DOCSLIB.ORG

Religion, Commerce, and Commodity in Japan's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religion, Commerce, and Commodity in Japan's RELIGION, COMMERCE, AND COMMODITY IN JAPAN’S MATERNITY INDUSTRY A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Lisa Kuly May 2009 © 2009 Lisa Kuly RELIGION, COMMERCE, AND COMMODITY IN JAPAN’S MATERNITY INDUSTRY Lisa Kuly, Ph. D. Cornell University 2009 Contemporary services for safe childbirth offered by Buddhist temples and Shintô shrines attract large numbers of pregnant women and their families. These institutions generate much income from their services and also work closely with various maternity-related enterprises, such as obstetricians, retail outlets, printing houses, and manufacturers of infant formula. They have also created narratives where issues related to women and reproduction take center stage in their material culture and menu of ritual services, even though Japanese society, in general, held the attitude throughout history that menstrual blood and lochia defiled the Buddhas and the kami and considered women by extension impure. This dissertation offers a challenging, interdisciplinary approach to understanding the various facets of Japan’s maternity industry. Through participant-observation, field research, and investigation of documents and archives, I illustrate how rituals for safe childbirth have become integral services for select Buddhist temples and Shintô shrines and demonstrate how the concerns of commodification, secularization, and the reconstitution of customs and folkways are activated. Religious rituals of safe childbirth cannot be researched without consideration of the current social crisis of Japan’s low birthrate. This study examines authoritative measures and government policy to manage the reproductive lives of the Japanese that have been in place since the Tokugawa period. Also, the history of gendered devotional practices in Japanese religions concerning life cycle issues must also be included in such a study. In particular, the issues that draw women to appeal to the religious world of miracle and succor and the culturally specific practices that have developed in Japan’s folkways and religious organizations are examined. Interestingly, Both topics, although divergent in theme, methodology, and scope, reveal similar issues concerning ideologies of reproduction, gender, and sexuality. This study considers how these ideologies are implicated in contemporary rituals for safe childbirth. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Lisa Kuly was born in Detroit, Michigan on June 16, 1964. In 1989, soon after she graduated from University of Toronto with a Specialist in English and Drama, she traveled to Japan. Based in Tokyo, she studied the Japanese language, performed in a theater group that specialized in Kyôgen and a Japanese drumming ( wadaiko ) group, and practiced the martial art Aikidô. She returned to North America and completed her Master’s thesis entitled Port Towns, Station Stops, Rice Fields, and Temples: The Journey of Nô at the University of Toronto’s Department of East Asian Studies in 1999. A Monbusho (Monbukagusho) Fellowship brought her back to Japan as a Visiting Scholar. In that capacity, she researched ritual performance under the guidance of Hashimoto Hiroyuki at Chiba University’s Department of Culture from 1999-2001. Concurrently, she trained intensively at Hombu Dôjô, the Aikidô world headquarters in Tokyo. She returned to North America to study Japanese Religions and Ritual Studies with Jane Marie Law at Cornell University’s Department of Asian Studies. A Fulbright Graduate Fellowship brought her back to Japan, where she researched customs and religious rituals related to pregnancy and childbirth under the guidance of Yagi Tôru in Bukkyo University’s Department of Letters from 2006 to 2007. iii For my parents, Elsie and Paul Kuly iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation topic was germinated on a research trip to Japan in the summer of 2004 while pregnant with our first daughter. A cleaner at Nara’s JR station noticed my five-month pregnant belly and recommended a hara-obi , a band women in Japan wrap around their midsections during pregnancy . The helpful information assistants at the station’s Japan Travel Bureau kiosk directed me to Obitoke-dera, a Nara temple famous for its obi, where I did just that. Serendipitously, the world of religious rituals of safe childbirth in Japan opened its gate to me on that day. I never did catch the names of the staff at the train station, but I am grateful for their assistance! The project continued in Kyoto from June 2006 to June 2007 with the pregnancy and birth of our second daughter. I completed this dissertation during the first few months of our third daughter’s life, born in December 2008. Sleep deprivation, computer crashes, revisions, and intense joy mark this stage of my professional and personal life. I am deeply indebted to my advisor Jane Marie Law, who has tirelessly endeavored to help me realize my academic potential. A mentor of the highest degree, she has guided me through the intricacies of academia, helped me strike a balance between intellectual pursuit and work-life concerns, and persistently reminded me to keep an eye out for the issues at stake. I won the committee lottery. Daniel Gold is a scholar’s scholar whose succinct comments and sage advice spurred me on. Kaja McGowan helped me see