DOCSLIB.ORG

Meeting the Espionage Challenge Oct 1986.P65

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meeting the Espionage Challenge Oct 1986.P65 99TH CONGRESS REPORT SENATE 2d Session } { 99-522 MEETING THE ESPIONAGE CHALLENGE: A REVIEW OF UNITED STATES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY PROGRAMS REPORT OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE UNITED STATES SENATE October 3 (legislative day, September 23), 1986. Ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 64-2688 O WASHINGTON: 1986 SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE [Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Cong., 2d Sess.) DAVE DURENBERGER, Minnesota, Chairman PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Vice Chairman WILLIAM V. ROTH, JR., Delaware LLOYD BENTSEN, Texas WILLIAM S. COHEN, Maine SAM NUNN, Georgia ORRIN HATCH, Utah THOMAS F. EAGLETON, Missouri FRANK MURKOWSKI, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina ARLEN SPEMR, Pennsylvania DAVID L. BOREN, Oklahoma CHIC HECHT, Nevada BILLBRADLEY, New Jersey MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky ROBERT DOLE, Kansas, Ex Officio ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, Ex Officio BERNARD F. McMAHON, Staff Director Eric D. Newsom, Minority Staff Director Dorthea Robertson, Clerk (II) CONTENTS Page I. Introduction and Summary 1 A. Background 1 B. Organization of the-U.S. Government to Meet the Hostile Intelligence Challenge 3 C. Counterintelligence: Learning the Lessons of Recent Cases 4 D. Security Countermeasures: Defending on Many Fronts 6 E. Budgetary Impact 9 F. Legislative Proposals 10 G. Respect for Individual Rights 11 II. The Hostile Intelligence Threat 12 A. Damage to National Security 12 B. Sources of the Threat 17 1. Soviet Union 17 2. Warsaw Pact and Cuba 18 3. Peoples Republic of China 19 4. Other Countries 20 C. Human Intelligence Techniques 20 1. Official Presence 21 2. Other Aspects of the Hostile Intelligence Presence 23 3. Recruited Agents 25 4. Soviet Methods of Recruitment 26 5. Technology Transfer 28 6. Active Measures and Disinformation 30 D. Technical Collection Operations 33 1. Interception of Communications 33 2. Other Forms of Electronic Surveillance 34 3. Penetration of Computer Systems 35 4. Imagery 36 E. Summary 37 III. Counterintelligence 38 A. Need for a Counterintelligence Strategy 39 B. Hostile Presence Limits 40 C. Counterintelligence Awareness Programs 45 D. Domestic Operations 48 1. Coverage of Establishments and Officers 49 2. Offensive Operations 50 3. Espionage Investigations and Prosecutions 52 E. Overseas Operations 56 F. Personnel Management and Training 56 IV. Security Countermeasures 58 A. A National Strategic Security Program 59 B. Personnel Security 65 C. Information Security 74 D. Communications, Computer and Emanations Security 80 E. Technical and Physical Security 85 F. Industrial Security 87 (III) Page G. Congressional Security 90 V. Appendixes 97 Appendix A. U.S. v. Whitworth, Affidavit of RADM William 0.Studeman and Declaration of John L. Martin 97 Appendix B. Defense Security Institute Analysis of the Harper Case 105 Appendix C. Defense Security Institute Analysis of the Bell/Zacharski Case 112 Appendix D. Defense Security Institute Analysis of the Cavanagh Case 126 Appendix E. US. v. Zukharov, Affidavit for an Arrest Warrant and Search Warrant; and Indictment 136 Appendix F. Forged letter from Herbert Romerstein to Senator David Durenberger; actual letter from Romerstein to LTG Robert L. Schweitzer; and forged letter from LTG Schweitzer to President Augusto Pinochet of Chile 142 Appendix G. Draft Senate Security Manual 146 99TH CONGRESS } SENATE { REPORT 2d Session 99-522 MEETING THE ESPIONAGE CHALLENGE: A REVIEW OF UNITED STATES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY PROGRAMS October 3 (legislative day, September 23), 1986.Ordered to be printed Mr. DURENBERGER, from the Select Committee on Intelligence, submitted the following REPORT I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY As espionage is ancient, so is counterintelligence. The Chinese military theorist Sun Tzu stated the principle in the fourth century B.C.: It is essential to seek out enemy agents who have come to conduct espionage against you. .1 Today, over two millennia later, the battle is still beingwaged. A. BACKGROUND At the beginning of the 99th Congress, the Select Committee on Intelligence initiated a comprehensive review of the capabilities of U.S. counterintelligence and security programs for dealing with the threat to the United States from Soviet espionage and other hostile intelligence activities. This decision was an outgrowth of eight years of Committee interest in these issues. The review is also consonant with the Committees mission to oversee and make continuing studies of the intelligence activities and programs of the United States Government, and to sub- mit to the Senate appropriate proposals for legislation and report to the Senate concerning such intelligence activities and programs. Senate Resolution 400, which established the Committee ten years ago, specifies that intelligence activi- ties include activities taken to counter similar activities directed against the United States. The Committees review had barely begun when the arrests of John Walker and two of his relatives began to make 1985 the Year of the Spy. In June, 1985, the Committee pledged that it would prepare a report to the full Senate at the earliest 1Sun Tzu, The Art of War, trans. by Samuel B. Griffith, Oxford University Press (London: 1963), p. 148. 