Summer 2018 Vol. 31 CURRENTS Covers January 1 - June 30, 2018

On the Cover Courses Advanced Security Cooperation ...... 5-6 Comprehensive Crisis Management ...... 7-8 Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Course...... 9 Transnational Security Cooperation ...... 10 Workshops & Dialogues In Defense of the Rules-Based International Order ..11-12 Maritime Shared Awareness Workshop in Bangkok .13-14 Workshop Brings Together CVE Experts in SE Asia ...15-16 DKI APCSS Hosts Indo-Pacifi c Strategy Workshop ...17-18 12th ASEAN Working Group held at DKI APCSS...... 18 Faculty publications & News Publications ...... 19 USINDOPACOM and U.S. Soft Power ...... 23-24 DKI APCSS Faculty Supports SOCPAC Workshop...... 24 Nepal’s Core Group: Esteemed, Credible & Impactful ... 25 Alumni Engagement Promotions ...... 26-27 Position Changes ...... 27-29 Retirements ...... 30 Alumni Awards and Recognition ...... 30-32 In every issue Visitors ...... 33-34 Center News ...... 3-4, 21-22, 35-36 This month’s cover encompases the new DKI APCSS’ Director Pete Gu- Course Calendar / Course Managers ...... 37 mataotao’s philosophy “Ike Pono,” a Hawaiian term for “Always Striving to do the Right Thing to the Best of Our Ability.” Read the entire pledge he Contacts ...... 38 made to Staff and Faculty on pages 21-22.

Currents magazine is an unoffi cial publication produced biannually by the Daniel K. Inouye Asia- Contact Information: Pacifi c Center for Security Studies Public Aff airs Offi ce. This publication is for DKI APCSS em- Questions or comments can be addressed by ployees, alumni, Fellows, future Fellows and friends of the Center. It is available online at www. phone (808) 971-8916 or email to pao@apcss. apcss.org. We use the Associated Press Style Guide when abbreviating ranks, regardless of org. Our mailing address is Daniel K. Inouye Asia- individual service style. Contents are not necessarily the offi cial views of, or endorsed by, the Pacifi c Center for Security Studies, Public Aff airs U.S. Government or the U.S. Department of Defense. Offi ce, 2058 Maluhia Road, Honolulu, HI 96815

1 CURRENTS Summer 2018 From the Director Focusing on the How, What and Why of DKI APCSS attribution environment. Transparency, Shriver and Principle Deputy Assis- Mutual Respect, and Inclusiveness are tant Secretary of Defense (PDASD) our standing principles. The effect I Dave Helvey. see at the end of the courses and work- While we’ve had a change here at shops I have witnessed have been truly the Center there are also other changes transformational! I see security practi- happening here in Hawaii. I’d like to tioners start the building blocks for en- take this opportunity to thank Admiral during relationships, a portal to better Harry B. Harris, Jr., Commander of understand and ultimately fostering of U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM); trust. The true value is reflected in the Admiral Scott H. Swift, Commander outcomes of this experience and what of U.S. Pacific Fleet (PACFLT); and the Fellows do with it in applying the General Terrence J. O’Shaughnessy, variety of tools that they can use to Commander of U.S. Air Forces Pa- help build or sustain stable and secure cific (PACAF) for all their support environments which hopefully lead to of the Center during their time here. loha and welcome prosperity for their people. PACOM is our mission partner so the to my first Direc- Since I’ve been here, we’ve gradu- dialogue and synergy were essential. tor’s message. Maj. ated two courses: the Comprehensive All three leaders understood the op- Gen. James Hartsell Crisis Management Course (CCM18- portunities the Center provided and and I turned over 1) and most recently the Advanced Se- even made the time to interact with the Afirst week of February and since curity Cooperation (ASC18-1) course. the Fellows during our formal courses. then it’s been a whirlwind of activities I’ve also been able to attend three We wish them Fair Winds and Follow- and information. My initial time as the workshops as well. The “Countering ing Seas. Director has been focused primarily Violent Extremism in Southeast Asia: I’d also like to welcome our in- on the “How, What, and Why” of our Recent Lessons and Urgent Priorities” coming PACOM Commander, Admi- Center and understanding the needs workshop was part of a continuing dis- ral Philip S. Davidson. He brings a of our primary stakeholders. In this cussion of how ASEAN countries can wealth of experience and talent to the journey, I have had the opportunity to share lessons learned and support each region and we look forward to sup- interact with the men and women that other to counter violent extremism. porting him as our mission partner. execute the What and How but most I also attended the “Building Mari- I will continue to post updates on importantly generate the synergy to pro- time Shared Awareness in Southeast the Center’s activities. If you are a duce actionable outcomes. I’ve gotten Asia”workshop in Bangkok (page 13). government security practitioner and/ to know and appreciate the tremendous Our “US Strategy in the Indo-Pacif- or very interested in the Indo-Pacific work that this team does on a daily ba- ic” workshop was the result of a recent region, coming to DKI APCSS is sis. Amazing! These professionals are request by the Office of the Secretary highly encouraged. Each nation in the considered exemplars of good gover- of Defense for Policy to help sponsor region is provided billets via our U.S. nance because of the way they approach the workshop at DKI APCSS to bring Embassies. We look forward to con- the wide range of tasks necessary to ac- key leaders from the region together necting with those who are focused complish our capacity building mission. to discuss proposed U.S. Indo-Pacific on ensuring peace and stability in the I am proud and humbled to be part of strategies. This 2 ½-day workshop fo- region. this team. cused on a Free and Open Indo-Pacific Yes, I’m the new director but the Strategy. We’ve done all this in close Mahalo, Center and the core of what we do here coordination with OSD’s Asian & remains the same. We work with securi- Pacific Security Affairs (APSA) – par- ty practitioners, our primary customers, ticularly with the guidance and assis- to educate, connect, and empower them. tance from APSA leadership: Assistant We give them opportunities to share Secretary of Defense (ASD) Randy and speak with great candor in a non- www.apcss.org 2 Center News Director briefed in Singapore after Workshop

and other partners. Building on these and similar successes, the IFC continues to refi ne its operation as an information sharing resource for Southeast Asia. As a result of their eff ort, Singapore and many of its neighbors can better ad- dress shared challenges including theft, armed robbery and piracy at sea (TRAPS); illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fi shing; and smuggling and traffi cking in Southeast Asian waters. Across the hall at Changi, Singapore hosts another information-sharing hub that directly supports Southeast Asian coordinated capacity to address primary security Ms. Jane Chan (RSIS), SLTC Raymond Ong (IFC), Director Gumataotao, and challenges. The Regional HADR Coordination Centre other contributors to RSIS and Singapore’s Regional HADR Coordination serves a coordinating function among global militaries Centre (RHCC) at the Information Fusion Centre (IFCP) as they rush to respond to natural disasters in the region. Following the successful conclusion of the “Building Located at the heart of the “ring of fi re,” Asia is not only Maritime Shared Awareness in Southeast Asia IV” work- the site of the most natural disasters worldwide, but it also shop in Bangkok, Thailand, DKI APCSS Director retired suff ers more casualties from disasters than any other region Rear Adm. Pete Gumataotao gladly accepted an invitation worldwide. Drawing on lessons learned from the global to visit Singapore’s Information Fusion Centre (IFC) and response to Typhoon Haiyan (2014), Singapore’s RHCC of- Regional Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response fers a coordinating clearing house for militaries seeking to (HADR) Coordination Centre (RHCC). Workshop partici- provide assistance to national disaster management organi- pant and IFC Director SLTC Raymond Ong, Republic of zations (NDMO) in the event of crisis. Complementing the Singapore Navy hosted Director Gumataotao and Professor work of the civilian- Kerry Lynn Nankivell at Changi on May 31. Accompanied centred ASEAN by distinguished academics affi liated with the Rajanara- Humanitarian tnam School of International Studies (RSIS) Maritime Assistance (AHA) Security Programme, the delegation had a thorough orien- Center in Jakarta, tation to Singapore’s eff orts to support regional capacity to the RHCC acts as address shared challenges at sea and on land. a coordination hub Established in 2008 and newly renovated in 2017, Sin- where contributing gapore’s Information Fusion Centre (IFC) acts as a regional states can coordi- information sharing hub for white shipping data as a means nate, deconfl ict or Director Gumataotao meets with IFC Director SLTC Raymond Ong. of enabling regional states’ capacities to address non-tra- harmonize military ditional challenges at sea. Southeast Asia’s waterways are aid. Amid the imme- crucial to global trade and vulnerable to disruption by non- diate chaos in the aftermath of a major natural disaster, the state actors seeking profi t. In that context, the IFC acts as RHCC off ers crucial streamlining capacity to partner states a crucial communication channel between partner states in wishing to contribute to eff ective assistance for disaster- fast-moving scenarios. In one recent example in February aff ected states. 2018, the IFC worked with the FISH-i West African Task Director Gumataotao was pleased to have the chance to Force and the Regional Maritime Fusion Centre in Mada- interact with the women and men that make the IFC and gascar to provide information and coordination to national RHCC work. In the business of security cooperation, the authorities from Tanzania, Mozambique and Indonesia, dedication and professionalism of key personnel is a key among others, to eff ect the arrest of INTERPOL-wanted success factor. As model contributors to regional peace and vessel, STS-50. STS-50 was identifi ed as an IUU-black- security, DKI APCSS will engage both Centres, as well as listed vessel wanted under a variety of ship names. After a the Government of Singapore in its in-resident programs trans-oceanic chase, STS-50 was fi nally arrested by Indo- and regional workshops. nesian authorities acting on information passed via the IFC