beyond surfaces and penetrate the depths of structures, acts, and ideas. Compassion forms the v core of my committee and its unwavering support and kindness buoyed me throughout this process. I was able to conduct pre-dissertation research during the auspicious summer of 2004 with a Japan Research Travel Grant from Cornell’s East Asia Program, Gender and Global Change. Thank you to my colleague Matsubara Masaki who invited me to stay at his family’s temple in Tokyo. The kitchen table conversation with Matsubara Masako, Masaki’s mother, and Tomari-san put my research goals into focus. I am grateful for receiving a Fulbright Graduate Research Fellowship that supported my family and my research in Kyoto. David H. Satterwhite, Executive Director of the Japan-United States Education Commission introduced me to the topic of Japan’s demographic crisis that frames my discussion of rituals of safe childbirth. Twenty-four hours after landing in Narita to begin my project, Dr. Satterwhite invited me to a press conference with Inoguchi Kuniko, the then Minister of State for Gender Equality and Social Affairs held at the Tokyo Foreign Correspondent’s Club. I learned an important lesson that day: the political and economic are intertwined with the religious and the cultural and religious phenomena can certainly not be treated in a vacuum. To the competent and caring staff of JUSEC: thank you! Institutional affiliation with Bukkyô University’s Department of Literature under the guidance of Yagi Tôru anchored my dissertation research. I cannot thank Yagi Sensei enough for his support that continues to this day. His generosity with his extensive library, his field research, and his profound knowledge of life cycle rituals in Japan knows no bounds. Takezoe Yuko, Yagi Sensei’s energetic wife, kindly gathered together a spirited bunch of mothers to discuss their experiences for another kitchen table encounter. I am grateful to Daniel Boucher and Mark Blum for vi introducing me to their network of scholars that opened the doors to Bukkyô University. Consultations with Adachi Toshihide, Fukita Takamichi, and Ishida Chiko greatly enriched my understanding of Buddhist rituals concerning life cycle issues and Bodhisattva devotion and helped me gain access into sites. Discussions and snail mail and email exchanges with Emiko Ohunki-Tierney, Ama Toshimaru, Jessey J.C. Choo, Stephen Covell, Duncan William Ryuken and Anna Andreva contributed to the development of many ideas presented in this dissertation and helped fill out ethnographical details. Yoshimura Noriko Sensei warmly made available her home, her experiences, and her library when I travelled to Wakayama City in April 2007. Thank you to Jan Zeserson for introducing us! Kuramoto Gyôkei, head priest of Obitoke-dera, explained to me how a temple operates. His kind invitations to visit his temple keep coming. Imai Jôen of Nakayama-dera found time in his busy schedule as scholar and priest to correct my misconceptions and preconceptions about Japanese religions. Hayashi Shûjûn, head priest of Ôbara shrine, was an exceptional host and I thank him for engaging in a fascinating discussion of theological issues that appears in this dissertation. Hasui Ikuji, head priest of Waraten-jin, kindly took time to introduce me to his shrine. Takemi Kuniko, a sharp, warm-hearted instructor at The Kyoto Center for Japanese Linguistic Studies not only polished my keigo but also offered insightful commentary on my experiences in the field. Yoshihiro Kiyohara, Secretary of Kyoto West Lions Club, invited me to present my research at a club’s monthly meeting at the end of my year of research. The comments and reactions of those in attendance helped me synthesize the events that occurred throughout the year. Thank you to Kawakami Takafumi for arranging this. vii The prodigious crew at the German Institute for Japanese Studies included me on a panel to discuss the social ramifications of Japan’s demographic time-bomb at the Association for Asian Studies annual meeting in Atlanta in April 2008. Thanks to Barbara Holthus and Axel Klein. Ito Peng’s comments helped me hone in on the important issues in my chapter on policy and governance. Glenda S. Roberts kindly discussed her fascinating research with female company workers in Tokyo. Comments I received when I presented topics from my chapter on Ôbara’s parturition hut at a Japan Studies Association of Canada conference at University of Waterloo in October 2008 and at the American Academy’s annual meeting in Chicago in November 2008 further consolidated my ideas about practices of confinement. Thank you to Paula Arai and the Japanese Religions Group for accepting my proposal.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tistic and Religious Aspects of Nosatsu (Senjafuda)
