DOCSLIB.ORG

Independent of Fas/Fas Ligand Interaction Uses Different Caspase

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Independent of Fas/Fas Ligand Interaction Uses Different Caspase Western and Chinese Antirheumatic Drug-Induced T Cell Apoptotic DNA Damage Uses Different Caspase Cascades and Is Independent of Fas/Fas Ligand Interaction This information is current as of September 26, 2021. Jenn-Haung Lai, Ling-Jun Ho, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Deh-Ming Chang, Men-Fang Shaio and Shou-Hwa Han J Immunol 2001; 166:6914-6924; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6914 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/166/11/6914 Downloaded from References This article cites 86 articles, 31 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/166/11/6914.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 26, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Western and Chinese Antirheumatic Drug-Induced T Cell Apoptotic DNA Damage Uses Different Caspase Cascades and Is Independent of Fas/Fas Ligand Interaction1 Jenn-Haung Lai,2*‡ Ling-Jun Ho,*‡ Kuo-Cheng Lu,† Deh-Ming Chang,* Men-Fang Shaio,§ and Shou-Hwa Han¶ Spontaneous or therapeutic induction of T cell apoptosis plays a critical role in establishing transplantation tolerance and main- taining remission of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by Chinese and Western anti- rheumatic drugs (ARDs) in human T cells. We found that hydroxychloroquine, Tripterygium wilfordii hook F, and tetrandrine (Tet), but not methotrexate, at therapeutic concentrations can cause T cell death. In addition, Tet selectively killed T cells, especially activated T cells. Although ARD-induced cytotoxicity was mediated through apoptotic mechanisms, Fas/Fas ligand Downloaded from interaction was not required. We further demonstrated that the processes of phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA damage along the ARD-induced T cell apoptotic pathway could operate independently, and that selective inhibition of DNA damage by caspase inhibitors did not prevent T cells from undergoing cell death. Moreover, we found that Tet- and Tripterygium wilfordii hook F-induced T cell DNA damage required caspase-3 activity, and hydroxychloroquine-induced T cell DNA damage was mediated through a caspase-3- and caspase-8-independent, but Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluomethyl ketone-sensitive, signaling path- way. Finally, the observation that ARD-induced activation of caspase-3 in both Fas-sensitive and Fas-resistant Jurkat T cells http://www.jimmunol.org/ indicates that Fas/Fas ligand interaction plays no role in ARD-induced T cell apoptosis. Our observations provide new information about the complex apoptotic mechanisms of ARDs, and have implications for combining Western and Chinese ARDs that have different immunomodulatory mechanisms in the therapy of autoimmune diseases and transplantation rejection. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 6914–6924. he etiology of autoimmune diseases, including rheuma- initiation and progression is triggered by T cell activation (3, 4). toid arthritis, remains largely unknown. Current therapy Therefore, most therapies target the inhibition of activated T cells for rheumatoid arthritis is aimed at attenuating disease (5, 6). T by guest on September 26, 2021 activity with a combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic In addition to the activation of T cells, defective regulation of T drugs (DMARDs),3 including methotrexate (MTX), sulfasalazine, cell apoptosis (programmed cell death) also plays a crucial role in and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (1, 2). Despite aggressive medical disease progression (7–9). Recent work demonstrating the require- treatment, the morbidity and mortality of rheumatoid arthritis are ment for T cell apoptosis to establish transplantation tolerance further still high. Therapy is limited by the limited understanding of patho- highlights the importance of this process (10). Apoptosis-based ther- physiologic processes underlying the illness. In this context, al- apy has been suggested as one of the approaches to controlling the though the activation of other immune effector cells such as mac- progression of autoimmune diseases (11). We and other investigators rophages, B cells, and synovial cells may participate in the process showed that the immunosuppressive effects of the Western antirheu- of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, the process of disease matic drug (ARD), HCQ, and of Chinese ARDs, tetrandrine (Tet) and Tripterygium wilfordii hook F (TWHf), were mediated through both *Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and †Division of the inhibition of T cell activation and the induction of T cell apoptosis Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National De- (12–15). In addition, high