1224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 8 476 and House bill 2562, providing for increased rates of pension 2598. By Mr. WINGO : Petition of citizens of Sebastian to the men who served in the armed forces of the United States County, Ark., in behalf of increased pensions to veterans of the during the Spanish War period; to the Committee on Pensions. Spanish-American War; to the Committee on Pensions. 2580. Also, petition of Virgil H. Doss and several other citi zens of Kaufman County, Tex., requesting the passage by the Seventy-first Congress of Senate bill 476 and House bill 2562, SENATE providing for the increased rates of pension to the men who sen·ed in the armed forces of the United States during the 'VEDNESDAY, January 8, 1930 Spanish War period; to the Committee on Pensions. 2581. By Mr. SCHNEIDER: Petition urging the speedy con (Legislative day of Mo,ndav, Jan1uary 6, 1930) sideration and passage of Senate bill 476 and Hou e bill 2562, The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of providing increased rates of pension for Spanish War veterans, the recess. signed by citizens of Oconto, Wis.; to the Committee on Pensions. CHARLES F. BOND, RECEIVER, 'V. THE UNITED STATES (8. DOC. NO. 66) 2582. By Mr. SHORT of Missouri : Petition of citizens of Christian County, 1\:lo., urging increa ed pensions for soldiers The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica of the Civil War and widows of soldiers; to the Committee on tion from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claim , tran mit Invalid Pensions. ting. pursuant to law, a certified copy of the memorandum filed 2583. Also, petition of citizens of 1\:lis issippi County, Mo., by the court June 10, 1929, in the cause of Charles F. Bond, urging increased pensions for soldiers of the Spanish War; to as receiver of the partnership of Thorp & Bond, against the the Committee on Pen ion . United States, Congressional No. 17635, which was referred to 2584. Also, petition of citizens of Stoddard County, Mo., urg the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed. ing increased pensions for Spanish War veterans; to the Com ENROLLED BU,L BIG NED mittee on Pensions. The VICE PRESIDENT announced his signature to the en 2585. By Mr. SNOW: Petition of F. C. Soule, of Smyrna rolled bill ( S. 1764) to grant the consent of Congress to the l\Iills, Me., and many others, urging the passage of Senate bill Highway Department of the State of Tennessee to maintain a 108, to prevent unfair practices in the marketing of perishable bridge across the French Broad River on the Newport-Asheville farm products; to the Committee on Agriculture. (N. C.) Road near the town of Del Rio, in Cocke County, 2586. Also, petition of Edward Johnson, of Monson, Me., and Tenn., which bad previously been signed by the Speaker of the many others, urging the speedy passage of Senate bill 476 Hou e of Representatires. and House bill 2562; to the Committee on Pensions. LOAD-LINE LJOOISLATION (S. DOO. NO. 65) 2587. By 1\Ir. SPROUL of illinois: Petition of 100 citizens of Chicago, Ill., not members of the United Spanish War Vet l\Ir. JONES. l\Ir. Pre ident, a day or two ago a report was erans, or of any of its allied organization , urging speedy con submitted by the Department of Commerce, pursuant to Senate sideration and passage of Senate bill 476 and House bill 2562, Resolution 345 of the Seventieth Congress, second session, providing for increased rates of pensions to the men who served relating to load-line legislation, which was referred to the in the armed forces of the United States during the Spanish Committee on Commerce, but it was not ordered to be printed. American War period; to the Committee on Pensions. It is an important report relating to a very important matter. 2588. Also, petition of 80 citizens of Chicago, Ill., not mem I ask, therefore, that the report may be printed. ber of the United Spanish War Veterans, or any of its allied The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the report will organizations, urging speedy consideration and passage of Sen be printed as a document. ate bill 476 and House bill 2562, providing for increased rates PETITIONS of pensions to the men who served in the armed forces of the Mr. JOHNSON pre ented a petition of sundry citizens of United States during the Spanish-American War period; to West Los Angeles, Calif., praying for the passage of legislation the Committee on Pensions. granting increa ed pensions to Spanish War veterans, which 2589. Also, petition by 80 citizens of Chicago, Ill., not mem was referred to the Committee on Pensions. ber of the United Spanish War Veterans, or any of its allied Mr. KEAN presented petitions of sundry citizens of Asbury organizations, urging speedy consideration and passage of Sen Park, Ocean Grove, Bayonne, Carteret, Mantua, Hudson, and ate bill 476 and House bill 2562, providing for increased rates Bergen Counties, and other citizens, all in the State of New of pensions to the men who served in the armed forces of the Jersey, praying for the passage of legislation granting increased UI1ited States during the Spanish-American War period; to the pensions to SIJanish War veterans, which were referred to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Pensions. 2590. By Mr. SUMMERS of Washington: Petition signed by Mr. SHEPPARD presented petitions of sundry citizens of Frank Reed, D. D. Rugg, S. L. Smith, and other citizens of Whitewright, Grayson County, and of Bowie County, Tex., pray· Ellen burg, Kittitas County, Wash., in support of legislation ing for the pas age of legi lation granting increased pensions to in behalf of Spanish War veterans and widows of veterans; to Spanish-American War \"eterans, which were referred to the the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Pensions. 2591. Also, petition signed by l\I. C. Garner, l\1. W. Da"ies, He also presented a resolution adopted by the board of Levi Harley, and other citizens of Cle Elum, Kittitas County, directors of the Young Women's Christian A sociation of Hou - Wash., in support of legislation in behalf of Spanish War vet ton, Tex. favoring ratification of the proposed protocol for erans and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Pensions. United State ~ membership in the World Court, ·which was re 2592. Also, petition signed by Thomas Deane, Ed. Steinhilb, ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. D. G. Dillon, and other citizens of Yakima County, Wash., in l\Ir. JONES presented a resolution adopted by Local No. 359, support of legislation in behalf of Spanish War veterans and Journeymen Barbers' Union, of Centralia, Wash., favoring the widows of veterans ; to the Committee on Pensions. passage of legislation granting increased pensions to Spanish 2593. Also, petiUon signed by T. H. Dingle, Ed Davis, Ira War veterans, which was referred to the Committee on Pen Gray, and other citizens of Dayton, Columbia County, Wash., in sions. support of legislation in behalf of Spani h War veterans and He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of Vancouver widows of veterans ; to the Committee on Pensions. and Clark County, in the State of Washington, praying for the 2594. Also, petition signed by W. LaVine, ·w. H. Lee, A. E. passage of legislation granting increased pensions to Spanish Glidden, and other citizens of the fourth congressional distiict War veterans, which were referred to the Committee on Pen of Washington, in support of legislation in behalf of Spanish sions. War veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee on He also presented the petition of l\Irs. 1\1. H. Reynold and Pensioru. sundry other citizens of the State of Wa hington, praying for 2595. Also, petition signed by C. E. Culp, Fred T. Hofmann, the pas age of legislation granting increa ed pensions to Civil Willis Hall, and other citizens of Ellensburg, Kittitas County, War veterans and the widow of veterans, which was referred Wa h., in support of legislation in behalf of Spanish War vet to the Committee on Pensions. erans and widows of veterans ; to the Committee on Pensions. REPORT OF POSTAL NOMINATIONS 2596. By 1\Ir. U!\'DERWOOD: Petition of James L. Nelson Mr. PHIPPS, as in open executive session, from the Com and other residents of Kingston, Ross County, Ohio, asking for mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads, reported sundry post legislation to increase the pension of Spanish-American War office nominations, which were ordered to be placed on the veterans; to the Committee on Pensions. Executi\"e Calendar. 2597. Also, petition of James Straley and other residents of Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, asking for legislation to in ENROLLED BILL PRESENTED crease the pension of Spani~h-American War veterans; to the Mr. GREENE, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported Committee on Pensions. that on to-day, January 8, 1930, that committee pre ented to the , 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1225 President of the United States the enrolled bill (S. 1764) to A bill ( S. 3006) granting a pension to William A. Carl; to grant the consent of Congress to the Highway Department of the Committee on Pensions. the State of Tennessee to maintain a bridge across the French A bill ( S. 3037) to authorize the disposal of public land clas Broad River on the Newport-Asheville (N. C.) Road near the sified as temporarily or permanently unproductive on Federal town of Del Rio, in Cocke Coonty, Tenn. iiTigation projects; to the Committee on Irrigation and Recla mation. BILLS INTRODUCED By Mr. COPELAND: Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous A bill ( S. 3038) for the relief of the N a tiona! Surety Co. ; consent, the second time, and referred as follows : A bill ( S. 3039) for the relief of the estate of George B. By Mr. JONES: Spearin, deceased ; and . A bill ( S. 3012) for the erection of a Federal building at A bill (S. 304{)) for the relief of Capt. Chester G. Mayo, Colville, Wash.; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Supply Corps, United States Navy; to the Committee on Claims. Grounds. By Mr. BLAINE: By Mr. SHEPPARD: A bill ( S. 3041) to amend the act entitled ".An act conferring A bill ( S. 3013) for the payment of the expenses of the· Fed jurisdiction upon the Court Of Claims to hear, examine, adjudi eral Farm Loan Board by the United States; to the Committee cate, and enter judgment in any claims which the Seminole on Banking and Currency. Indians may have against the United States, and fo1· other pur A bill (S. 3014) for the relief of W. G. McGee; and po es," approved May 20, 1924, as amended; to the Committee A bill ( S. 3015) for the relief of W. G. McGee; to the Com on the Judiciary. mittee on Claims. By Mr. SMOOT: By l\Ir. Mcl\I..A.STER: A bill ( S. 3042) to amend the interstate commerce act, as A bill (S. 3016) to authorize an appropriation for the pur amended, to permit common carriers to give free carriage or re chase of land in South Dakota for use as camp sites or rifle duced rates to State commissions exercising jurisdiction O\er ranges for the National Guard of said State; .to the Committee common carriers; to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. on Military Affairs. By l\Ir. RANSDELL: A bill ( S. 3017) to amend the World War veterans' act, 1924, A bill (S. 3043) authorizing the establishment of a national as amended ; to the Committee on Finance. hydraulic laboratory in the Bureau of Standards of the Depart A bill (S. 3018) authorizing an appropriation for the erection ment of Commerce and the construction of a building therefor; of a monument at Stm·gis, S. Dak., in honor of Charles Nolin; to the Committee on Commerce. to the Committee on the Library. By Mr. PIDPPS: A bill ( S. 3019) granting an ·increase of pension to Margaret A bill (S~ 3044) to amend section 39 of title 39 of the United A. Ridgway ; to the Committee on Pensions. States Code; to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. By l\Ir. HALE: A ·bm (S. 3020) granting an increase of pension to Lizzie J. CARE AJ\"TD OPERATION OF SENATE OFFICE BUILDING Gilman (with accompanying papers) ; and Mr. MOSES submitted the following resolution ( S. Res. 195), A bill (S. 3021) granting an increase of pension to Joseph A. which was referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Libby (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pen Contingent Expenses of the Senate: sions. Resolved, That the Committee on Rules is hereby authorized to ex By Mr. SACKETT: pend from the appropriation fo.r miscellaneous items, contingent fund A bill (S. 3022) granting a pension to Mary E. Bretney (with of the Senate, fiscal year 1928, $5,000 for maintenance, miscellaneous accompanying papers) ; iteins, supplies, equipment, and labor for the care and operation of the A bill (S. 3023) granting an increase of pension to Mary F. Senate Office Building. Durham (with accompanying papers); and . Mr. DENEEN ubsequently, from the Committee to Audit and A bill (S. 3024) granting (lD increase of pension to Armedie Wise (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pen Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to which was sions. referred the foregoing resolution, reported it without amend By Mr. BORAH: ment, and it was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to. A bill ( S. 3025) granting an incr·ease of pension to Nancy PBOPOS:ED INVESTIGATION OF ESPIONAGE IN INDUSTRY Parks {with an accpmpanying papE>r) ; to the Committee on Mr. WHEELER submitted the following resolution ( S. Res. Pensions. 196), which was referred to the Committee on Education and A bill (S. 3026) autholizing the General Accounting Office Labor: to make certain credits in the accounts of Horace Lee Wash Whereas various court proceedings and published investigations have ington and Arthur B. Cooke, United States Consular Service ; tended to show that a large number of private detective agencies are to the Committee on Foreign Relations. obtaining large sums of mQney from business concerns and organizations By .Mr. NORRIS : by falsely representing movements among their employees by joining A bill ( S. 3027) granting a pension to Dwight W. Cotton; labor organizations and advocating revolutionary methods for the pur to the Committee on Pensions. pose of discrediting said labor organizations, and by manufacturing A bill (S. 3028) authorizing the President of the United States scares concerning radical propaganda and alleged plans for the use of to preEent in the name of Congress a congressional medal of violence in industrial confiict ; and honor to James C. Shaw; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Whereas these agencies, and other interests connected with them, are By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: detrimental to peaceful relationship between employers and employees, .A bill (S. 3029) granting an increase of pension to John G. setting up a system of espionage in industry, thriving on the unrest Hawkins; to the Committee on Pensions. and fear they create, and spreading false rumors and scares and often By Mr. HARRIS : bringing about strikes in order to maintain their alleged services : A bill (S. 3030) to amend an act entitled "An act to provide Therefore be it for the further development of agricultural extension work Re8oh:ed, That the Committee on Education and Labor be, and hereby between the agricultural colleges in the several States receiving is, empowered to conduct an inquiry into the extent of this system of the benefits of the act entitled 'An act donating public lands industrial espionage in all its ramifications, and to report to the Senate to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges what legislation, in the commi,ttee's judgment, is desirable to correct for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts,' approved such practices as they may find inimical to the public welfare. July 2, 1862, and all acts supplementary thereto, and the United States Department of Agriculture," approved l\Iay 22, 1928; to SENATE MISSISSIPPI ENG! "EEP.ING ADVISORY BOARD the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Mr. FRAZIER submitted the following resolution ( S. Res. By Mr. WAGNER: 197), which was referred to the Commit,tee on Commerce: A bill (S. 3031) for the relief of James Scott; to the Commit Resolved, That there be hereby established a board to be designated tee on Military Affairs. as the Senate Mississippi engineering advisory board, composed of nine A bill (S. 3032) for the relief of Commander F'rancis. James members to be named by the President of the Senate. One member Cleary, United States Navy; to the Committee on Naval Affair . shall be an expert economist, chosen from names submitted by the (By request.) A bill (S. 3033) relating to sales and contracts Secretary of Commerce. Two shall be members of the Corps of Engi to sell in interstate and foreign commerce; to the Committee on neers, United States Army, selected from names submitted by the Interstate Commerce. Chief of Engineers, United States Army, and the remaining six mem· By Mr. WHEELER: bers shall be distinguished civilian engineers of great attainment, eaeh A bill (S. 3034) for the relief of W. H. Presleigh; to the Com ot whom prefe-rably shall be an expert, civil, mechanical, hydraulic, mittee on Claims. dredging, marine construction, lock and dam, structural steel, or A bill ( S. 3035) for the relief of Benjamin F. Johnson; to the foundation engineer, and shall be selected from names to be submitted Committee on Finance. by the American Engineering Council. 1226 CONGRESSIONAL RECOJ1D-SENATE - J.ANUARY8
