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Apéndices/Appendices Apéndice/Appendix 1 Muestras de Agua/ Muestras de agua recolectadas por Robert Stallard en tres sitios durante el inventario Water Samples biológico rápido de las cuencas de los ríos Yaguas y Cotuhé, Loreto, Perú, del 15 al 30 de octubre de 2010. Las coordenadas geográficas usan WgS 84. Como referencia se incluyen tres muestras de agua recolectada cerca de Iquitos. Muestras de AGuA / Water Samples Sitio/ Descripción/ Muestra/ Fecha Hora/ Latitud/ Longitud/ Elevación/ Corriente/ Apariencia/ Lecho/ Ancho/ Altura de Temperatura/ pH en campo/ pH en Conductividad Conductividad Sedimento/ Site Description Sample (2010)/ Time Latitude (°) Longitude (°) Elevation Flow Appearance Bed Width (m) las riberas/ Temperature Field pH laboratorio/ en campo/ en laboratorio/ Sediment* Date (m) Bank height °C Lab pH* Field conductivity Lab conductivity* (mg/L) (2010) (m) (µS/cm) (µS/cm) CH T2 1060 m Quebrada/Stream AM100001 10/16 10:50 S 2.61097 W 71.49409 130 g Tu, Y Mu 2.0 1.0 25 5.3 5.8 9.2 14.6 18 CH T2 2580 m Quebrada/Stream AM100002 10/16 13:30 S 2.60680 W 71.50583 145 g Ts, Y Y-Br Sa 3.5 1.5 25 5.2 5.8 10.2 9.6 28 CH T2 2880 m Quebrada/Stream AM100003 10/16 14:45 S 2.60860 W 71.50661 147 g Cl, Br Y-Br Sa 3.0 0.5 25 5.0 5.7 5.9 6.8 5 CH T2 3440 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/16 14:45 S 2.61151 W 71.50341 139 Sl Cl, Y Y-Br ga 2.5 1.0 25 – – 8.4 – – CH T2 4380 m Quebrada/Stream AM100004 10/16 15:15 S 2.61507 W 71.49868 132 St Tu, Y-Br Mu 7.0 3.0 25 5.1 5.7 8.2 8.7 10 CH T1 0680 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/17 9:50 S 2.60606 W 71.49565 135 Tr Cl, Y Sa, ga, Sb 3.0 3.0 25 – – 9.7 – – CH T1 0800 m Pequeña naciente en AM100005 10/17 10:00 S 2.60425 W 71.48722 153 Tr Cl Bl-Y Mu 7.0 7.0 26 7.5 7.3 385 443 32 collpa/Mineral lick seep CH T1 2315 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/17 12:25 S 2.59377 W 71.49565 160 Tr Cl Sa, ga, Sb 1.0 1.0 25 – – 10.2 – – CH Helipuerto/ Lluvia/Rain AM100006 10/18 14:35 S 2.61071 W 71.48591 135 R Cl – – – 24 4.4 5.8 6.1 5.8 5 Heliport CH T2 0450 m Quebrada/Stream AM100007 10/18 15:30 S 2.61230 W 71.48927 123 g Tu, Y Mu 3.5 1.5 25 5.3 5.7 7.4 10.1 8 CH T1 0275 m Quebrada/Stream AM100008 10/18 16:00 S 2.60828 W 71.48563 127 g Lb Mu 2.5 1.0 25 5.8 5.7 17.1 18.2 30 CH en campamento/ Río en campamento Choro/ AM100009 10/18 16:30 S 2.61102 W 71.48532 128 g Tu, Y-Br Mu 8.0 3.0 25 5.7 5.7 8.1 8.2 13 At the campsite River at Choro campsite CH en campamento/ Río en campamento Choro AM100010 10/19 14:40 S 2.61102 W 71.48532 132 V Tu, Y-Br Mu 8.0 3.0 25 4.3 5.5 9.3 8.0 67 At the campsite durante inundación/ River at Choro campsite during flood CH T4 5500 m Quebrada Lupuna AM100011 10/19 13:00 S 2.58972 W 71.42472 g Ts, Y Y-Br ga, 15.0 3.0 25 5.3 5.5 9.1 8.4 32 Sa AC T1 0870 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 8:35 S 3.20533 W 70.90155 116 Sl Ob Si 2.0 1.5 24 4.6 – 7.2 – – AC T1 1120 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 9:00 S 3.20829 W 70.90159 121 g Ts, Ob Si 3.0 1.0 24 4.9 – 8.2 – – AC T1 2225 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 10:40 S 3.21776 W 70.90319 126 g Cl Y-Br ga, 3.0 1.0 25 4.9 – 6.2 – – Sa AC T1 2450 m Quebrada/Stream AM100012 10/21 11:15 S 3.22043 W 70.90407 132 M Cl Y-Br ga, 2.0 1.0 25 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.2 8 Sa AC T1 3385 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 12:45 S 3.22207 W 70.90586 121 g Ts, Ob Mu 4.0 1.5 25 5.3 – 9.6 – – AC T3 1725 m Río Cotuhé/ AM100013 10/22 15:30 S 3.19265 W 70.91048 118 St Tu, gr-Br gr Mu, Mg 15.0 3.0 26 5.9 5.5 14.6 15.9 20 Cotuhé River LEYENDA/ * = Los análisis de laboratorio more reliable than lab values, while Sitios/Sites LEgend fueron realizados en el Instituto lab conductivity values are more CH = Campamento Choro/ Smithsonian