KONSENTRASI DAN INTEGRASI KEPEMILIKAN PADA INDUSTRI MEDIA INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERANG FORMAT HIGH DEFINITION OPTICAL DISK -.: Universitas Semarang

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KONSENTRASI DAN INTEGRASI KEPEMILIKAN PADA INDUSTRI MEDIA INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERANG FORMAT HIGH DEFINITION OPTICAL DISK -.: Universitas Semarang KONSENTRASI DAN INTEGRASI KEPEMILIKAN PADA INDUSTRI MEDIA INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERANG FORMAT HIGH DEFINITION OPTICAL DISK Fajriannoor Fanani ([email protected]) (Staf Pengajar Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Semarang) Abstract High definition technology development in the entertainment industry, especially film industry, has produce classic problem about format consensus in the media industry. This situation eventually creates the so called “war of format” between the two most popular high definition formats, the Blu-ray from Sony/Hitachi and the HD DVD from Toshiba. Unlike the war of format before, for example is VHS versus Betamax war, that determinated mostly by the consumer, the format war between Blu- ray and HD DVD is strongly affect by the abilities of the companies behind the two format to consentrate and integrate their business moghul and also to make alliance between competitiors. Concentration of ownership is appears in the trend of holywood studios to merge with the bigger studios, which is creates a few conglomeration in the movie business. Integrations of business could be seen from the owners of the big studios that not only have the studios, but also many other business that relate or not with the entertainment business. And least, the alliance could be seen from this big studios alliance to support one of the format. Initially the HD DVD was on the fruitfull position because has been back up by the studios like Warner Bros, Paramount, and Universal that have more market share in US that the studios that support Blu-ray format, which is Sony, Walt Disneym and 20th Century Fox. Fortunately for Blu-ray, Sony already sells millions of PS 3 console that ingeniously could read Blu-ray disk; this means there’s already millions of Blu-ray reader device in the hand of consument, something that Toshiba could not generate. In the end, the victory of Blu-ray format is accelerate by the switching side of Warner Brothers studio to the Blu-ray follow by the others big studios. Conclusively, the success of a new technology, especially the media industry, is sometimes not depends on the quality of the technology itself. Often, the success is determined by the availability of the industries that support the technology. The war of format between HD DVD and Blu-ray definitely show the determination of media industry in the development of new technology. Kata Kunci: Concentration, Integration, and Alliance Pendahuluan Perkembangan teknologi informasi informasi semakin mempersmpit dunia. telah membawa kita pada suatu dunia Perkembangan teknologi ini sendiri yang sangat berbeda. Peningkatan seringkali tidak berjalan dengan mulus kecepatan dan kapasitas persebaran ditandai dengan berbagai “perang” yang THE MESSENGER, Volume IV, Nomor 1, Edisi Januari 2012 16 terjadi antar sesama produsen sedangkan Toshiba mengembangkan elektronik. Pada decade 1980an format HD DVD. Perbedaan format ini misalnya terjadi perang format mengakibatkan alat pemutar/player videotape antara format VHS dari JVC yang mereka kembangkan menjadi tidak dan Betamax dari Sony yang kemudian kompatibel satu sama lain, sehingga dimenangkan oleh VHS (Smale, Will. pangsa pasar pun terancam terbelah. (12 February 2008). How the PS3 Led Blue-ray Disc Association dibentuk Blu-ray’s Triumph. Dalam pada Oktober 2004 untuk http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/725 mempromosikan format Blue-ray 2506.stm. Diakses pada tanggal 7 dimana anggota-anggota utamanya November 2009 pukul 21:39 WIB). antara lain Sony, Hitachi, Kemudian pada tahun 2008 yang lalu Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, S pun terjadi perang format high harp, dan Thomson. HD DVD definition optical disk antara format Promotion Group sementara itu Blue-ray dari Sony/Hitachi dan HD dibentuk pada September 2004 dengan DVD dari Toshiba yang kemudian anggota utamanya antara lain dimenangkan oleh Blue-ray. Toshiba, Microsoft, Intel, Menariknya terutama dalam kasus NEC, Sanyo, Memory-Tech Blue-ray, walaupun terdengar seperti Corporation, RCA, dan Venturer perang antar produsen elektronik, jalan Electronics. dan hasil peperangan ini sebenarnya Pada awalnya kedua format ini sangat ditentukan oleh konglomerasi- mendapatkan dukungan dari berbagai konglomerasi dalam industri media studio besar yang seringkali merilis seperti Time-Warner, Sony, produk-produk film mereka secara Viacom/Universal, dll. Jaringan bisnis eksklusif untuk satu format, HD DVD konglomerasi ini yang menggurita atau Blueray. Warner Bros, bersama secara vertical, horizontal, dan global, dengan Paramount, Universal, dan New ditambah dengan market share yang