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Notes Introduction 1 . James Secord (2000) Victorian Sensation: The Extraordinary Publication, Reception and Secret Authorship of ‘Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation’ (Chicago and London), p. 334. 2 . Searching the digitised collections of the ‘Access to Archives’ website (A2A) for ‘parish magazine’ produced over 2,000 matches in March 2014: www.a2a. org.uk. 3 . For the 1851 Religious Census see Hugh McLeod (1996) Religion and Society in England 1850 – 1914 (New York), pp. 11–13. 4 . For overviews of the secularisation debate see Jeremy Morris (2003) ‘The Strange Death of Christian Britain: Another Look at the Secularisation Debate’. Historical Journal 46(4): 963–76; David Nash (2013) Christian Ideals in British Culture: Stories of Belief in the Twentieth Century (Basingstoke), pp. 2–14. 5 . See K. D. M. Snell (2006) Parish and Belonging: Community, Identity and Welfare in England and Wales 1700 – 1950 (Cambridge), pp. 499–504. 6 . J. S. Leatherbarrow (1954) Victorian Period Piece: Studies Occasioned by a Lancashire Church (London), p. 103. 7 . Simon Fowler (February 2008) ‘Parish Magazines’, Ancestors , 20: 1. 8 . Hugh McLeod (1974) Class and Religion in the Late-Victorian City (London); Jeffrey Cox (1982) The English Churches in a Secular Society: Lambeth, 1870– 1930 (Oxford); S. J. D. Green (1996) Religion in the Age of Decline: Organisation and Experience in Industrial Yorkshire, 1870 – 1920 (Cambridge); S. C. Williams (1999 ) Religious Belief and Popular Culture in Southwark c. 1880–1939 (Oxford); Martin Wellings (2003) Evangelicals Embattled: Responses of Evangelicals in the Church of England to Ritualism, Darwinism and Theological Liberalism 1890 – 1930 (Bletchley). 9 . Owen Chadwick (1972) The Victorian Church (2 vols) II, 2nd edition (London), pp. 426–7. 10 . Josef L. Altholz (1989) The Religious Press in Britain, 1760 – 1900 (New York), pp. 37, 40, 43. He mentioned Goodwill and Dawn of Day. 11 . Lawrence J. Clipper (1987) (ed.) The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton, Vol. 28: The Illustrated London News 1908 – 1910 (San Francisco), p. 187. Though celebrated as a Roman Catholic, Chesterton remained Anglican until 1922: Bernard Bergonzi, ‘Chesterton, Gilbert Keith (1874–1936)’, ODNB ; Graham Greene (1969) Travels with My Aunt (London), pp. 173–5; Ian Hislop, Richard Ingrams, Christopher Booker, Barry Fantoni (2002) Carry On Vicar: St. Albion Parish News, Vol. V (London). See also Mary Cholmondeley (1899) Red Pottage (London). 12 . Richard D. Altick (1998) The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public, 1800 – 1900 , 2nd edition (Columbus), p. 364. 13 . Kay Boardman (2006) ‘“Charting the Golden Stream”: Recent Work on Victorian Periodicals’. Victorian Studies 48(1): 505–17, 506; The Wellesley Index 200 Notes 201 to Victorian Periodicals , http://wellesley.chadwyck.com; Waterloo Directory of English Newspapers and Periodicals, 1800 – 1900 ; http://www.victorianperiodi- cals.com, accessed 15 June 2014. 14 . Josef Altholz (1994) ‘“The Wellesley Index” and Religious Periodicals’, Victorian Periodicals Review ( VPR ) 27(1): 289–93. 15 . Margaret Dalziel (1957) Popular Fiction 100 Years Ago (London). 16 . For early examples see Irene Dancyger (1978) A World of Women: An illus- trated History of Women’s Magazines (Dublin); Wendy Forrester (1980) Great Grandmother’s Weekly: A Celebration of the Girls’ Own Paper (London). Later examples: Patricia J. Anderson (1992) ‘“Factory Girl, Apprentice and Clerk”: the Readership of Mass-Market Magazines, 1830–1860’. VPR 25(2): 64–72; Rosemary Scott (1992) ‘The Sunday Periodical: Sunday at Home’. VPR 25(4): 158–62; Julie Melynk (1996) ‘Emma Jane Worboise and the Christian World Magazine: Christian Publishing and Women’s Empowerment’. VPR 19(2): 131–45. See also Janis Dawson (2013) ‘“Not for girls alone, but for anyone who can relish really good literature”: L. T. Meade, Atalanta , and the Family Literary Magazine’. VPR 46(4): 475–98. 17 . Margaret Beetham (1996) A Magazine of Her Own? Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine 1800 – 1914 (London and New York); Margaret Beetham and Kay Boardman (2001) Victorian Women’s Magazines: An Anthology (Manchester and New York). 18 . Kay Boardman (2006) ‘Charting the Golden Stream’. Victorian Studies 48(1): 505–17, 515; Jonathan R. Topham (2004) ‘The Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine and Religious Monthlies in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain’. In Geoffrey Cantor, Gowan Dawson, Graeme Gooday, Richard Noakes, Sally Shuttleworth, Jonathan R. Topham, Science in the Nineteenth Century Periodical: Reading the Magazine of Nature (Cambridge), pp. 67–90. 19 . Aileen Fyfe (2004) Science and Salvation: Evangelical Popular Science Publishing in Victorian Britain (Chicago and London); Cantor et al.: Science in the Nineteenth-Century Periodical. 