concentrations (0.1–10 ␮M) of MTX, fense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China; ‡Graduate Institute of Life Science, another important DMARD, have been shown to induce apoptosis of National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China; §Department of Par- asitology and Tropical Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic activated PBLs (16). of China; and ¶Immunology Division, Cheng-Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, HCQ is considered to be an agent whose immunomodulatory Taiwan, Republic of China effects are comparable to those of other DMARDs, but it is less Received for publication May 19, 2000. Accepted for publication March 22, 2001. toxic, and it is useful in combination therapy (17). TWHf (or The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page Thunder God Vine, a complex herbal remedy) has been widely charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. used, with great success clinically, to treat autoimmune diseases 1 This work was supported by a grant from National Health Research Institutes, Tai- such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in wan, Republic of China (NHRI-GT-EX89B915C). mainland China for decades (reviewed in Refs. 18 and 19). Puri- 2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J.-H. Lai, Rheumatology/Im- fied products from TWHf have been shown to down-regulate the munology and Allergy, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng- expression of cyclooxygenase-2, a critical molecule that is induced Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail address: [email protected] during inflammation (20). Aside from TWHf, the plant alkaloid 3 Abbreviations used in this paper: DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; MTX, methotrexate; ARD, antirheumatic drug; TWHf, Tripterygium wilfordii hook Tet is another major ARD used to treat silicosis and rheumatic F; Tet, tetrandrine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; FasL, Fas ligand; PS, phosphatidyl- diseases in mainland China (21). The immunomodulatory effects serine; Z-VAD-fmk, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluomethyl ketone; Z-DEVD-fmk, Z-Asp-Glu- Val-Asp-fluomethyl ketone; LDH, lactate dehyrogenase; PI, propidium iodide; of Tet and its analogs have been demonstrated both in vitro and in FADD, Fas-associated death domain protein. vivo (22–25). Recent work from us and other investigators on Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists 0022-1767/01/$02.00 The Journal of Immunology 6915 these two Chinese ARDs provide additional support for their great Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. The activated T cells were potential not only in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, but also then treated with ARDs in the absence of exogenous IL-2 as described for in the prevention of transplantation rejection (14, 15, 26, 27). the resting T cells. In the present study the molecular events that mediate ARD- Measurement of nonspecific cytotoxicity induced T cell apoptosis were examined. Our results demonstrate Several assays were used to examine drug toxicity in human peripheral that ARD-induced T cell apoptosis was not dependent on Fas/Fas blood T cells and different human cell lines. The release of lactate dehy- ligand (FasL) interaction. Interestingly, ARD-induced DNA dam- drogenase (LDH) as an indicator of damage to the plasma membrane and age and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization were indepen- cell death was measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions dently regulated, and selective prevention of DNA damage by (Roche, Indianapolis, IN). The percent cytotoxicity was calculated as (sam- Ϫ Ϭ Ϫ ϫ caspase inhibitors could not rescue T cells from death. In addition ple value medium control) (high control medium control) 100, where the sample value is the average of absorbance values of the tripli- we show that ARD-induced T cell DNA damage appeared to re- cates of drug-treated cell supernatants after subtraction from each of the quire different caspase activities. The selective toxicity toward T absorbance values obtained in the background control.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Informal and Formal Institutions in Taiwan's Political Process