de Investigaciones reliable than field values. Choro campsite Tropicales, Panamá, por Robert AC = Campamento Alto Cotuhé/ Stallard y Félix Rodríguez. En esta ** = Observe que los valores de Alto Cotuhé campsite tabla los valores de pH de campo conductividad y sedimentos en son más confiables que los de suspensión del río Amazonas CA = Campamento Cachimbo/ laboratorio, mientras los valores de son mucho mayores que los Cachimbo campsite conductividad de laboratorio son registrados en la región Yaguas- más confiables que los de campo./ Cotuhé./Note the much higher Corriente/River flow Laboratory analyses were carried values of conductivity and Tr = Muy débil/Trickle out in Panama at the Smithsonian suspended sediments in the Sl = Débil/Weak Tropical Research Institute by main stem of the Amazon, Robert Stallard and Félix Rodríguez. compared to those recorded M = Moderada/Moderate In this table field pH values are in the Yaguas-Cotuhé region. g = Buena/good St = Fuerte/Strong 274 RAPID BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 23 Apéndice/Appendix 1 Water samples collected by Robert Stallard at three sites during the rapid biological Muestras de Agua/ inventory of the Yaguas and Cotuhé watersheds, Loreto, Peru, on 15-30 October 2010. Water Samples geographic coordinates use WgS 84. Three water samples from the vicinity of Iquitos are provided for context. Muestras de AGuA / Water Samples Sitio/ Descripción/ Muestra/ Fecha Hora/ Latitud/ Longitud/ Elevación/ Corriente/ Apariencia/ Lecho/ Ancho/ Altura de Temperatura/ pH en campo/ pH en Conductividad Conductividad Sedimento/ Site Description Sample (2010)/ Time Latitude (°) Longitude (°) Elevation Flow Appearance Bed Width (m) las riberas/ Temperature Field pH laboratorio/ en campo/ en laboratorio/ Sediment* Date (m) Bank height °C Lab pH* Field conductivity Lab conductivity* (mg/L) (2010) (m) (µS/cm) (µS/cm) CH T2 1060 m Quebrada/Stream AM100001 10/16 10:50 S 2.61097 W 71.49409 130 g Tu, Y Mu 2.0 1.0 25 5.3 5.8 9.2 14.6 18 CH T2 2580 m Quebrada/Stream AM100002 10/16 13:30 S 2.60680 W 71.50583 145 g Ts, Y Y-Br Sa 3.5 1.5 25 5.2 5.8 10.2 9.6 28 CH T2 2880 m Quebrada/Stream AM100003 10/16 14:45 S 2.60860 W 71.50661 147 g Cl, Br Y-Br Sa 3.0 0.5 25 5.0 5.7 5.9 6.8 5 CH T2 3440 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/16 14:45 S 2.61151 W 71.50341 139 Sl Cl, Y Y-Br ga 2.5 1.0 25 – – 8.4 – – CH T2 4380 m Quebrada/Stream AM100004 10/16 15:15 S 2.61507 W 71.49868 132 St Tu, Y-Br Mu 7.0 3.0 25 5.1 5.7 8.2 8.7 10 CH T1 0680 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/17 9:50 S 2.60606 W 71.49565 135 Tr Cl, Y Sa, ga, Sb 3.0 3.0 25 – – 9.7 – – CH T1 0800 m Pequeña naciente en AM100005 10/17 10:00 S 2.60425 W 71.48722 153 Tr Cl Bl-Y Mu 7.0 7.0 26 7.5 7.3 385 443 32 collpa/Mineral lick seep CH T1 2315 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/17 12:25 S 2.59377 W 71.49565 160 Tr Cl Sa, ga, Sb 1.0 1.0 25 – – 10.2 – – CH Helipuerto/ Lluvia/Rain AM100006 10/18 14:35 S 2.61071 W 71.48591 135 R Cl – – – 24 4.4 5.8 6.1 5.8 5 Heliport CH T2 0450 m Quebrada/Stream AM100007 10/18 15:30 S 2.61230 W 71.48927 123 g Tu, Y Mu 3.5 1.5 25 5.3 5.7 7.4 10.1 8 CH T1 0275 m Quebrada/Stream AM100008 10/18 16:00 S 2.60828 W 71.48563 127 g Lb Mu 2.5 1.0 25 5.8 5.7 17.1 18.2 30 CH en campamento/ Río en campamento Choro/ AM100009 10/18 16:30 S 2.61102 W 71.48532 128 g Tu, Y-Br Mu 8.0 3.0 25 5.7 5.7 8.1 8.2 13 At the campsite River at Choro campsite CH en campamento/ Río en campamento Choro AM100010 10/19 14:40 S 2.61102 W 71.48532 132 V Tu, Y-Br Mu 8.0 3.0 25 4.3 5.5 9.3 8.0 67 At the campsite durante inundación/ River at Choro campsite during flood CH T4 5500 m Quebrada Lupuna AM100011 10/19 13:00 S 2.58972 W 71.42472 g Ts, Y Y-Br ga, 15.0 3.0 25 5.3 5.5 9.1 8.4 32 Sa AC T1 0870 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 8:35 S 3.20533 W 