3 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Exceptional Employees Recognized at FEB Ceremony early 30 employees, including one de- partmental team of the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, took a break from their duties to be hon- ored Apr. 27 at the 62nd Honolulu-Pacific FederalN Executive Board Excellence in Federal Govern- ment Awards ceremony at Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam Officer’s club. These powerhouse employees were selected by their department heads and DKI APCSS leadership for their sig- nificant contributions to the mission of the Center. Regional Engagement Operations Assistant Nelly Xime- ma Williams, who was selected as the Federal Employee of the Year, (Clerical and Assistant), is at the forefront of DKI APCSS award recepients, coworkers, mentors and supporters gather an extremely robust visitor program, and it was no surprise under the Banyan tree to pose for a group photo after the ceremony. that she was nominated by her supervisor. “I’m so happy, it was fun and I’m just so happy that not trative, Technical) – Raelyn Brett, Transportation As- sistant (OA), Resource Management Department only the Center recognized the employees, but everybody  Federal Employee of the Year (Clerical and Assistant) in the Department of Defense,” said Williams. “I also en- – Ximena “Nelly” Williams, Regional Engagement joyed the part when they (her department) came to support Operations Assistant me.”  Exceptional Community Service – Massaih Ali, Man- Management and Program Analyst for the College Mas- agement and Program Analyst, College of Security saih Ali received the award for Exceptional Community Studies Service and incorporates the “service to others” philosophy  Mentor of the Year – Cmdr. Kristopher Robinson, into his daily life. He also serves as president of the “Kokua College Operations Officer, College of Security Stud- Hui,” the Center’s non-profit private organization, which ies organizes and oversees fundraising events within the Center For over 60 years, outstanding federal employees in support of the Center’s social program. working in Honolulu – Pacific Federal Executive Board “My wife and I, we actually try to help out the homeless (HPFEB) agencies have been recognized at an annual as much as we possibly can,” he said. “We will go out and awards ceremony. The ceremony is held jointly with an take them food, hygiene products, toiletries… things like EXPO, where federal benefit and other partners staff booths that. It’s something that just touches my heart all the time. to educate employees on their offerings and benefits and I hate to see kids seeking food and shelter.” corresponds to Public Service Employee Recognition Mr. Ali also helps his wife with her volunteer efforts at Week, nationally. the local Veteran’s Administration with those in hospice The HPFEB uses this event to: care by cheering up the patients with cosmetic services and  Celebrate the innovation and quality of work performed attention. by employees by honoring and presenting awards in “I’m absolutely humbled by it (being selected). I’m seven categories. thankful (DKI) APCSS takes part in recognizing their em-  Learn about other agencies’ best practices. ployees for the work they do, here and outside. We make a  Promote the excellent work of federal agencies. difference in people’s lives and that’s important.” Each awardee is recognized with a certificate by a local  Team Excellence – Information Systems Department military or government leader. Each FEB agency may nom- (ISD) – Daniel Park accepted the award on behalf of inate one candidate for each of the seven award categories his team (the Team Excellence Category typically includes multiple  Federal Supervisor of the Year – Mary R. Gokey, awardees). There is no selection board at the FEB level, se- Chief, Human Resources Department lections are prioritized at the agency level when nomina-  Federal Employee of the Year (Professional, Adminis- tions are submitted. www.apcss.org 4 Courses Common Understanding, Goals the Focus of ASC 18-1 One hundred seven Fellows gradu- ated from the Advance Security Co- operation Course (ASC) 18-1 May 2, with a newly developed common understanding of the challenges and opportunities to security in the region and enhanced networks of coopera- tion. U.S. and international Fellows from 37 locations took part in this course’s latest iteration (ASC 18-1) March 29 – May 2. The fi ve-week ASC is an executive education program enabling mid-level military and civilian leaders to deepen their understanding of the complex se- curity environment in the Indo-Pacifi c 107 Fellows from 37 locations completed the ASC 18-1. region. The ASC 18-1 curriculum off ered special,” he said. played the role of fi ve country teams 25 plenary topical discussions that The ASC course relied on a vari- to negotiate the best outcomes of a survey the regional security landscape ety of learning formats ranging from hypothetical crisis related to the South and address key regional issues such lectures to small-group discussions to China Sea dispute. Refl ecting on their as maritime security, countering vio- exercises. This combination and the experience gained from the exercise, lent extremism, HADR, economic participant-centered method enabled one Fellow said that the crisis negotia- security, and regional security archi- Fellows to learn eff ectively. tion exercise “helped in understanding tecture and 29 electives on topics like as to why a country assumes a rigid geopolitics, civil-military relations, position and how we can still focus on migration, and weapons of mass de- certain areas of common interest or of struction. mutual agreement to work on, even if Fellows from the course were ex- major issues are not addressed imme- cited about prospects of cooperation diately.” enhanced by the exercises. Participants were from Austra- “DKI APCSS provides a venue lia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, where we can build trust and confi - Canada, China, Colombia, Fiji, Ger- dence between countries based on many, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Laos, the friendships that we built in this Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, course,” said Ms. Myo Pa Pa Htun Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, from Myanmar. “In my other educational experi- Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, During a seminar discussion Fel- ences, it was always a challenge to Peru, the Philippines, Republic of lows solve complex security problems. transition from theory to exercise or Korea, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Fellow Li Fa-hu from Taiwan con- practice; however, at DKI APCSS we Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, the curred. “The most unique aspect of felt very free and open to express our United States, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. DKI APCSS is the opportunity to join views; and the transition from theory “DKI APCSS provides a dialogue and interact with representatives from to practice was very clear and done among security practitioners and so many countries; there is no other very well,” explained Navy Cmdr. learned professors from across the chance for me to have such an experi- Victor Valencia from Peru. region with interaction from an angle ence. The course encourages mutual In the capstone exercise at the I have never seen before,” concluded respect for every culture; this is very end of the course, the 107 Fellows Mr. Adeel Ahmad Khan from Pakistan.

5 CURRENTS Summer 2018 In his commencement speech, Lt. our jobs and schedules, don’t let these ticipate in a comprehensive program Col. Geajaindren Mariapan from Sin- just be memories, let this end be a of executive education, professional gapore emphasized the importance of new beginning.” exchanges and outreach events, both maintaining the connections the Fel- ASC is one of fi ve formal courses in Hawaii and throughout the Indo- lows established during the course. at DKI APCSS. The Center is a De- Pacifi c region. “We have built something spe- partment of Defense institute that Fellows participate in very intense cial,” Mariapan advised a packed au- addresses regional and global se- problem-solving exercises during a ditorium audience. “We have forged curity issues. Military and civilian seminar discussion. strong friendships and built lasting representatives, most from the United relationships. As we part ways back to States and Indo-Pacifi c nations, par-

ASC 18-1 Fellows work hard throughout the course and continue their discussions, even when on breaks. By the end of the course, they’ve developed a mutual respect and often become lifelong friends.

www.apcss.org 6 Courses CCM 18-1 concludes with 102 new Alumni

CCM 18-1 Offi cial Group Photo One hundred and two Fellows from unique about it was having people 37 locations completed the Compre- from different countries in the Pacific hensive Crisis Management course region congregate in one room and to (CCM 18-1) at the Daniel K. Inouye share thoughts on crisis management,” Asia-Pacific Center for Security Stud- explained Emi Manogi Hipa, Office ies (DKI APCSS) Feb. 15 to March of External Affairs, Niue. “Also at the 14. same time, learning about their culture Managing disasters or crises in- in your respective countries.” volves a host of government and non- CCM is five-week, annual execu- government actors, impacting popula- tive education program designed to tions that are often ethnically, politi- educate and enhance capacity among cally and culturally diverse. Moreover, security practitioners for crisis prepa- the myriad of contributing factors, ration, mitigation, response and re- trusted environment to achieve com- interconnected processes and multi- covery. The curriculum addressed prehensive learning outcomes. ministry/multi-national actors can crisis capacity by developing a strong According to a post-course survey, make planning, response and recovery foundation for critical thinking, strate- 54% of the Fellows rated their educa- actions overwhelmingly complex. gic assessments and plans, leadership, tional knowledge of comprehensive The CCM curriculum enabled communication, negotiation and other crisis management as “advanced,” up partnerships through contributions relevant skills for enhanced crisis man- from 8% from day one of the course. from Hawaii Emergency Management agement and coordination. Fellows 56% identified natural disasters or Agency (FEMA), the Central Pacific had opportunities to analyze problems, climate change as the Indo-Pacific Hurricane Center, the National Oce- explore factors that shape effective region’s top security challenge for the anic and Atmospheric Administration crisis management and develop com- next five years. (NOAA), the Joint Typhoon Warning prehensive strategies and approaches More importantly, the course Fel- Center (JTWC), the Pacific Tsunami through applied learning of best prac- lows renewed their commitment to im- Warning Center (PTWC), the Clean tices, case studies, small group discus- proving crisis and disaster manage- Islands Council, the U.S. Coast Guard, sions, exercises and an individual Fel- ment in their country or organization the Center for Excellence in Disaster low’s Project. As seasoned profession- through their Fellows’ Projects and Management, the Pacific Disaster als from multiple backgrounds, course now have access to the 11,000 strong Center, and Pacific Command J9. Fellows shared diverse expertise and DKI APCSS alumni network. “I guess what I thought was quite experiences in a participatory and 7 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Excitement brews with Fellows as they engage in a Capstone Exercise.

Above: CCM Fellows join arms in solidarity as they sing the Hawaiian song “Aloha ‘Oe” at the conclusion of the Commencement ceremony.

Left: CCM Fellows listen to ideas shared by their seminar team.

www.apcss.org 8 Courses Senior Executives join another record-breaking APOC 18-2

One hundred and seventy-one humans and one dog completed APOC 18-2. A total of 171 U.S. and international Fellows partici- week after the U.S. summit with North Korea in Singapore. pated in the Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (APOC) My hope is the curriculum and lectures provided by our out- 18-2 at the Daniel K Inouye Asia Pacific Center for Secu- standing faculty will enable the Fellows to apply what they ex- rity Studies in Honolulu. The five-day course concluded perienced here to understand the changes they on Friday, June 22, and included Fellows will continue to see in the region. Fellows from Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, In- were very impressed with the professional- dia, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, ism with which the entire Center conducts a New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Singa- course. The knowledge and networking they pore, and Taiwan. leave with will enhance their careers and U.S. APOC is designed to provide an over- National Security for decades to come.” view of regional dynamics and trends in To achieve this, the course provided a the security, economy, politics, defense, diverse group of plenary presentations and and information arenas. Faculty members electives, as well as SME-guided seminar dis- address these areas in the context of the cussions. major sub-regions: Northeast Asia, South- APOC is normally comprised mostly of east Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. U.S. Fellows, and this time was no different; According to the Course Manager LTC APOC 18-2 had a ratio of 81 percent U.S. Michael Burgoyne, “APOC 18-2 was a lot and 19 percent international. The Fellows of fun, and it occurred in the context of were predominately military with 60 percent a rapidly changing security environment—literally one military and 40 percent government civilians. With 36 percent female, this is the highest ratio of male-female for this particu- lar course. For the first time, APOC included a senior seminar, com- prised primarily of U.S. and international Flag Officers and Senior Executive Service personnel. APOC is one of six formal courses at DKI APCSS that fol- low a model of participant-centered learning. The center is a Department of Defense institute that ad- dresses regional and global security issues. Military and civil- ian representatives, most from the United States and Indo-Pa- cific nations, participate in a comprehensive program of ex- Director Gumataotao poses for a photo with Fellow Zachary Schneidt af- ecutive education, professional exchanges and outreach events, ter presenting his therapy dog “Lu” with a Golden Lanyard for completing the course. both in Hawaii and throughout the Indo-Pacific region.

