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Crustacea, Decapoda) European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Deoapoda) Nguyen NGOC-HO Museum national d'Histoire natureile, Departement Milieux et Peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Button, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Ngoc-Ho N. 2003. — European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema 25 (3): 439-555. ABSTRACT All genera and species from Europe and the Mediterranean are diagnosed or redescribed, differentiating characters are illustrated and an identification key is provided. A review of literature and biological information is included, and a classification, with two new genera, is proposed. The superfamily Axioidea comprises the Axiidae, with Axius stirhynchus, Calocarides coronatus, Levantocaris hornungae; and the Calocarididae with Calastacus laevis and Calocaris macandreae. The Callianassoidea include the Callianassidae, Ctenochelidae, Laomediidae and Upogebiidae. The Callianassidae contain three subfamilies. The Callianassinae have three species placed in Callianassa: C. acanthura, C. subterranea and C. truncata; three other species are assigned to a new genus, Pestarella n. gen.: P. Candida n. comb., P. tyrrhena n. comb, and P. whitei n. comb. Pestarella n. gen. species have an operculiform Mxp3, a telson rounded in posterior half and no Pip 1-2 in male. The little known species Calliapagurops charcoti is placed in the Callichirinae. The Eucalliacinae contain two species: Calliax lobata and Calliaxina punica n. comb., type species of a new genus, Calliaxina n. gen. Species of Calliaxina n. KEYWORDS gen. possess a rostrum with pointed tip, an operculiform Mxp3 with exopod, Crustacea, the PI equal and similar, and Pip 1-2 with appendix interna in both male and Decapoda, Thalassinidea, female. The Ctenochelidae have one subfamily, Gourretinae with Gourrretia Europe, denticulata. The Laomediidae are represented by one species, Jaxea nocturna, Mediterranean, and the Upogebiidae by seven species: Gehiacantha talismani, Upogebia new genera, revision. deltaura, U. mediterranea, U, nitida, U. pusilla, U. stellata and U. tipica. 200SYSTEMA • 2003 • 25 (3) © Publications Scientifiques du Museum national d'Histoire natureile, Paris, www.zoosystema.com 439 Neoc-Ho N. RESUME Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) d'Europe et de Mediterranee. Une diagnose (ou redescription) de tous les genres et especes d'Europe et de la Mediterranee est presentee et les caracteres differentiels sont figures. Une revue des donnees bibiiographiques et biologiques est incluse ; une classifica­ tion, comportant deux genres nouveaux, et une cle sont proposees. La super- familie Axioidea comprend les Axiidae, avec Axius stirhynchus, Calocarides coronatus, Levantocaris hornungae, et les Calocarididae, avec Calastacus laevis et Calocaris macandreae. Les Callianassoidea se composent des Caliianassidae, Ctenochelidae, Laomediidae et Upogebiidae. Les Caliianassidae contiennent trois sous-families. Les Callianassinae ont trois especes placees dans Callianassa: C. acanthura, C. subterranea et C. truncata ; trois autres sont attri- buees a un nouveau genre, Pestarella n. gen. : P. Candida n. comb., P. tyrrhena n. comb, et P. whitei n. comb. Les especes de Pestarella n. gen. ont un Mxp3 operculiforme, un telson arrondi dans sa partie posterieure et pas de Pip 1-2 chez les males. L'espece peu connue, Calliapagurops charcoti, est placee dans les Caliichirinae. Les Eucalliacinae contiennent deux especes : Calliax lobata et Calliaxinapunica n. comb., espece type d'un genre nouveau, Calliaxina n. gen. Les especes de Calliaxina n. gen. possedent un rostre a extremite pointue, MOTS CLES un Mxp3 operculiforme muni d'exopode, les PI egaux et les Pip 1-2 avec Crustacea, appendix interna dans les deux sexes. Les Ctenochelidae ont une sous-famille, Decapoda, Gourretinae, avec Gourrretia denticulata. Les Laomediidae sont representees Thalassinidea, Europe, par une esphce,Jaxea noctuma, et les Upogebiidae par sept especes: Gebiacantha Mediterranee, talismani, Upogebia deltaura, U. mediterranea, U. nitida, U. pusilla, U. stellata nouveaux genres, et U. tipica. revision. INTRODUCTION The first objective of this paper is to define the species. All species and genera from Europe and The European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea the Mediterranean are diagnosed, with redescrip- are a small group of decapod crustaceans currently tions where necessary, and illustrated; extensive comprising 23 species, excluding a new axiid that synonymies are given from taxonomic and biolo­ would have been described by M. de Saint gical literature. Characteristics of higher taxa can Laurent. They have never been subject to an be found in the Discussion and in the Key. overall revision; uncertainty and confusion still A classification of the European and exist for a number of