    ~TISTIC AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF NOSATSU (SENJAFUD~ by MAYUMI TAK.ANASlU STEINMETZ A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 1985 iii Copyright Mayumi Takanashi Steinmetz 1985 iv An Abstract of the Thesis of Mayumi Takanashi Steinmetz for the degree of Master of Arts in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies to be taken June 1985 Title: ARTISTIC AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF NOSATSU (SENJAFUDA) Approved: Nosatsu is both a graphic art object and a religious object. Until very recently, scholars have ignored nosatsu because of its associations with superstition and low-class, uneducated ho.bbyists. Recently, however, a new interest in nosatsu has revived because of its connections to ukiyo-e. Early in its history, nosatsu was regarded as a means of showing devotion toward the bodhisattva.Kannon. However, during the Edo period, producing artistic nosatsu was emphasized. more than religious devotion. There was a revival of interest in nosatsu during the Meiji and Taisho periods, and its current popularity suggests a national Japanese nostalgia toward traditional Japan. Using the religious, anthropological, and art historical perspectives, this theses will examine nosatsu and the practices associated with it, discuss reasons for the changes from period to pe~iod, and explore the heritage and the changing values of the Japanese common people. V VITA NAME OF AUTHOR: Mayumi
    [Show full text]
  • Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei
    Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei By ©2016 Alison Miller Submitted to the graduate degree program in the History of Art and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko ________________________________ Dr. Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Dr. David Cateforis ________________________________ Dr. John Pultz ________________________________ Dr. Akiko Takeyama Date Defended: April 15, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Alison Miller certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko Date approved: April 15, 2016 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the political significance of the image of the Japanese Empress Teimei (1884-1951) with a focus on issues of gender and class. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Japanese society underwent significant changes in a short amount of time. After the intense modernizations of the late nineteenth century, the start of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in overseas militarism, turbulent domestic politics, an evolving middle class, and the expansion of roles for women to play outside the home. As such, the early decades of the twentieth century in Japan were a crucial period for the formation of modern ideas about femininity and womanhood. Before, during, and after the rule of her husband Emperor Taishō (1879-1926; r. 1912-1926), Empress Teimei held a highly public role, and was frequently seen in a variety of visual media.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Premarital Pregnancy on Second Childbearing in Japan
    DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 39, ARTICLE 48, PAGES 1305,1330 PUBLISHED 19 DECEMBER 2018 https://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol39/48/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.48 Research Article Order matters: The effect of premarital pregnancy on second childbearing in Japan Fumiya Uchikoshi Ryohei Mogi © 2018 Fumiya Uchikoshi & Ryohei Mogi. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Germany (CC BY 3.0 DE), which permits use, reproduction, and distribution in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/legalcode. Contents 1 Introduction 1306 2 Background 1307 2.1 Recent increase in premarital pregnancy in Japan 1307 2.2 Negative association between premarital pregnancy and second 1309 childbearing 2.3 Positive association between premarital pregnancy and second 1310 childbearing 2.4 Null association between premarital pregnancy and second 1311 childbearing 2.5 Selective mechanisms of premarital pregnancy 1311 3 Data and methods 1312 3.1 Data 1312 3.2 Methods 1315 4 Results 1316 4.1 Results of propensity score matching 1316 4.2 Descriptive analysis 1318 4.3 Results of discrete time logistic model 1320 5 Conclusion 1322 6 Acknowledgments 1324 References 1326 Demographic Research: Volume 39, Article 48 Research Article Order matters: The effect of premarital pregnancy on second childbearing in Japan Fumiya Uchikoshi1 Ryohei Mogi2 Abstract BACKGROUND Although nonmarital childbearing is uncommon in Japan, in contrast to the trends observed in other countries, the number of premarital pregnancies has increased. While prior studies have examined the determinants of premarital pregnancy, little is known about its consequence on individuals’ subsequent childbearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2016
    Hokuhoku Financial Group, Inc. Annual Report 2016 Annual Report 2016 Year ended March 31, 2016 Hokuhoku Financial Group, Inc. Company outline (as of March 31, 2016) Company name: Hokuhoku Financial Group, Inc. Date of establishment: September 26, 2003 Location of head office: 1-2-26 Tsutsumicho-dori, Toyama City Purpose of business: Management and control of subsidiaries and affiliates and ancillary and related business Capital: ¥70,895 million Shares issued and outstanding: Common stock ……………………… 1,351,630,146 Preferred stock (Type 5) …………… 107,432,000 Exchange listings: ‌Tokyo Stock Exchange (First Section) Sapporo Securities Exchange This document contains forward-looking statements. Statements of this kind do not constitute guarantees of future performance, as factors such as changes in the operating environment may cause actual performance to differ. The figures stated in this document are, in principle, rounded down to the nearest whole unit. CONTENTS Profile ……………………………………………………………………… 1 Message from the Management ………………………………………… 2 Medium-term Management Plan ………………………………………… 4 Performance Highlights ………………………………………………… 6 Corporate Governance …………………………………………………… 10 Measures for Compliance………………………………………………… 13 Measures for Risk Management ………………………………………… 15 Characteristics of Our Main Business Area …………………………… 20 Corporate Social Responsibility ………………………………………… 22 Topics ……………………………………………………………………… 24 Consolidated Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheet ………………………………………… 27 Consolidated Statement of Income …………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts # DIJ-Mono 65 Blecken ENGLISH.Fm