9 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Gaming simulations highlight TSC 18-1 Twenty-fi ve senior leaders from twenty-four locations participated in the Transnational Security Coopera- tion course (TSC 18-1) from May 20 – 25 at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pa- cifi c Center for Security Studies (DKI APCSS). The course manager for this itera- tion of TSC was Navy Cmdr. Jonathan Odom and the Course Coordinator was Lt. Col. Alex Bortado. The course is off ered twice a year to senior security practitioners from the whole-of-government and society at the vice-minister, ambassador, and senior military offi cer (one- to four- Twenty-fi ve senior leaders from 24 locations, including DKI APCSS Director retired Rear Adm. Peter A. star rank) level. It aims to enhance Gumataotao completed TSC 18-1. awareness of transnational security is- kept these senior leaders from around and development challenges that are sues within the complex environments the Indo-Pacifi c region engaged in a faced by the countries of the region,” they occur; explore collaborative poli- shared learning experience throughout added Amb. Kunzang Namgyel, of cies to address transnational security the week. Bhutan, and EC 03-1 Alumnus. “The challenges; identify opportunities to “I’m learning a lot of new things professors and academic staff here do strengthen states’ capacities; and pro- because of the perspectives of other a whole lot of analysis on the contem- mote eff ective security governance. Fellows,” explained Philippines Maj. porary issues facing the Indo-Pacifi c TSC 18-1 examined the nexus be- Gen. Restituto Padilla, an AP-01 region, and how we can come to an tween traditional and non-traditional Alumnus. “Besides this, there are very understanding on how to solve many elements of security to highlight the interesting and very thought-provok- of these issues. Exchange of these ex- importance of a broader understanding ing discussions that have begun during periences, which is most valuable, is of security. The blended approach of the sessions, which are clearly very sometimes an insight into the critical plenary lectures, elective presentations important for security practitioners issues that face the Indo-Pacifi c region and an interactive gaming simulation like me that could help in the drafting nd relevant to all of our countries.” of policy for my TSC is one of fi ve formal courses country and en- at DKI APCSS. gagements in the region.” Another par- ticipant in the TSC had a simi- lar perspective on the course. “What is unique about the courses that the DKI APCSS conducts, is that you talk Director Gumataotao celebrates after receiving his certifi cate of completion for TSC 18-1. about security www.apcss.org 10 WORKSHOPS In Defense of the Rules-Based International Order Refl ections from the annual Shangri-La Dialogue

by Kerry Lynn Nankivell Defense of the Rules-Based Inter- national Order (RBIO) is shaping up to be the leitmotif of 2018. At the (SLD), the region’s premier Track 1.5 defense and security dialogue, preoccupation with adherence to rules, laws and norms, and the regional order to which they give rise, was a theme that ap- peared in nearly every official speech. From the opening keynote compelling- ly delivered by India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, to U.S. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis’ opening remarks and Singapore Minister of Defence Ng’s closing thoughts, it seemed clear DKI APCSS Director retired Rear Adm. Peter A. Gumataotao and Prof. Kerry Lynn Nankivell were in the that the region’s residents – large and audience as the keynote address was presented. small – are preoccupied with increas- ing uncertainty about the stability of Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), as of reality while two armies of plumb- the long-held rules of the road that well as three United Nations Security ers on either side of the Pacific work have underpinned regional prosperity Council Resolutions since 2017 have furiously to get the heat back on. and stability for decades. failed to deter North Korea’s steady The international rules-based or- Profound uncertainty pervades march to nuclear capability. In fact, der is also under visible strain in the three major regional issues. The first decades of diplomatic frustrations global maritime commons, but par- is nuclear non-proliferation and the seem only to have led to the undeni- ticularly in the South China Sea. Since Korean peninsula. Defense Ministers able nuclearization of the Korean pen- April 2018, China has deployed anti- Song (ROK) and Onodera (Japan) insula (the Kim regime has successful- ship missiles to the disputed Spratly understandably made this issue the ly undertaken three nuclear tests and Islands, landed a strategic bomber on theme of their Woody Island in SLD18 remarks, and the disputed Para- supported by Min- "U.S. SECRETARY MATTIS AVERRED THAT ‘THERE ARE CONSE- cel Islands, and isters from Canada, QUENCES’ FOR IGNORING THE RULES, AND THAT CHINA’S RE- conducted a live- France, the U.S. CENT ‘DISINVITATION’ TO THE ANNUAL RIM OF THE PACIFIC fire exercise inside the waters of its and U.K. expressed EXERCISE IS ONLY ONE SMALL ONE." their commitment infamous nine- to pursue Complete, dashed line claim, Verifiable, Irreversible Denucleariza- many more missile tests since 2015). despite the fact that it was invalidated tion (CVID) through negotiations with It is little wonder that this year’s secu- by an internationally-recognized Arbi- the Democratic People’s Republic of rity summit included a palpable sense tral Award ruling in June 2016. Open- Korea (DPRK). Nearly all speakers of cynicism about the power of trea- ing the Shangri-La Dialogue, U.S. acknowledged the failures of past ne- ties, negotiations or even face-to-face Secretary of Defense Mattis plainly gotiations, in which agreements were diplomacy to bind parties to the basic called out Chinese behavior as a bla- struck even as parties neglected to im- rules of good conduct. With few con- tant use of military power for the in- plement the provisions to which they sequences for bad behavior, but even timidation and coercion of her smaller had agreed. Moreover, international fewer alternatives to negotiation, many neighbors. Moreover, he correctly not- instruments including the Nuclear of us will do as French Minister Parly ed that the nine-dashed line “does not recommends: endure the cold shower exist,” having been evaluated and dis- 11 CURRENTS Summer 2018 missed in an international legal ruling. tary Mattis averred that “there are con- cultural effects, and suspicious that Prime Minister Modi adopted a mari- sequences” for ignoring the rules, and international trade has benefited some time theme for his keynote remarks, that China’s recent “disinvitation” to more than others. As in the other two and without singling out Chinese the annual Rim of the Pacific Exercise issue areas, the weakened confidence behavior, reminded the audience of the is only one small one. But questions in established rules, norms and laws importance of international law and from the audience and sidebar com- of international behavior leaves policy respect for dispute resolution mecha- mentary remain frustratingly stymied makers with few options in charting nisms, as well as the sanctity of sov- on the question of what feasible op- the way ahead. Dissatisfied with the ereignty and territorial integrity to the tions are available to those that seek to rule set of the past, the world’s leaders regional order. Ministers and Chiefs defend the rules-based order at sea. are standing in an unfamiliar transition of Defense from Australia, Canada, Last, and to a much lesser extent, zone without a clear vision of what Japan, Germany, France and the U.K. various senior speakers in Singapore lies ahead. shone a light on Chinese behavior to expressed doubts about the health of Despite much uncertainty, this greater or lesser extents, defending the the rules-based order underpinning year’s Shangri La Dialogue did under- principle of freedom of navigation as a economic trade and investment. While score a nearly-unanimous support for cornerstone of the international order. one U.S. Senator highlighted “preda- the regional architecture of security But despite the growing unanimity of tory economics” that offer a “hand out, cooperation, of which the SLD is an support for UNCLOS and the rules not a hand up,” India’s Prime Minister integral part. Nearly every speaker re- and norms that it codifies, there is Modi warned of increasing protection- iterated her or his recognition of ASE- much hesitation and uncertainty about ism and nations “plagued under im- AN’s centrality to the regional security what can be done in the face of deter- possible debt,” Speaking more plainly order, alongside an alphabet soup mined and repeated violations of the than most, Singapore’s Minister Ng of mechanisms, forums, regularized rules by powerful states. U.S. Secre- unapologetically equated the White exercises and activities. Continued House’s unilateral imposition of large- engagement via these and other, less scale steel and aluminum tar- formal mechanisms, including educa- iffs to Chinese unilateral mili- tion and training programs like those tary action in the South China offered by DKI APCSS, will become Sea. Softening support for the increasingly important as we seek to existing international agree- shore up the international rules-based ments on free trade was also order. Only dialogue and mutual called out as a troubling trend understanding will help us to build by those Ministers coping with Modi’s “free, open and inclusive” re- the day-to-day reality of ter- gional order. Secretary Mattis stated in rorism and returning fighters, his remarks that “years from now, we including Ministers Lorenzana will be judged on whether or not we (Philippines), Ryamizard (In- successfully integrated new powers to donesia) and Attiyah (Oman). our existing order.” If we are to meet Oman’s Dr. Attiyah persua- that challenge, we’ll need to redouble sively noted that terrorism our efforts to understand and engage has “no root cause,” but also with one another. “We will sail forth,” stressed that comprehensive as French Minister Parly declared, not investment and development in spite of uncertainty but because our needs to be a strong thread in willingness to move forward together, any successful, multi-layered cautious but optimistic, committed counter-terrorism policy. This to cooperative outcomes, is the best is a difficult reality at a time foundation for a more stable Director Gumataotao and Kerry Nankivell are captured on a when domestic publics in Indo-Pacific. monitor during the dialogues. many countries seem weary Related: See “Refl ections” con- of globalization and its socio- tinued on page 37

www.apcss.org 12 WORKSHOPS Maritime Shared Awareness the focus of DKI APCSS workshop held in Bangkok learned; and participation in several tabletop exercises. “This workshop is about maritime shared awareness, which is a capabili- ty that the region needs. As for Brunei, we very much welcome this initiative from the U.S. Government, we think it’s a very useful workshop,” said Haji Adi Ihram Mahmud, Director, Direc- torate of Defence Policy, Brunei Min- istry of Defense. “[It] is a good exam- ple of how important the U.S.-ASEAN relations are and how excellent the state of cooperation and relationships are with U.S. and ASEAN.” As a result of this workshop, par- ticipants:  Agreed on information sharing protocols for regional informa- tion-sharing agreements in devel- opment among ASEAN member states, including suitable tools The 51 participants came from 12 countries plus ASEAN nations (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, for operationalization; Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam).  Identified opportunities to lever- age existing operations, exercises U.S. President Donald Trump and security practitioners, and subject mat- and training support expanded Secretary of Defense General James ter experts. Several observers from the regional MDA; and; Mattis offered increased US-ASEAN ASEAN Secretariat, the United States,  Identified available tools to build cooperation to build maritime domain and India also attended the workshop. regional MDA suited to all stake- awareness to address common threats Workshop academic lead Profes- holders’ needs and organizational to regional security at the East Asia sor Kerry Lynn Nankivell stated that, structures in support of an agreed Summit and Association of Southeast “this workshop invited participants information-sharing protocol. Asian Nations (ASEAN) Defense to develop recommendations for in-  Introduce and utilize the Non- Ministers’ Meeting-Plus in late 2017. formation-sharing protocols and tools Classified Enclave (NCE) and In support of this commitment, the to support developing information- compatible applications to stimu- Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center sharing agreements between ASEAN late discussion on optimal proto- for Security Studies hosted a four-day member states. These recommenda- col and supporting requirements. workshop on, “Building Maritime tions may form the basis for US sup- “The workshop has validated many Shared Awareness in Southeast Asia” port to regional policies and opera- of the points that were debated in in Bangkok, Thailand, May 14-17. tional goals, through engagement with previous ones held in Hawaii.” stated The more than 51 participants came established ASEAN forums.” Jesse Pascasio, Director of Strategic from 12 countries plus ASEAN nations Subject matter experts attending Planning and Communications for (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, the workshop reported on: contem- the Philippines National Coast Watch Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sin- porary developments in information- Council Secretariat. “First and fore- gapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). At- sharing and coordinated operations; most there is a behavior aspect of in- tendees included senior policy makers, recently developed tools and lessons formation sharing that is a cornerstone

13 CURRENTS Summer 2018 for any successful information-sharing that enables successful ASEAN maritime cooperation to build arrangement such as the one we have information-sharing.” maritime security in the Indo-Pacific in Singapore, and the one shown to us This was the fourth in a series region. Charting the way forward in by Thai (Maritime Enforcement Coor- of workshops on Maritime Shared building shared maritime domain dination Center). Awareness hosted by DKI APCSS. awareness requires a multilateral ef- He further stated that, “the act of This iteration focused on advancing fort with persistent dialogue, transpar- this successful information sharing regional efforts to build a Recognized ency and cooperation. Through this that was conducted in these organiza- Maritime Picture (RMP) for Southeast collaborative effort in MSA Workshop tions was built because of the relation- Asia. 4, Southeast Asian partners have start- ships of the liaison officers, members According to DKI APCSS Director ed to identify a viable framework for of different agencies and between offi- Pete Gumataotao, “This workshop se- increasing maritime shared awareness. cials of different countries. I think that ries supports the US government’s en- DKI APCSS is honored to be part of is a key driver for further discussion during commitment to increase U.S. – this long-term effort.”