2 possible time. In light of this Committees ongoing efforts, the Senate decided not to create a National Commission on Espionage and Security. On June 20, 1985, the Chairman of the Committee wrote to the President, saying, You and we share an historic opportunity both to dramatically improve U.S. counterintelligence and security and to demonstrate how Congress and the Executive can work together to achieve progress in sensitive intelligence areas. The ensuing fifteen months have generated an amazingly sustained interest in counterintelligence and security on the part of both policymakers and the public. There have been over a dozen arrests for espionage, nearly all leading to guilty pleas or verdicts; Americans and West Germans with sensitive information have defected to the Soviet Union and East Germany; and Soviets with sensitive infor- mation have defected to the West, and in one major case then returned to the Soviet Union. Most recently, the Soviet arrest of an innocent American journalist in retaliation for the U.S. arrest of a Soviet U.N. employee has made it clear that counterintelligence, while seemingly a peripheral element in superpower rela- tions, can even become the focus of U.S.-Soviet confrontation. The Year of the Spy was characterized by intensive Executive branch atten- tion to problems of counterintelligence and security. Of particular note were the efforts of the Department of Defense Security Review Commission, chaired by General Richard G. Stilwell, USA (retired), and the Secretary of States Advisory Panel on Overseas Security, chaired by Admiral Bobby R. Inman, USN (retired) and Executive branch steps to implement their recommendations. The Stilwell Commission led to significant progress in Defense Department personnel and information security policies, and the Inman Panel led to restructuring of State Department security functions and a major embassy rebuilding program around the world. The Committees efforts have encouraged, and have greatly benefited from, this sustained Executive branch attention to counterintelligence and security mat- ters. The Committee received an unprecedented level of cooperation from the President, the National Security Council staff, the Intelligence Community Staff, and the many departments and agencies with counterintelligence or security func- tions. Executive branch experts and policymakers testified in sixteen closed hear- ings on specific counterintelligence cases and current state of U.S. programs to counter hostile intelligence act les. cores of staff briefings and the provision to the Committee of many sensitive Executive branch studies enabled the Committee to compile the very best ideas and recommendations of those in government, as well as suggestions from security experts in industry. The Committee, in turn, evalu- ated those ideas and submitted a comprehensive set of recommendations for Ex- ecutive branch consideration. The Intelligence Authorization Act for FY 1986 included a statutory require- ment that the President submit to the House and Senate Intelligence Committees a report on the capabilities, programs and policies of the United States to protect against, detect, monitor, counter and limit intelligence activities by foreign pow- ers, within and outside the United States, directed at the United States Govern- 3 ment. The report was to included plans for improvements that the Executive branch has authority to effectuate on its own, and recommendations for improvements that would require legislation. To assist the Senate Intelligence Committee in its work, the conferees on the Act requested an interim report developed in consulta- tion with the Intelligence Committees. This Committee, in turn, prepared its own interim report, which it shared with the Executive branch last winter. The many good ideas and recommendations that the Committee obtained from Executive branch officials and studies had not yet been implemented for two ba- sic reasons: counterintelligence and security had failed to receive sustained atten- tion; and the ideas frequently challenged established ways of doing things, cut across bureaucratic lines of responsibility, or required substantial changes in re- source allocation. External events provided substantial impetus for interagency attention to these issues. The Committees efforts
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review of FBI Security Programs, March 2002