    LAURA BLECKEN “SELF-RESPONSIBILITY” IN JAPANESE SOCIETY: A CONCEPTUAL HISTORY AND DISCOURSE ANALYTIC STUDY APPLYING TOOLS FROM THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES * (ENGLISH SUMMARY) * This text is a summary of the PhD thesis on “‘Selbstverantwortung’ in der japa- nischen Gesellschaft: Eine begriffsgeschichtliche und diskursanalytische Unter- suchung mit Methoden der Digital Humanities”, composed under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Christian Oberländer at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. “Self-responsibility” in Japanese Society “SELF-RESPONSIBILITY” IN JAPANESE SOCIETY A CONCEPTUAL HISTORY AND DISCOURSE ANALYTIC STUDY APPLYING TOOLS FROM THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES (ENGLISH SUMMARY) Hostages in war zones, nuclear refugees from Fukushima and workers in pre- carious conditions are just a few examples of the many Japanese assigned per- sonal responsibility for their situation by the word jikosekinin. The term – lit- erally translated as “self-responsibility” – has become a keyword in contem- porary Japanese society. But what does jikosekinin mean, and how was it es- tablished in the Japanese language? This study examines this multi-faceted concept by combining methods of conceptual history and discourse analysis with tools from the digital humanities. It traces the word back to its roots and creates a model for different meanings of jikosekinin, through which various discourses converge. Finally, the study investigates how the word is used to- day by analyzing almost 40,000 blog posts. This procedure allows the omni- presence of jikosekinin in everyday life to be broken down and this concept, torn as it is between traditional moral values and the impacts of global neolib- eralism, to be discussed. 1) INTRODUCTION Around the year 2000, the word jikosekinin started to be called the “keyword of the era” (TAKIKAWA 2001: 32) and was described as “circulating with terrify- ing momentum” (ISHIDA 2001: 46).
    [Show full text]
  • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome June 07-08, 2018 | London, UK
    Day 1 & Abstracts Tracks Scientific 4 th World Congress on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome June 07-08, 2018 | London, UK Page 17 PCOS 2018 Sessions PCOS and Pregnancy | Prevention and Management of PCOS | Effects of PCOS on Women’s Health | Long-Term Effects of PCOS | Day 1 PCOS and Obesity June 07, 2018 Session Chair Session Co-Chair George B. Kudolo M A Hasanat UT Health San Antonio, USA Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh Session Introduction Title: Effect of exposure to second-hand smoke from husbands on sex hormones, metabolic profiles, clinical phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ovulation induction Ronald Wang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Title: Relationship between variants of menstrual disturbance and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in Bangladesh Naresh Parajuli, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh Title: Management for women with PCOS prior to desiring pregnancy Nobuhiko Suganuma, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Title: Prepregnancy phenotype and physiological characteristics in PCOS Tendai M. Chiware, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, USA Title: Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among different phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome Hurjahan Banu, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh Title: The critical role of p66shc oxidative stress pathway in hyperandrogen-induced ovarian fibrosis Yong Wang, Nanjing
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w6w5wz Author Carter, Caleb Swift Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Caleb Swift Carter 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries by Caleb Swift Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor William M. Bodiford, Chair This dissertation considers two intersecting aspects of premodern Japanese religions: the development of mountain-based religious systems and the formation of numinous sites. The first aspect focuses in particular on the historical emergence of a mountain religious school in Japan known as Shugendō. While previous scholarship often categorizes Shugendō as a form of folk religion, this designation tends to situate the school in overly broad terms that neglect its historical and regional stages of formation. In contrast, this project examines Shugendō through the investigation of a single site. Through a close reading of textual, epigraphical, and visual sources from Mt. Togakushi (in present-day Nagano Ken), I trace the development of Shugendō and other religious trends from roughly the thirteenth through mid-nineteenth centuries. This study further differs from previous research insofar as it analyzes Shugendō as a concrete system of practices, doctrines, members, institutions, and identities.