Above: Director Gumataotao comments during the plenary. Top: Participants work to solve a problem during a breakout session. Top right: Academic Lead Prof. Kerry Nankivell makes anouncements dur- ing the workshop. Right: Participants introduce themselves at the beginning of the workshop.

www.apcss.org 14 WORKSHOPS Workshop brings together CVE experts in SE Asia “Countering find more ways of com- Violent Extremism bating them. This 4-day in Southeast Asia” workshop is a dem- was the focus of a onstration that we are workshop held in ready to fight as they Manila, March 13- seek to challenge our 16. Hosted by the shared balance of peace Daniel K. Inouye and justice and human Asia-Pacific Center dignity,” said Philip- for Security Stud- pine National Defense ies, the National Secretary Delfin N. Lo- Defense College of renzana during opening the Philippines, and remarks. the Anti-Terrorism U.S. Ambassador to Council of the the Philippines Sung Philippines, the Y. Kim also provided four and a half day opening remarks stating “Countering Violent Extremism in Southeast Asia” brought together 61 security practitioners workshop brought that, “The true strategy including military, police, and civilian government offi cials, and experts from international or- for dealing with violent together 61 security ganizations, regional think tanks, and academia. practitioners includ- extremism is to prevent ing military, police, and civilian government officials, and the next crisis by focusing on the underlying issues that experts from international organizations, regional think give rise to the violent extremism in the first place.” tanks, and academia. According to DKI APCSS director, retired Rear Ad- “Extremist groups continue to disrupt the normalcy of miral Pete Gumataotao, “This is one of several workshops daily lives throughout the world. The continued spread of DKI APCSS has hosted on Countering Violent Extremism terrorism and the extremist groups evolving strategies are and is a clear indicator of our commitment to work with all all the more reasons why we should brace ourselves and of the countries in this region on this important issue.” Last year DKI APCSS hosted a workshop that identified gaps in how we cooperate on this issue and the participants recommended a continuation of this important dialogue among Southeast Asian nations. In this work- shop, participants discussed key regional and international trends and lessons learned from case studies of recent violent extremist activi- ties. “One of our goals is to enhance under- standing among participants of the opportuni- ties for strengthening collaborative regional actions to address extremist networks and connections, and the next steps necessary to accomplish these,” said academic lead, Dr. Alfred Oehlers. “Ultimately, our goal is to help build (l-r) Attorney Florentino Manalastas Jr. (ATC), DKI APCSS Director Pete Gumataotao, U.S. Am- common perspectives and enhance all of our bassador Sung Y. Kim, and Philippine Secretary of National Defense Delfi n Loranzana. capabilities in dealing with Transnational Se- curity Threats,” he said. “We use events such as this workshop and our resident courses in 15 CURRENTS Summer 2018 among government, religious and non-governmental organizations against violent extremist networks.  Strengthening counter narratives against violent ex- tremist groups.  Promoting shared regional capacity building for offi- cials in countering violent extremism.  Strengthening education as a tool of moderation (e.g., through government regulation, curriculum develop- ment, etc.)  “We are at a cross-roads and we don’t know what to do because we’ve been looking at this for so long…” said workshop participant Bilveer Singh; pleasantly…sur- prisingly….all of us were here in a quest for answers. I think the one thing we discovered was we need a net- U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and work of nations to fight this.” Combatting Terrorism Andrew Knaggs spoke at the workshop. Singh, a professor at the National University of Sin- gapore, further stated that, “The most valuable thing we Honolulu, Hawaii, to help build and strengthen professional learned … [is] we need a very, very superior, powerful, networks and expand existing cooperative relationships.” universal counter-narrative to defeat them (extremists) oth- Workshop participants came from 13 countries includ- erwise we’ll never win this war. So it is focused on intellect ing: nine of ten ASEAN countries (Brunei, Indonesia, and heart…head–heart…in order to destroy what is going Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thai- on out there. I think the take-away from here is that we land, and Viet- all need to go back nam) as well as and start focusing on Australia, Ban- "IT IS IMPORTANT FOR US TO WORK NOT JUST the counter-narrative gladesh, New which is acceptable to Zealand and the BILATERALLY BUT WITH ALL OUR NEIGHBORS. WE ARE all. We get it…we’ll United States. COMMITTED TO WORKING TOGETHER." win the war.” “It is impor- For more photos, go tant for us to to our Facebook page work not just bilaterally but with all our neighbors. We are at: https://www.facebook.com/pg/DKIAPCSS/ all committed to working together. This workshop helps photos/?tab=album&album_id=10156108757353913 build our relationships and our capacity for dealing with complex transnational issues such as violent extremism,” said Gumataotao. In deliberations, participants identified eight broad priori- ties in strengthening regional collaboration against violent extremist networking. As ranked in an anonymous polling exercise, these were:  Enhancing regional mechanisms to address violent ex- tremist threats and networking (particularly ASEAN- related mechanisms).  Strengthening information and intelligence sharing on vulnerabilities, radicalization pathways, and best prac- tices against violent extremist networking.  Promoting interfaith dialogues to strengthen commu- nity trust, understanding and tolerance.  Promoting regional academic and research cooperation in violent extremist network analysis to overcome in- formation sharing barriers. Maj. Gen. Restituto Padilla (APOC12-1) provides an overview of the  Strengthening cooperative working relationships Marawi siege in the Philippines. www.apcss.org 16 WORKSHOPS DKI APCSS hosts Indo-Pacifi c Strategy Workshop Discussing the of sovereignty, respect principles for a free for individual rights, and open Indo-Pacific and the rule of law.” region formed the basis Deputy Assistant of a high-level work- Secretary Alex Wong shop on “U.S. Strategy reiterated the U.S.’s in the Indo-Pacific.” commitment in the The workshop provided region with “five a platform for informal treaty allies and strong discussion between military partnerships senior leaders in the in the region, the con- region and senior U.S. struct is unlike any administration officials other in the history of involved in developing the world. We give the Indo-Pacific strate- more aid and direct gy, which complements foreign investment in the U.S. National Se- the Indo-Pacific than curity Strategy and the any other nation; we U.S. National Defense are the number one Thirty-seven defense, diplomatic, and national security offi cials from 24 governments par- Strategy. ticipated in the “U.S. Strategy in the Indo-Pacifi c” workshop conducted at the Daniel K. trading partner, and The two-and-a-half- Inouye Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies. we are the number one day workshop was Our workshops are uniquely suited to economic partner.” designed in concert with the Office facilitate this essential discussion in an Deputy Assistant Secretary of De- of the Assistant Secretary of Defense atmosphere of trust and candor. ” fense for South and Southeast Asia, for Asian and Pacific Security Affairs Other senior U.S. speakers included Dr. Joseph Felter, reiterated the goal to and held at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia- Matt Pottinger, Deputy Assistant to “strengthen alliances and attract new Pacific Center for Security Studies in the President and Senior Director for partners.” Hawaii, April 4-6. It brought together Asian Affairs of National Security According to DKI APCSS Director 37 participants from 24 governments. Council; Alex Wong, Deputy Assistant retired Rear Admiral Pete Gumataotao, International participants included Secretary, Bureau of East Asian and “This was the first opportunity for defense, foreign affairs and national Pacific Affairs of the Department of senior U.S. officials from NSC, DOS, security agency officials at the minis- State; and, Dr. terial, cabinet secretary and undersec- Joseph Felter, retary level. U.S. participants were Deputy Assis- from the National Security Council, tant Secretary Department of Defense, Department of of Defense State, and the U.S. Pacific Command. for South and Under Secretary of Defense Southeast (Policy) John Rood provided opening Asia. comments from Washington, D.C., and Pottinger emphasized the desire to uphold rules shared the based on international order. U.S. vision According to workshop academic for the re- lead, Dr. Lori Forman, “The goal of gion with a regional cooperation based on a com- desire to see mon set of principles requires partici- “countries Dr. Ashley Tellis, Tata Chair for Strategic Affairs and Senior Fellow from the Carnegie pants to not only hear from speakers, upholding Endowment for International Peace, launched the workshop with remarks providing but to also engage with each other. the sanctity the historical context of U.S. engagement in the Indo-Pacifi c. 17 CURRENTS Summer 2018 12th ASEAN Working Group held at DKI APCSS

Above: Dr. Joseph Felter, Deputy Assistant Sec- retary of Defense for South and Southeast Asia provides opening remarks at the beginning of the workshop. Above right: DKI APCSS Director Gumataotao closes out the workshop and thanks everyone for their participation. and DOD to elaborate on the Indo-Pa- cific strategy with regional leaders and solicit their comments and reactions on content and implementation.” The second day of the workshop included a rich discussion on the prin- ciples of a free and open Indo-Pacific. Participants provided valuable feed- back on this approach and indicated Seventy participants from 17 nations attended the 12th ASEAN De- key principles which align with their fence Minister’s Meeting Plus Experts’ Working Group on Humanitar- countries’ values. ian Assistance and Disaster Relief in Honolulu Jan. 21 - Feb. 2. The last workshop that addressed Admiral Harry Harris, Jr., Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, pro- U.S. strategy in 2012 was focused on vided opening remarks at this second meeting co-hosted by Malaysia the rebalance strategy, which was an- and the United States at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for nounced earlier that year. Forman Security Studies. The meeting included one and a half days of formal served as the lead for that workshop sessions and a day of information meetings. Attending the meeting were and credits successful outcomes this representatives from nine ASEAN countries and eight “plus’ countries year to a strong team and building on including the United States, Australia, Japan, India, Russia, China, New the lessons learned from the 2012 ef- Zealand and the Republic of Korea. fort. A key similarity this year was us- The meetings focused on improving civil-military coordination ing sub regional and functional break- mechanisms during HADR Operations. out groups to gather insightsg from dif- For photos of this workshop, go to our Facebook page at ferent perspectives. http://www.facebook.com/dki-apcss

www.apcss.org 18 Faculty Publications and News

DKI APCSS faculty members wrote the following articles and papers in their North Korean capacity as subject matter experts. The views expressed in these articles are Nuclear Crisis” in those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Department Military Power Re- of Defense or the U.S. Government. All listed writings are available online at http://www.apcss.org. vue; and “La políti- ca hacia Corea del Norte” in Military “One Belt One to promote peace and stability” Review. Road: Dimensions, published in Indo Asia Pacifi c Defense Detours, Fissures Forum Dr. Christopher C. and Fault Lines” Harmon has fi nished a is the title of an arti- Assoc. Prof. Elina fi fth book on terrorism cle published by DKI Noor, a new fac- and counterterrorism. APCSS Professor ulty member at DKI In January 2018 he Dr. Mohan Malik in APCSS, published an released “The Terror- The American Interest. Dr. Malik also OpEd entitled “ASE- ist Argument: Modern wrote an article published in Asian AN and Cyber.” Advocacy & Propaganda,” co-au- Affairs entitled “Caught in a Tug- thored with Randall Bowdish, PhD. of-war” and another published on the Macdonald-Laurier Institute website Dr. Bill Wieninger Faculty News entitled “The China-India Nautical recently co-authored Games in the Indian Ocean.” an OpEd on N. Korea with Rep. Ted Lieu Dr. Mohan Malik participated in a symposium Mar. 1 in Ottawa on “The Rise of the entitled: “President “Friends and Allies: Openness, Small Boats” defi nes Trump’s Threats Freedom and the Rule of Law in the how terrorists use the Against North Ko- Indo-Pacific,” organized by MacDon- sea in the latest rea Put the World ald Laurier Institute, Canada. analytical report by in Danger.” The OpEd was published Lt. Col. Alex Carter, in the Ideas section of Time maga- Dr. Alex Vuv- U.S. Army, and DKI zine’s website. ing attended a a APCSS alumnus workshop in Japan Captain Damian Fernando, Sri Lankan “Forthcoming Asia Mar. 2 to conduct Navy. Strategy Should Avoid Second-hand- a presentation on “Security in Asia Dr. Miemie Winn ed Pitfalls” and the United Byrd has written is a new OpEd States Pacifi c an analytical report published by DKI Command,” which examined the role entitled “The Secu- APCSS military pro- of USPACOM in generating U.S. soft rity Risks of Rising fessor and U.S. Marine Corp Lt. Col. power, an aspect that is poorly under- Inequality,” about Scott D. McDonald. McDonald states stood even in America. the rising eff ects of that “whether discussing military tac- income equality. tics and strategy, economic policy, or diplomacy, the narrative in the United Dr Virginia Bacay External Publications States is one of reaction and counter- Watson delivered a ing a powerful and leading PRC.” talk on “Regional Prof. David Shanahan Security Architec- had an article entitled Senior Military Professor Col. James ture (RSA)” during “Security Innova- M. Minnich recently published three a roundtable discus- tion: Enhanced gov- articles entitled “North Korea Solu- sion at the National ernance of emerging tion: Changed Regime,” “Changed Defense College of technologies needed Regime: A Policy to Resolve the the Philippines (NDCP) on February 1.