70.90155 116 Sl Ob Si 2.0 1.5 24 4.6 – 7.2 – – AC T1 1120 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 9:00 S 3.20829 W 70.90159 121 g Ts, Ob Si 3.0 1.0 24 4.9 – 8.2 – – AC T1 2225 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 10:40 S 3.21776 W 70.90319 126 g Cl Y-Br ga, 3.0 1.0 25 4.9 – 6.2 – – Sa AC T1 2450 m Quebrada/Stream AM100012 10/21 11:15 S 3.22043 W 70.90407 132 M Cl Y-Br ga, 2.0 1.0 25 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.2 8 Sa AC T1 3385 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/21 12:45 S 3.22207 W 70.90586 121 g Ts, Ob Mu 4.0 1.5 25 5.3 – 9.6 – – AC T3 1725 m Río Cotuhé/ AM100013 10/22 15:30 S 3.19265 W 70.91048 118 St Tu, gr-Br gr Mu, Mg 15.0 3.0 26 5.9 5.5 14.6 15.9 20 Cotuhé River V = Muy fuerte/Very strong Lecho/Bed Ws = Arena blanca/White sand R = Rainfall/Lluvia Ba = Ramas/Branches Bl = Azul/Blue ga = Grava/gravel Br = Marrón/Brown Apariencia del agua/ Mg = Grava de lodolito/Mudstone gravel gr = Gris/gray Appearance of the water Mu = Fango/Mud Y = Amarilla/Yellow Cl = Clara/Clear Sa = Arena/Sand Tu = Turbia/Turbid Sb = Bloques de arenisca/Sandstone Ts = Algo turbia/Slightly turbid blocks Br = Marrón/Brown Sh = Lulita y piedritas de óxido de Lb = Marrón claro/Light brown hierro/Shale and iron-oxide pebbles Ob = Marrón orgánico/Organic brown Si = Limo y materia orgánica/Silt and Db = Marrón oscuro/Dark brown organic debris gr = Gris/gray Y = Amarilla/Yellow PERú: YAGuAS-COTuHÉ junio / june 2011 275 Apéndice/Appendix 1 Muestras de Agua/ Water Samples Muestras de AGuA / Water Samples Sitio/ Descripción/ Muestra/ Fecha Hora/ Latitud/ Longitud/ Elevación/ Corriente/ Apariencia/ Lecho/ Ancho/ Altura de Temperatura/ pH en campo/ pH en Conductividad Conductividad Sedimento/ Site Description Sample (2010)/ Time Latitude (°) Longitude (°) Elevation Flow Appearance Bed Width (m) las riberas/ Temperature Field pH laboratorio/ en campo/ en laboratorio/ Sediment* Date (m) Bank height °C Lab pH* Field conductivity Lab conductivity* (mg/L) (2010) (m) (µS/cm) (µS/cm) AC en el Quebrada en AM100014 10/23 7:10 S 3.19859 W 70.89914 116 M Lb gr Mu, Mg 15.0 3.0 25 5.2 5.5 10.5 7.0 12 campamento/ campamento AC/ At the campsite Stream in AC camp AC T3 1380 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/23 8:30 S 3.19331 W 70.90801 117 Sl Lb gr Mu, Mg 4.0 1.5 25 5.0 – 9.5 – – AC T3 3040 m Quebrada/Stream – 10/23 10:10 S 3.18798 W 70.90257
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    Pourouma cecropiifolia 1 Pourouma cecropiifolia Uva caimarona Clasificación científica Reino: Plantae División: Magnoliophyta Clase: Magnoliopsida Subclase: Hamamelidae Orden: Urticales Familia: urticaceae Género: Pourouma Especie: P. cecropiifolia Nombre binomial Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart. 1831 Sinonimia • Pourouma cecropiaefolia • Pourouma uvifera • Pourouma multifida Pourouma cecropiifolia, comúnmente llamado caimarón o uvilla, es una especie de árbol frutal originario de la selva amazónica (norte de Bolivia, oeste de Brasil, sudeste de Colombia, este de Ecuador, este de Perú, sur de Venezuela).[1] que produce una fruta denominada caimarona o uva de monte. Los amerindios la cultivan, desde mucho antes de la llegada de los españoles y portugueses a América. Aún es posible encontrar variedades silvestres. Tiene de 12 a 15 m (y no infrecuente 20 m) de altura. El tronco es cilíndrico, delgado, con copa, corteza gris provista de anillos. Sus hojas son alternas, profundamente lobuladas, compuestas, con 9–11 folíolos de 10–20 cm × 2,5–4 cm, y un pecíolo de 20 cm de largo. Flores blancas, producidas 20 o más juntas en una inflorescencia de 10 cm de largo; al ser dioico tiene cada sexo en pies distintos: dos clases de flores, las pestiladas o hembras y las estaminadas o machos. Fruto ovoide, 4 cm de diámetro, drupaceo. La cáscara es verde al formarse, se vuelve violeta al madurar y se desprende con facilidad; la pulpa es blancuzca, dulce y jugosa y envuelve una semilla.[2][3] Además de agua contiene fósforo, potasio y prequeñas cantidades de calcio, hierro, sodio, vitaminas B y C y grasa. Se consume directamente como fruta o se utiliza en la preparación de bebidas refrescantes o en la fabricación de néctares, jaleas, mermeladas y vino.