    U.S. Department of Justice A Review of FBI Security Programs Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs March 2002 Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs United States Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Room 1521 Washington, DC 20530 (202) 616-1327 Main (202) 616-3591 Facsimile March 31, 2002 The Honorable John Ashcroft Attorney General United States Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20530 Dear Mr. Attorney General: In March 2001, you asked me to lead a Commission to study security programs within the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Your request came at the urging of FBI Director Louis Freeh, who had concluded that an outside review was critical in light of the then recently discovered espionage by a senior Bureau official. In discharging my duties, I turned to six distinguished citizens as fellow Commissioners and to a staff of highly qualified professionals. I want to acknowledge the diligence with which my colleagues pursued the complex matters within our mandate. The Commission took its responsibilities seriously. It was meticulous in its investigation, vigorous in its discussions, candid in sharing views, and unanimous in its recommendations. When I agreed to chair the Commission, you promised the full cooperation and support of the Department of Justice and the FBI. That promise has been fulfilled. I would like to thank the Department’s Security and Emergency Planning Staff for the expert help they gave us, and I especially commend the cooperation of Director Mueller and FBI personnel at every level, who have all been chastened by treachery from within.
    [Show full text]
  • US Counterintelligence and Security Concerns Feb 1987.P65
    Union Calendar No. 3 100TH CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES REPORT 1st Session 100-5 UNITED STATES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY CONCERNS1986 REPORT BY THE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FEBRUARY 4, 1987.Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 68-440 WASHINGTON : 1987 Union Calendar No. 3 100TH CONGRESS REPORT 1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 100-5 UNITED STATES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY CONCERNS-1986 FEBRUARY 4, 1987-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Mr. STOKES, from the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, submitted the following REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over the past several years, a dangerous upward trend in successful espionage operations against the United States has occurred. Present and former U.S. Gov- ernment employees with access to sensitive classified information have played the key roles in each operation. Damage to U.S. national security has been signifi- cant and is still being estimated. Deeply concerned over these developments, the House Permanent Select Com- mittee on Intelligence has spent a great deal of time investigating this alarming situation. This report represents one outcome of the investigation. From its early days, the Administration has focused considerable attention and effort on improving the effectiveness of U.S. counterintelligence. Concomitantly, the House and Senate Intelligence Committees have authorized significantly in- creased funding for counterintelligence and urged that counterintelligence con- cerns assume a higher priority within the Intelligence Community. These efforts have elevated the morale, status and numbers of counterintelligence personnel, helped cope with security investigation backlogs and encouraged new initiatives in some operational and policy areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Reversal Theory: Understanding the Motivational Styles of Espionage Lydia R
    Reversal Theory: Understanding the Motivational Styles of Espionage Lydia R. Wilson Is espionage a question of preference? Are there definite psychologi­ cal needs that compel individuals to seek satisfaction through spying against the interests of their own country? To address these ques­ tions, I apply Dr. Michael J. Apter's Reversal Theory (RT) to the espionage or insider threat problem to further our understanding of what may be done-pro actively-to counter what the former u.s. National Counterintelligence Executive calls "the top counterintel­ ligence challenge to our community."! About the varied application of his theory, Apter writes: New patterns become evident wherever we look, whether our interest is in family relations, violence, humor, risk-taking, leadership, sport, or almost any other topic. As a result, reversal theory is a theory of unusual generality that can act to integrate seemingly unrelated topics into a single overarching and comprehensive framework.2 The application of this versatile theory-that psychologists have applied to topics ranging from smoking cessation to enhancing ath­ letic performance-may have value for security professionals and the U.S. counterintelligence community. This is because RT may answer questions such as: • What are the basic motives of human beings? • Is there a pattern underlying different types of mental disorder? • Why is it that sometimes people voluntarily do unnecessary things that might harm them? • Why do people sometimes enjoy doing things that are forbid­ den?3 76 International Journal of Intelligence Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 1 I Spring/Summer 2012 Lydia R. Wilson 77 Goal of this Article The goal of this article is to present a better understanding of the psychology of those who have engaged in espionage-not to di­ agnose or establish a profile of those who might become a spy.