SEc. 2. It shall be the duty of- the Senate Mis issippi engineering The legislative-clerk called the roll, and the following Senators advisory board (1) to investigate the feasibility of the adopted project answered to their names: of the flood control act of 1928 (Jndwiu project) and the Riker overland Allen Frazier Kean Schall .,., seaway project, both projects as to their feasibility, their merits, and Ashurst George Kendrick Sheppard their demerits, including estimates of their first cost, their revenues, ~fn~~am 8f~:!t ~fK;s ~~~~~sge benefits to inland navigation, flood conb·ol, and drainage of the valley, Black Glenn La Follette Smoot and such other projects or plans as the board shall deem advisable, and Blaine Goff McCulloch Sh•iwer (2) report their conclusions and recommendations to the Commerce ~~~~ g~~;~e ~~~;1;;:r ~~~~~~ Committee of the Senate at the earliest possible date during the present Bratton Grundy Me_ ·ary Thomas, Idaho session of Congres , which shall embody a comprehensive plan for carry- Brock Hale Moses Thomas. Okla. ing out their recommendations, together with an approximate estimate · ~rookbarJ ~!~~~on ~~~~fsck :f,~~ri~3 of its cost and the time required to place it in effective operation; also c~~~~ar Hastings Nye Tydings about bow much land will be required, together with their recommendn- Caraway Hatfield Oddie Vandenberg tion as to how it should be financed and under whose direction it should CCopeJand Hltwes Overman . Wagner be constructed. Doaulezens HHaebyedrten PhippsPatt£>rson WalWalcott h, Mass. SEC. 3. The Vice President is hereby authorized to present some suit- Deneen Heflin Pittman Walsh, Mont. able token to the m£>mbers of this board to express and commemorate Dill Howell Ransdell Waterman ll'ess Johnson Robinson, Ind. Watson the appreciation of the Senate for th£>ir services so rendered without Fletcher Jones Sackett Wheeler compensation, the cost of which, together with the necessary expendi- Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I regret to announce the tures of the board and the traveling expenses of the same, shall be paid unavoidable absence of my colleague the junior Senator from out of the contingent fund of the Senate, not to exceed $-. Maryland [Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH] on account of the death of his RADIO BROADCASTING LICENSES (S. DOC. NO. 64) wife. 1\Ir. DILL. Mr. President, on December 11 a report was re- Mr. HEBERT. The senior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ceived by the Senate from the Radio Commission in response METCALF] is necessarily ab ent on account of illness. I ask 1 f b ·u d b th s t fr K t k [M that the announcement may stand for the day. t o a reso u wn su mi e Y e ena or om en uc Y r. :Mr. SHEPPARD. I wish to announce that the Senator from SACKETT] as to the manner in which the commission had carried out the so-called Davis amendment. That report has never been South Carolina [Mr. SMITH] is nece sarily detained from the printed. The Interstate Commerce Committee is about to hold- Senate by illness in his family. hearings in which the Radio Commi.,sion will be questioned The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-four Senators have an- about this matter. I de ire to ask that the report to which I swered to their names. A quorum is present. refer may be printed as a public document, so that we may have Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I ask that the clerk may be it before us. directed to report the pending amendment. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will state the pending amendment. REVISION OF THE TA.IUF.F The CHIEF CLERK. On page 184, line 7, the committee pro The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con poses to strike out " rayon filaments " and to insert " filaments sideration of the bill (H. R. 2667) to provide revenue, to regulate of rayon or other synthetic textile, not exceeding 30 inches in commerce with foreign countries, to encourage the industries of length," so as to read: the United States, to protect American labor, and for other Filaments of rayon or other synthetic textile, not exceeding 30 inches purpo ·es. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Mr. President, may I first in length, other than waste, further known as cut fiber, staple fiber, or ask that Miss Ruth Peterson, special expert on rayon from the by any other name, 20 per cent ad valorem. Tariff Commission, be granted admission to the Chamber in Mr. WALSH of l\lassachusett . Mr. Pre ident, probably this order that she may sit at my side and that I may avail myself amendment and the following amendment should be treated of her services during further consideration of the rayon sched together. They are both included in one clause. They deal ule? There seems to be some question whether a woman has the with the levying of a tariff duty upon filaments of rayon or other right to be admitt~d to the fioor. I ask unanimous consent that synthetic textiles not exceeding 30 inches in length. To the she may be admitted for the purpose stated. definition I have no objection. It is the change in rate which Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, not that I have any objection, is proposed in the second part of the paragraph which I wish but the Senator made the remark that the tariff expert is a to discuss. - woman. 1\lr. SMOOT. That is the following amendment. l\lr. WALSH of Ma sachusetts. Yes; and she has had some Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Yes. Therefore I perhaps difficulty in obtaining entrance to the Senate Chamber. should agree to have thi amendment acted upon at the pre ent 1\lr. NORRIS. Why should she have? If the tariff experts. time and deal then with the question of the change in rate which can be admitted here, why should there be any exclusion on is proposed. I have no objection to the definition being acted account of sex? on at this time. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I know of no reason. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Mr. NORRIS. That is the only objection I have to the amendment of the committee. unanimous-consent request applying to this person. I think The amendment was agreed to. the general rule ought to be applied. If a tariff expert is en The VICE PRESIDENT. The next amendment will be stated. titled to be here, then he or she is entitled to be here regardless The CHIEF CLERK. On page 184, line 10, the committee pro- of ex. it seems to me. If I am wrong I hould like to be cor poses to strike out "per cent ad valorem" and insert "cents rected, but the request of the Senator from Massachusetts ad per pound," so as to read : mits that there is a difference for that reason. Filaments of rayon or other synthetic textile, not exceeding 30 inches The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair would like to state that in length, other than waste, whether known as cut fiber, staple fiber, or if the Senator from Massachusetts had requested the Chair to by any other name, 20 cents per pound. permit the expert to come into the Chamber because he needs her assistance permission would have been granted to admit Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I want to say to the Senator her to the privileges of the floor. from Mas achusetts that yesterday I stated I would take up l\lr. NORRIS. Then the formal request now made is un- this question with the Tariff Commission and find out whether necessary? we would be safe in making the rate 20 cents per pound. I The VICE PRESIDENT. It is unneee sary. think we all agree that it ought to be a specific rate instea·d of Mr. NORRIS. I hope the Senator will withdraw the request. an ad valorem rate. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. There. has been some diffi- Mr. WALSH of Massachu etts. I do not think I have reached culty at the door about her admission. that conclusion· yet. I certainly consider the specific rate of 20 The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair unde1·stands that there cents per pound excessive. is no objection, and the expert will be admitted. Mr. .SMOOT. I will say to the Senator that I have no doubt, Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, I tmst that information will on account ~f the changes in values, that the rate could be ue conveyed to the doorkeeper, so that the lady may have no safely reduced. The value of that yarn or filament to-day is a trouble about entering the Chamber. little over 40 cents, or about 41 or 41% cents. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair will state that there Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. My information is that it is will be no trouble about it. 51 cents a pound. Mr. HARRISDN. Mr. President, I make the point of no Mr. SMOOT. Not to-day. It sometimes goes as high as 60 quorum. cents a pound, and therefore I thought it ought to be a specific The VICE PRESIDENT. The absence of a quorum has been duty. After a discussion as to the real value, and taking into suggested. The clerk will call the roll ~onsi!!e_ration the fact that there are sudden changes in the 1930 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD---BENATE value of the article, I had come to the conclusion that 15 cents ing bill. This {exhibiting] is the ·fUament of rayon not exceed- a pound instead of 20 cents a pound would be really the proper ing 30 inches in length, known as staple fiber, which now bears rate. a duty of 20 per cent ad valorem, on which the committee first Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I am. of course, op"Posed to recommended a duty of 20 cents a pound, the equivalent ad the suggestion made by the Senator from Utah, because I think valorem being about 49 per cent, but which the committee now the present rate Ehould not be increased. , recommends to be made dutiable at 15 cents a pound, the equiva Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, IllilY I ask the Senator what lent ad valorem of that rate being in excess of 30 per cent. is the specific rate with which we are dealing now? Mr. McKELI.AR Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. W .A.LSH of Massachusetts. We are dealing now with The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. FEss in the chair). Does paragraph 1302, which I will explain, and I shall call attention the Senator from Massachusetts yield to the Senator from Ten to the difference between this paragraph and paragraph 1301, nessee? in which I know the Senator from Montana is intere ted. Mr. W .A.LSH of Massachusetts. I yield. Mr. President, the present law provides a duty of 20 per Mr. McKELLAR As I understand, rayon can be IllilllUfac cent ad valorem upon filaments of rayon not exceeding 30 tured from very short-fiber cotton. Is not that correct? inches in length known as cut fiber or staple fiber. This fiber Mr. W .A.LSH of Massachusetts. No, sir. Cotton is used in was until recently admitted into the country under a duty of manufacturing processes in connection with rayon; but the 10 per cent ad valorem, being treated as rayon waste, which is staple fiber has little cotton in it; the raw product, the fiber provided for in the fir t clause of paragraph 1302 and which from which rayon yarn comes, has little cotton in it. It is carries a duty of 10 per cent ad valorem. Upon a ruling by the produced by a chemical process. cu toms court, staple fiber was transferred from the clause Mr. McKELLAR. I understand that. which levied a duty of 10 per cent on' what was called rayon Mr. WALSH of Uassachusets. It is made largely from wood waste, and it was decreed to fall within the basket clause which pulp. provides for a duty of 20 per cent ad valorem. So at the present 1\fr. McKELLAR. And from cotton, too. time the duty is 20 per cent ad v~lorem. l\Ir. SMOOT. Mr. President, I will say that large quantities The Hou e bill fixed the duty at !W per cent ad valorem, of cotton linters, which are short-fiber cotton-- · while the Senate Finance Committee recommends a . duty of 20 Mr. McKELLAR. Very short-fiber cotton. cents per pound, the equivalent ad valorem of which is about Mr. SMOOT. Go into the production of rayon. 49 per cent. In other words, it is proposed to increase the ad Mr. W .A.LSH of Massachusetts. Cotton linters are used to valorem duty upon this staple fiber from 20 per cent to 49 per some extent. but the chief raw product of this staple fiber, as I cent. The modification of the original Senate Finance Commit understand, is wood. Am I not correct in that? tee amendment to 15 cents a pound makes the equivalent ad l\lr. Mc~LAR. No; I think the Senator is not correct valorem about 30 per cent. Am I correct? about that I think the chief component material is short-fiber Mr. SMOOT. Yes; it would make it about a little less than cotton, known commonly in my section of the country as linters.· 30 per cent according to the price; on to-day's price it would be Such short-fiber cotton is produced in many places throughout about that. the world, and so the foreign short-fiber cotton peculiarly comes l\Ir. WALSH of Massachusetts. We ought, first of all, in into competition with American short-fiber cotton or linters. It considel'ing this important subject-for it is of supreme im ·eems to me for that reason there ought to be a distinction made portance--to remember that we are dealing with the duty upon in fixing the tariff rate as between a highly competitive product a raw material which enters into a great variety of fabrics used of this kind and other products when it comes to putting a by our people. It is the product from which rayon yarns are tariff on raw cotton. made, and rayon yarns, as all Senators know, are being used Mr. WALSH of Massachu etts. Let me read at this point a to-day in a great variety of fabrics, in the manufacture of definition of rayon: bosiery, underwear, crepe , dress goods of various kind , velvets, Rayon is a synthetic fiber produced by technical processes from some' and upholstery. form of plant cellulose, usually wood pulp, but also cotton linters. A ui tinction should be made between paragraph 1301 and paragraph 1302. Paragraph 1301 covers filaments of rayon Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I have samples here and I can which are called deniers-that word being a term that relates to show the Senator exactly what the difference is. This [exhibit the weight of the filament-and are chiefly used in the making ing] is a sample made from wood pulp or from spruce. It of a certain class of rayon yarns. Ninety-five per cent of rayon represents the first step in the manufacture of rayon. Here yarns finally used in the finished fabric falls under paragraph [exhibiting] is a sample made from linters, which is just as 1301; only 5 per cent of the rayon fabrics made from rayon good, just as strong, and I was going to say it has a somewhat yarns fall under paragraph 1302; but the use of filaments of evener surface, but that does not Illilke any difference at all rayon covered by paragraph 1302 is growing rapidly, and the when it comeS to making the fiber. rayon fabrics that have been produced from the staple fiber in Mr. McKELLAR. I know that cotton linters are now very paragraph 1302 is e:xpan,ding very extensively as a result of the largely used in the manufacture of rayon. proce ses that have been developed in making yarns of rayon Mt·. SIMMONS. Mr. President-- waste and from filaments of rayon not exceeding 30 inches in 'l'he PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Mas length. sachusetts yield to the Senator from North Carolina? In order that the Senate may know the difference between Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I yield to the Senator. the filaments of rayon falling under paragraph 1301, I have Mr. SIMMONS. I think in the first instance the rayon was brought some samples here. This samp:e which I hold in my manufactured altogether from wood fiber. hand [exhibiting] is composed of rayon filaments in length Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Yes; that is my impression. greater than 30 inches, which can at nominal cost be twisted into Mr. SIMMONS. Recently, however, those engaged in the rayon yarn of any desirable twist. It· is the filament of rayon production of rayon have begun to use cotton linters. referred to in the first clause in paragraph 1301, and carries a Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Yes, sir. duty of 45 per cent ad valorem. Mr. SIMMONS. But linters are not used to the same degree This second sample that I hold in my hand [exhibiting] is and extent now as is wood pulp. rayon yarn in the singles, having four turns to the inch. It Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. That is what I had supposed: comes under clause 2 in parag1·aph 1301, and bears a duty of 45 Mr. SIMMONS. But the use of cotton is progressing, and per cent, with a minimum speciiic duty of 45 cents per pound. the cotton producers of the South feel that in the course of time Filaments of rayon not exceeding 30 inches in length con the short-staple cotton, known as lint, will largely supplant the stitute the staple fiber, which is the material I now hold in my use of wood pulp in the manufacture of rayon. hand [exhibiting]. At present they bear a duty of 20 per cent Mr. WALSH of Mas achusetts. I think that is quite possihle. ad valorem, but the Finance Committee