19 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Oehlers mentors at ACMC Dr. Yamin attends conference on WPS At the invitation of the Australian Dr. Saira Yamin attended a conference on Women, Peace Civil-Military Centre (ACMC), Dr. and Security (WPS) at Brown University in Providence, Alfred Oehlers was a Senior Mentor in Rhode Island from May 31- June 1, 2018. The conference a one-week residential Civil-Military- was a joint endeavor by the Naval War College and the Wat- Police Interaction Workshop (CMPIW) son Institute of International and Public Affairs. The event from May 6-11 at the Australian Insti- brought together a diversity of civil and military security tute of Police Management in Sydney, professionals, academics, social scientists, think tanks, and Australia. international humanitarian organizations. The discussions ACMC is a defense administered, explored the relevance of the gender perspective on topics as wide-ranging as whole-of-government organization, leadership and organizational structures, terrorism and cyber security, mari- tasked with supporting agencies to de- time security, foreign and public policy formulation among others. velop more effective integrated civilian International perspectives from countries as far and wide as Japan and Ja- and military capabilities to prevent, maica, Chile and Uruguay, Tonga and Tajikistan brought a number of global prepare for and respond to conflicts and disasters overseas. good practices to the fore. Dr. Yamin presented the DKI APCSS executive With a thematic focus on “Transi- education model focusing on the integration of WPS into its security studies tion to Rule of Law,” CMPIW 2018 curricula for civil and military practitioners on the Indo-Pacific region. sought to promote stronger civil- military-police understanding and Faculty visits ASEAN AHA Centre engagement, and improve networks Dr. Justin Nankivell, Dr. Deon across government, non-government Canyon and Associate Professor and international counterparts. A total Benjamin Ryan visited the ASEAN of 66 participants from Australia, New Coordination Centre for Humani- Zealand, the Philippines, United States tarian Assistance (AHA Centre) in and United Nations attended, compris- Jakarta, Indonesia Apr. 16. ing military, police, civilian and non- The visit included a tour of governmental personnel (e.g. the Red the facility and discussions about Cross and Medecins Sans Frontieres) future collaboration opportuni- working in areas related to conflict, ties with Ms. Adelina Kamal, Executive Director, Mr. Arnel Capili, Director of stabilization and peacekeeping opera- Operations, Ms. Nita Ryarti, Programme Coordinator, Mr. Mizan Bisri, Disaster tions. and Monitoring Analysis Officer and Ms. Ferosa, Programme Assistant. The Key insights from discussions in- AHA Centre facilitates cooperation and coordination among ASEAN Member cluded the differing conceptions of States and with the United Nations and international organizations, including what “transitions” and the “rule of the security sector, for disaster management and emergency response across the law” may imply in conflict, stabiliza- region. tion and peacekeeping operations. Par- The DKI APCSS faculty members said they were delighted to assist the AHA ticipants emphasized a need to ground Centre, upon their request for assistance, in providing in-house delivery of an these terms in specific cultural, social, executive program (ACE Programme). The ACE Programme prepares future economic and political contexts, and leaders of disaster management in ASEAN by developing the skills and compe- highlighted the contrasts between civil- tencies required for future disaster management and emergency response chal- ian, police, military and non-govern- lenges. It requires the participants to commit to a six-month training program mental perspectives. While progress in covering various disaster management and leadership topics. This includes reconciling these perspectives were working at the AHA Centre, training courses, workshops and comparative stud- acknowledged, participants encouraged ies to disaster-affected areas in Indonesia, Japan and New Zealand. DKI APCSS continued sensitivity to such differ- professors will assist in teaching and facilitating a model focused on the areas ences, and stronger commitments to complexity, causation, analytical assessment, crisis management and crisis lead- communication, transparency, and in- ership, and vulnerable populations. clusion to guide interactions in the future. www.apcss.org 20 Ike Pono