    [Show full text]
  • Wh Owat Ches the Wat Chmen
    WHO WATCHES THE WATCHMEN WATCHES WHO WHO WATCHES THE WATCHMEN WATCHES WHO I see powerful echoes of what I personally experienced as Director of NSA and CIA. I only wish I had access to this fully developed intellectual framework and the courses of action it suggests while still in government. —General Michael V. Hayden (retired) Former Director of the CIA Director of the NSA e problem of secrecy is double edged and places key institutions and values of our democracy into collision. On the one hand, our country operates under a broad consensus that secrecy is antithetical to democratic rule and can encourage a variety of political deformations. But the obvious pitfalls are not the end of the story. A long list of abuses notwithstanding, secrecy, like openness, remains an essential prerequisite of self-governance. Ross’s study is a welcome and timely addition to the small body of literature examining this important subject. —Gabriel Schoenfeld Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute Author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law (W.W. Norton, May 2010). ? ? The topic of unauthorized disclosures continues to receive significant attention at the highest levels of government. In his book, Mr. Ross does an excellent job identifying the categories of harm to the intelligence community associated NI PRESS ROSS GARY with these disclosures. A detailed framework for addressing the issue is also proposed. This book is a must read for those concerned about the implications of unauthorized disclosures to U.S. national security. —William A. Parquette Foreign Denial and Deception Committee National Intelligence Council Gary Ross has pulled together in this splendid book all the raw material needed to spark a fresh discussion between the government and the media on how to function under our unique system of government in this ever-evolving information-rich environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
    Russia • Military / Security Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 5 PRINGLE At its peak, the KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) was the largest HISTORICAL secret police and espionage organization in the world. It became so influential DICTIONARY OF in Soviet politics that several of its directors moved on to become premiers of the Soviet Union. In fact, Russian president Vladimir V. Putin is a former head of the KGB. The GRU (Glavnoe Razvedvitelnoe Upravleniye) is the principal intelligence unit of the Russian armed forces, having been established in 1920 by Leon Trotsky during the Russian civil war. It was the first subordinate to the KGB, and although the KGB broke up with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the GRU remains intact, cohesive, highly efficient, and with far greater resources than its civilian counterparts. & The KGB and GRU are just two of the many Russian and Soviet intelli- gence agencies covered in Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence. Through a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology, an introductory HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries, a clear picture of this subject is presented. Entries also cover Russian and Soviet leaders, leading intelligence and security officers, the Lenin and Stalin purges, the gulag, and noted espionage cases. INTELLIGENCE Robert W. Pringle is a former foreign service officer and intelligence analyst RUSSIAN with a lifelong interest in Russian security. He has served as a diplomat and intelligence professional in Africa, the former Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. For orders and information please contact the publisher && SOVIET Scarecrow Press, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001
    Technical Report 02-5 July 2002 Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 Katherine L. Herbig Martin F. Wiskoff TRW Systems Released by James A. Riedel Director Defense Personnel Security Research Center 99 Pacific Street, Building 455-E Monterey, CA 93940-2497 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704- 0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DDMMYYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) July 2002 Technical 1947 - 2001 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Katherine L. Herbig, Ph.D. Martin F. Wiskoff, Ph.D. 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8.