Line Cinema telah menyatakan untuk sangat besar yang dimiliki oleh mereka, mendukung format HD DVD dalam menjadi faktor yang sangat menentukan film-film mereka (Ronald Grover, Peter kemenangan format Blue-ray. Burrows, dan Cliff Edwards. (5 Oktober High Definition Optical Disc adalah 2005). A Warner Bros. Green Light for teknologi penyimpanan data high Blu-ray?. Dalam definition untuk file film dan audio. http://www.businessweek.com/technolo Teknologi ini sendiri bila ditelusuri gy/content/oct2005/tc2005105_6128_tc merupakan kelanjutan dari DVD, Video 024.htm. Diakses pada tanggal 7 CD, dan Videotape/VCR. File High November 2009 pukul 21:45 WIB). Definition Optical Disc diaplikasikan Setelah itu Paramount dan kemudian dalam suatu piringan disket dan dapat DreamWorksAnimation bahkan juga dimainkan/disetel pada suatu player telah menyatakan untuk menyokong khusus yang dapat membaca format format HD DVD secara eksklusif bagi dalam piringan tersebut. Format inilah film-film high definition mereka. Film- yang kemudian menjadi permasalahan film yang dirilis secara ekslusif ini karena Sony/Hitachi dan Toshiba, seperti, ”Transformers” dan “Shrek the sebagai pengembang dari teknologi ini, Third” (Barnes, Brooks. (21 Agustus mengembangkan format yang berbeda 2007). Two Studios to Support HD DVD satu sama lain. Sony/Hitachi Over Rival. Dalam mengembangkan format Blue-ray http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/te THE MESSENGER, Volume IV, Nomor 1, Edisi Januari 2012 17 chnology/21disney.html?r=1. Diakses Home Video. “Pan’s Labyrinth” pada tanggal 7 November 2009 pukul menjadi film pertama dan terakhir dari 22:04 WIB). New Line Cinema yang diriilis dalam Sony sementara itu juga tidaklah format HD DVD karena setelah itu sendirian. Selain memiliki Columbia film-film lainnya dirilis dalam format dan Sony Pictures yang tentu Blue-ray seperti “Hairspray” dan “Rush mendukung format Blueray, Sony juga Hour 3” (Anonim. (8 Januari 2008). disokong oleh industry media besar lain New Line Details Transition to Blu-ray. seperti Walt Disney dan 20th Century Dalam Fox yang merupakan anak perusahaan http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/sh dari konglomerasi media News ow/New_Line/Industry_Trends/NewLin Corporation (Smale, Will. (12 February eDetailsTransitiontoBlu-ray/1351. 2008). How the PS3 Led Blu-ray’s Diakses pada tanggal 7 November 2009 Triumph. Dalam pukul 22:17 WIB). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/725 Peralihan dukungan Warner Bros 2506.stm. Diakses pada tanggal 7 dari HD DVD ke Blu-ray ini dengan November 2009 pukul 21:39 WIB). segera menimbulkan efek domino pada Pada puncak persaingan dari industri-industri film. Studio-studio “peperangan” ini banyak industri- besar yang awalnya mendukung HD industri film dan media yang DVD seperti Paramount Pictures dan menyokong secara keseluruhan kedua Universal Pictures dengan segera format tersebut. Warner misalnya mengalihkan dukungan mereka pada menyatakan untuk menyudahi format Blue-ray. Universal misalnya dukungan ekslusif mereka pada format mengumumkan untuk berhenti merilis HD DVD dan merilis film-filmnya film dalam format HD DVD, dimana dalam dua format, HD DVD dan film “Atonement” yang dirilis pada Blueray (Ronald Grover, Peter Maret 2008 menjadi film HD DVD Burrows, dan Cliff Edwards. (5 Oktober mereka yang terakhir (Anonim. (3 2005). A Warner Bros. Green Light for Maret 2008). Universal Ends HD DVD Blu-ray?. Dalam Support with ‘Atonement’. Dalam http://www.businessweek.com/technolo http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/sh gy/content/oct2005/tc2005105_6128_tc ow/Universal/IndustryTrends/Universal 024.htm. Diakses pada tanggal 7 EndsHDDVDSupportwithAtonement/1 November 2009 pukul 21:45 WIB). 527. Diakses pada tanggal 7 November Hilangnya dukungan eksklusif 2009 pukul 22:21 WIB). Warner Bros untuk format HD DVD Efek domino tersebut juga terasa menjadi pukulan yang berat bagi hingga ke retail-retail Wallmart dan Toshiba dan pendukung format tersebut, Blockbuster yang awalnya mendukung akan tetapi Warner kemudian penuh format HD DVD. Wallmart memberikan pukulan yang lebih adalah penjual DVD terbesar di mematikan pada Januari 2008 dengan Amerika Serikat sedangkan Blockbuster meninggalkan sama sekali format adalah toko rental DVD terbesar di tersebut dan beralih memberikan Amerika Serikat. Pada awalnya kedua dukungan eksklusif pada format Blue- perusahaan ini mendukung HD DVD ray. Kebijakan ini segera disusul oleh dengan ikut mendistribusikan film-film berbagai anak perusahaan dari Warner berformat HD DVD pada konsumen. Bros dan Time Warner seperti studio Akan tetapi dengan peralihan dukungan film New Line Cinema dan Warner dari Warner yang menimbulkan efek THE MESSENGER, Volume IV, Nomor 1, Edisi Januari 2012 18 domino tersebut, mereka pun berangsur- membeli peralatan HD DVD eksternal angsur melepaskan dukungan untuk HD untuk bisa menikmati film-film DVD. Pada Februari 2008 Wallmart berformat HD DVD dalam Xbox mengumumkan bahwa retail-retail mereka (12 February 2008).
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