recommends that the Continuing the definition of rayon, I read as follows : be duty increased to 20 cents a pound, the equivalent ad valorem These vegetable fibers are treated cheni.ically until dissolved into a being 49 per cent based upon the prices of imports in the recent viscous solution resembling the glandular secretions of the silk worm. months. This viscous solution is then forced through minute capillary tubes, Upon the mere examination of the two filaments of rayon it is corresponding to the spinnerets of the silkworm, in what is known in apparent that this [exhibiting] is very much superior; and it is this trade as the ''nozzle." The long _continuous filaments a.s they cheaper to convert it into yarn than the other filament which I emerge from the tiny apertures of this " nozzle " are solidified either hold in my hand, and which represents the filament referred to by a process of evaporation or by being plunged into a fixing bath. in paragraph 1302. The sample which I now hold in my ha.nd [exhibiting] is Rayon yarn is also used extensively with cotton in making rayon waste, which is covered by the first claus~ of paragraph cloth that is called rayon cloth, but that is largely composed 1302, and upon which there is now a duty of 10 per cent ad of cotton. The sam·ple which I hold in my band is a piece of valorem, which duty 1s not proposed to be changed in tbe pend- so-called r yon used for draperies. There is very little rayon 1228 CONGRESSION.A_L REOORD-SEN.Lt\.TE JANUARY 8 yarn in it. It is almost entirely cotton; but the little rayon pounds is produced in this country by the one company to which that i used gives it a finish and appearance and a luster that I l'efer. has made it a very popular product, and it has done much to So we must keep in mind the distinction between the two uphold and increase the cotton-yarn business of the counb.'y. filaments of rayon. As I said in the beginning, we are dealing The discovery and the use of rayon has done very much to help only with 5 per cent of the rayon yarn that is produced in this the development of the declining cotton industry. country. Ninety-five per cent falls under paragraph 1301, Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? and that is why the Senator from Georgia ye terday was solici The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Massa tous about the change in the rate in that paragraph, because he chusetts yield to the Senator from Tennessee? appreciated that it was the raw material for the larger part Mr. WALSH of l\fa sachu etts. I do. of the rayon-manufacturing bu iness. Mr. 1\IcKELLAR. The particular matter that I wi::;h to call Mr. McKELLAR. 1\lr. President, will the Senator yield to the attention of the Senator and the enate is that enormous again? quantities of short-fibered cotton, commonly called linters in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Massa South-at any rate, in the part of the South that I come from chusetts further yield to the Senator from Tennessee? are being used in the manufacture of ra)~o n. That short-fibered l\Ir. WALSH of l\Iassachu ·etts. Ye ; I will; but I suggest cotton is raised all over the world ; and while it is possible that that the Senator let me proceed after this question is asked, a tariff on the very long-staple cotton might have some effect, and it will save a good many of these interruption . from the practical standpoint a tariff can be made effective Mr. McKELLAR. Certainly ; after this I will not interrupt only on this very short-fibered cotton; and it seems to me that the Senator any more. I just want to make a statement. It is a competitive rate would be a proper rate to be placed on this not a question. particular kind of rna terial. The rayon busine"s is ubstantially only in its infancy in Mr. SIMMONS. 1\Ir. Pre ident, will the Senator yield? this counh·y. It will greatly increa e. and enlarge. There is no The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Massa doubt in the world about that. It is just beginning. The rayon chusetts yield to the Senator from North Carolina? busine s affords a better market for raw cotton. It will neces Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I yield to the Senator. sarily add to the uses of raw cotton. It is certain to make the Mr. SIMMONS. I think the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. demand for raw cotton greater; and a.s we have all pledged McKELLAR] is a little bit confused as to the u e of cotton in the ourselve to do something for the farmer, I think the cotton manufacture of rayon and as to the use of linters of cotton in farmer ought to be included, and there is not a much better the manufacture of the raw material out of which rayon is way to help the cotton farmer than this. manufactured. l\lr. WHEELER Mr. President, will the Senator from l\Ias l\Ir. 1\loKELLAR. If the Senator will pardon me just a achusetts yield? minute, I will explain all I know about it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from 1\Iassa 1\lr. SIMMONS. Let me finish, plea e, and then I shall be chusett yield to the Senator from Montana? glad to have the Senator do so. Mr. WALSH of Mas achusetts. Yes; but after the question The piece of cloth which the Senator from Massachusett · is asked I hope I may be permitted to proceed. As these ques exhibited a while ~go contains probably one-half cotton. tions come, Senator. leave the floor and do not have a chance Mr. WALSH of ~la ·sachusetts. More than that. to have a constructive, detailed presentation of the case under Mr. SIM:\IONS. More than that, probably. That is the short the pending amendment made here. I yield to the Senator; but staple cotton that we grow in the South very largely. The I hope I may be permitted to proceed then to outline this matter Senator is not talking about that now, as I understand. in detail. It will obviate a good many of these questions; and l\lr. WALSH of .Mas achusetts. Not at all. then I will answer later as to any matter that may have been Mr. SIMMONS. The Senator is talking about the materials overlooked. I have not started yet to make my argument. that enter into the manufacture of the material out of which 1\lr. WHEELER. I was just going to suggest to the Senator rayon yarn~ are made, and in the manufacture of that material from Massachusetts that I thought it was rather far-fetched to only the linter cotton is used. So that cotton is used twice say that the tariff upon rayon is helping the American farmer first, the linter is used in providing the raw material; secondly, very much, in "View of the profits that have been made by the the hort- taple cotton is used and mixed with the rayon in the Visco e Co. and the Du Ponts in the last few years; and to say manufacture of the product itself. that it is an infant industry al o seems ridiculous. 1\lr. SMOOT. No; the Senator is wrong about that. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Mr. President, the staple l\Ir. McKELLAR. Mr. President, if the Senator will yield fiber in this amendment we are dealing with is produced by one just a minute-- domestic company only, and that is the Du Pont Co. It is a Mr. WALSH of l\Iassachusett ·. I yield for a moment to the small part of their busines . They are producing only between Sen a tor from Tennessee. 400,000 and 500 000 pounds. This class of filament of rayon Mr. McKELLAR. I shoulu like to have the attention of the came into existence le s than four years ago; yet the general Senator fTom North Carolina also. All I know about it is thi •: rayon busine s and the filaments of rayon referred to in para Some time ago I went to one of the e marvelous mills in my graph 1301 have been in proce s of development since 1909. own State, and they showed me about the mill. They make a We are dealing with a new staple fiber in the rayon bu iness liq•uid out of this cotton. It is the most remarkable thing in that is of comparatively insignificant proportion to the larger the world. They reduce it to a liquid, and then squirt it rayon business ; but it is important because it is growing and through machines that they say are so patterned that it comes de"Veloping, and be<.ause it is cheaper than the :filaments of rayon out a liquid fiber somewhat after the manner of the cocoon ; referred to in paragraph 1301, and is giving the American pub and then that becomes a fiber again, after being reduced to a lic, at a much lower price, rayon fabrics of all cla ses and of liquid form, and the rayon is produced in that way. all kind , many of them not being produced from the filaments That is what they explained to me. Whether I run right or of rayon included in paragraph 1301. wrong about it I will leave to them. There is no dispute about these facts. The domestic produc Mr. WALSH of Ma !':achusettl'. Mr. President, the Senator tion of staple fibers that we are considering under paragraph from Tennessee is talking about paragraph 1301. The subject 1302 is produced by one company in America, with a plant at matter now before us in paragraph 1302 is made only in one Buffalo; and they produce about half a million pound . It was plant in this country, and that is a plant at Buffalo, owned, I discot"ered that there was being produced in Germany a rayon believe, by the Du Pont Co. The Senator is talking about para staple fiber that was superior to the dome tic staple fiber; and a graph 1301, which cover 95 per cent of the filaments of rayon company in thi country proceeded to purchase this staple fiber u. ed in the rayon business. from the German producer ·. They found it to be uperior in Let me give the Senator those figures. fineness, in luster, in textile strength, and in smoothne s to the In 1929 there was produced in this country about 125 000,000 domestic product. The result of their venture in the importa pounds of denier rayon yarn more than 30 inches in length, tion from Germany of thi taple fiber was that the bu iness which is the yarn svecified in paragraph 1301. There was im of making yarn from this fiber grew in three years from ported something over 12,000,000 pounds, making a total of 100,000 pounds to 800,000 pounds; so that the raw material-if ·about 137,000,000 pounds of denier rayon yarn u ~ ed in thi I may use that expre sion-with which we are dealing in this country. paragraph is now imported into this country in double the The domestic production of spun rayon yarn, which is made volume that the domestic company produces. Why? Becan e from the staple :fiber mentioned in paragraph 1302, which we it was :finer, because it is superior to the domestically produced are dealing with now, is something over 1,000,000 pounds only, staple fiber. a against 125,000,000 pounds of the filaments of rayon referred It is only fair to ay that the domesticalls produced staple to in paragraph 1301. fiber has improved ; that it is not as coarse as it was three Of the 1,000,000 P
Crescent Manufacturing Co., Spartanburg; Kenneth Cotton Mills, Wal NEW YORK halla; Piedmont Plush Mills, Greenville; Republic Cotton Mills, Great Robert Ablett & Co., Whitesboro; Allgemeine Elektricitates-Gesell., Falls; Southern Franklin Process Co., Greenville; Victor-Monagahn Scheneetady ; Augusta Knitting Co., Utica ; Bennett Textile Co., Coboes ; Mills, Greenville; Southern Pile Fabric Co., Greenville. Capital Knitting Co., Waterford; Cayuga Linen & Cotton Mills (Inc.), MISSISSIPPI Auburn; Chenango Textile Corp., Binghamton; Columbia Knitting Mills, Allred K. Landau, McComb; Berthadale Mills, McComb. Rome; the Crawshaw Carpet Co., Newburgh; Duofold Health Underwear NORTH CABOLINA Co., Utica; Electric Knitting Co., Cohoes; Elmira Knitting Co., Elmira; Firth Carpet Co., Firthclifi; Ford Manufacturing Co., Waterford; Fort Chipman-Burrowes Hosiery Mills Co., East Flat Rock; Carolina Cot Plain Knitting Co., Fort Plain; Fort Schuyler Knitting Co., Utica; Fris· ton & Woolen Mills, Spray; Highland Park Manufacturing Co., Char bie Stansfield Co., Utica; Fuld & Hatch Knitting Co., Albany ; Firching lotte ; Shoaf-Sink Hosiery Mills, Lexington ; Stonecutter Mills Co., Knitting Mills (Inc.), Utica; Fulton ~ounty Silk Mills, Gloversville; Spindale; Wear Knitting Co., Tryon; Sophie L. Hart, Goldsboro; Vance General Electric Co., Schenectady; Gilbert Knitting Co., Little Falls; Knitting Mills, Kernersville; Alexander Manufacturing Co., Forest City; Hancock Silk Mills (Inc.), Hancock; Harmony Mills, Cohoes; the Hind Amazon Cotton Mills, Thomasville ; May Hosiery Mills (Inc.), Burling & Harrison Plush Co., Clark Mills; Jamestown Worsted Mills, James ton; Mooresville Cotton Mills, Mooresville; Burlington 1\Illls (Inc.), town; the Korrect Kor Line Co., Luzerne; Laughlin Textile Mills, Water Burlington; Carolina Dyeing & Winding Co., Mount Holly; Cascade ford; the Little Falls Manufacturing Co., Little Falls; the Linen Under Mills, Mooresville; Clifiside Mills, Clifiside; Cramerton Mills (Inc.). wear Co., Greenwich ; McLoughlin Textile Co., Utica; Norwich Knitting Cramerton ; Drexel Knitting Mills Co., Drexel; Hillcrest Silk Mills, Co., Norwich ; Oneita Knitting Mills, Utica ; O'Day Textile Mills, Fort High Point; Scotland Neck Cotton Mills, Scotland Neck; Hickory Plain; Patrician Silk Co. (Inc.), Syracuse; Pearl Waist Co., Cohoes; Weavers (Inc.), Hickory; E. M. Holt Plaid Mills (Inc.), Burlington; Putnam Knitting Co., Cohoes; Qn~n City Knitting Mills (Inc.), Elmira; Standard Manufacturing Co., Elizabeth City; Mayfair Mills, Stevens Root Manufacturing Co., Cohoes ; Sauquoit Knitting Co. (Inc.), Sauquoit; Manufacturing Co., Burlington ; C. F. Harry Minnette Mills, Grover ; Shaughnessy Knitting Co., Watertown; Superior Silk Mills, Glovers Mount Holly Textile Mills, Mount Holly; National Weaving Co., Lowell; ville; Superior Manufacturing Co., Hoosick Falls ; Union Mills North Carolina Silk Mills, Burlington ; Neisler Mills (Inc.), Kings (Inc.), St Johnsville; Utica Knitting Co., Utica; Valley Textile Mountain; Piedmont Weavers (Inc.), Burlington; Pilot Hosiery Mills, Co., St. Johnsville; E. Z. Waist Co., Hoosick Falls; Walnott Knit Lexington; Ritca Hosiery Mills (Inc.), Statesville; Shelby Cotton Mills. ting Co., Utica; Waterville Textile Mills (Inc.), Waterville; Wyck Shelby; Spencer Mountain Mills, Gastonia; Stevens Manufacturing Co., ofi Knitting · Co., Perry; Weeper Manufacturing Co. (Inc.), Fulton Burlington; Theis Dyeing Co., Belmont; Vann-Moore Mills Co., Frank ville; West Knitting Corporation, Syracuse ; Wynantskill Manufactur linton; Victory Manufacturing Co., Fayetteville; Warlick Manufacturin.,. ing Co., Troy; Dickson & Valentine, New York City; Deering, Milliken Co., Newton; Whitehead Hosiery Co., Burlington; Cleveland Cloth Mills. & Co., New York City; the Roesler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., New Shelby; ·Dilling Cotton Mills, Kings Mountain; Klumac Cotton Mills. York City; Tubize Artificial Silk Co. of New York, New York City; Salis burg ; Royle & Pilkington Co. (Inc.), Hazelwood ; Savona Manu Turner-Halsey Co., New York City; Ucbitelle, Gansberg Co., New York factming Co., Charlotte. City; Bernard Ulman, New York City; Universal Industrial Corpora TENNESSEE tion, New York City; George A. Urlant, New York City; Victory Mills, Appalachian Knitting Mills, Knoxville; Ashe Hosiery Mills, Knoxville; New York City; Weimer & Co., New York City; Clarence Whitman & Athens Hosiery Mill, Athens; Aycock Hosiery Mills, South Pittsburgh; Sons (Inc.), New York City; American Raxon Products Co., Brooklyn; C. H. Bacon Co., Lenoir City; Belle Meade Hosiery Mills, Nashville ; George L. Taubel, New York City; Carver-Beaver Yarn Co. (Inc.), New Champion Knitting Co., East Chattanooga ; Carter Bros., Chattanooga; York City; James Chittick, New York City; Frederic Conde, Oswego; Central Franklin Process Co., Chattanooga; Chilhowee Mills, Athens; Crex Carpet Co., New York City; Devonshire Mills (Inc.), New York Davenport Silk Mills, Chattanooga; Dayton Hosiery Mills, Dayton; City; Elias, Reiss & Co., New York City; Sigmund Freisinger, New Englewood Manufacturing Co., Englewood; Fisher Beek Hosiery Mills, York City; Irving Horowitz, New York City; Joseph F. Hegeman, New Kingsport; Gloria Textile Mills, Johnson City; Harriman Hosiery Mills, York City; Max Lowenthal & Sons, Rochester; The Malina Co., New Harriman ; Holston Manufaeturing Co., Knoxville; Ideal Hosiery Mills, York City ; Manilattan Rayon Products Co., Brooklyn; Munitex Co., Maryville; Johnson City Mills, Johnson City; Knox Hosiery Mills, Cleve New York City; The McCampbell Co., New York City; Nathan & Cohen land ; Knoxville Knitting Mills Co., Knoxville ; Lyerly Hosiery Mills, (Inc.), New York City; New Market Manufactming Co., New York Chattanooga; May Hosiery Co., Nashville; Morristown Knitting Mills, City; New York Mills Corporation, New York Mills; Pyramid Silk Co., Morristown; Nick-a-Jack Hosiery Mills, Chattanooga; Philadelphia New York City; the Schlegel Manufacturing Co., Rochester; Schumer Hosiery Mil1s, Philadelphia ; Read Hosiery Mills, McMinnville; Rextex & Friedman, New York City; Scott & Williams, New York City; Sea Ho iery Mills, Kingsport; Richmond Hosiery Mills, Chattanooga; Sun Island Thread Co. , Whitestone; Stafford & Holt, Little Falls; John N. shine Ho iery Mills, Murfreesboro; Sweetwater Woolen Mills, Sweet Stearns Co., New York City; Su quehanna Silk Mills, New York City; water; Tennessee Silk Mill , Johnson City; United Hosiery Mills, Chat Syracu e Rug Works, Syracuse; Salvator Bonan, New York City; Joseph tanooga; Debonair Ho iery Mills, Chattanooga; Hartford Hosiery Mills, Brandt & Bro., New York City; Duplan Silk Corporation, New York Nashville; Kingsport Hosiery Mills, Kingsport; Rockwood Mills, Rock City· Wayne Knitting Mills, New York City; Lang & Lewin (Inc.), wood ; Magnet Knitting Mills, Clinton ; Miller-Smith Hosiery Mills, Long Island City; Levi & Rottenberg, New York City; Meyer & Marks Chattanooga; Cherokee Spinning Co., Knoxville. Co., New York City; Andrew McLean Co., New York City; Parker-Wylie NEW JEnSEY Carpet Co., New York City ; Phoenix Silk Manufacturing Co., New York L. Bamberger Co., Newark ; the Cravenette Co., of United States of City; Rek-Caw Manufacturing Co., New York City; Munsingwear Cor America, IIoooken; Louis Hirsch (Inc.), Weehawken; Keddedy Manufac poration, New York City; Acorn Silk Co., Long Island City; Adamson turing Co., New Brunswick; Kern Products Co. (Inc.), Newark; Breslin Bros., New York City; Amalgamated Silk Corporation, New York City ; Bros. Carpet Co., Gloucester City; Bridgeton Textiles (Inc.), Bridgeton; Argus Knitting Mills, Brooklyn; Astoria Silk Works, New York City; Kennard Rayon, Penns Grove; Standard Silk Co., Phillipsbqrg; Henry Atlantic City Knitting Co. (Inc.), New York City; Anderson, Meyer & Taubell & Sons, Riverside; Botany Worsted Mills, Passaic; Georgian Tex Co., New York City; Belding-Heminway Co., New York City; Bendix & tile Co., East Rutherford; Hudson Plush Co. (Inc.), West New York; Weinberg, New York City; Joseph Berlinger Co., New York City; l\!orrls G. Katterman tine.), Passaic; A. Meadow & Son, Paterson; J. A. Migel Bernhard Co., New York City; Bernstein Knitting Mills (Inc.), Brook (Inc.), North Bergen: Monmouth Rug Mills, Englishtown; National Pile lyn; Bethlehem Knitting Co., Brooklyn; Bliss Fabyan Co., New York Fabric Co., Paterson; Peerless Plush Manufacturing Co., Paterson; City; William Bloom & Co., New York City; Bordow Silk Co., New Penn. Textile Mills (Inc.), Clifton; Silk Textile Corp., Union City; York City; Brilliant Silk Co., New York City; Calwood Corporation, New American Silk Mills, Long Branch; Arcola Silk Co., Paterson; John Bat York City; Carbondale Mills, New York City; Cayuga Textile Co., New tersby, Paterson; George A. Bond & Co., New Brunswick; the Clark York City; Chayes, Unger & Chayes, New York City; Chenango Textilo Thread Co., Newark; Columbia Ribbon Co., Paterson; Henry Hoherty Corporation, New York City; Chenille Co., New York City; Clifton Silk Co., Clifton; George H. Gallant, Paterson ; Gilt Edge Silk Mills of Knitting Mills, Brooklyn; Cohn, Hall Marx Co., New York City; Ber· New Jersey, Paterson ; Goldy Ribbon Co., Paterson; Gotham Silk Hosiery tram L. Crane, New York City; The Daly Rayon Service, New York Co. (Inc.), Dover; Graef Hat Band Manufacturing Co., Paterson; Hen City; B. Edmund David, New York City; Diana Underwear Mills, bert Silk Co., Paterson; Hillcrest Silk Mills, West New York; Hights Brooklyn ; Meyer Dorfman, Brooklyn ; George Elbogen & Co., New York town Rug Co., Hightstown; Hudson Knitting Mills (Inc.), West Ho6o City; Elgin Knitting Mills (Inc.), Brooklyn; Elkind Knitting Mills, ken; Jean Ribbon Co., Paterson; Jersey Silk Mills, Plainfield; Kalten College Point, Long Island; Empire Silk Co., New York City; Favorite bach & Stephens (Inc.), Newark; Katterman-Mitchell Co., Paterson; Embroidery Works, New York City; Feist Fabrics (Inc.), New York Maryland Silk Mills, Paterson; Mazuy Silk Co., Newton; A. Meadows & City; Jacob Fiacre, New York City; J. H. Frederick Silk Mill, New Son, Paterson; Pelgram & Meyer, Paterson; Artistic Weaving Co., Pomp York City; Gleason Knitting :Mills, New Yot·k City; Goldin Bros., New ton Lakes; Rockledge Mills (Inc.), Paterson; Scotlane Mills (Inc.), We~ York City; Grosvenordale Co., New York City; Hagen's Knitting Mills hawken; R. & H. Simon, Union City; Stave Bros. (Inc.), Paterson; (Inc.), New York City; Hahlo & Soloman (Inc.), New York City; Stohn Bros~ (Inc.), West New York; Swiss Knitting Co., Dover; Uni Thomas H. Hall Corporation, New York City; A. H. Haight & Co., New versal Knitting Mills, Robbinsville; U. S. Rubber Co., Orange; Van York City; Hess Goldsmith & Co. (Inc.), New York City; Hetzel & Vlaanderen Machine Co., Paterson ; Walser Manufacturing Co., Clifton; Gordon, New York City; L. J. Hyams & Co., New York City; Interstate William Wishnack, Paterson. Knitting Mills, New York City; Iselin-Jefferson Co., New York City; 1930 CONGRESSIONAL R. ECORD-Slli~ ATE 1233
James G. Johnson, New York City; Julius Kayser & Co., New York City; delphia ; Lackawanna: Mills, Scranton; LaFrance Textile Industries, Kemper Silk Co., New York City; Kept & Strauss Co., New York City; Frankford, Philadelphia ; W. G. Leinenger Knitting Mills, Mohnton; Knitwear Manufacturing Co., Brooklyn; Kobee Hosiery Co., New York Robert Lewis Co., Philadelphia ; Horace Linton & Bro., Phlladelphi!!; City; M. & E. Konner, New York City; J. Kridel Sons & Co., New York Long Valley Rug M11ls, Mertztown; E. G. Lorimer, Philadelphia; Magee City; Lambert Silk Co., New York City ; Lang & Lewin, Astoria ; Law Carpet Co., Bloomsburg ; Manayunk Plush Manufacturing Co., Mana rence Textile Corporation, l(ew York City; A. Letterman (Inc.), New yunk, Philadelphia ; E. L. Mansure Co., Philadelphia ; W. H. & A. E. York City; Levers Lace Manufacturing Co., Mount Vernon; Levi & Rot l\Iargerison & Co., Philadelphia; Marian Silk Mills (Inc.), Wind Gap; tenberg, New York City; Levi & Seligman (Inc.), Brooklyn; Levor Phil Marshall Field Mills Corporation, Philadelphia; C. H. Masland & Sons lips, New York City ; Levy & Anspach, New York City; Liberty Lace & (Inc.), Carlisle ; Master Knitters (Inc.), Shamokin ; Charles M. Mc Netting Works, New York City; Lombardi Knitcraft, Brooklyn; Los Cloud & Co., Philadelphia ; Malcolm Mills, Frankford,· Philadelphia ; Fabricantes Unides (Inc.), New York City; W. Lowenthal Co. (Inc.), Meek & Co., Schuylkillhaven; Meigs Bassett & Slaughter (Inc.), Phila Cohoes; H. R. Mallinson & Co. (Ine.), New York City; Mazuy Mills, delphia; Merit Underwear Co., Shoemakersville; Clarence L. Meyers New York City; Mercer Rayon Co., New York City; Meyer & 1\larks, (Inc.), Philadelphia; Miller & Sons Co., Philadelphia; Millville Manu New York City; J. A. 1\Iigel, New York City; Edward Moskowitz (Inc.), facturing Co., Philadelphia; Moorehead Knitting Co., Harrisburg; Moss Erooklyn; Neyman Knitting Mills, Brooklyn; D. Nusbaum & Co., Union Rose Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia; Ferdinand W. Mostertz, Phila Course ; Nye & Wait Kilmarnock Corporation, :New York City; New delphia; Isaac Mossop & Co., Wisconisco; Morrell Mills, Philadelphia; York Tube & Spool Cotton Co., New York City; Peerless Sweater Mills, National Tapestry Co., Philadelphia; National Knitting Co., Royersford; New York City; Albert J. Pfeiffer, New York City; Phillips, C_hurchill & Nazareth Waist Co., Nazareth; Newport Hosiery Mills, Newport; Nolde Thomas, New York City; Phoenix Silk Manufacturing Co., New York City; & Horst Co., Reading; North American Lace Co., Philadelphia; Northern Max Pollock & Co., New York City; Portland Silk Co., New York City ; Silk Dye Works (Inc.), Phlladelphia; Northwood Hosiery Co., Phila Progre sive Knitting Co., Brooklyn; Ravenswood Fur Fabrics (Inc.), Long delphia ; Chas. A. Wanner Hosiery Mills, Fleetwood ; Womelsdorf Hosiery Island City; Read & Lovatt Manufacturing Co., New York City; Albert Co., Womelsdorf; Woodhouse & Bopp Co., West Pittsburgh; Baldwin Reiner, New York City; L. D. Robins & Co. (Inc.), New York City; Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia; the Butterworth Co., Philadelphia ; L. Robison & Co., New York City; Henry Rosenzweig & Co. (Inc.), New James A. O'Connell Co. (Inc.), Philadelphia; Oliver Knitting Co., Phila York City; A. Rusch, Jr., Silk Mills, New York City; Sachs Knitting delphia; Orinoka Mills, Philadelphia; Penn Worsted Co., Philadelphia; Mills, Brooklyn; Salta Knitting Co., New York City; Salembier & Clay Philadelphia Rug Mills, Philadelphia; Philadelphia Sweater Mills, Phila (Inc.), New York City; Salembier & Villate, New York City; Saltman & delphia ; Philadelphia Tapestry Mills, Philadelphia; Pine Tree Silk Mills, I Knight, New York City; Schepp & Ro enthal, New York City; Harry Philadelphia ; Pollock-Huston Co., Philadelphia ; T. J. Porter & Sons, Schwartz, Brooklyn; Schwarzenbach, Huber & Co., New York City; Philadelphia ; Pottsville Knitting Mills, Pottsville ; Quaker Lace Co., Seekenep Silk Co., New York City; Stourhode Knitted Rayon Corpora Philadelphia; Quality Knitting Co., Stowe; Quaker Plush Co., Philadel tion, Brooklyn; John N. Stearns & Co., New York City; Stehli Silk Cor phia; Randolph Yarn Co., Philadelphia; Henry Rath, jr., Philadelphia; poration, New York City; Stein Hall & Co., New York City; D. I. & John E. Hanifen Co., Philadelphia; William F. Read & Sons, Philadel C. H. Stern, New York City; Stern & Stern Textile Importers, New phia; Reading Underwear Co., Reading; Ritter Hosiery Mill, Fleetwood; York City; Thomas D. Toy & Co., New York City; Trabulsi Knit Fabric Robinhold & Co., Port Clinton; Loui!'! Roessell & Co. (Inc.), Hazleton; Co., New York City; Underwear Corporation of America, Brooklyn; Roher Knitting Mills, Orwigsburg ; Richmond Silk Mills, Quakertown ; Vanetta Silks, New York City; A. V. Victorious & Co., New York City; Rosenau Harris & Co., Philadelphia; W. C. Rowland (Inc.)_, Philadel Morris Wenderman, Brooklyn; Charles Wimpfheimer & Co., New York phia ; George Royle & Co. (Inc.), Philadelphia; Sontag Silk Corpora City; Wolfsie Knitting Mills, New York City; Wilson & Bradbury Co., tion, Allentown; the Schuylkill Hosiery Mills (Inc.), Reading; Schuyl New York City; W. D. Wright, New York City. killhaven Knitting Mills, Schuylkillhaven; John M. Schem's Sons, Germantown, Philadelphia; Scranton Lace Co., Scranton ; D. Seid PEN~SYLVANU man's Sons, Philadelphia; Oko Plush Co .. l\Ianayunk, Philadelphia; The Acorn Hosiery Mills (Inc.), Reading; Berkshire Hosiery Mills, Pennsyl-vania Plush Weavers, Easton; Rugcrafter Publishing Co., Clear Reading ; Bethlehem Textile Co., Bethlehem ; the Busy Bee Hosiery Co. field; Seltman & Knight, Pottstown; John Sidebotham (Inc.), Frankford, (Inc.), Reading; Century Beverly Corporation, Pottstown; D. S. W. Philadelphia ; W. T. Smith & Son, Philadelphia ; Spring City Knitting Hosiery Co., Reading; Halcyon Knitting Mills, Bethlehem; Hanna Co., Spring City ; Standard American Hosiery. Mohnton ; Stratford Knit Manufacturing Co.. Reading; Iris Hosiery Co. (Inc.), Reading; the ting Mills, Philadelphia; Sylva Knitting Mill, Reading; Star & Crescent Jacquard Knitting Machine Co., Philadelphia; F. Y. Kitzmiller Hosiery Co., Philadelphia; Superior Appliance & Pattern Co., Clearfield; Taylor Co., Reading; R. K. Laros Silk Co·., Bethlehem ; Lindsay Hyde & Co., Bros., Philadelphia; John Watt's Sons Co., Philadelphia; Wissahickon Philadelphia; Aberfoyle Manufacturing Co., Chester ; Adelphia Textile Plush Mills, Wissahickon (Manayunk) ; John Zimmerman & Sons. Phila Co., Philadelphia; American Pile Fabric Co., Philadelphia ; American delphia ; S. Thomas Knitting Mills, Schuylkillhaven ; Textile Silk Dye Silver Tru s Corporation, Coudersport; Archbald Silk Co., Archbald; Works, Philadelphia; Tioga Textile Co., Philadelphia; Tremont Silk Argo Fabrics Corporation, Philadelphia; Arotex Rug Mills, Philadelphia; Mill., Emaus; Union Knitting Mills (Inc.), Schuylkillhaven; United Artloom Corporation, Philadelphia ; Atlas Manufacturing Co., Phila Tape try Co., Philadelphia ; Unique Knitting Co., Philadelphia; United delphia; J. F. Bast & Son, Schuylkillhaven; Baxter, Kelly & · Faust, States Pile Fabric Corporation, Frankford, Philadelphia; Vanity Fair Philadelphia ; Belgrade Knitting Mills, New Cumberland; Monroe Silk Silk Mills, Reading; Wahnetah Silk Co., Catasauqua; Walther Manufac Mills, Stroudsburg; Bet·kshire Knitting Co., Reading; Bestok Underwear turing Co., Philadelphia; Ward-Davidson Co., Philadelphia; Wear Best Co., Tower City; J. II. Blaetz, Philadelphia; John Blood & Co., Phila Knitting Co., Philadelphia ; West Point Knitwear Co., Philadelphia; delphia; Bloomsburg Silk M.ills, Bloomsburg; F. A. Bochman & Co., Whiteley & Collier, Philadelphia; Wildman Manufacturing Co., Norris Philadelphia; Breslin Textile Mills, Philadelphia; H. Brinton Co., town; John William Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia; Winona Silk Co., Philadelphia ; Brooks Bros. & Co., Philadelphia ; ·Francis A. Bruner Allentown; James Wilson & Sons, Philadelphia ; Welton Hygienic Knit (Inc.), Philadelphia; Burkey Underwear Mill, Hamburg; Burlington ting Co., Philadelphia ; Windsor Knitting Mills, Hamburg ; Thomas Hosiery Mills, Philadelphia ; Old Forge Silk Co., Old Forge ; Carney & Wolstenholme & Sons (Inc.), Philadelphia; Wool "0" Co., Philadelphia; Reige, Philadelphia ; Cacoosing Knitting Co., Sinking Spring ; Cadet Wyoming Tapestry lllills, Philadelphia; Yorkshire Hosiery Co., Reading; Knitting Co., Philadelphia; Geo. B. Pfingst (Inc.), Philadelphia; T. J. Zimmerman Rug Mills, Phih::.delphia ; Bally Silk Ribbon Co., Bally ; Porter & Sons, Philadelphia ; Cheltenham Knitting Co., Philadelphia; Brawer Bros. Silk Co., Scranton ; Crane Bros. (Inc.), Kingsport ; R. J. Robert Cleeland's Sons, Philadelphia; Clifton Yarn Mills (Inc.), Clifton Hoffman (Inc.), Allentown ; Industrial Hosiery Mills, Mohnton; Lecha Heights; Coldren Knitting Mills, Schuylkillhaven; Collins & Aikman Co., Silk Co., Allentown; Narrow Fabric Co., Wyomissing, Reading; Penn Philadelphia; Concordia Silk Mills, Philadelphia ; Craftex Mills, Phila State Silk Mills, Allentown; Harry Underwood, Ban-gor; John c·. Wei- delphia; Crown Knitting Mills (Inc.), Mooresville; John Culbertson & wood, Hawley. · · Sons, Philadelphia ; Durable Knitting Mills, Philadelphia: Edgeeliff Textile Mill, Ianayunk, Philadelphia; Reading Dye Works, Reading; MISSOURI Erben-Harding Co., Philadelphia; Ewing Thomas Converting Co., The Alox Manufacturing Co., .St. Louis ; Chester Knitting Co., St. Chester; Fairy Silk Mills, Shillington; W. F. Fancourt, jr., Philadel Louis; Well Kalter Manufacturing Co., St. Louis. phia ; Fidelity Machine Co., Philadelphia; Fine Art Lace Co., Phila MICHIGAN delphia; Franklin Hosiery Co., Philadelphia; Friedberger-Aaron Manu Michigan Textile Mills, Detroit ; Republic Knitting Mills, Detroit ; facturing Co., Philad,elphia; the Globe Mill (Inc.), Leesport; Globe Globe Knitting Works, Gra:nd Rapids ; Grand Rapids Textile Machine Underwear Co., Shoemakersville; George B. Guenther & Son, Read Co., Grand Rapids; Amazon Knitting Co., Muskegon; American Textile ing ; Hamburg Knitting Mills, Hamburg ; Hardwick & Magee Co., Phila (Inc.), Bay City. delphia ; Louis Henderson, Frankford, Philadelphia ; Henry Holme's & I~ DIANA Sons Co., Philadelphia; Hensel Silk Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia; Indiana Cotton Mills, Cannelton ; Atlas Underwear Co., Richmond; Wm. H. Horstmann Co., Phl1adelpbia ; Ionic Mills, Philadelphia ; Stylo l\fishawaka Rubber & Woolen Manufacturing Co., Mishawaka; Real Silk Silk Manufacturing Co., Lebanon ; Kaufman Plush Manufacturing Co., Hoslery Mills (Inc.), Indianapolis. Manayunk, Phlladelphia ; Jas. R. Kendricks Co., Philadelphia; Kimberly Mills Co., Philadelphia; K W. Knitting Mills, Mohnton ; Knitted Fabric ILLII\OIS Co., Philadelphia ; Louis Kraemer & Co., Reading; Krout & Fite Manu Fibre Dyeing Co., Chicago ; Forster Textile Mills, Chicago Heights ; facturing Co., Philadelphia; John Koestner Manufacturing Co., Phila- Independent Thread Mills, Chicago; Phoenix Trimming Co., Chicago; ·1234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE JANUARY 8 Sewing Thread Corporation ot America, Chicago; Waterman, Currier & Mr. WALSH of Mas achmetts. I believe that many of these Co. (Inc.), Chicago; Aurora Cotton Mills, Aurora; Bear Brand Hosiery mllis use rayon made from both the st;aple fiber referred to m· Co., Chicago ; Burson Knitting Co., Rockford; B. Z. B. Knitting Co .• paragraph 1301 and the staple fiber referred to in paragraph Rockford; Schlncke Dye Works, Chicago; Vassar Swiss Underwear Co., 1302. I presume, in view of the fact that 95 per cent of the: Chicago; H. F. Walliser Co., Chicago; Wilson Bros., Chicago; 0. J. rayon made in this country comes from the filaments of rayon Caron, Chicago; Collingboume Mills (Inc.), Elgin~ The Rockford Mitten embraced in paragraph 1301, the..,e mills did a larger bu iness & Ho e Co., Rockford; Marshall Field & Co., Chicago. with yarns made from the tuam·ents coming under paragraph OREGON 1301 than with yarns made from filaments covered by paragraph Columbia Knitting Mills, Portland. 