    [Show full text]
  • CI TRENDS CI Trends: Espionage Related 1 Activity in Southern California Espionage Related Activity in Southern California, Part 2
    COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND CYBER NEWS AND VIEWS Corporate Headquarters 222 North Sepulveda Boulevard, Suite 1780 El Segundo, California 90245 (310) 536-9876 www.advantagesci.com COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND CYBER NEWS AND VIEWS MARCH 2012 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3 Inside this Issue CI TRENDS CI Trends: Espionage Related 1 Activity in Southern California Espionage Related Activity in Southern California, Part 2 Suspect Counterfeit Electronic 2 In last month’s newsletter, we had only illustrative of one of the oldest techniques Parts Can Be Found on scraped the surface of espionage and used in espionage. The fine art of Front Companies: Who Is the 7 End User? national security related crimes occurring seduction has been used throughout DARPA’s Shredder Challenge 9 within the Los Angeles area. As one of the history to obtain classified information purposes of this newsletter includes serving from males and females. In the cases of Threats To Nanotechnology 10 as an educational tool, the use of actual Data Exfiltration and Output 11 Richard Miller and J.J. Smith, both were Devices - An Overlooked cases to illustrate how espionage has seduced, and then they betrayed the How spies used Facebook to 14 occurred in the past serves to meet this confidences placed in them by the U.S. steal Nato chiefs’ details purpose. Government. Extracts from Wikipedia pertaining to Miller and Smith (not a Retired agent suspected of 16 Everyone likes to hear “spy stories”, except Espionage spying for China: definitive source, but very illustrative for when they hit closest to home. Then the these two cases) follow: ARRESTS, TRIALS, 17 stories are not so fun to hear.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the U.S. Attorneys
    Bicentennial Celebration of the United States Attorneys 1789 - 1989 "The United States Attorney is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffer. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor– indeed, he should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones. It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one." QUOTED FROM STATEMENT OF MR. JUSTICE SUTHERLAND, BERGER V. UNITED STATES, 295 U. S. 88 (1935) Note: The information in this document was compiled from historical records maintained by the Offices of the United States Attorneys and by the Department of Justice. Every effort has been made to prepare accurate information. In some instances, this document mentions officials without the “United States Attorney” title, who nevertheless served under federal appointment to enforce the laws of the United States in federal territories prior to statehood and the creation of a federal judicial district. INTRODUCTION In this, the Bicentennial Year of the United States Constitution, the people of America find cause to celebrate the principles formulated at the inception of the nation Alexis de Tocqueville called, “The Great Experiment.” The experiment has worked, and the survival of the Constitution is proof of that.
    [Show full text]
  • CIA), Oct 1997-Jan 1999
    Description of document: FOIA Request Log for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Oct 1997-Jan 1999 Requested date: 2012 Released date: 2012 Posted date: 08-October-2018 Source of document: FOIA Request Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1998 Case Log Creation Date Case Number Case Subject 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02319 FOIA REQUEST VIETNAM CONFLICT ERA 1961 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02320 FOIA REQUEST PROFESSOR ZELLIG S. HARRIS FOIA REQUEST FOR MEETING MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE COORDINATING COMMITTEE 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02321 (PDCC) 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02322 FOIA REQUEST RE OSS REPORTS AND PAPERS BETWEEN ALLEN DULLES AND MARY BANCROFT 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02323 FOIA REQUEST CIA FOIA GUIDES AND INDEX TO CIA INFORMATION SYSTEMS 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02324 FOIA REQUEST FOR INFO ON SELF 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02325 FOIA REQUEST ON RAOUL WALLENBERG 07-0ct-97 F-1997-02326 FOIA REQUEST RE RAYMOND L.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Watches the Watchmen? the Conflict Between National Security and Freedom of the Press