    Towards a Consolidated Democracy? Informal and Formal Institutions in Taiwan's Political Process Christian Göbel University of Heidelberg [email protected] Paper prepared for the Conference Group on Taiwan Studies at the APSA Annual Meeting 2001, San Francisco, August 30 - September 2 ABSTRACT Institutionalization plays an important role in democratic consolidation. This paper goes beyond constitutional reforms and takes a closer look at the institutions, both informal and formal, that have shaped and influenced Taiwan's political process since its successful democratic transition. It seeks to elucidate in a systematic way the role major informal networks have played, and in a second step examines their relationship with the formal institutional environment. Political representation in Taiwan is found to have been, to a great extent, based on informal institutions which undermine democracy. The relationship between these informal institutions and the formal institutions has been largely complementary, meaning that formal and informal institutions have reinforced each other. In cases where conflicts existed, the sanctions that the formal institution carried were either toothless, or their enforcement was lax. Seen in this light, Taiwan's process of democratic consolidation was largely stagnating until the changeover of power in May 2000. However, the new administration's "sweeping out black gold-" policies are a step in the right direction and might eventually serve to initiate further institutional reform. Introduction Much has been written about Taiwan's democratization process, and hardly anyone doubts that Taiwan became a democracy with its first direct presidential elections in March 1996. There is considerable argument, however, about the quality of Taiwan's democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies
    RELIGION AND SOCIETY IN ASIA Kuo (ed.) Kuo Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies Edited by Cheng-tian Kuo Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies Religion and Society in Asia The Religion and Society in Asia series presents state-of-the-art cross-disciplinary academic research on colonial, postcolonial and contemporary entanglements between the socio-political and the religious, including the politics of religion, throughout Asian societies. It thus explores how tenets of faith, ritual practices and religious authorities directly and indirectly impact on local moral geographies, identity politics, political parties, civil society organizations, economic interests, and the law. It brings into view how tenets of faith, ritual practices and religious authorities are in turn configured according to socio-political, economic as well as security interests. The series provides brand new comparative material on how notions of self and other as well as justice and the commonweal have been predicated upon ‘the religious’ in Asia since the colonial/imperialist period until today. Series Editors Martin Ramstedt, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle Stefania Travagnin, University of Groningen Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies Edited by Cheng-tian Kuo Amsterdam University Press This book is sponsored by the 2017 Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange (Taiwan; SP002-D-16) and co-sponsored by the International Institute of Asian Studies (the Netherlands). Cover illustration: Chairman Mao Memorial Hall in Beijing © Cheng-tian Kuo Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Typesetting: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Taiwan Elections: Planning for the Future
    After the Taiwan Elections: Planning for the Future Alan D. Romberg President Ma Ying-jeou’s solid re-election victory on January 14 and the Kuomintang’s respectable showing in the Legislative Yuan (LY) contests not only eased anxiety in Beijing and Washington, but laid a foundation for yet further progress along all sides of the triangular relationship. On the other hand, they created challenges for Ma, the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Beijing, and the United States. The substantially reduced margin of Ma’s victory as compared with 2008, and the smaller Kuomintang (KMT) majority in the LY, reflected not only the “recovery” of the DPP from the low point of the Chen Shui- bian years, but widespread ambivalence about the Ma administration’s policies and performance. Although the two major parties returned to their traditional levels of support, there were abundant warning signs for President Ma and his colleagues that they needed to pay far more attention to the issues of economic and social inequity raised by the DPP during the election or else their “legacy” would be tarnished and the chances of a DPP return to power in 2016 would be enhanced. Early indications are that Ma is taking the warning to heart. The DPP, meanwhile, is engaging in considerable reflection on why it fared so badly, far worse in the northern and central sections of Taiwan than it aimed for or had expected to achieve based on its internal polls. Particular attention was focused on the question of the party’s cross-Strait policy, and as this essay was being drafted, despite adoption of a report that finessed the question of what the party’s policy toward the Mainland should be, a sharp debate had already taken place and was likely to continue between those advocating “moving to the center” and those who insisted on maintaining traditional positions on Taiwan’s independence.