Director Gumataotao makes a pledge to staff & faculty

21 CURRENTS Summer 2018 “DO“DO THETHE RIGHTRIGHT THING...”THING...”

www.apcss.org 22 Faculty Publications and News USINDOPACOM and U. S. Soft Power

by Alexander L. Vuving For 70 years, the U. S. Indo-Pacific Command (USIN- DOPACOM) has been a key security player in the Indo- Pacific region, but there is little public awareness of its role in the regional security environment. This lacuna has motivated a group of Japanese researchers, spearheaded by Professor Motohiro Tsuchiya and Ms. Mizuho Kajiwara of Keio University Global Research Institute (KGRI), to do something to change it. Between January 2015 and August 2016, with a Fulbright Fellowship, Ms. Kajiwara worked at DKI APCSS as a visiting academic, writing a book Dr. Alex Vuving (2nd from right) participates in a panel session at a U. S. on USINDOPACOM. Her book, entitled “United States Indo-Pacifi c Command workshop. Vuving is also the Course Manager for Pacific Command: Japan-U.S. Defense Interoperability— the Advanced Security Cooperation course at DKI APCSS. The Core of the World’s Strongest Alliance,” was the first and counter-terrorism. But the effects are mixed when it book in Japanese fully dedicated to telling a story about comes to dealing with China’s rising power, particularly in USINDOPACOM. It will be followed by a volume edited freedom of navigation operations (FONOPS) and what I by Prof. Tsuchiya. Part of this project was a symposium would call “freedom from domination” operations. organized by KGRI on “Security in Asia and the United How does soft power work? It works through the States Pacific Command,” which I attended on March 2 signaling and perception of positive agential qualities, or this year. My presentation to the symposium examined the virtues. Your activities signal your virtue, which is per- role of USINDOPACOM in generating U.S. soft ceived positively by an audience. The audience power, an aspect that is poorly understood even in then responds positively, thereby enhancing your America. influence. If you show competence and help others, The military is usually thought of as a hard they may respect you, strengthen their relationship power instrument, but what USINDOPACOM with you, and help you back. If you demonstrate does has significant implications for American commitment to a shared value, identity, belief, or soft power in the region. Soft power should not aspiration, an audience that shares the same value, be confused with the power of soft things such identity, belief, or aspiration may respect you and as information, ideas and other intangibles; it is seek or strengthen relationship with you. It may more than the appeal of a sophisticated culture also increase its own commitment to the same and not the same as non-military power. I define value, identity, belief, or aspiration. soft power as the ability to influence people through the This virtuous circle of soft power has worked well with attraction of virtues such as kindness, competence, and USINDOPACOM’s disaster relief and counter-terrorism commitment to a common cause. Virtues can be seen in operations, most notably those related to the 2004/2005 information and ideas, but most importantly they manifest tsunami in Indonesia, Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in in actions and achievements. 2013, and the Battle of Marawi in 2017 in the Philippines. When I looked back at USINDOPACOM’s activities in They massively boosted the popularity of the United States the last 20 years, I found that it has produced as much if not among the local and regional population. U.S. assistance even more soft, attractive power than hard, coercive power. in fighting terrorists in Marawi has effectively muted In fact, USINDOPACOM is a major instrument of U.S. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s anti-American soft power in the Indo-Pacific region. This is because its rhetoric. U.S. action in disaster relief and counter-terrorism activities signal to regional audiences America’s kindness, produced the perception of generosity, professionalism, competence, and commitment to the values and causes effectiveness, and commitment. In turn, they caused the the United States shares with many other countries in the local audience to heighten their respect and friendship with region. In the last 20 years, these activities have yielded the United States as well as their commitment to the same significant success in dealing with security challenges that causes. do not involve a great power, most notably in disaster relief The spotlight shows a different picture when it turns 23 CURRENTS Summer 2018 to U.S. soft power emanating from USINDOPACOM’s Dr. Yamin and Cmdr. Nguyen activities in the South China Sea. In the last decade, there have been several incidents that tested U.S. competence Support SOCPAC Workshop and commitment. Most notably, these include the Scar- Dr. Saira Yamin and borough Shoal standoff of 2012, the Second Thomas CDR Tuan Nguyen sup- Shoal standoff of 2013, the HD-981 oil rig crisis of 2014, ported the Cooperation China’s artificial island building from 2013 to 2016, and Against Transnational the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s ruling in 2016. What Threats (CATT 18) did USINDOPACOM do with regard to these events? Most workshop organized by of its activities were focused on FONOPS and they clearly the United States Special demonstrated U.S. commitment to freedom of naviga- Operations Command of Dr. Saira Yamin and Cmdr. Tuan Nguyen tion. In response to U.S. commitment, several regional and the Pacific (SOCPAC) in lead a discussion at CATT 18. maritime nations have increased their own commitment to Cebu, Philippines, April freedom of the sea. Vietnam, for example, has shifted its 16-27, 2018. The event was hosted in partnership with the position regarding freedom of navigation closer to that of Armed Forces of the Philippines Joint Special Operations the United States. Australia, Britain, and France have an- Command. The workshop is a prominent effort by the nounced they would send warships to the South China Sea USSOCPAC to advance a shared understanding for en- to defend freedom of navigation. hanced collaboration and coordination in regional counter- However, what is at stake in the South China Sea is terrorism operations. It has been held annually since 2013 more than just freedom of navigation. China’s massive is- at various locations. CATT 18 was the fifth iteration of the land building, its creeping militarization of the islands, and program, bringing together forty six military and civilian its expansion of military and paramilitary forces in the sea security practitioners from 19 nations. The program is sup- suggest that it aims to dominate the region. Regional coun- ported by the US Pacific Command’s Indo-Pacific Regional tries are looking at the United States for “freedom from Initiative (APRI) and OSD’s CTFP (Counter-Terrorism Fel- domination” operations, activities that clearly challenge lowship Program). China’s creeping domination of the South China Sea and Dr. Saira Yamin set the tone for the discussion by pro- effectively resist Beijing’s coercion of others. But they do viding the participants a big picture of transnational threats so in vain. The lack of U.S. actions that demonstrate clearly in the Indo-Pacific region, focusing on structural and sys- U.S. commitment to freedom from domination in the South temic causes and enablers of terrorism. Subsequently, she China Sea has produced the regional perception that the gave a presentation on negotiation as a strategic compo- United States lacks resolve to counter China’s domination. nent of a comprehensive counter-terrorism strategy. CDR This perception in turn caused regional states to be ambiva- Nguyen and Dr. Yamin facilitated breakout group discus- lent about America’s role and commitment in the region. As sions on a range of topics including countering violent a result, most states are hedging their bets, investing much extremism, building a common planning framework for co- of their energy and capital into options that do not count on ordinated regional efforts, Chemical, Biological, Radiologi- America and do not favor America. cal, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) response, and crime This may be changed in the future. The National Secu- terrorism nexus. rity Strategy issued in December 2017 gives a priority to The workshop concluded with a CATT Capstone Exer- preventing China’s domination of the region. But actions cise where CDR Nguyen facilitated a Special Operations speak louder than words. The United States must venture Task Force (SOTF) Bravo planning cell to develop an ini- far beyond the freedom of navigation operations and tial operational concept to prepare for a potential military conduct “freedom from domination operations” in the operation to rescue the hostages emerging in the midst of a transoceanic highways between the Pacific and the Indian HADR response. This exercise aimed to enhance the level Ocean. Only effective action to counter domination can of appreciation for working in a multinational task force on restore regional confidence in the United States and main- the concept, system, procedures, structure and importance tain U.S. credibility. of communication, collaboration, coordination and the use Note: Since this book was written, the U. S. Pacific Com- the various management tools to plan and execute a multi- mand’s name has changed to U. S. Indo-Pacific Com- national response. mand (USINDOPACOM) and is reflected throughout the article. www.apcss.org 24 Faculty Publications and News Nepal’s Core Group: Esteemed, Credible, and Impactful In support of crafting the new Nepal Constitution and by Prof. Dave Shanahan enabling legislation supporting peace building and stability In September of 2006, in the aftermath of Nepal’s near the Core Group provided essential support that has been decade long insurgency and its abrupt transition from a mo- credited with advancing both areas in key respects. The narchal rule to an interim compact between the six major po- Core Groups inputs were important to crafting constitu- litical parties and the former communist rebels, DKI APCSS tional provisions on the role and functions of the National facilitated a workshop attended by key Nepal Government Security Council. Whereas early drafts mirrored the for- officials and subject matter experts. The event, crucially mer role of the body as solely being needed for mobilizing aided by the endorsement from key APCSS alumni, enabled the Nepal Army, because of the contributions of the CG Nepal’s security and political actors for the first time to the constitution adopted in September 2015 reflects a more come together in focused dialogue to frame and prioritize robust organizational structure and outline of functions. In necessary actions to ensure security providers would be supporting the peace building process legislatively the CG properly integrated into the new constitutional framework. was immediate in helping the political parties come up with The product of that seminal workshop was a set of priori- an agreement on the ordinance to be passed by the Mao- tized actions, briefed directly to the Prime Minister, which ist government on composing a Truth and Reconciliation charted the transition path to a just, peaceful and prosperous Commission (TRC). Whereas in both cases initial progress democratic state. The product of greater and longer lasting has been enabled legislatively, much work remains to be significance from the workshop was its stimulating a process done to assure Nepal’s national security structure and tran- unifying the efforts a diverse group of government and pol- sitional justice processes have the capacity to fulfill their icy professionals who continue in both small and profound vital roles. The CG continues to vigorously assess ways to ways to positively influence Nepal’s national progress. inform and enable this work. This process continues apace in the work of the self- In the peacebuilding process the CG provided insight- identifying Core Group (CG) that has evolved over the ful and valued counsel to the government in the legal years and has tried to respond to the needs of the changing reforms needed to support democratization efforts for the political and security environment in Nepal. It is composed Nepal Army. As well it crafted a proposal on options for of several veterans of the initial 2006 workshop and over addressing the thorny issues surrounding the process of time has been augmented by several other capable members integration and rehabilitation of former Maoist combat- drawn both from APCSS alumni and other political and ants. The Maoist representatives in the process credited the security backgrounds. Its work has sought to achieve three CG’s work as vital to their understanding of the political broad objectives: 1) ensuring that the peacebuilding process decisions they had to make to a successful agreement. CG reaches its proper conclusion 2) assisting in the constitution efforts to strengthen the Ministry of Defense and to stimu- making process and 3) defining how security institutions late the development of an integrated National Security would operate in the new structures within a democratic Strategy have been continuing efforts but remain works in federal republic. In each it has been able to make substantive progress. The current ferment surrounding the new gov- contributions and the group continues to assess areas and ernment’s transition offers hope for the CG to contribute issues where their unique composition and reputation offer substantially in these areas. them the ability to contribute positively. Nepal’s Core Group, many of them DKI APCSS alum- The CG work over the last twelve years has focused ni, offer a model for the outsized impact dedicated profes- on security issues, broadly defined. In doing so, it had to sionals unified by vision and purpose can have in charting work within the changing political environment so that its and stimulating action to enhance a country’s national se- dialogue process could deal with political impasses in the curity. Although the Center will, when possible, use its country in order to move the peacebuilding and constitution convening power to bring together alumni and other key making process ever forward. Due to the cohesiveness of officials and help facilitate their efforts for a specific pur- the Core Group and because there was no comparable group pose, the success of Nepal’s Core Group clearly demon- functioning in Nepal then to immediately review the situa- strates that the long term impact of such efforts rest on the tion, it met after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal to familiarize cohesiveness and drive of its alumni and participants who the political leaders on the developing situation in order to can inspire esteem, and establish credibility and demon- develop a proper response during the crisis. strate clout in changing political weather. 25 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Alumni News Alumni Cambodia Associations PROMOTIONS Prasath Chhorn, ASC15-2, was Afghanistan promoted to brigadier general, and American Samoa Bahamas is the Acting Director of the Port Australia Intelligence Unit. Bangladesh Chrystal Glinton, CCM10-1, was Bhutan promoted as Deputy Permanent India Cambodia* Secretary in the National Emergency Cameroon Rajeev Sirohi, CCM08-2, was Canada Management Agency. promoted to lieutenant general. Chile Bangladesh China Indonesia Colombia Md Shariful Islam, CCM11-1, was Comoros ** Spica Tutuhatunewa, ASC16-2, promoted to group captain. Cook Islands was promoted as Consul General, Fiji Kazi Iftekharul Alam, CSRT07-1, Indonesia Republic to Victoria and Guam Tasmania. Hong Kong was promoted to brigadier general India and appointed Assistant Military Japan Indonesia Secretary to the Honorable President Iraq of Bangladesh. Hiroshi Kaminotani, TSC14-2, was Japan promoted to lieutenant general and Jordan Bhutan assigned to Okinawa as Commander Kazakhstan of Southwestern Air Defense Force. Lao PDR Tenzin Wangchuk EC05-3, was Lebanon promoted as Director of the Kyrgyzstan Madagascar** Department of Multilateral Aff airs in Malaysia the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs. Suiuntai Zhaimagambetov, CSRT16-1, Maldives was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Marshall Islands Mauritius** ...continued on next page Micronesia Mongolia Mozambique Maintaining Connections.... Myanmar Nepal New Zealand Pakistan Palau Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Republic of Korea Russia & Far East Russia Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Vietnam U.S. (D.C. & Hawaii) Dr. Lori Forman, DKI APCSS Development Advisor, traveled to Hanoi to set the foundations for an upcoming workshop in Vietnam. During her visit, she met with many DKI APCSS alumni. * Informal group ** Joint alumni association with the Africa Center

www.apcss.org 26 Alumni News

PROMOTIONS Captain (Ret.) Chi Lun Sheng, EC04- (cont.) 2, was promoted as Regional Director Friends of Armed Forces Association. Tanzania Malaysia Fredrick Milanzi, CSRT15-1, was Raby Bakar, ASC10-1, was promoted promoted to lieutenant colonel as Assistant Commissioner of Police, and appointed Commissioner for Head of Strategy Planning and Operation of Drug Control and Operations for Counter Terrorism. Enforcement Authority.

Mohamad Roy Sarif, CSRT08-2, was Yacoub Mohamed, ASC11-2, was promoted to Superintendent of Police promoted to lieutenant general and and appointed Chief of Police of appointed Chief of Staff , Tanzania Wangsa Maju District. Peoples Defence Forces. He recently stated, “the (APCSS) course changed Maldives DKI APCSS alum Cmdr. Sione Ulakai (Ton- the way I used to view the world and Hamdhoon Rashyd, CA17-1, was ga, EC6-2/TSC14-1/EC16-1) and Director the security challenges facing our promoted as Assistant Commissioner retired Rear Adm. Pete Gumataotao greet world in the 21st century.” of Police and assigned as Head of one another at the Shargri-la Dialogues in Singapore. Tonga Internal Security Command. Taniela Tuita, ASC09-2 and CSRT14- Mongolia Lalaine Banares, ASC16-2, was 1, was promoted to commander. Nyamjargal Nergui, ASC16-1 and promoted to Police Superintendent. CCM17-1, became the second female Okustino Sakalia, ASC10-2, was ever promoted to colonel in the Marlon B. Broto, ASC17-2, was promoted to lieutenant colonel. promoted to Assistant Secretary Mongolian Army. U.S. of the Performance and Projects Philippines Management Offi ce, Offi ce of the John Broadmeadow, SEAPOC10-1, Arnel Duco, CSRT04-2 and EC05-3, President. was promoted to lieutenant general was promoted to major general and is and appointed Deputy Commander, U.S. Transportation Command. working as Deputy Chief of Staff for Sri Lanka Personnel. G. D. Sooriyabandara, CCM17-1, was Daniel Grant, APOC13-3, was Custodio Parcon Jr., EC05-2, was promoted to brigadier general and promoted to captain and assigned promoted to brigadier general and appointed Centre Commandant of the to the Naval Postgraduate School in appointed Commander, 2nd Marine Sri Lankan Armored Corps. Monterey, California. Brigade. Taiwan Phillip Tadena, APOC16-3, was Camilo Gudmalin, CCM14-1, Hsien-Jiu Chang, CSRT09-1, promoted to lieutenant colonel. was promoted as Undersecretary, was promoted to rear admiral and Charles Ray, APOC07-1 and Department of Social Welfare and appointed Director, Operations SEAPOC12-2, was promoted Development. Readiness Division. to admiral and appointed Vice Susan Jalla, ASC14-3, was promoted Jiun-Rong Chiou, APOC13-2, Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard. as Police Senior Superintendent. SEAPOC14-2 and ASC16-1, was promoted to rear admiral and POSITION CHANGES Toti Borja, ASC09-2, was promoted to appointed Director for International commodore. Aff airs Division, Ministry of National Defense. Australia Air Vice Marshal Melvin Hupfeld, 27 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Alumni News

TSC09-2, was appointed Chief of Joint Operations.

Major General Burr, SEAPOC14-1, was appointed Chief of Army. Bangladesh Commander (Ret.) M. A. Matin, EC03-3, is the Executive Director, Karnafuly Ship Builders Limited.

Abida Islam, EC07-2, was appointed Ambassador of Bangladesh to the Republic of Korea.

Commodore (Ret.) Mohiuddin Razib, ASC09-2, is Secretary General, Bangladesh Oceangoing Shipowners’ Association. DKI APCSS Director Gumataotao and faculty pose for a group photo with Philippine Alumni Brazil Association at the “Countering Violent Extremism in Southeast Asia” workshop held in Ma- Carlos Alexandre de Lima, CSRT16- nila, March 13-16. 1, is working at Brazilian Army Headquarters in Brasilia. Chile Rodrigo Toledo, CSRT10-1, transferred to Beijing, China, where he will serve in the Embassy of Chile as Deputy Chief of Mission.

Luis Palma, TSC17-1, was appointed Head of Division of International Relations at the offi ce of Undersecretary of Defense.