    WHO WATCHES THE WATCHMEN WATCHES WHO WHO WATCHES THE WATCHMEN WATCHES WHO I see powerful echoes of what I personally experienced as Director of NSA and CIA. I only wish I had access to this fully developed intellectual framework and the courses of action it suggests while still in government. —General Michael V. Hayden (retired) Former Director of the CIA Director of the NSA e problem of secrecy is double edged and places key institutions and values of our democracy into collision. On the one hand, our country operates under a broad consensus that secrecy is antithetical to democratic rule and can encourage a variety of political deformations. But the obvious pitfalls are not the end of the story. A long list of abuses notwithstanding, secrecy, like openness, remains an essential prerequisite of self-governance. Ross’s study is a welcome and timely addition to the small body of literature examining this important subject. —Gabriel Schoenfeld Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute Author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law (W.W. Norton, May 2010). ? ? The topic of unauthorized disclosures continues to receive significant attention at the highest levels of government. In his book, Mr. Ross does an excellent job identifying the categories of harm to the intelligence community associated NI PRESS ROSS GARY with these disclosures. A detailed framework for addressing the issue is also proposed. This book is a must read for those concerned about the implications of unauthorized disclosures to U.S. national security. —William A. Parquette Foreign Denial and Deception Committee National Intelligence Council Gary Ross has pulled together in this splendid book all the raw material needed to spark a fresh discussion between the government and the media on how to function under our unique system of government in this ever-evolving information-rich environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Espionage and Intelligence Gathering Other Books in the Current Controversies Series
    Espionage and Intelligence Gathering Other books in the Current Controversies series: The Abortion Controversy Issues in Adoption Alcoholism Marriage and Divorce Assisted Suicide Medical Ethics Biodiversity Mental Health Capital Punishment The Middle East Censorship Minorities Child Abuse Nationalism and Ethnic Civil Liberties Conflict Computers and Society Native American Rights Conserving the Environment Police Brutality Crime Politicians and Ethics Developing Nations Pollution The Disabled Prisons Drug Abuse Racism Drug Legalization The Rights of Animals Drug Trafficking Sexual Harassment Ethics Sexually Transmitted Diseases Family Violence Smoking Free Speech Suicide Garbage and Waste Teen Addiction Gay Rights Teen Pregnancy and Parenting Genetic Engineering Teens and Alcohol Guns and Violence The Terrorist Attack on Hate Crimes America Homosexuality Urban Terrorism Illegal Drugs Violence Against Women Illegal Immigration Violence in the Media The Information Age Women in the Military Interventionism Youth Violence Espionage and Intelligence Gathering Louise I. Gerdes, Book Editor Daniel Leone,President Bonnie Szumski, Publisher Scott Barbour, Managing Editor Helen Cothran, Senior Editor CURRENT CONTROVERSIES San Diego • Detroit • New York • San Francisco • Cleveland New Haven, Conn. • Waterville, Maine • London • Munich © 2004 by Greenhaven Press. Greenhaven Press is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Greenhaven® and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information, contact Greenhaven Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Coverage of the Jonathan Pollard Spy Case
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication 6-1-2001 Defending the American Dream: Coverage of the Jonathan Pollard Spy Case Barbie Zelizer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers Part of the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Zelizer, B. (2001). Defending the American Dream: Coverage of the Jonathan Pollard Spy Case. Qualitative Sociology, 24 (2), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010722225840 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/71 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Defending the American Dream: Coverage of the Jonathan Pollard Spy Case Abstract This article contemplates the journalistic coverage of American espionage as an attempt to maintain consonance with broader cultural discourses about what it means to be an American. Tracking the American press coverage of the Jonathan Pollard spy case, the article demonstrates that the press turns espionage into a phenomenon upholding fundamental American beliefs in openness, sincerity, and straightforwardness. It shows that, rather than represent espionage as a phenomenon embodying deceit, secrecy, and immoral action, the press turns espionage into a phenomenon that communicates that one is what one says one is and that one's self presentation reflects one's insides. Ultimately, however, this representation of espionage undermines a full understanding of how - and why - spying works in culture. Disciplines Communication | Journalism Studies This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/71 Defending the American Dream: Coverage of the Jonathan Pollard Spy Case Barbie Zelizer Abstract This article contemplates the journalistic coverage of American espionage as an attempt to maintain consonance with broader cultural discourses about what it means to be an American.
    [Show full text]