    [Show full text]
  • A. Calendrics: Converting Dates B. Sources for Geography C. Official Titles Bureaucracy and Examinations D
    Handbook of Reference Works in Traditional Chinese Studies (R. Eno, 2011) CHINESE HISTORY VI: TECHNICAL AIDS This section of course materials will treat the following areas: A. Calendrics: converting dates B. Sources for geography C. Official titles Bureaucracy and examinations D. Miscellaneous Weights and measures Social statistics Legal history Historical disasters Imperial genealogical tables Pronunciation of Japanese names Some recent cultural encyclopaedias A. Calendrics: converting dates There are varying degrees of difficulty in converting Chinese dates to Western equivalent. For conversion of years, if one is not concerned about the imperfect overlap of Chinese solunar and Western solar year periods and initial days, a simple table such as that included at the end of all editions of the Kuo-yü tz’u-tien can suffice. But if one is dating specific birth or death dates, or the dates of specific events, it is necessary to use a calendrical conversion book or online conversion resource. Hsu Hsi-ch’i’s tables, listed first below, constitute so sophisticated and powerful a tool that it effectively superseded all previous works when published. It is, however, difficult to use. A very detailed discussion of the procedures for using it is provided below, and will be reinforced in class discussions. For many purposes, the two items which follow remain entirely sufficient and may be easier to use (although before Hsu’s work, they seemed extremely difficult), and they are discussed more briefly. Sample pages of all three conversion books are provided. The fourth set of tables listed, by Tung Tso-pin, was formerly important for conversion of B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Change on Mainland China and Taiwan, 1949-1980
    OccAsioNAl PApERs/ REpRiNTS SERiES iN CoNTEMpoRARY AsiAN STudiEs NUMBER 3 - 1982 (48} SOCIAL CHANGE ON MAINLAND I CHINA AND TAIWAN, 1949-80 I •• Alan P. L. Liu ScltoolofLAw UNiVERSiTy of 0 MARylANd ( 0 Occasional Papers/Reprint Series in Contemporary Asian Studies General Editor: Hungdah Chiu Executive Editors: David Salem Lyushun Shen Managing Editor: Shirley Lay Editorial Advisory Board Professor Robert A. Scalapino, University of California at Berkeley Professor Martin Wilbur, Columbia University Professor Gaston J. Sigur, George Washington University Professor Shao-chuan Leng, University of Virginia Professor Lawrence W. Beer, University of Colorado Professor James Hsiung, New York University Dr. Robert Heuser, Max-Planck-Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law at Heidelberg Dr. Lih-wu Han, Political Science Association of the Republic of China Professor K. P. Misra, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India Professor J. S. Prybyla, The Pennsylvania State University Professor Toshio Sawada, Sophia University, Japan Published with the cooperation of the Maryland International Law Society All contributions (in English only) and communications should be sent to Professor Hungdah Chiu, University of Maryland School of Law, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 USA. All publications in this series reflect only the views of the authors. While the editor accepts responsibility for the selection of materials to be published, the individual author is responsible for statements of facts and expressions of opinion contained therein. Subscription is US $10.00 for 8 issues (regardless of the price of individual issues) in the United States and Canada and $12.00 for overseas. Check should be addressed to OPRSCAS and sent to Professor Hungdah Chiu.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunshine Heats up Taiwan Politics, Affects PRC Tactics
    Sunshine Heats Up Taiwan Politics, Affects PRC Tactics Alan D. Romberg In Taiwan this spring, domestic political developments attracted more attention than those on foreign fronts. The “Sunflower” student-led occupation of the Legislative Yuan (LY), continuing interparty stalemate over the cross-Strait trade in services agreement (TiSA) and LY supervision of cross-Strait negotiations, revision of the referendum law, and the fate of the 4th Nuclear Power Plant (4NPP) sparked bitter political conflict. At the same time, both major parties have begun the process of choosing new leaders. Although we do not delve into the details of all of those developments here, they are all of some consequence and are sure to have an impact not only on domestic politics but also on cross-Strait relations. On the PRC side, Xi Jinping’s policy toward Taiwan continued to attract attention, with the unification-related messaging of late 2013 giving way to an approach more appealing to Taiwan. We simply mention here but do not discuss in this essay that there have been several developments in U.S.-Taiwan relations. Most notably, a number of senior American officials visited Taiwan this spring, most important among them the Cabinet-level Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administrator. Her visit, and action by the House of Representatives to approve the sale of guided-missile frigates to Taiwan, were warmly welcomed on the island but, as expected, sharply criticized by Beijing. Protests Reshape Taiwan Politics For three weeks, from mid-March through early April, Taiwan political circles were consumed with the so-called Sunflower student-led movement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Women's Virtue Movement in Contemporary