1302. Some of these mills use only a small amount of this yarn called " sase " ; others use large amounts. WWA Mr. HASTINGS. That is what I am trying to find out. Rollins Hosiery Co., Des Moines. Mr. WALSH of Massacbu etts. I do not think there is any CALIFORNIA doubt about that; but I do say that the yarns made from fila J. B. Cooper Co., San Francisco; C. H. Fish, Pacific Textile Corpora ments embraced in paragraph 1302 are increasing in demand, tion, Los Angeles; Gantner & Pattern Co., San Francisco; Maypole Dye because they are cheaper than are the filam·ents embraced in Works, San Francisco; Snyder Bros. Knitting Mills, San Francisco; paragraph 1301 and because the domestic staple fiber has not Thistle Towel Co., Orange; West Coast Knitting Mills, Los Angeles. yet been able to produce a yarn which is comparable to the OHIO yarn made from the imported staple fiber. Mr. Pre ident, I do not care to debate this question further. The Bamborger Reinthal Co., Cleveland ; I. Fleischer & Sons, Cin I do, however, wi h to put into the RECORD a rather long and cinnati; F. Feigenbaum, Cleveland; F. & R. Lazal'us & Co., Columbus; able statement upon the rayon schedule in general, furni bed Miami Valley Knitting Mills Co., Hamilton ; The Rike-Kumler Co., by the Women's Non-Partisan Fair Tariff Committee, of New Dayton ; Piqua Hosiery Co., Piqua ; Superior Underwear Co., Piqua ; York City. This statement has been prepared by G€rtrude M. American Lace Manufacturing Co., Elyria; Radiant Mills Co., Elyria; Duncan, Ph. D., of New York City. I do not know all its con Standard Knitting Co., Cleveland ; Atlas Knitting Co., Piqua; Dormer tents, but I am sure it will be a contribution to the information Bros., New Richmond; Federal Knitting Co., Cleveland; Keller Knitting . upon this subject. Co., Cleveland. WISCONSIN I will say that the rayon schedule is the one in which the ' women of the country have been most inte1·ested, and to it many Deltox Rug Co., Oshko h ; Holeproof Hosiery Co., Milwaukee; Martz women's organizations have given a great deal of study. The Knitting Co., Manitowoc; Waite Cnrpet Co., 0 hko h; Phoenix Ho iery very fact that they should take the trouble and time to prepare Co., Milwaukee; Blue Star Knittlng Co., Milwaukee; Kiml8.l'k Rug Corpo· a brief, which pre ents a very exhaustive study of the subject, ration, Neenah ; La Crosse Knitting Co., La Cro e; Lewis Knitting Co., indicates that many of them are very much interested in the Jame ville; Milwaukee Hosiery Co., Milwaukee; Portage Underwear que tion. Manufacturing Co. ~ Portage; horewood Mill , Milwaukee; Van Dyke Knitting Co., Milwaukee; Luxite Silk Products Co., Milwaukee; Racine I also offer for the REcoRD a resolution adopted by the Ameri Feet Knitting Co., Beloit; the Unity Hosiery Mills, Milwaukee; Allen. can Alliance of Civil Service Women, of New York, upon the A., Co., Keno ha ; Everwear Hosiery Co., Milwaukee. subject of rayon and other aspects of the tariff que tion. I ask that these two document may be inserted in the RECORD. MINNmsou The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. Ji.tH. eat Garment Manufactm·ing Co., Minneapolis; Powers Mercantile Mr. KING and Mr. BLACK addr sed the Chair. Co., Minneapolis; Cooper Underwear Co., · Kenosha ; Crex Carpet Co., The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Ma sachu- St. Paul ; Minneapolis Knitting Co., Minneapolis; Nelson Knitting Mills sett yield; and if so, to whom? Co., Duluth; Strutwear Knitting Co., Minneapolis. ' Mr. WALSH of Ma a<:husetts. I shall yield in just a mo- . Mr. WALSH of .Massachusetts. Many of these mills are mills ment Let me first emphasize the fact that we are now dealing that have been given new life following the cotton-textile de- with a raw material. Whatever increased duty we levy in this pre ion, because with the use of cotton and rayon, they have instance will run like a thread through every manufactm'ed been able to put upon the market a finished rayon product that article bearing the name of rayon. This increase in the duty competes with the higher-price silk. This imported fiber has means an enhanced price to eyery woman who wearlil or u es done more to increase the cotton-textile busine s than anything rayon in any form; it means a sub tantial increase in price, el. e that has happened in 10 years. estimated to be from 20 to 25 per cent, when this duty is trans- What does it mean to those 1,500 mills to increase the duty mitted all the way th1·ough to the finished product. How can upon their raw products? The increase as originally proposed we justify that? How can we not only justify an increased was more than 100 per cent, from 20 per cent to 49 per cent, duty, but how can we justify an act which will tend to burden but it is now proposed to increase it from 20 per cent to 30 per in part-not entirely, but in part-1,500 mills which will not be cent, or 50 per cent over the pre ent duty. able to get vi tra elsewhere. The dome tic manufacturer of the Tbe"e fifteen hundred mills are manufacturing the finished staple fiber is producing only one-third of the total con umption rayon goods that our people buy in the retail stores of the of the country; but, in the expectation and in the faint hope of country, comprising, as I have said, a great variety of ·comm.odi- the pos ibility that the dome tic industry may discover in the ties, including hosiery, underwear, dress goods, rugs, velvets, future-a month, perhaps, or three years or five years-some uphol_stery, and draperies of all kindS. thing comparable to the fine yarn that is made from the im- 1\fr. COPELAND. Mr. Presitlent, I have he1·e some sample of ported staple fiber, we are a ·ked to increase the duty, to these goods, if the Senator desires to ee them. penalize the American consumer, to increase the cost of pro- Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. The Senator from New York duction of 1,500 manufacturers. That is the situation, and it is ay he has some samples of these goods, and I should like to an appalling one. If there were some hope, some pro pect that see them. in the early future we would have upon the market a staple The proposition here is, in the hope- and expectation and in fiber that would produce thi fine class of goods, we could welt the probability, that the domestic producer of staple fiber will advocate the taking away from the foreign manufacturers some be able to read the German mind and obtain the secret German of their market in thi country so that staple fiber might be proces"s or will be able to discover some other process by which pro.duced by manufacturer in this country. a staple fiber may be produced which will yield yarn of this Mark you, Mr. President, the first importing company only fine texture, to increase the duty, thereby adding to the burden employs 500 bands. The work of making rayon yarn i largely of 1,500 manufacturers, and increasing the price of the finished done by machinery. Only one group of employee is affected rayon product for every con nmer of rayon in this country. if we take away the imported staple fiber from tho. e 500 bands; The Senator from New York hands me a large number of but that is the first tep in the making of the yarn that goes amples which show the uses to which rayon yarn has been put into 1,500 mills that manufacture the fi.lli bed fabrics. when mixed with cotton . .The Senator has asked me to show Mr. SMOOT. l\Ir. Pre ident-- thi sample [exhibiting],. which he refers to -as the di·aperies :Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. · I yield to the Senator from of the poor. Utah. Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. President, :will the Senator yield to me? Mr. SMOOT. I thought the Senator was through. The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massachu- Mr. WALSH of Mas..., acbusetts. No. · setts yield to the Senator from Delaware? Mr. SMOOT. I merely wanted to make a statement. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I yield. Mr. WALSH of Ma sachu etts. The jrmior Senator from Mr. HASTINGS. Am· I to understand that an of the mills Utah [:Mr. KING] asked me to yield to bini, and I now do so. engaged in the manufacture to which the Senator has referred Mr. KING. Mr. President, I wi b to ask the Senator from w~re compelled to purcha e from either one or the other of the Massachusetts a question. He is familiar with the subject and two corporations about which be bas been talking? - I am. not. . I ask him whether or not the rayon industry in the 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1235 _ United States has not been prosperous since its organization well, and we would have been impressed with that. They could during the past few years? have said 10 per cent; but they say that when completed it l\Ir. WALSH of Massachusetts. I am told that the many in will result in a possible increase of 20 to 25 per cent in the cost dustries affected by paragraph 1301 has been exceedingly pros of underwear, hosiery, dresses, rugs, and fabrics of various perous. The industries affected by paragraph 1302 are in the kinds for which this yarn is being used. experimental stage, this staple fiber being only four years on Mr. HASTINGS. 1\!r. President-- the market. The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massachu l\Ir. KING. I should like to ask also whether or not any setts yield to the Senator from Delaware? per on has asked for the proposed increase in the duty upon the Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Yes; I yield. particular product to which the Senator has referred? Mr. HASTINGS. I gather from the Senator's argument that Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I think the request officially he first argnes that the company in Massachusetts would lose has been made by an industry in my own State, the New Bed $80,000, and then that these various mills over the country would ford Co., to which I have referred. lose $80,000, and that ultimately the consumer would pay it all. Mr. SMOOT. That is not the only one. Now, not all of those arguments can be accurate. There can be Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. That is the company which but one loss of $80,000, as I understand. the Fitchburg Yarn Co. said they asked if they could supply Mr. WALSH of Mas achusetts. Has the Senator ever heard them any yarn and they were unable to get it at the present of pyramiding prices? time~ Mr. HASTINGS. Yes. Mr. KING. As I understood the Senator, the Du Pont Co., 1\.fr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Is the Senator attempting to a ide from the company in his own State, is the only domestic say that there is not such a thing as pyramiding prices? company engaged in the manufacture of this particular product? Mr. HASTINGS. I am stating that if there is only one l\Ir. WALSH of Massachusetts. There is no question about $80,000 loss, it can not be divided among three groups and still that. leave each group to lo ·e $80,000. That is all I am pointing out 1\Ir. KING. If it has not asked for a duty, I should like to to the Senator. inquire of the Senator, as a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Is it true that the increased what company has done so? · duty to the one concern in Massachusetts that is importing this Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I know of no company that product would be $80,000? bas done so except the New Bedford Co., which has promised Mr. HASTINGS. That is what I under tood the Senator to in the future to develop the industry. I know of no other say. company. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. That is a fact; is it not? Mr. KING. Then, why should we increase this duty when 1\fr. HASTINGS. That is what I understood the Senator to the con equence of it will be as seriou as if not more serious say. than that indicated by the Senator from Massachusetts? Mr. WALSH of Mas. achusetts. Is it not a fact that the yarn Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. The Senator from Utah and that they make from that staple fiber 'vould have to bear that tile Senator from Delaware in attempting to justify this increase duty and be increased in price? in the duty said that it was to create a domestic industry, to Mr. HASTINGS. I assume so. help encourage the making of staple fiber here at home and pre 1\lr. WALSH of Massachusetts. And is it not a fact that an vent our dependence-! suppose that is what wa meant-upon increased co. t in the raw product is reflected in an increased , taple fiber made abroad. cost to the purcha er of the manufactured product, step by step? Mr. KING. I should ·like further to inquire of the Senator, Mr. HASTINGS. Doe the Senator seriou ly contend- are there any indications tilat the Du Pont Co. is about to close Mr. WALSH of Mas achusetts. Is that so, or not? down or that they are dis ati. fied with the exi ting situatiou Mr. HASTINGS. I do not know. I can not answer the ques or that they are dissatisfied with the existing duty? I ask the tion ; but I want to find out whether-- Senator again, has not the Du Pont Co. established this industry Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. So, then, it would make no in the face of the present tariff and in the face of the intro difference if that were $500,000 or $1,000,000 ; the ultimate cost duction into the United States of the products from abroad and to the consumer, the Senator argnes, would be only $1,000,000 if, in view of those facts, the Du Pont Co. has continued tile if that were the only increased duty paid at the original source. development of the industry, why should we now increase the Mr. HASTINGS. That is my theory; yes. duty? Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. That is the Senator's theory? Mr. HASTINGS. Yes; that is my theory. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I see no reason for it. I Mr. '"ALSH of Massachusetts. The Senator is the first one may say to the Senator that this part of the Du Pont Co.'s ever to expound that theory. In every single tariff debate we business is most insignificant. As I have already said, para have bad here we have had the question of pyramiding costs; graph 1301 covers 95 per cent of the rayon product of this and the Tariff Commission have given us the information in country. We are now considering a proposal which deals with every in tance-tbey gaye it to us in woolen suits; they gave it only 5 per cent. We are dealing with a very insignificant part to us when we were discussing virgin wool and woolen rags. of the Du Pont bu iness or any other part of the rayon business. There is always an increase upon the original cost, step by Now Jet me refer again to the company that is importing. step, as the various processes of manufacturing follows. The Fitchburg Yarn Co. bas not paid a dividend for many years. Mr. HASTINGS. Then will the Senator tell me what be In 1921-and this is a fair story of the severe period through estimates the $80,000 increase would ultimately cost the con which the yarn business has passed-in 1921 or 1922 the Fitchburg sumer? Yarn Co. bad a surplus of about a million dollars, but they have Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I personally can not tell struck off from their books large sums every year to meet their the Senator that. I should have to know how much of this losses until to-day they have practically no surplus. This product went into hosiery, and how much went into various business, however, has brought about a great revival, because it fabrics of Yarious kinds. I should be unable to do it; but I has helped to give to the American consumer a substitute for do know that the original duty increase would be pyramided, ~ilk that is ap~lin~ to the consuming public in appearance, step by step. m luster, and which IS cheaper than silk; and, as the Senator Mr. GLASS. Mr. President-- from New York said, it has become the garment of the· poor in The VICE" PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massa competition with the high-priced silk garments of the well-tO-do. chusetts yield to the Senator from Virginia? Let me read a statement which the Fitchburg Yarn Co. made Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I yield to the Senator from to me: Virginia. The Fitchburg Yarn Co. imported 800,000 pounds of staple fiber, and Mr. GLASS. Right there, may I inquire bow both the manu it will be subject to an increased cost of $80,000 a year. facturer and the consumer would sustain a loss? In· other words, if the duty proposed by the Finance Com~ Mr. HASTINGS. That is what I am trying to find out. mittee bad been upon the statute books last year it would have Mr. GLASS. If the manufacturer's oyerhead is increased cost them $80,000 more. $80,000, and he passes that on to the consumer, the manufacturer does not lose a cent. This will mean an increased price of at least 10 cents per pound Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. No; I agree with the Sen npon every pound of yarn used by the various manufacturers of fabrics ator. The consumer pays it. The Senator is absolutely right; using this yarn; and this, of course, will be passed on to the ultimate but the first charge-- consumer, resulting when completed, in a possible increase of 20 per cent Mr. GLASS. But both do not pay it. The mill does not or 25 per cent in the cost of underwear, hosiery, dresses, rugs, and fab lose if it charges it up against the consumer. rics of various kinds for which this yarn is being used. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. But the Senator from Dela That is their statement. They are manufacturers. To be sure ware is arguing that the consumer will only have to repay that they are interested; but they could have. said 5 per cent just a~ $80,000 to the original ~anufacturer. - 1236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 8 Mr. GLASS. That is all he ought to be required to pay. is bound to be inflexible and unjust, in that it is applied regardless of 1\lr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I agree but the result is quality or cost of production. that be has to pay a good deal more because the interest on the In the case of rayon we have demonstrated by actual test that this investment continues to increase. is so to a startling degree. Upon the size and quality most in use for Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. President-- women's underwear and hosiery and for such fabrics as transparent The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massa velvet, which we find is 150 deniers yarn, a minimum specific rate of chu etts further yield to the Senator from Delaware? 