    [Show full text]
  • English Index of Taishō Zuzō
    APPENDIX 2: TEXTS CITED FROM THE TZ. TZ. (Taisho Zuzobu) is the iconographic section of the Taisho edition of the Chinese Tripitaka. The serial numbers of the Hobogirin are given in brackets. Volume 1 1. (2921) Hizoki ‘Record kept secretly’: 1. Kukai (774-835). 2. Mombi (8th cent.). 2. (2922) Daihi-taizd-futsu-daimandara-chu - Shoson-shuji-kyoji-gydso-shoi-shosetsu-fudoki ‘Observations on the bljas, symbols, forms, and disposition of the deities in the Garbhadhatu-mandala’, by Shinjaku (886-927). 3. (2923) Taizo-mandara-shichijushi-mon ‘Seventy-four questions on the Garbhadhatu’, by Shinjaku (886-927). 4. (2924) Ishiyama-shichi-shu ‘Collection of seven items at Ishiyama’, by Junnyu (890-953). The seven items are: Sanskrit name, esoteric name, blja, samaya symbol, mudra, mantra and figure. 5. (2925) Kongokai-shichi-shu ‘Collection of seven items of the Vajradhatu’, by Junnyu (890-953). 6. (2926) Madara-shd ‘Extract from mandala’, by Ninkai (955-1046). No illustration. 7. (2927) Taizo-sambu-ki ‘Note on three families of the Garbhadhatu’ by Shingo (934-1004). 8. (2928) Taiz5-yogi ‘Essential meaning of the Garbhadhatu’, by Jojin (active in 1108). No illustration. 9. (2929) Ryobu-mandara-taiben-sho ‘Comparison of the pair of mandalas’, by Saisen (1025-1115). No illustration. 10. (2930) Taizokai-shiju-mandara-ryaku-mo ndo ‘Dialogue on the fourfold enclosures of the Garbhadhatu’, by Saisen (1025-1115). No illustration. 11. (2931) Kue-hiyo-sho ‘Extract of the essentials of the nine mandalas’, author unknown. 12. (2932) Ryobu-mandara-kudoku-ryakusho ‘Extract on the merit of the pair of mandalas’, by Kakuban (1095-1143).