    More than Half the Sky: The Women’s Virtue Movement in Contemporary China Zhelun Zhou Honor Defense Date: May 6, 2020 Thesis Advisor: Professor Brenton Sullivan Thesis Defense Committee: Professor Megan Abbas, Professor Monica Liu Professor Brenton Sullivan, TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ii Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 1. Literature Review 9 2. The Women’s Virtue Movement: Two Case Studies 19 3. Women’s Virtue and Tradition/Ancestors/Sages 28 4. Women’s Virtue and the Cosmic Order 43 5. Women’s Virtue, Karma, and Moral Transformation 54 6. Women’s Virtue and the Nation-State 70 Conclusion 90 Appendix 96 Bibliography 97 ii Preface I used to be a lover of tradition. During my years of primary school between 2004 and 2010, every summer I had to recite The Analects, following my father’s instruction. While it was a tough experience, as I did not fully understand the verses in the book, I remained persistent in my recitation. Back then, I thought the words of Confucius were really the words of wisdom. So, for me, reading and reciting The Analects could be a great way to achieve wisdom. I sincerely hoped that I could recite the complete Analects (twenty chapters in total) by the end of every summer vacation. Things didn’t work out. I never finished reciting the whole Analects. In fact, by the summer of 2009, I grew so tired of the sage that I procrastinated my reading and learning by rote. By the end of that summer, I hadn’t recited the whole Analects, again. But I was relieved to be done.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 26 References
    CHAPTER 26 REFERENCES Revised: October 2010 NOTE: Examples are given in the format found on records in the National Name Authority File, and not as they are shown in AACR2 (that is, as they would appear in an OPAC display). Full reference structure is not necessarily given for each example. Some references in the original script may not exist in the authority records and are supplied by editors. NOTE: When authority records were converted to pinyin by machine, the former headings were not retained when there was a likelihood that the former heading would not appear in AACR2 form: headings for personal names that consisted of a name and title, and headings for meetings and corporate bodies that included subheadings and/or titles. However, at the request of the library community, the former headings were subsequently added to all of these authority records. These former headings, which may or may not be in AACR2 form, are preceded by subfield codes $w nnea. For example: 110 1# $a China. $b Jiao yu bu. $b Guo yu tui xing wei yuan hui 410 1# $w nnea $a China. $b Chiao yü pu. $b Kuo yü t’ui hsing wei yüan hui 410 1# $a China. $b 教育部. $b 國語推行委員會 100 0# $a Song Taizong, $c Emperor of China, $d 939-997. $t Yu zhi xiao yao yong 400 0# $w nnea $a Sung T’ai-tsung, $c Emperor of China, $d 939-997. $t Yü chih hsiao yao yung 400 0# $a 宋太宗, $c Emperor of China, $d 939-997. $t 御製逍遙詠 LC rule interpretation: Reference evaluation: All cross references on authority records in the automated name authority file must eventually be in accordance with LC/AACR2 practice in matters of form, style, and choice of references.
    [Show full text]
  • China Human Rights Report 2019》
    臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 本出版品係由財團法人臺灣民主基金會負責出版。臺灣民主基金會是 一個獨立、非營利的機構，其宗旨在促進臺灣以及全球民主、人權的 研究與發展。臺灣民主基金會成立於二○○三年，是亞洲第一個國家 級民主基金會，未來基金會志在與其他民主國家合作，促進全球新一 波的民主化。 This is a publication of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy (TFD). The TFD is an independent, non-profit foundation dedicated to the study and promotion of democracy and human rights in Taiwan and abroad. Founded in 2003, the TFD is the first democracy assistance foundation established in Asia. The Foundation is committed to the vision of working together with other democracies, to advance a new wave of democratization worldwide. 本報告由臺灣民主基金會負責出版，報告內容不代表本會意見。 版權所有，非經本會事先書面同意，不得翻印、轉載及翻譯。 This report has been published by the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. Statements of fact or opinion appearing in this report do not imply endorsement by the publisher. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the publisher. 臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 《China Human Rights Report 2019》 Contents Foreword.................................................................................................... i Preface........................................................................................................ 1 The Human Rights Dialogue and Confrontation between China and the World in 2019....................................................................................... 23 Political Human Rights ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]