45 cents a pound is actually equal to an ad valorem rate of 75 per cent Mr. WALSH of Mas acbusetts. I do. to 80 per cent, while on the size most used for bedspreads and house 1\lr. HASTINGS. I understood the Senator to contend that hold fabrics, namely, 300 deniers, this same specific rate means ad the manufacturer in Massachusetts would lose $80,000, and valorem duty of 105 per cent to 110 per cent, which is prohibitory. then he was arguing that all these mills that are intet·ested Besides this minimum specific rate bears more heavily upon the women would lose $80,00()- of the poorer clas es than upon their well-to-do sisters, for it levies the Mr. WALSH of Mas..,achu etts. Oh, no! same tax upon the cheapest qualities as upon the best. Mr. HASTINGS. And that the consumer would lose at least SUMMARY $80,000. It seems to me that if we divide $80,000 three ways Almost everything the modern middle-class woman wears to-day, ex we can not still have $80,000. cept her shoes .and kid gloves, is wholly or partly composed of rayon. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I was arguing that the first Combined with silk or wool or cotton or linen it enters into most payment would be made by the importer, and if he did not in household fabrics in the modern middle-class home. It is one of the crease the price of his yarn he would bear an additional bur most important raw materials in the textile industry. After extensive den of $80,000 a year. I said that he would pass it on, as they investigation we find that the rayon industry, although new, is one of all do, to the manufacturer of the finished fabric, and that the the most prosperous, having had a phenomenal and spectacular growth manufacturer would pass it on to the retailer, and he would in the past seven years. It is making enormous profits, increasing its pass it to the consumer, and that as this original $80,000 was production by leaps and bounds, but with the demand always keeping passed on the consumer would have to pay very greatly in ahead of the supply, as new uses for rayon are discovered almost daily exce s of $80.000. and new territories for sale developed. Mr. GLASS. Mr. Pre ident-- We find that imports are only about 9 or 10 per cent of domesUc The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massachu production and are therefore merely supplementary. setts further yield to the Senator from Virginia? We find that only the finer and more expensive yarns can be profit Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I do. ably imported under the present rates, which are therefore an embargo Mr. GLASS. If the importer, being an honest man, simply for the poorer housewives especially. wants to recoup himself for the $80,000 additional that he has No scientific and fair tariff can be established except upon com to pay, and if the manufacturer simply wants to recoup him parison of foreign and domestic costs of production. The so-called self to the extent of his increased cost, why will the consumer American producers of rayon, most of whom .are Europeans, have con have to meet a pyramided charge? sistently avoided disclosure of their production costs. No such f!tudy Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. It is the practice. It always has been made by the Tariff Commission. happens. It is due to the increased cost to him, which he must Our ·committee urges that an inspection of the income-tax returns of be recuperated for. It is a matter of interest on increased in the American Viscose Co. and the Du Pont Rayon Co., together with those ve tment in the industry. of S()JIU) of the smaller companies, be made by the Senate Finance Com Mr. GLASS. Oh, it is the practice. I am talking about the mittee. From reports in the New York Times we understand that these theory of the thing. returns have been made available by the Treasury Department. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. It is the practice. I agr-ee It is our belief that, beeause of far-reaching changes in the rayon with the Senator in theory that the original payer of the duty industry since the present rates were established in 1922, at the scale ought not to pass on anything except the amount that he actu of prices then prevalent and at the then prevalent volume of produc ally pays; but it is an additional item in his cost of production tion, the ll'ordney-McCumber rates are no longer justified, even if they and in his investment, upon which he would have to pay in were once, which is doubtful. terest, and therefore he adds an increase to the price which he Prices are now less than half nt what they were then and are now pays for the original imported product, plus the duty. little higher here than abroad, when the cost of t:ranS}lortatlon is taken Mr. GLASS . . If he increases the charge over and above the into account. Domestic production has increased 900 per cent, and as actual impost at the customhouse, be is simply assuming the a result unit production costs must certainly have been lowered right to levy tariff duties himself. materially. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. I have made as yet no refer The present tariff policy with respect to r.ayon, if continued, will tend ence, Mr. President, to the effect that this duty will have upon to exclude all imports and give a monopoly to the Du Ponts and other the domestic staple fiber. Of course, the purpose of arguing members of the vast International Rayon Cartel, which produces more for this increased duty is to permit the domestic manufacturer than 90 per cent of the world's rayon and even now controls prices. of domestic fiber to increase his price so as to be on a parity It should be borne in mind that the rayon industry in .America is 75 with the imported staple fiber; and of course the result will per cent foreign owned, practically the only American capital invested be, and the end sought here is, to give the domestic producer in it coming from the Du Ponts. But the Du Ponts are also tied up the market. That means that he will have an opportunity, by with the International Cartel through an exchange of 40 per cent of increasing prices, to undersell the importer and to have the stock with the French Comptoir. whole domestic market to himself, and therefore increase the So we have this astounding condition which puts rayon In a class prices of rayon yarns in the entire domestic market. It is im by it elf--the .American rayon plants and the European plants are all po sible to conceive the extent of the burden to the consumers owned by the same people but continue to seek high-tariff protection. of rayon fabrics that this increased duty will exact. In other words, we have a quota on immigrant labor, we have a quota I yield the floor. on immigrant commoditiec;, but we have no quota on immigrant cor The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the request of porations. These immigrant corporations pay only a 12 per cent tax the Senator from Massachusetts to print certain documents in on the profits made in their American plants, while the American the RECORD is agreed to. consumer has to pay for their products a price only under that of their The matter referred to is as follows: European parent companies plus the equivalent of ad valorem duties of from 75 to 120 per cent. [From the Women's Non-Partisan Falr Tariff Committee, Hotel Shelton, The tariff on · rayon is so excessive that it shuts out la.rg~ revenues. New York City] In seven years our Government has collected only a little more tllan WOMEN AND THE TAIUFF-NO. 1. THE RAYON SCHEDULE $42,000,000 in tariff taxes. But in one year, it is estimated, one com By Gertrude M. Duncan, Ph. D. pany alone, the American Viscose Co., sends $20,000,000 of profits This committee bas made an intensive economic study of the rayon abroad. industry in relation to the women of America and bas come to the con The best interests of the women of America demand that all proposed clusion that the present rates as established by the Fordney-McCumber increases be eliminated, and the present rates lowered by the exclusion law are too high and that all increases proposed by the pending Hawley of the unfair, unjust, and unscientific minimum specific rate. Smoot bill are therefore excessive and unjust to the housewives and WHAT IS RAYON? business and professional women, who are the principal consumers and Ro.yon is a synthetic fiber produced by teehnical processes from some ultim~te purchasers of rayon products. form of plant cellulose, usually wood pulp but also cotton linters. We recommend that the present basic rate on rayon yarns of 45 cents These vegetable fibers are treated chemically until dis olved into a a pound be eliminated, leaving the baste ad valorem rate of 45 per viscous solution resembling the glandular secretions of the silkworm. cent, which we believe to be more than ample protection. This viscous solution is then forced through minute capillary tubes, It is our contention that in such a product as rayon, made up of so corresponding to the spinnerets of the silkworm, in what is known in the many different grades and kinds and sizes, a minimum and specific rate trade as the " nozzle." 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE 1237 The long continuous filaments as they emerge from the tiny apertures In paragraph.. 1305 ot' the Hawley-Smoot bill, reference is made to of this "nozzle " are solidified either by a process of evaporation or by " rayon in bands or strips," which is also a product, not a by-product. being plunged into a fixing bath. These strips differ from the other continuous filaments because the After this the coagulated filaments are twisted together or "spun" apertures in the nozzle are of different shape, being wide slits of ex into tile rayon yarn of commerce. treme thinness. These bands or strips, of various widths, are not Four distinct processes are used in the manufacture of rayon, known twisted, and are used chie:fl.y in millinery and Christmas-tree decora as tbe viscose, the nitro-cellulose, the cellulose acetate, and the cupram tions. monium processes. The >iscose method is most common in America. TARIFF HISTORY OF RAYON Rayon is made in many different sizes or "deniers." We find that The tariff history of rayon is all very recent indeed. For in 1913, the sizes most in use for women's undergarments. hosiery, broad silks, when the Underwood tariff was framed, "there was only one small velvets, linings, window curtains, is known as 150 deniers, while yarn rayon plant in America, then known as the Viscose Co., which bad of 300 deniers is used for innumerable hou chold fabrics in middle-class been incorporated in 1909 with a capital of $25,000. homes, such as draperies, bedspreads, upholsteries. Coarser yarns, say This Viscose Co. changed its name to "American Viscose Co." when of 450 deniers, are utilized in embroideries, carpets, sweaters. it decided to ask for a tariff in 1921, also increasing its capitaliza . Rayon yarns in each size are made in four or more qualities, known tion to $10,000,000 at that time. as grade A, grade B, grade C, and grade Inferior. Of course, putting "American " before its name does not change the With the present minimum specific rate operative, little yarn above fact that it is a subsidiary of the great Courtauld's (Ltd.), of England, 150 deniers can profitably be imported, and only grade A at that. which is a controlling factor in the Rayon International Cartel For· the most part, therefore, competitive price do not exist, especially It is said that the Dn Ponts own 5 per cent of the stock of the as the domestic producers are all obviously interrelated. American Viscose Co. and the French Comptoir des Textiles Arti RAYON PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODuCTS ficiels also 10 per cent, all the rest being British owned. For the most part, the chief product of the rayon plant is the silky, In 1920 two other companies were started in· America, ·one affiliated lustrous rayon yarn of continuous filaments. with a French syndicate, the other with an Italian syndicate. ' But " cut fibers " or " staple fibers" are also products, not by-products, By the time the Ways and 1\leans Committee began to bold hearings in that they are designed, not accidental. As the filaments emerge from on the Fordney tariff bill in the late fall of 1921, three other com the tiny apertures of the nozzle and are coagulated they are cut before panies, all foreign owned, had sprung up. It is doubtful whether these they are twisted. These short, untwisted lengths are sold chie:fl.y to last three were actually in production, but they joined the first three makers of " spun rayon yarns " or " union " yarns. in demanding a tariff on their products. Rayon waste is made at ev~ry stage of the manufacture of rayon, and So these six foreign companies, only one of which was really an even in the textile mills, we find. In thi point the statement in the e tablished and going concern, the patents under which they operated Tariff Information Service is inaccurate. as well as their stockholders being European, demanded an American Naturally, every rayon plant and every textile mill tl'ies to make as protective tariff. And they got what they asked for. No one opposed little waste as possible. Much more of it is made at some times than them. In fact, no one in America at that time knew much about at others, for various reasotls. " artificial silk," as rayon was then called. Because the demand for rayon waste is steady, and the domestic Of course, this is all astounding to a student of American politics. supply irregular, with the tariff prohibitory at most price levels, the It is one of those comic interludes in the history of the American prices for rayon waste in America :fluctuate violently. protective tariff. From the Daily News Record and other trade quotations we find that But it must be remembered that it was a time of economic and the price bas varied from 16 cents to 46 cents within a few weeks· political confusion, amid the de:fl.ation and reconstruction that followed time. the Great War. The Tariff Commission was in the throes of reorganiza Raw materials of indu try should be on the free list. Rayon waste is tion. In the banding out of tariff plums there were no standards to an important raw material in the textile industry after it bas been go by. salvaged, and is the principal raw material in the growing "spun-yarn" At the bearings before the Senate Finance Committee in 1922, the industry, which performs the salvaging. chairman of the board of one of these companies stated frankly that Why should there be a duty on rayon waste any more than silk waste they had no figures available as to the costs of domestic production. or cotton waste, both of which come in free? (See Senate Finance Committee hearings, 67th Cong., 1st sess., p. 6863.) " Sliver," " roving," and " tops" represent salvaged waste in an intet· This statement at the time seems to have created no surprise, al mediate form from waste to the " spun" yarn of commerce. though the entire theory of the American protective tariff revolves But " noils " are a waste of waste, and nothing could be more around that very point. absurd than to place a higher duty on "noils" than on the original The briefs filed by these six rayon companies in 1922, in suppont of waste of which it is a residue. their plea for a specific duty to equalize costs of production here and When the original waste is put through the garnetting machine the abroad, set forth that "the selling price per pound at the time in the iron teeth in the rollers pull f!.part the hard lumps in the waste, reduc United States" was $2.50, while the selling price per pound in Europe ing it to a soft, :fluffy mass, which is then combed into "tops," all the was $1.42, so that a specific rate of duty was necessary, they claimed, fiber lying the same way. But this process of garnetting and combing to equalize the respective selling prices (p. 6865). leaves a residue or waste called "noils." The briefs also add that " the price of labor in the United States is Americans are supposed to have a sense of humor. But it was lack rour or five times that of labor in Europe," and that "raw materials ing, it would seem, among the members of the majority of the Finance are 10 per cent cheaper in Europe." Neither of these statements was Committee who wrote the rates in paragraph 1302. backed up by figures, but they apparently connnced the committee, They put a duty of 10 per cent on waste and 25 per cent on waste of unsupported as they were. waste or noils. They put a duty of 25 per ·cent on garnetted or carded Finally, the rayon companies stated that the total capacity for rayon waste, ready to be combed into " tops," " sliver," or "roling," which is production in the United States was 19,000,000 or 20,000,000 pounds. the same as for the poor nolls, which must be still further treated before (They themselves produced 24,000,000 that same year.) they can come into the class of " garnetted " waste. On such :flimsy and unsupported representations as these Congress The " spun-rayon yarns " refert·ed to in paragraph 1303 differ from voted these European companies a specific rate of 45 cents a pound, the ordinary silky-looking, lustrous yarns of continuous filaments in that with correspondingly high rates on secondary products.