  • 12. Plantas Y Líquenes Del Parque Nacional Natural De La Serranía De

    12. Plantas Y Líquenes Del Parque Nacional Natural De La Serranía De

    PLANTAS Y LÍQUENES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SERRANÍA DE CHIRIBIQUETE, COLOMBIA Dairon Cárdenas1*1*,, MaríaMaría FernandaFernanda GonzálezGonzález12 ,, NóridaNórida MarínMarín11 y Sonia Sua11,, JulioJulio BetancurBetancur2 RESUMEN principales de formaciones vegetales registrados para la Guayana: bosques, matorrales, praderas o Se presenta el inventario de las plantas y los pastizales y la vegetación pionera sobre roca dura. líquenes del Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de En los afloramientos rocosos predominan especies Chiribiquete (PNNSCh), obtenido a través de como: Abolboda spp., Acanthella sprucei, Bonnetia información de herbarios y exploraciones de campo. sessilis, Calliandra vaupesiana, Clusia spp., Cyrilla Chiribiquete es el área protegida más grande de racemiflora, Decagonocarpus oppositifolius, Drosera Colombia, pertenece a la formación Guayana, esmeraldae, Euphronia hirtelloides, Gongylolepis tiene altitudes entre 200 y 800 metros y representa una gran meseta tectónica fraccionada por erosión martiana, Hevea nitida, Molongum lucidum, hídrica y disectada en numerosas mesas (tepuyes). Navia spp., Ochthocosmus berryi, Monotrema aemu- Se registraron 2,138 especies que corresponden lans, Pachira coriacea, Parahancornia surrogata, al 7.6 % de las encontradas en Colombia y al 66.5 Senefelderopsis chiribiquetensis, Steyerbromelia % de las de la región amazónica. Las familias con garcia-barrigae, Styrax rigidifolius, Tepuianthus más especies fueron: Fabaceae (184), Rubiaceae savannensis, Utricularia spp., Vellozia tubiflora (167)
  • A Comprehensive Species-Level Molecular Phylogeny of the New World

    A Comprehensive Species-Level Molecular Phylogeny of the New World

    YMPEV 4758 No. of Pages 19, Model 5G 2 December 2013 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2013) xxx–xxx 1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev 5 6 3 A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World 4 blackbirds (Icteridae) a,⇑ a a b c d 7 Q1 Alexis F.L.A. Powell , F. Keith Barker , Scott M. Lanyon , Kevin J. Burns , John Klicka , Irby J. Lovette 8 a Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, and Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 9 55108, USA 10 b Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA 11 c Barrick Museum of Natural History, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA 12 d Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14950, USA 1314 15 article info abstract 3117 18 Article history: The New World blackbirds (Icteridae) are among the best known songbirds, serving as a model clade in 32 19 Received 5 June 2013 comparative studies of morphological, ecological, and behavioral trait evolution. Despite wide interest in 33 20 Revised 11 November 2013 the group, as yet no analysis of blackbird relationships has achieved comprehensive species-level sam- 34 21 Accepted 18 November 2013 pling or found robust support for most intergeneric relationships. Using mitochondrial gene sequences 35 22 Available online xxxx from all 108 currently recognized species and six additional distinct lineages, together with strategic 36 sampling of four nuclear loci and whole mitochondrial genomes, we were able to resolve most relation- 37 23 Keywords: ships with high confidence.