    [Show full text]
  • Through the Case of Izumo Taishakyo Mission of Hawaii
    The Japanese and Okinawan American Communities and Shintoism in Hawaii: Through the Case of Izumo Taishakyo Mission of Hawaii A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʽI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN AMERICAN STUDIES MAY 2012 By Sawako Kinjo Thesis Committee: Dennis M. Ogawa, Chairperson Katsunori Yamazato Akemi Kikumura Yano Keywords: Japanese American Community, Shintoism in Hawaii, Izumo Taishayo Mission of Hawaii To My Parents, Sonoe and Yoshihiro Kinjo, and My Family in Okinawa and in Hawaii Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my committee chair, Professor Dennis M. Ogawa, whose guidance, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge have provided a good basis for the present thesis. I also attribute the completion of my master’s thesis to his encouragement and understanding and without his thoughtful support, this thesis would not have been accomplished or written. I also wish to express my warm and cordial thanks to my committee members, Professor Katsunori Yamazato, an affiliate faculty from the University of the Ryukyus, and Dr. Akemi Kikumura Yano, an affiliate faculty and President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Japanese American National Museum, for their encouragement, helpful reference, and insightful comments and questions. My sincere thanks also goes to the interviewees, Richard T. Miyao, Robert Nakasone, Vince A. Morikawa, Daniel Chinen, Joseph Peters, and Jikai Yamazato, for kindly offering me opportunities to interview with them. It is a pleasure to thank those who made this thesis possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Meguro Walking Map
    Meguro Walking Map Meguro Walking Map Primary print number No. 31-30 Published February 2, 2020 December 6, 2019 Published by Meguro City Edited by Health Promotion Section, Health Promotion Department; Sports Promotion Section, Culture and Sports Department, Meguro City 2-19-15 Kamimeguro, Meguro City, Tokyo Phone 03-3715-1111 Cooperation provided by Meguro Walking Association Produced by Chuo Geomatics Co., Ltd. Meguro City Total Area Course Map Contents Walking Course 7 Meguro Walking Courses Meguro Walking Course Higashi-Kitazawa Sta. Total Area Course Map C2 Walking 7 Meguro Walking Courses P2 Course 1: Meguro-dori Ave. Ikenoue Sta. Ke Walk dazzling Meguro-dori Ave. P3 io Inok Map ashira Line Komaba-todaimae Sta. Course 2: Komaba/Aobadai area Shinsen Sta. Walk the ties between Meguro and Fuji P7 0 100 500 1,000m Awas hima-dori St. 3 Course 3: Kakinokizaka/Higashigaoka area Kyuyamate-dori Ave. Walk the 1964 Tokyo Olympics P11 2 Komaba/Aobadai area Walk the ties between Meguro and Fuji Shibuya City Tamagawa-dori Ave. Course 4: Himon-ya/Meguro-honcho area Ikejiri-ohashi Sta. Meguro/Shimomeguro area Walk among the history and greenery of Himon-ya P15 5 Walk among Edo period townscape Daikan-yama Sta. Course 5: Meguro/Shimomeguro area Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line Walk among Edo period townscape P19 Ebisu Sta. kyo Me e To tro Hibiya Lin Course 6: Yakumo/Midorigaoka area Naka-meguro Sta. J R Walk a green road born from a culvert P23 Y Yutenji/Chuo-cho area a m 7 Yamate-dori Ave. a Walk Yutenji and the vestiges of the old horse track n o Course 7: Yutenji/Chuo-cho area t e L Meguro City Office i Walk Yutenji and the vestiges of the old horse track n P27 e / S 2 a i k Minato e y Kakinokizaka/Higashigaoka area o in City Small efforts, L Yutenji Sta.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J
    Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Territoriality by Folk Boundaries and Social-Geographical Conditions in Shinto-Buddhist, Catholic, and Hidden Christian Rural Communities on Hirado Island, Western Japan
    Geographical Review of Japan Series B 92(2): 51–71 (2019) Original Article The Association of Japanese Geographers Territoriality by Folk Boundaries http://www.ajg.or.jp and Social-Geographical Conditions in Shinto-Buddhist, Catholic, and Hidden Christian Rural Communities on Hirado Island, Western Japan IMAZATO Satoshi Faculty of Humanities, Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Received December 10, 2018; Accepted November 24, 2019 Abstract This article explores how the sense of territoriality and various background conditions of Japanese rural communities affect the emergence of folk boundaries, which are viewed here as the contours of residents’ cognitive territory represented by religion-based symbolic markers. Specifically, I look at how the particular social-geograph- ical conditions of different communities create diverse conceptions of such boundaries, including the presence or absence of the boundaries, within the same region. Here, I focus on three Japanese villages encompassing seven local religious communities of Shinto-Buddhists, Catholics, and former Hidden Christians on Hirado Island in Kyushu. These villages are viewed respectively as examples of contrastive coexistence, degeneration, and expansion in territoriality. Among the seven religious communities, only those believing in Shinto-Buddhism, as well as Hid- den Christianity, have maintained their folk boundaries. These communities satisfy the conditions of an agglomer- ated settlement form, a size generally larger than ten households, a location isolated from other communities within the village, and strong social integration. In contrast, Catholics have not constructed such boundaries based on their historical process of settlement. However, they have influenced the forms of Shinto-Buddhists’ territoriality, although not those of Hidden Christians.
    [Show full text]