20 . Chris Baggs (2005) ‘“In the separate Reading Rooms for Ladies are provided those publications specially interesting to them”: Ladies’ Reading Rooms and British Public Libraries 1850–1914’. VPR 38(1): 280–306, 286, 288. 21 . K. D. M. Snell (2010) ‘Parish Pond to Lake Nyasa: Parish Magazines and Senses of Community’. Family and Community History 13(1): 45–69. Rex Walford (2007) The Growth of ‘New London’ in Suburban Middlesex (1918 – 45) and the Response of the Church of England (Lewiston, Queenston, Lampeter). See also Rosemary and Tony Jewers (2010) Revelations from Old Parish Magazines (Dereham). 22 . Snell, ‘Parish Pond’, 45. 23 . Mark Connolly (2002) The Great War, Memory and Ritual: Commemoration in the City and East London 1916–1939 (Woodbridge), pp. 25–35; Michael Austin (1999) ‘Almost like a Dream’: A Parish at War, 1914 – 19 (Whitchurch); see also Alan Wilkinson (1978) The Church of England and the First World War (London), chapter 3. 24 . Michael Snape (2005) God and the British Soldier: Religion and the British Army in the First and Second World Wars (London and New York). 25 . Robert Lee (2006) Rural Society and the Anglican Clergy, 1815 – 1914: Encountering and Managing the Poor (Cambridge), p. 191. 202 Notes 26 . Peter Croft (1993) The Parish Magazine Inset (Blandford Forum). 27 . Croft, Inset , pp. 3, 24. 28 . Michael Ledger-Lomas (2009) ‘Mass Markets: Religion’. In David McKitterick (ed.) The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain VI, 1830 – 1914 (Cambridge), pp. 324–58; Callum G. Brown (2001) The Death of Christian Britain (Abingdon and New York), chapter 4. 29 . Snell, ‘Parish Pond’, 48–9. 30 . Parish magazines were also common in Ireland, Scotland and Wales: Snell, ‘Parish Pond’, 45–6. As Scotland’s national church is not Anglican, the Churches of Wales and Ireland underwent disestablishment and some Welsh magazines are in the Welsh language, only English parishes were studied; there is an obvious need for further study. 31 . LSE Library, Booth Archive: Charles Booth (1902–1903), Life and Labour of the People in London (7 vols), Third Series: Religious Influences (London): Manuscript Notebooks. 32 . Carlisle Diocese : CACC, Carlisle Diocesan Calendar and Clergy List (1910, Carlisle); the large proportion from Cumbria may be explained by the number of Cumbria’s county archive centres (4). Oxford Diocese : OHC, MS. Oxf. Dioc. Papers C.365: Diocese of Oxford Clergy Visitation Returns (1899). 33 . CACC, DRC Acc H3966: Diocese of Carlisle Clergy Visitation Queries and Returns (1900). 34 . Secord, Victorian Sensation, p. 40; Jonathan R. Topham (2010) ‘Science, Religion, and the History of the Book’. In Thomas Dixon, Geoffrey Cantor and Stephen Pumfrey (eds) Science and Religion: New Historical Perspectives (Cambridge), pp. 221–43, 234. 35 . Peter Ackroyd (2000) London, the Biography (London), pp. 717–24. 36 . For example, Jerry White (2007) London in the 19th Century (London), p. 3. 37 . L. E. Ellsworth (1982) Charles Lowder and the Ritualist Movement (London); John Shelton Reed (1996) Glorious Battle: The Cultural Politics of Victorian Anglo-Catholicism (Nashville), chapter 3; Edward Norman (1987) The Victorian Christian Socialists (Cambridge), pp. 98–120. 38 . Congregations’ movement between churches is demonstrated in Charles Booth’s notebooks: LSE, Booth Archive, Religious Influences, Manuscript Notebooks, B243: All Souls Langham Place. 39 . D. M. Barratt and D. G. Vaisey (1973) Oxfordshire (Oxford); G. V. Cox (1870) Recollections of Oxford (Oxford). 40 . James Bentley (1978) Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Attempt to Legislate for Belief (Oxford). 41 . William Purcell (1983) The Mowbray Story (Oxford). I should like to thank Dominic Vaughan, CEO of Hymns Ancient and Modern , for information on the present-day Sign , given January 2015. 42 . James Obelkevich (1976) Religion and Rural Society: South Lindsey 1825 – 1875 (Oxford); S. J. D. Green (1993) ‘The Church of England and the Working Classes in Late-Victorian and Edwardian Halifax’. Transactions of the Halifax Antiquarian Society NS1: 106–20; Green, Religion in the Age of Decline; Richard Sykes (2005) ‘Popular Religion in Decline: A Study from the Black Country’. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 56(2): 287–307; D. McClatchey (1960) Oxfordshire Clergy 1777 – 1869: A Study of the Established Church and of the Role of its Clergy in Local Society (Oxford); Cox, English Churches in a Secular Notes 203 Society; Williams, Religious Belief and Popular Culture; John Burgess (1984) ‘The Religious History of Cumbria 1780–1920’ (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sheffield). Robin Gill (2003) analyses Carlisle Clergy Visitation Returns in The Empty Church Revisited (Aldershot). 43 . Burgess, ‘Religious
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