  • Etar a Área De Distribuição Geográfica De Anfíbios Na Amazônia

    Etar a Área De Distribuição Geográfica De Anfíbios Na Amazônia

    Universidade Federal do Amapá Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Mestrado e Doutorado UNIFAP / EMBRAPA-AP / IEPA / CI-Brasil YURI BRENO DA SILVA E SILVA COMO A EXPANSÃO DE HIDRELÉTRICAS, PERDA FLORESTAL E MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS AMEAÇAM A ÁREA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ANFÍBIOS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA MACAPÁ, AP 2017 YURI BRENO DA SILVA E SILVA COMO A EXPANSÃO DE HIDRE LÉTRICAS, PERDA FLORESTAL E MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS AMEAÇAM A ÁREA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ANFÍBIOS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO) da Universidade Federal do Amapá, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade Tropical. Orientador: Dra. Fernanda Michalski Co-Orientador: Dr. Rafael Loyola MACAPÁ, AP 2017 YURI BRENO DA SILVA E SILVA COMO A EXPANSÃO DE HIDRELÉTRICAS, PERDA FLORESTAL E MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS AMEAÇAM A ÁREA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ANFÍBIOS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA _________________________________________ Dra. Fernanda Michalski Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP) _________________________________________ Dr. Rafael Loyola Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) ____________________________________________ Alexandro Cezar Florentino Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP) ____________________________________________ Admilson Moreira Torres Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA) Aprovada em de de , Macapá, AP, Brasil À minha família, meus amigos, meu amor e ao meu pequeno Sebastião. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a CAPES pela conceção de uma bolsa durante os dois anos de mestrado, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBio) pelo apoio logístico durante a pesquisa realizada. Obrigado aos professores do PPGBio por todo o conhecimento compartilhado. Agradeço aos Doutores, membros da banca avaliadora, pelas críticas e contribuições construtivas ao trabalho.
  • Caracterización Florística Y Estructural Como Línea De Base Para La

    Caracterización Florística Y Estructural Como Línea De Base Para La

    Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 45(174):190-207, enero-marzo de 2021 doi: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1167 Ciencias Naturales Artículo original Caracterización florística y estructural como línea de base para la restauración ecológica de bosques en la microcuenca del río Barbas, Colombia Floristic and structural characterization as a baseline for ecological restoration processes in the Río Barbas watershed, Colombia Clara Eugenia Roa-García1,*, Alba Marina Torres-González2 1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Palmira, Palmira, Colombia 2 Universidad del Valle, Departamento de Biología, Cali, Colombia Resumen Se hizo la caracterización florística del bosque de la microcuenca del río Barbas, zona de amortiguamiento del Distrito de Conservación de Suelos Barbas-Bremen, Risaralda, Colombia, con el fin de seleccionar especies para iniciar procesos regionales de restauración ecológica. Se utilizó el método de muestreo de Gentry estableciendo 10 transectos de 50 m de longitud y 2 m de ancho. Con base en información secundaria, se documentó el estado sucesional, el mecanismo de dispersión, el estado de conservación y los usos antrópicos. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron Rubiaceae (13), Melastomataceae (10) y Lauraceae (5). La riqueza de especies (62) se concentró en las clases diamétricas y altimétricas inferiores (<8,3 cm y <17 m, respectivamente). Ocho de las especies sumaron el 50 % del índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y se registraron 33 especies por fuera del muestreo para un total de 95. Una gran proporción de las especies correspondió a sucesionales tardías (54,7 %) y un alto porcentaje a especies dispersadas por animales Citación: Roa-García CE, Torres- (83 %); por otra parte, se encontraron 11 especies en alguna categoría de amenaza a nivel regional.