George Brown, EC02-3 and TSC14- 1, joined the Ministry of Defence as Secretary General of the Offi ce of U/S Cristian de la Maza. India M.J. Albar, CA11-5, is the Minister of Justice Kuenlay Tshering of the Supreme Court of Bhutan and Alumnus of ASC 16-2, returned State for External Aff airs. to APCSS to give a lecture on his completed Fellow’s Project to the Fellows of ASC 18-1. While here, he met with Associate Justices Paula Nakayama, Sabrina McKenna, Richard Pollack, and Michael Wilson of the Hawaii Supreme Court. Dean Cramer and Chrissy Brandle accompanied Rear Admiral Atul Anand, ASC10- him. The gathering took place inside the Hawaii Supreme Court Room where the Justices dis- 1, was appointed Assistant Chief of cussed the similarities and differences of each other’s Justice System as well as concerns on Naval Staff Foreign Cooperation and the environment and how Tourism plays a role. Of particular note was how Bhutan limits the Intelligence. number of visitors per year to the country to limit the impact on the environment. The meeting provided an opportunity for Tshering to meet with Justice Wilson who he had a prior acquain- Sandeep Kumar, EC00-2, was tance with as well as foster relations with the other Justices. ...continued on next page www.apcss.org 28 ...continued from previous page Philippines Taiwan appointed Indian Ambassador to Gina Jamoralin, TSC17-1, was Hsien-Jiu Chang, CSRT09-1, Croatia. appointed Consul General in the was promoted to rear admiral and Indonesia Philippine Consulate in Chicago. appointed Director, Operations Readiness Division. Brigadier General Kup Yanto, Ms. Christine Carino, EC01-3, is TSC17-2, is Secretary General at working in the Offi ce of the Assistant Thailand Defense. Secretary for Plans and Programs, Captain Benjamaporn Major General Imam Edy Mulyono, Department of National Defense. Wongnakornsawang, CSRT10-1, is Director, Maritime Security Division. TSC12-1, was assigned to the Social Mr. Raoul Manguerra, CSRT12-1, was Communication Staff of the Chief of appointed Chief, Counter-Terrorism Tonga Armed Forces. Division in the National Bureau of Sione Uaisele Fifi ta, EC03-3, was Japan Investigation. appointed Deputy Chief of Defense Staff . Lieutenant General Shigeru Dr. Lorenzo Clavejo, ASC09- Kobayashi, EC03-1, was appointed 2, ORA15-2 and CA17-6, is a Viliami Lolohea, ASC16-2, was as the fi rst-ever Commanding presidential appointee serving as appointed First Secretary, High General of the Ground Component Assistant Director General at the Commission, London. Command. National Security Council Secretariat and the head of the National Security U.S. Vice Admiral Gojiro Watanabe, Training Center. David DeLeo, APOC07-1 and CA12- EC01-2, was appointed 4, transferred to the staff of Joint Commandant, Yokosuka District at Sri Lanka Interagency Task Force – West on Yokosuka Naval Base. Major General Haren Perera, ASC14- Camp Smith, Hawaii. Korea 2, was assigned as Director General Staff (Training and Doctrine) at the Bruce Fink, CCM11-1 and CA12- Colonel (Ret.) Sung-gi Kim, Offi ce of Chief of Defence Staff . 4, is the Engineer Research & ASC12-2, is working as Chief, Development Center Liaison to U.S. National Defense History Commodore Ananda Guruge, Pacifi c Command. Department of the Institute for ASC14-1, was appointed Flag Offi cer Military History and Compilation. Commanding Naval Fleet. Major Jonathan Brown, CA14-1, Malaysia was reassigned to Commander Task Force-76 in Okinawa, Japan. Azhari Bin Aziz, CSRT17-1, was selected as the Armed Force and Security Delegate. Maldives Assistant Commissioner Ismail Naveen, CCM14-1, was assigned as Head of Divisional Operations Command. Nepal Dr. Deepak Prakash Bhatt, ASC13- 1, was elected to a fi ve-year term as a Member of Parliament (House of Representatives). DKI APCSS Director retired Rear Adm. Peter A. Gumataotao (center) poses for a group photo with Thailand alumni at a four-day workshop on “Building Maritime Shared Marryam Khan, ASC17-2, was Awareness in Southeast Asia” in Bangkok, Thailand, May 14-17. appointed Additional Secretary Home, Government of Punjab. 29 CURRENTS Summer 2018 RETIREMENTS AWARDS

Australia Tonga (continued)

Vice Admiral Ray Ms. Xu Heyun Griggs, TSC10-2, retires (China), ASC 15- from the military in Carl Tuivai, ASC11-1, 2, has conducted July, 2018. retired from government several seminars service. and workshops on Maritime Security. Canada

Captain David Finch, U.S. ASC11-1, retired from Capt Tavipen the Royal Canadian Sutattakul Navy after more than 38 Ambassador Teddy (Thailand), CCM years of service. Taylor, TSC10-2, retired 16-1, implemented from government training exercises to service increase the Air Force India Medical Corps preparedness in a crisis Captain Byron Black, situation. Deputy Inspector EC03-1, retired from General Suresh Tyagi, the Coast Guard after ASC11-1, will retire this more than 35 years of October from the Indian service. Coast Guard following Ms. San San Maw 36 years of service. Lt. Col. (Ret.) (Myanmar), ASC 16-1, Michael Goedrich, put together a civil- Philippines SEAPOC12-1, also military coordination retired from his workshop on HADR. Lieutenant General contracting job with the She also helped add an HADR civil- Juancho Sabban, EC01- Department military coordination course into the 2, retired from military of Defense. NDC and CGSC’s curriculum. service. Lt. Col. Dan Makalena (U.S.), APOC14-1, re- tired from the U.S. Air Chief Superintendent Senior Insp Michelle Force after 31 1/2 years Ramon Gatan, EC07-2, Bonto (Philippines), of service. retired from the police. CSRT 17-1, developed a Counter Violent Lt. Col. John Mitchell Extremism training (U.S.), APOC11-2, is Lieutenant General course in which many retired from the Glorioso Miranda, government agencies have taken part. EC08-1, retired from U.S. Army. He now military service. works at the Indo- Pacifi c Command in Information Operations. Tonga

Commander Solomone Savelio, CCSRT09-1, retired from military service. www.apcss.org 30 Alumni News

DKI APCSS Annual Alumni Awards Alumnus of the Year for 2017

Ms. Saira Ali Ahmed (Pakistan), ASC17-1 Shaping a better world e recognize her tremendous efforts in the Women, Peace and Security arena, empowering hundreds of W women to address human and constitutional rights issues regarding abuse, harassment, prosecution and rehabilitation. She formed the District Women Support Group to provide legal assistance to women victims of vio- lence; she helped establish the Women Protection Cell to assist gender-based violence survivors; she provided le- gal aid and victim’s assistance to 105 vulnerable populations; and she also inspired many other groups to engage in peace-building at the local level. Saira’s efforts have positively contributed to the security, peace and stability of Pakistan and the region. Other Nominees

Sunia Ratulevu (Fiji) CCM16-1 Ms. Marryam Khan (Pakistan) ASC17-2

We recognize his out- We recognize her outstand- standing contributions ing efforts in developing to security by leading the and coordinating the Paki- development of national- stan National Counterter- level policy documents, rorism Agency’s National including the National Countering Extremism Tsunami Response Plan Policy Guidelines. She was and the National Human- also able to coopt the pro- itarian Policy for Disaster vincial–level governments Risk Management. His efforts have helped promote to embrace the strategy. Her efforts have positively security, peace and prosperity for Fiji and the Indo- contributed to the security, peace and stability of Pacific region. Pakistan and the region.

31 CURRENTS Summer 2018 DKI APCSS Annual Alumni Awards

Alumni Association of the Year for 2017 - Thailand Engineering Peace Through Connections ongratulations to the Thailand DKI APCSS alumni for serving as an exemplary role model in your peaceful C transfer of association leadership, for your initiative to implement periodic security roundtable discussions, for forging greater bonds between Thailand and the U.S., and for your enduring support of DKI APCSS and its en- gagement programs. Your outstanding efforts positively contributed to peace and security in Thailand and the region.

Other Nominees

Arquimino Ramos (Timor Leste) ASC15-1 Suiuntai Zhaimagambetov (Kyrgyzstan), CSRT16-1

We recognize his out- We recognize his outstanding standing contributions to efforts in creating a training security in transitioning program not only for 124 to a participant-centered- border personnel. Because learning model at the of his training, detection of Police Training Center and fake passports has increased reducing the training time by 54 percent. Among those by over 30 percent. He also interdicted were people who established Timor-Leste’s were attempting to organize first-ever police museum. channels for illegal migra- His eff orts have helped promote security, peace and pros- tion, supporters of international terrorist and extremist perity for Timor-Leste and the Indo-Pacific region. organizations and supporters of armed groups on the side of ISIS. He earned the “Outstanding Border Guard Medal.”

www.apcss.org 32 Distinguished Visitors

Kathleen M. Fitzpatrick, U.S. Ambassador to the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, visited Daniel k. Inouye Asia Pacifi c Center for Security Studies Jan. 9 for an orientation and tour of the Center.

Maj Gen. Dato’ Hj Roshaimi bin Zakaria (Executive Course 99-3), Assistant Chief of Staff Defence Planning Division, Ma- laysia Armed Forces (MAF) and Brigadier General Jeremy Horn (SP16-1), from Washington Air National Guard visited DKI APCSS Feb. 8.

Ambassador Jane Hardy, Consul- General, Australian Consulate-General Honolulu, visited DKI APCSS Feb. 28.

STAFFDEL Jakob Johnsen, Legislative Direc- tor Chairman Hal Rogers, State and Foreign Ops, House Appropriations Committee, and Mr. Christopher Connelly, Chief of Staff, Rep. Hartzler (R-MO), House Armed Services Committee, visited DKI APCSS Feb. 22.

Forty-two Air War College International Fellows visited DKI APCSS March 5.

Ms. Kim Lehn, professional staff member, House Armed Services Com- mittee visited DKI APCSS Feb. 23.

The DKI APCSS Foundation held their annual meeting at the Center Mar. 7.

Three faculty and 16 Joint service stu- dents, O-5 to O-6, including 3 foreign exchange offi cers Advanced Stra- tegic Leadership Studies Program (ASLSP), visited DKI APCSS March 7.

33 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Dr. Dru C. Gladney (former DKI APCSS Dean) and currently the Professor of Anthropology, Pomona College in Claremont, California, visited DKI APCSS March 29.

General Kim, Byeong-Joo, Combined Forces Command Deputy Commander (ROK) visited DKI APCSS May 23.

Staff Delegate Jaclyn (Jackie) M. Ca- han, Counsel, Offi ce of Congressman Stephen F. Lynch, visited DKI APCSS June 1.

Ms. Victoria Krikorian, Foreign Policy Advisor for the Chief of Naval Operations, visited DKI APCSS May 31 .

Twenty-three offi cers from the Republic of Korea Joint Forces College Team visited DKI APCSS June 4.

Lt. Gen. Charles Hooper, Director, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, visited DKI APCSS June 21.

Rear Adm. Chung An-Ho, Deputy Commander, Republic of Korea Fleet, visited DKI APCSS June 28.

Lt. Gen. Nothapol Boonngam (TSC 16-2) Royal Thai Armed Forces, visited DKI APCSS June 26.

www.apcss.org 34 Retirement

Service with Honor...