species, especially in the Mediterranean Thalassinidea, which includes Upogebiidae. On the other hand, several impor­ two new genera, is presented. Different views tant works on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the concerning taxa are discussed. Thalassinidea have been published in recent years: de Saint Laurent (1973), de Saint Laurent & Le Loeuff (1979), Sakai & de Saint Laurent (1989), MATERL\LS AND METHODS Manning & Felder (1991), Poore (1994), Sakai (1999a), Tudge et al. (2000). Various classifica­ All materials of European and Mediterranean tion systems have been proposed, sometimes with Thalassinidea currently present in the Museum large differences, which meant that choices had to national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), be made concerning the taxonomy of the The Natural History Museum, London European and Mediterranean fauna. (NHML) and the Rijksmuseum of Natural 440 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2003 • 25 (3) European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea) History, Leiden (RMNH) were examined during with larvae, those preceded by the symbol ° refer the course of this study. Additional specimens to a mention of the species in a list, without came from the Museum of Comparative detail. Zoology, Harvard (MCZ), the Museum of Copenhagen (ZMUC), the Museum of Victoria (NMV), the Natural History Museum, Vienna Al antennule; (NHMW), the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt A2 antenna; Md mandible; (SMF), the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Mxl maxiUule; Stockholm (SMNH), the Smithsonian Mx2 maxilla; Institution, Washington DC (USNM), as well as Mxpl-3 maxillipeds 1-3; from the personal collections of Cedric Pl-5 pereopods 1-5; Pip 1-5 pleopods 1-5. d'Udekem dAcoz (d'Udekem d'Acoz, now depo­ sited in the MNHN), and of Prof. Athanasios The following terminology used may need clarifi­ Koukouras (A.U.TH, deposited in the Museum cation: of the Zoology Department, Aristoteleio Uni­ For axiids, A2 acicle = antennal scale. versity of Thessaloniki). For callianassids (adapted from Manning & It has not been possible to locate the types for Felder 1991), dorsal oval (e.g.. Figs 8A; 13A) is about a third of the species studied, nor was it defined by a groove or furrow that delimits an possible to ascertain that they were lost. An effort oval anterior portion of the carapace; posteriorly, has been made to clarify problems concerning the it is delimited by the cervical groove. identity of these species, but no neotypes have Mxp3: pediform (Fig. 2IE) means ischium-merus been selected. length more than three times merus width; sub- The measurements given in the description are: pediform (Fig. 9D) means ischium-merus length carapace length (cl.) measured from the tip of the about two to three times merus width; operculi- rostrum (in the Callianassoidea) or the base of form (e.g., Figs 12G; 13G) means ischium-merus the rostrum, at the orbital margin (in the length less than twice merus width. Axioidea) to the posterior border of the carapace; Dorsal plate on uropodal exopod (e.g.. Figs 8G; total length (tl.) measured from the tip of the ros­ 9F) is an antero-dorsal thickening terminating trum (in the Callianassoidea) or the base of the posteriorly in a dorsal setal row near the posterior rostrum (in the Axioidea) to the posterior border border. of the telson. For upogebiids, lateral ridges (e.g.. Figs 24A; Most specimens belonging to the MNHN and a 26A) are the upper longitudinal toothed crests of few from other institutions were measured. The the gastric region, on either side of the rostrum. carapace length is given for all whereas the total length is only given for types and figured speci­ mens. DISCUSSION Figured specimens and appendages were stained with a weak solution of chlorazol black, some­ Examination of the European and Mediterranean times with a drop of lactic acid added. Thalassinidea supports Poore's (1994) view If not otherwise stated, the rostrum, the anterior about assigning the Axiidae and Callianassidae part of the carapace, the telson and the uropods into separate superfamilies, the Axioidea and are figured in dorsal view and appendages in lat­ Callianassoidea. Members of the two families eral view. share a chelate P2 and the presence of an appen­ In the list of synonymies, the original names dix interna on Plp3-5 but differ in many features. given to a species are presented first, in chronolog­ A number of presumably plesiomorphic characte­ ical order while other names are in alphabetical ristics are found in the Axioidea: linea thalassinica order. References preceded by an asterisk (*) deal absent; rostrum large and armed with teeth or ZOOSYSTEMA • 2003 • 25 (3) 441 NgDc-Ho N. Spines; antenna! acicle large; Mxp3 slender with a The Ctenochelidae differ by having no dorsal strong tooth crest on mesial
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