Lt. Col. Danny K. Makalena, an operations offi cer at DKI APCSS, retired June 1 after 31 1/2 years of service in the Air Force at Hangar 35, Hickam Field. Lt. Col. Makalena began his career as an enlisted F-16 avionics technician and retired as a lieutenant colonel. Lt. Col. Makalena was assigned to DKI APCSS July 3, 2014 and worked in the Regional Engagement Operations Dept. as a conference coordinator. Here are a few photos from his ceremony.

35 CURRENTS Summer 2018 Hails and Farewells

Between January and July 2018, the Center welcomed a number of new people into the DKI APCSS ohana. We also said goodbye to several amazing people. Hails Farewells

Peter Gumataotao - Director James Hartsell - Director Maj. John Walsh - College Lt. Cmdr. Sean Washington - College Ops. Adam Morrow - Student Volunteer LS2 William Reding - Resource Mgmt. Katie Pham - Student Volunteer Josefa Brettler - Alumni Cpl Milton Tuairau - Alumni Capt. Jim Wang - Alumni Diana Nikolao - Human Resources LSC Richard Cabag - Resource Mgmt. Seongwon Han - Visiting Academic Capt. Daniel Rich- Strategy & Assessments Angwara Jinapongpichart- Regional Ops. Mary Hamilton - Student Volunteer Thuy Nguyen - Student Volunteer Lt. Col. Timothy Johnson - College Ops. Elina Noor - College LSSA Giovanni Monnie - Resource Mgmt. Cmdr. Edwin Whiting - Resource Mgmt. Jonathan Cham - Student Volunteer Lt. Cmdr. Ian Burgess - College Ops. Roxane Turner - Student Volunteer Lt. Cmdr.Leah Cole - College Ops. Andy Rothammel - Visiting Academic YN2 Kaitlyn Lovci - Registrar Lt. Col. Aaron Martin - College Ops. Allan Criss - PAO Webmaster Col. Robert Tibbetts - Dep. Dean of Business Ops. Adam Morrow - Student Volunteer Dr. Jeffrey Reeves- College Sherly Valdivia - Travel Elsei Tellei - Student Volunteer Molly Kihara- Visiting Academic Ward Almeida - Info Services

Capt. Daniel Rich Cmdr. James Matthews YN2 Calandra Castillo Lt. Col. Timothy Johnson Mary Hamilton

DKI APCSS College team members pose for a photo at the hail and farewell ceremony. From left to right is Andy Rothammel, Lt. Col. Aaron Martin, Lt. Col. Alex Carter, Lt. Cmdr. Dustin Wil- liams, and Maj. John Walsh. DKI APCSS military personnel preform ceremonial procedures during a promotion ceremony for Corporal Milton R Tuairauas, who was promoted to sergeant Feb. 9.

www.apcss.org 36 “Refl ections” Continued from page 12 Upcoming Course Calendar More thoughts on the Shangri La * Note: Dates are subject to change. Please visit our Dialogues website for the most current information. by Kerry Lynn Nankivell Course # Start Date End Date Every year the world converges on Singapore. The Shan- gri La Dialogue (SLD) was created in 2002 by London’s Advanced Security Cooperation (ASC) IISS (double-I, double-S), and remains the premier security 18-2 20-Sep-18 ...... 24-Oct-18 event in Asia. Officially a Track 1.5 dialogue, over seventeen years of its history it has become a leading forum for sitting Transnational Security Cooperation (TSC) heads of state and ministers of defense to present their views TSC 18-2 04-Nov-18 ...... 09-Nov-18 and engage with their peers on issues of interest. In addition to the one-and-a-half day program of plenary presentations Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Course (APOC) and thematic panels, the SLD also facilitates private bilateral APOC 18-3 03-Dec-18 ...... 07-Dec-18 meetings for ministers and senior government officials. This year’s event, held from 1-3 June 2018, was a resounding success, convening 561 delegates, over 300 of which were Comprehensive Crisis Management (CCM) official representatives of 51 nations, and over 1000 badged 19-1 07-Feb-19 ...... 13-Mar-19 participants. This year’s conference hosted a record number of Ministers of Defense, Chiefs of Defense and National Security Advisors. In addition, there were 537 members of Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism (CSRT) the press working on behalf of 150 media organizations. The 19-1 06-Jun-19 ...... 3-Jul-19 United States was represented by Secretary of Defense James Mattis, four members of Congress, and three U.S. Senators; military delegates included NATO Deputy Secretary-General FY19 Course Managers Rose Gotemoeller, Commander U.S. INDOPACOM, ADM Philip Davidson, and Commander U.S. Logistics Group Western Pacific Task Force 73, RADM Donald Gabrielson. By the time the conference drew to a close on 3 June, dele- gates had heard 37 presentations including 13 from Ministers of Defence. The internet had logged more than 13 million impressions of #SLD18. In international diplomacy, sometimes presence is used as a substitute for substance. The mere act of collecting so many empowered individuals – those most directly responsible for Dr. Alex Vuving Dr. Deon Canyon TBA security and defense in the Indo-Pacific – is an important Advanced Security Comprehensive Crisis Comprehensive Security Cooperation Responses to Terrorism feat. Emerging from their domestic contexts to engage in a Management few hours of face-to-face engagement is tremendously im- portant to building shared understandings of one anothers’ priorities and strategic intent. But in this regard, SLD is not your conventional diplomatic event. Hosted by IISS, a global think-tank based in London with a regional office in Singa- pore, the SLD is also the site of much official government business. This year, 961 bilateral meetings were held be- tween government officials in attendance, and at least one Minister, Eng Hen Ng from Singapore, confirmed that his Lt. Col. Michael Burgoyne Dr. Scott Hauger Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Transnational Security government signed two strategic cooperation agreements Course Cooperation Course with foreign counterparts during the Summit. In its 17th year, the Shangri La Dialogue has undoubtedly established itself as an integralg part of Asia’s complex regional security architec- ture.

37 CURRENTS Summer 2018 As of June 30, 2018 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR Director – (until Feb. 2, 2018) Maj. Gen. James “Hammer” Hartsell, USMCR Director - (beginning Feb. 5, 2018) Retired Rear Adm. Peter A. Gumataotao Deputy Director – Retired Brig. Gen. James T. Hirai, U.S. Army Development Advisor - Dr. Lori Forman

COLLEGE OF SECURITY STUDIES Dean – Retired Capt. Carleton Cramer, U.S. Navy Associate Dean, Academics – Dr. Justin Nankivell Cmdr. Jonathan Odom, USN – International Law, National Associate Dean, Operations – Col. James Minnich, USA Security Law, Oceans Policy, Maritime Security Dr. Al Oehlers – Economics, Burma, Southeast Asia, Pacifi c Lt. Col. Michael Burgoyne, USA – China, Taiwan Islands Dr. Miemie Winn Byrd – U.S.–Burma/Myanmar relations, Asia- Maj. Timothy Rawson, USAF–Japan, Air Lift Operations Pacifi c economics, organizational development/innovation, and adult learning/education Cmdr. Kristopher Robinson, USN – Maritime Security; Poli- tics and Economics and Political Islam in the Middle East Dr. James Campbell – Indonesia, BioSecurity Mr. Dave Shanahan – Security Sector Development, Tech- Dr. Deon Canyon – Crisis Leadership & Management; Complex nology and Security, Project Management Systems and Strategic Thinking; Oceania Lt. Col. Peter T. Stebbing, U.S. Army Fellow - Media af- Lt. Col. Jeff A. Coulon, U.S. Army - Strategy and Policy Develop- fairs, Project Management, Strategy, Civil-Military Opera- ment tions Ms. Jessica Ear – Human Security, Crisis Management, Civil Dr. Christopher Snedden – South Asia; Australia and Aus- Societies, Cambodia tralasia; Indian Ocean Dr. Lori Forman – Development Financing, Development Assis- Maj. Courtland Stanley, USAF – Chinese Strategic Interests tance, Public-Private Partnerships, NGOs Mr. Shyam Tekwani – Terrorism, South Asia, Media & Maj. David M. Galloway, USAF - Coaliton Air Operations Security, India Dr. Alexander Vuving – Geopolitics, Southeast Asia, China, Dr. Scott Hauger – Environment/Science Vietnam, South China Sea Dr. Christopher Harmon – Terrorism, Insurgency, U.S. Foreign Maj. J. Tyler Walsh, USAF Fellow – Coalition Air Opera- Policy tions Lt. Col. Christopher M. Leung, U.S. Army - Military Planning, Lt. Col. Anthony T. Walters, U.S. Army – Strategic, Opera- Joint and Multinational Security Cooperation, Special Operations, tional and Tactical Sustainedand Logistics; Middle East Countering Violent Extremism, Psychological Operations International Relations Dr. J. Mohan Malik – China, Geopolitics, Weapons Proliferation Dr. Virginia Bacay Watson – Science and Technology Ms. Kerry Nankivell – Maritime Security, Strategy & Decision- Policy, Southeast Asia/Philippines, Water Security making Dr. William A. Wieninger – WMD Issues, Security Sector Ms. Elina Noor, International Security, International Law & Cy- Development berspace; Countering Violent Extremism; Southeast Asia * Lt.Cmdr Leah Cole, USCG – Maritime Security Cmdr. Tuan Nguyen, USN – Military Security Cooperation, Dr. Saira Yamin – South Asia, Confl ict Analysis & India, Southeast Asia Resolution *Denotes a Service Fellow on a six-month or one-year assignment

ADMISSIONS & BUSINESS OPERATIONS PUBLIC AFFAIRS Dean – Richard Sears Chief – Mary Markovinovic Public Aff airs Specialist – Bob Goodwin ADMISSIONS Digital Communications Specialist – Allan Criss Chief – Tom Patykula PAO Photographer – Joe Rini Registrar – Pearl Peiler Cover Art/Group photos – Visual Information Branch Recruiter - Terry Slattery Alumni – John Gasner CURRENTS EDITORIAL BOARD Email: [email protected] Mary Markovinovic [email protected] Dr. Virginia Bacay Watson Dr. Miemie Byrd Jo Gardiner Bob Goodwin Stay connected with DKI APCSS... John Gasner Col. James M. Minnich, USA Dr. Al Oehlers Dave Shanahan

www.www.apcss.org 38 Shangri-La Dialogues (see page 11 for story)

“Standing shoulder to shoulder with India, ASEANN and our treaty allies and other partners, America seeks to build an Indo-Pacifi c where sovereignty and territorial integrity are safeguarded --the promise of freedom fulfi lled and prosperity prevails for all”.

U.S. Defense Secretary James N. Mattis delivers remarks during the opening session of the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, June 2, 2018. All photos cour- tesy of the Insternational Instute for Strategic Studies.

“Our common prosperity and security “Whether Asia and Southeast Asia can “ “Recasting of the rules needs to be a require us to evolve … through dia- retain peace, security and prosperity re- transparent and collective eff ort, open logue [and] a common, rules-based lies on the course of action we choose to international scrutiny, especially but order for the region … It must equally today. One of them is the eff ort to build not only if it aff ects the global com- apply to all individually, as well as to common security institutions and ar- mons. Nations must also have the right the global commons” chitecture in accordance with the basic to be free from coercion or criticism principles of international law, mutual when they lawfully and reasonably com- Narendra Modi, trust and the responsible behaviour of municate concerns about the behaviour Prime Minister, India all parties.” of others.”

Ngo Xuan Lich, Minister of National Marise Payne, Defence, Vietnam Minister for Defence, Australia