they lack luster and have a certain fuzzy appearance, due to the short DRASTIC CHANGES IN THE RAYO~ IKDUSTRY SINCE 1922 fibers of which they are spun. Spun yarns are used in worsted and woolen type clothing for both It may have been an "infant industry" in 1922, but in the inter men and women. They decrease the cost of these garments and add to nning seven years tbe domestic rayon industry has increased its pro. the appearance of the cheaper wools and worsteds, which are dull and duction by 900 per cent, reaching the stupendous output of 132,000,000 lifeless by themselves. Fancy effects are obtained by dyeing these cloth pounds in the present year, which is more than a third of the total world in the same dye, which colors the wool but not the rayon fibers. The production. popular " Bolivia " cloth is made in this way. There is a considerable There are now 19 companies in production, with a half dozen others and fast-growing spun-yarn industry in America, which imports rayon incorporated, all of them either closely affiliated with each other or waste and cut fibers. with the European cartel Members of this committee residing in Fitchburg, Mass., report a very America is now the largest producer and the largest consumer of large plant there which imports a special type of cut fiber treated by a rayon. With new fields constantly opening up, there is no visible secret process and known as sase. limit to the probable future demand, which is always ahead of tbe This plant turns out 800,000 pounds a year of a high quality of spun supply. yarn that is much sought after by the textile mills. In the intervening years many, many millions of hard-earned dollars The Du Ponts, who have a plant at Buffalo, have tried in vain to have been taken from the pockets of American women in the guise of compete with this Fitchburg spun yarn, and therefore are said to have "protection for Am P. ricau industry." made special efforts to get high duties on cut fibers and waste to put the More than. seven years have elapsed since tbe rayon companies ad Fitchburg plant out of commission. mitted to the makers of the Fordney-MrCumber bill that they did not 1238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE JANUARY8 know. what their costs of prodnction were. Not even yet hnve they Although the Senate Finance Committee made only small changes in ventured to disclose them. the rates as finally adopted by the House, our committee desires to call Meantime, however, the United States Government has gathered .attention to the fact that the Ways and Means Committee reversed some figures that throw much light on the matter. itself in a most unusual manner on the floor of tbe House after the bill The Census of Manufactures reports that in 1927 the labor cost was was reported out. $32,643,388 in a production of $109,888,336 in value. A comparison between House Document No. 15, which contains the bill The cost of labor and salaries, therefore, amounted to 30 per cent as :finally adopted and reported to the House, and House DoCUIDient No. of the value of rayon produced in 1927. 23, which gives the bill as adopted by the House, shows that the Ways The amount of tari1I levied was $6,972,739 on 15,044,849 pounds of and .Means Committee as a result of their bearings and after consid yarns, which is equivalent to 53.77 per cent ad valorem. ering all the facts came to the same conclusions as this committee bas, This makes it apparent that a specific _rate can not be justified as namely, that present rates are too high. necessary to protect labor. When the Ways and :Means Committee reported out the bill all the Other interesting data on the same sheet relate further to production rates bad been placed on an ad valorem basis. costs: All the rates were lower than in the present bill now before the Cost of materials, supplies,' containers was ______$22, 649, 441 Senate on the various products and by-products and on waste, including Cost of fuel and rented power was______3, 003, 937 noils. Wages and salaries------32, 643, 388 There can be no question, it seems to us, that this was done after Touu ______58,296,766 111ature consideration of an the facts. Subtracting this amount from the production of $109,888,336 leaves Then Representative CHINDBLOM, of Illinois, himself a member of the the enormous amount of $51,591,570 for taxes, insurance, repairs, de Ways and Means Committee, made a motion to amend the schedule by preciation, and profits. restoring the former minimum specific rates. We do not know the equivalent European costs, but the United One is surprised to find that the Ways and Means Coin'Inittee then States Tariff Commission published in 1925 a report of its survey of and there accepted this amendment, a course of procedure that has the rayon industry. Raw materials, says the report, are not 10 per caused widespread comment by trade papers, by journals of commerce, cent cheaper in Europe, as was claimed to be the case in 1922. On the and by Wall Street generally. contrary, in this matter of materials, America has a distinct advantage. This committee believes that the rates first proposed by the House We are nearer to the Canadian supply of wood pulp. were fair and just for the most part. The Tariff Commission report goes on : THE PLACE OF RAYON IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY " Under present conditions of free trade in wood pulp, the American The cost of clothing, which bas been high relatively since the World manufacturer is at no disadvantage in obtaining the Scandinavian prod War, promises to go still higher with increases in the wool schedule. net. · The margin between the prices paid by the domestic manufacturer All the more reason, we think, that the cost of other raw materials at or near tidewater and his English or continental competitors is such as rayon should be kept down. no greater than the difference in marine charges and insurance. In The textile industry has been in a depressed condition for several the case of cotton linters the American bas the advantage of proximity years. In the cotton n:ill.Is, however, rayon has been a sort of fairy to a large domestic supply." godmother, serving to render many cotton fabrics attractive which had And as to chemicals, the Tariff Commission report goes on : been dull and unsalable before. Rayon is also mixed with cheaper " There are practically no tariff considerations affecting the avail grades of wool in many fabrics now in demand, so that the woolen and ability of any of these chemical , the domestic supply being ample." worsted mills also find it an important raw material. The advantage of cheaper labor in foreign countries, which was un The committee believes that reasonable tariff rates will lower the doubtedly the case in 1922, has long since very materially decreased. cost of textiles generally to the women consumers and will help to Concerning this, the Tariff Commi ion says : restore prosperity to the vast textile industry, which employs more " With the introduction of the 8-bour day in several European coun than a million workers, as against 26,000 employed in the rayon trie , part of this advantage bas been temporarily lost. The increase plants. in labor force as a result of the decrease in hours bas somewhat reduced the trained supply and increased the cost of the labor item in the ex MOST RAYON PLANTS ARE FOREIGN OWNED A.'ID DOMINATED :BY THE pense of production." INTERNATIONAL RAYON CARTEL But a still more important change bas been the tendency to replace Attached hereto is a chart of tbe ramifications of the vast cartel labor with mac.hines in America. which controls production and prices of rayon the world over. This '£he 1928 Census of Manufactures points out that during the stu chart was published some months ago by the Daily News Record, and its pendous increase in production from 1925 to 1927, from 52,20!:1,225 correctness has not been challenged. pouuds to 78,522,000 in 1927, or about 54 per cent increase in produc To the minds of this committee, this chart of the interrelations of tion, the number of wage earners increased only from 19,128 to 26,341, the rayon cartel is a vivid, graphic argument against high tariffs on or about 37.7 per cent, and the amount paid in wages increased only rayon. about 24 per cent. The American Viscose Co., which produces 54 per cent of the entire But in the meantime the horsepower increased from 66,966 in 1925 American output, has been making vast profits for its British stock to 122,406 in 1927, an increase of 82.8 per cent: holders at the expense of American consumers. THE TJ
1922______70,000,000 2~. 000,000 2, 000,000 Their importations are reported to contain large quantities of 1928_------__ :: ______350, 000, 000 98, 000, ()()() 12, 000, 000 deniers in which those importers who are trying to build up markets can not compete. Their import activities are more as Price of 150 denier 2.75 in 1922; 1.50 first 3 months; $1.15 since 1une, 1929. With domestic producers, yet their activities react on the entire import prices 60 per cent o1I and profits tremendous, tariff increases are sought. ituation. 1922-1928 Mr. President, I now want to move that paragraph 1301 be amended, as follows : Total duty paid to the United States Treasury on all · imports of rayon yarns and products of cellulose ______$42, 700, 000 On page 183, line 24, after the words "ad valorem," to strike Estimated dividends to Courtauld's (Ltd.) from American out "Pt·o'IJided, That none of the foregoing shall be subject to a Viscose Corporation------204, 000, 000 less duty than 45 cents per pound"; and also on page 184, line Ratio of benefits: American people, 1; foreign stockholdere, 4%. 1, after the word " having," to strike out " more than 20 turns SO'CRCES OF INFORMATION twist per inch shall be subject to an additional cumulative duty " List of Artificial Silk Companies Shares Dealt in on Stock Ex of 50 cents per pound," and in lieu thereof to insert "in the change," page 55. B. Morison & Co., London, England. singles, 11 turns twist per inch, but not more than 32 turns Rotterdamsche Bankvereeniging, Bolland, " Monthly Review,'' No. 10, twist pel' inch, shall be as essed at the rate of 45 per cent ad October, 1928. valorem ; twisted more than 32 turns per inch, 50 per cent ad Briefs of rayon-yarn importers. valorem." Report of directors and balance sheet to December 31, 1928, of Court Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me? auld' (Ltd.), published in London, England, under date of February 14, The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Montana 19:!9. yield to the Senator from Utah? Department of Commerce, report No. 81, on Representative Inter· Mr. WHEELER. I yield. national Cartels, Combines, and Trusts. Mr. KING. Will the Senator again state his amendment? Tbe VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair will state that the Sena- Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, we produce in this country tor is proposing separate amendments, and the vote on them will twice as much rayon as is produced in any other country. How- have to be taken separately. Does the Senator desire a vote . ever, about 70 per cent of our output is foreign conh·olled. As now on the first amendment, or does he desire first to discuss I said a moment ago, the American Viscose Corporation produces both amendments? over 50 per cent of all the rayon made in this country. They Mr. WHEELER. I offer both amendments at this time. are in turn owned by Courtauld's (Ltd.) of England, who domi Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, will the Senator from Montana nate the world's rayon industry. yield to me? The price level is relatively much higher here than in the The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Montana other world markets. The tariff is responsible for this fact. yield to tbe Senator from Utah? The difference in the cost of making rayon abroad and in this Mr. WHEELER. Yes. country, according to the best figures obtainable, showed 150 Mr. SMOOT. I do not know whether or not the Senator denier, at 60 cents per pound in this country, as against about from Montana w.as in the Chamber on Monday last when this 52 cents abroad. This difference would be covered by a duty of question ru·ose. The amendment in paragraph 1301 was agreed 20 per cent ad valorem, but the actual duty amounts to 60 to to with the understanding that any Senator could call the mat 112 per cent ad valorem. When the difference in the cost of ter up at any time and ask for a reconsideration of the vote by production at home and abroad is 8 cents a pound, according to which the amendment was agreed to. I stated at that time that the figures which I have before me, we are giving a tariff of I would ask the Tariff Commission to send a man to New York from 60 to 112 per cent ad valorem. and get the latest information as to the cost of the imported To have a clear picture of some of the facts in the ease we articles. There is some question as to the report which we now mu t realize that rayon is as nearly a world monopoly as ·exists have being up to date. I wish to say to the Senator that I very in any industry to-day. Four-fifths of the world's supply is much prefer to have this amendment go over until I shall have controlled by a combination of leading viscose-producing .con received the 'report to which I refer. It will be but a ~hort time cerns. mostly foreign. For years vast profits have been drawn until the information asked for shall be furnished, and then we from the United States under the cover of our tariff. The con will know what we ought to do without having to gue s about it trol of the industry presents a sinister picture when clearly see-n. Mr. WHEELER. I do not know whether or not I distinctly It is a type of picture that is abhorrent to our American sense heard the statement of the Senator from Utah. Do I under- 1930 CONGRESSIONATI RECORD-SENATE 1247 stand the Senator to say that he ha.s sent to New York for some we know positively what the price of the commodity is to-day figures? delivered in New York, and we will get the prices directly from Mr. SMOOT. The Tariff Cemmission will send a man to the invoices. New York to get the latest figures as to the prices of the articles :Mr. COPELAND. I assume that what the Senator from Utah . imported falling within this paragraph. Those figures should has in mind is merely that the paragraph shall go over until the have a bearing upon the two amendments the Senator from Mon figures to which he has referred shall have been received. tana has just proposed. All of the remainder of the schedule Mr. SMOOT. That is all. has been agreed to, with the exception of one or two amend Mr. COPELAND. And it will be understood that it will then ments which are to follow, but when the amendment in para be open to debate and discussion? graph 1301 was agreed to . the other day, it was done with the Mr. SMOOT. Certainly. distinct understanding that if any Senator desired a reconsid Mr. COPELAND. Just the same as if the question were to eration of the vote whereby the amendment was agreed to, the be settled now? request would be granted. I now should like to have the Mr. SMOOT. Certainly. amendment go over until we shall have received from the Tariff Mr. COPELAND. So that every Senator who has anything Commission the report to which I refer ; then we shall know to say on the subject will then have his opportunity. just exactly what the figures are to-day and the different grades Mr. SMOOT. That is correct. of fineness of the yarns, and there will not be any guessing Mr. COPELAND. I have no objection, then, to the course about it. suggested. Mr. WHEELER. Of course, that can not very much affect the The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to passing over specific duty. the amendment? Mr. SMOOT. Yes; that is just exactly what it would affect. Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I have no objection to the para It would affect it in this way: If there is not a difference of graph going over, in fact, I think it might be well to have it 45 cents there will be no need of the proviso going in, and if go over, but let me suggest to the Senator from Montana that there is such a difference, then the Senate must decide as to be propose his amendment so that it may be pending and so that whether or not it wants to take any chances as to the future. he may take it up'at the proper time. I should like to have the matter settled, but I know the Senator At present, Mr. President, I wish to delay the Senate merely from Montana would not want, any more than I would, to have to put into the REcoRD some figures which ought to be put in, as the question of the rate decided in such a way as to interfere I think, on this very question. with the industry and perhaps cause it to suffer. I am sure I wish first to offer a table showing the imports for consump I do not desire any higher duty than is necessary. So I think tion and warehouse at port of New York in 1927, 1928, and the what I suggest is the proper course to pursue. first nine months of 1929 classified by principal yarn counts. Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I myself have not any ob I call the attention of the Senate to the fact that the imports jection to having the amendment go over if before final action of 75 deniers in 1927 amounted to 35,386 pounds; of 100 deniers the Senator from Utah wants the Tariff Commission to secure to 67,868 pounds; of 120 deniers to 132,973 pounds; of 150 the figures to which he refers, but if the information which has deniers-and we are now getting into the coarser goods-to been given me by Mr. Lewis, and the information which has ]2,126,462 pounds; of 300 deniers-still coarser goods-to 2,008,- been given to me by others, is correct, then there certainly is 470 pounds; and of 450 deniers to 115,826 pounds. not any reason why the specific duty should be higher; as a While the table which I am proposing to insert in the REcoRD matter of fact, there is not any reason which I can see, in will show the figures for 1928, I wish to call attention to the face of the figures that have been given to me with reference to changes indicated by the imports for the first nine months of 1929. the difference in the cost of production at home and abroad, Of 75 deniers, the imports increased from 30,000 pounds, in round why the tariff upon this article should be any more than 20 per numbers, to 268,000 pounds, in round numbers; but the 150- cent. However, I am willing to concede even more than 20 denier yarn still accounted for 9,184,373 pounds of our importc:;. per cent, but I shall sincerely oppose the specific duty of 45 Mr. SMOOT. In the nine months. cents, because I think, speaking frankly, that it is little less Mr. GEORGE. In the nine months. than scandalous to have a duty of from 60 to 112 per cent on Mr. President, the second table which I wish to put in the rayon-and that is what it means. REcORD gives the ratio to total quantity both in pounds and Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I merely wish to say that if value. I wish to call attention to the fact that 75 deniers we take the latest figures which have been furnished by the that is a fine yarn-amounted to 0.241 of the total imports-that Tariff Commission there is a difference of 43.5 cents a pound. 100 deniers, which is still a fine yarn, amounted to 0.463 of the Before I definitely decide the question I want to know what the total imports ; that the 120 deniers amounted to 0.906 per cent. difference is at this time, and that is exactly what the Tariff Bear in mind that the ad valorem would apply on those yarns, Commission is going to ascertain. but when we get to tl).e 150 deniers, the 45 per cent minimum Mr. WHEELER. When the Senator receives the figures from to which the Senator from Montana has objected would apply, the Tariff Commission, before he submits them to the Senate, will he submit them to me so that I, as well as he, may have and not the ad valorem rate. the benefit of them? Mr. WHEELER. Exactly. Mr. SMOOT. Certainly. I will be glad to have them printed Mr. GEORGE. Yarn of 150 deniers accounts for 82.654 per in the RECORD, or I will be glad to give a copy to the Senator cent of the total imports, or approximately 82% per cent of directly as oon as the figures shall be received. the total imports. Still a coarser yarn, 300 deniers, accounts Mr. WHEELER. I should like to check them over with Mr. fo-r 13.690 per cent of the total imports, and 450 deniers ac Lewis, who wu formerly a member of the Tariff Commission counts for 0.789 per cent. So that the coarse yarns, 150s and and who has given me the information to which I have referred. 300s, amount to roughly 96 per cent of the imports, on which Mr. SMOOT. The figures in the monthly reports are all we not the 45 per cent ad valorem would apply, but the 45 cents have now. They cover the statistics for Boston, New York, specific per pound, as the Senator from Montana has pointed Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco, and taking those figures out. I ask to have this table printed in the REcoRD. there is a difference of 43.5 cents a pound. I do not want to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so vote upon this rate, as I said the other day, and I am sure the ordered. Senator from Georgia does not want to act upon this rate, until The table is as follows :
Rauon: Import& for comumption and warehouse at port of New York in 19f1, 19t8, and 19B9 (9 mont/u) da$8ified. bfl principal yarn counu
1927 1928 1929 (9 months 1)
Deniers Value per Value per Pounds Value per Pounds Pounds Value pound Value pound Value pound
75 ______35,386 $54,038.00 $1.527 136,310 $200, 587. 00 $1.472 268,550 $292,379.00 $1.089 100_ ------67,868 86,671. ()() 1. 277 831,555 880,908.00 1. 059 1, 041,034 1, 131, 729. 00 1.087 12()___ ------132,973 183,393. ()() 1.379 184, 124 214,772.00 1.166 240,438 254,186. ()() 1.057 15() __ ------12, 126,462 10, 281, 624. ()() .851 9, 337,525 7, 615, 012. ()() .816 9,184,373 6,3~ 733.00 ,llf,g 300_------2, 008,470 1, 407' 923. 00 . 701 916,959 652,738. ()() . 712 283,615 143,029.00 .504 4.50 ___ ------115,826 78,717. ()() .680 27,086 18,494.00 .683 2,690 1, 510. 00 .564 Total all deniers and qualities______'14, 671,409 12,318,751.00 .840 I 11. 962, 555 10, 166, 620. ()() .850 11,632,655 s. 819, soo. oo I • 758
1 January-Eeptember, inclusive. 2 For which sizes and quantities were shown on invoice. LXXII-79 1248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 8 I ask also that a rough tabulation of rayon yarn single im Ratio to total quantity Ratio to total value ports for consumption from January to September, 1929, based Deniers on quality, be inserted in the REcor.D. It must be understood 1927 1928 1929 1 1927 1928 that this table does not come from the Tariff Commission, but I ------· --1----,1------believe it to be correct. This shows the importation according to grades-that is, grades A, B, C, and D, or grades A, B, C, Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cll'TI.t Per cent Per cent 75------0. 241 1.139 2. 309 0. 439 L 973 3. 315 and inferior-rayon yarns being classified not only according 100______. 463 6. 951 8. 949 . 70! 8. 665 12.832 to the deniers but according to the quality. 120______. 906 1. 539 2. 067 1. 489 2.113 2. 882 150______82.654 78.056 78.953 83.463 74.902 71.733 The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. 300------13.690 7. GG5 2. 438 11.429 6.420 1. 622 The tables referred to are as follows : 450 _____ ------. 789 . 226 . OZJ . 639 . 182 . 017 Effect of rates in H. R. 2667. up~Jl 'iml!OI'ts of t·ayon yarn (singles), based on a ,;erage uwoJce prlce per pound in 1918 Total, all deniers _____ -UnOOrloO:oo~ ~ ~ --wo.oo
Equivalent Equiv- 1 January-September, inclusive. Value per Singles yarn count Rate of duty specific alent ad pound 1 Impa r t~ (or consumption and warehouse at port of Ne1o York of ravon rate per valorem yarn singles, 1!f29, classified by principal yarn counts pound
Total Total in- Per cent yarns $1.472 50 percent ad valorem 2_ 736 60.00 75 de- 100 de- 120de- 150 de- 300de- 450de- eluding 75 denier------1. 059 _____ do.! ______tO. not 100 dcni:lr ------.530 60.00 niers niers niers Diers niers Diers other num- 1.166 _____ do.! ______deniers 120 denier------.583 50.00 bered 150 denier------. 816 45 per cent ad valorem 2 _ 2.367 55.10 . 712 ____ _do ______2 300 denier------. 683 _____ do ______• 320 63.20 ------450 denier------2.307 65. 90 Pounds Pounds .Pound.! Pounds 1-'ounds Ppunds Pound& Pounds January ______9, 456 93, 5471 32,936 1,397, 309 16,523 1 Average price for total inports during year, including all grades in each size range. February ______20,467 97,897, {6, 860 926,509 44,375 ------1, ""·an210, 500 i"''1, 058765 2 Minimum, 45 cents per pound. March_ ------. 18,749 132, 780 2!, 315 1, 136,8931 16,973 40 1, 417,387 4, 699 April ______----- 1, 087, 3().! 72, 457 2,MO 1, 562,761. 28,917 Effect of rates. ~n H. R. £667 upon impot·ts of t·ayon yanl (singles), basecl 49,558 157, 862132, 72.'3 1 May------21,578 176, 803 26, 318 1, 144,508 61,232 ------1, 520, 992 4, 774 on average tnvoice price per poun(l during first nine months Of 1929 June ______20,842 133,199 12,555 1, 250,210 48,677 ------1, 513, 492 23, 526 July------13,887 89,217 18,305 633,943 17, 174 ------800,283 ------August ______28, 157 51,476 22, 618 851,513 4,884 ------982,275 292 Equivalent Equiva· September ______108,247 23,808 756, 184 996,594 2,153 Value lent ad 85,856 1,329 ------per Rate of duty specific valorem rate per of effec- Value pound Value I Value Value Value Value Value Value pound tive duty January------$8, 915 $99, 492 $33, 891 $987, 228 $8,719 ------$1,223,842 $21,367 February_------21, 272, 111, 119 49,708 658, 034125, 240 941,210 3, 243 March ______20, 886 170, 333 25, 504 764,4.85 8, 744 ----$20 1,094, 084 3,832 April ____ ------66, 222· 184, 050 30, 881 724, 7651 35, 426 1,490 l, 215,840 19,542 Per cent 1 1, 151, 168 7, 365 75_------$1. C89 50 per cent ad valorem 1 ro.M4 50.00 May_------24,359 187,047 27,704 798, 6!!01 30, 184. 1. 087 ____ _do.l ______June ______----- 1, 127,026 15,353 !()() ___ ------. 544 50.00 22,123 141,709 12,339 867,294 ZJ, 837 1.057 _____ do.l ______July------16,473 85,522 19,6<10 600,521 120------. 528 50.00 August ______458 . 689 45 per cent ad valorem 1 65. 31 23,730 47, 179 26,047 434,577, 130 2, 484 699,031 150_------I. 310 \ September ______88,399 105,278 28,472 515,086"'I '· ...454 767, 168 1.884 3()0_ ------. 504 __ ___ do.1_ ------1.227 89.29 460_ ------.564 _____ do.1_ ------1. 254 79.79
Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, there is just one other table 1 Minimum, 45 cents per pound. that I wish to have incorporated in the RECORD, and that is a NoTE.-On single yarns of 150denier and coarser, the rates in H. R. 2667 are idf\ntical table showing the effect of these rates upon the imports of rayon with the rates in the present la w, although named in reverse order. In present net the duty is 45 cents per pound on singles with a minimum of 45 per cent ad valorem. yarn-singles-based on the average invoice price per pound On single yarns finer than 15:> denier, there is in effer.t an increase. during the first nine months of 1929. Rayon-yarn singles~ imports for consumption, Januarv-Septcmber, 1929- The equivalent ad valorem on the 75s would, of course, be Qtwlity distributi-on 50 per cent, because the ad valorem rates apply. On 100s, the 50 per cent ad valorem would apply. Ratio to Ratio to On 120s, the 50 per cent ad valorem would apply. Grade Pounds total Value total These are the fine goods, the luxury goods. quantity value On the 150s, the average value per pound of all imports com ing into the country during the first nine months of 1929 was Per cent Per cent 68 and a fraction cents a pound-let us say 70 cents per pound Grade A ___ _------______------5, 558,743 49.58 $4,731,482 56.21 Grade B ____ ------3, 935,214 35.10 2, 685, !:67 31.91 so that the 45 per cent ad Yalorem does not apply, but the mini Grade 0 __ ------__ 1, 588,208 14. 16 915,219 10.87 mum of 45 cents per pound does apply, and n-e have an equi\a Grade D ------___ 130,285 1.16 85,18--1 1. 01 lent ad valorem of effective duty or 65.31 on 82lh per cent of ---- Total, all grades shown __ ------_ 11,212,450 100.00 s. 417,852 100.00 the imports of rayon yarn into this country. Now, take the 300 denier. The average value per pound of all imports during the first nine months of 1929 was 50.4 cents Mr. WHEELER. 1\Ir. President, I desire to call the attention per pound, so that the ad valorem does not apply, but the specific of the Senator from Utah to these figures which I have. does apply; and we have the equivalent ad valorem effective In 192-8 the total rayon production in the United States wa.s duty of 89.29, or nearly 90 per cent, upon 13% per cent plus of 97,000,000 pounds. The American viscose production in the all imports of rayon into the country. same period of time was 54,000,000 pounds, or 55 per cent. In Mr. President, the Senator from Montana [Mr. WHEELER] is pre 1928, the same year, the American nscose cost of goods sold, cisely right in the objection which he has raised to these duties. as shown by their income-tax return, was $25,832,344. Their Not only is he right but this schedule presents a complete re cost per pound of goods sold was 47 cents. The minimum duty versal of the entire tariff policy in existence to-day, in that in was 45 cents per pound. the coarser rayon yarns less labor is required, while the duty is I should like to ask the Senator if anyone claims that rayon higher, but a lower duty is placed on the finer yarns, in which can be produced in Europe for 2 cents per pound. a much greater percentage of labor is actually employed. 1\Ir. KING. Mr. President, if the Senator from Georgia will The result, when it is reduced down to plain American facts, permit me to do so, I should like to make a very brief state-· is that lie are putting a high tax upon 96 per cent of the raw ment ; and then, if he cares to answer some of the que tions product of the rayon industry in the United States-that is, of implied, I shall be very glad to have him do so. First, .I should all rayon spinners. We are putting a higher duty on the great like to observe that I have been necessarily absent for some bulk of imports that go into sweaters; that go into tapestries, time, and I am not familiar with this schedule. espe<:ially the coarser tapestries; that go into the homes and on As I understand the facts elicited in the debate, the rayon the backs of the average American family. We are putting a industry bas grown up during the past few years under exi ting duty there that will run up to approximately 90 per cent, tariff schedules. It has grown so rapidly that the domestic whereas under this scheme the strict luxury goods are per production for 1929 was 125,000,000 pounds. The imports were mitted to come in at a rate of 50 per cent ad valorem. 12,000,000 pounds. So that under existing rates a new indu try Mr. President, I ask that the table to which I have just re bas been developed, and has reached such magnitude that the ferred be inserted in the RF..COBD, and that an additional table, imports are less than 10 per cent of the domestic production. showing the imports of rayon-yard singles, based on average As I understand the statement made by the Senator from Mon invoice price per pound in 1928, be likewise inserted in the tana, the profits made by the domestic manufacturers have been RECORD. not only great but stupendous. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1249 I was wondering, Mr. President-and I address this question Mr. GEORGE. Twenty-five per cent ad valorem would not to the Senator from Georgia, if he cares to answer it-~hat be equivalent to exactly 10 cents a pound. justification there is for any tariff upon rayon. If there lS a Mr. SMOOT. No. It would be equivalent to about 12% justification, would it be fair to increase existing rates? If an cents; and if we do not make that difference, then of course it infant industry has been developed under present rates, and has would come in under paragraph 1302 rather than ever coming assumed the large proportions which the rayon industry has in under paragraph 1303. So, if ~e are going to make it con reached, I am at a loss to understand upon what theory of pro form,· that 20 per cent should be at least 12% per cent, or else tection we would be justified in increasing any of the rates. It there would be that difference between the two. would seem to me that ther:e ought to be a reduction. If the Senator wanted to accomplish that result, he should Moreover as I understand the facts presented in the debate, move to amend the Senate amendment by striking out "20" most of the' manufacturers are integrated or connected in some and inserting "12%," and we could leave the wording just as way with foreign corporations and foreign corporations are it is otherwise. interested here. A very large part of the capital invested in the Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I ask the privilege of with rayon industry is of foreign origin and foreign ownership. It drawing my motion, and making the motion indicated by the would seem, therefore, that the foreign producers of rayon and Senator from Utah. the domestic producers of rayon form a combination which is The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator modifies his amend invulnerable to any attack; and they can send in rayon if they ment. choose or not send it in. They can produce it here as cheaply Mr. GEORGE. I think the Senator from Utah is correct in as they desire, or so cheaply as not to warrant any importa his statement, and I therefore move that, in line 18, page 184, tions. In other words, there is a trust in which foreigners and the numerals "20" be stricken out, and that the numerals domestic manufacturers are united, and they control the domes " 12lh " be substituted therefor. tic market if they do not entirely.control the foreign market. Mr. KING. Mr. President, I would like to ask the Senator As one who desires to give legitimate protection to an infant from Georgia, if that motion should prevail, what would be the industry, and to this industry if it is needed, for the life of me ad valorem, reducing it all to ad valorem, upon the products I am unable to see any justification for increasing the rates; imported under paragraph 1303? Would not that amount to but, upon the contrary, there would seem to be.very persuasive approximately between 60 and 70 per cent ad valorem? . arguments for material reductions. Mr. SMOOT. That would be about 11 per cent on the ordi Any discussion that will elucidate these points will be greatly nary yarn, under the 12:lh-cent duty. Then, in addition, if sin welcomed by myself. · gles, 45 per cent ad valorem, which would make it about 56 per :Mr. COPELAND. ?1-Ir. President, will the Senator yield for a cent. That is in conformity with some of the other duties, the moment? 60 per cent rate on silks and finer goods. It must be balanced. Mr. KING. I yield. I do not see how we could justify leaving loopholes in one para Mr. COPELAND. It is a very interesting thing that the graph as against another. If we do that, the articles will come Senator has touched upon-a thing that actually does exist in in the form which it is cheapest to bring in. that these local concerns, perhaps branches of foreign concerns, The Senate has already decided as to the filaments, and now are the chief importers. we are on the next step in the manufacture of spun yarns. We If I am correctly advised as to the importations through the want those to be in conformity with what we have already done port of New York for the six months from June 1 to December 1, in the first step. 61 per cent of the total importations were received by the New Mr. KING. Mr. President, I appreciate the logic of my col York Rayon Importing Co., who are agents for a French com league. The vice of our tariff legislation and our tariff sched pany; the American Glanzstoff Corporation, a Dutch concern; ules oftentimes results from the improper rate imposed as a and the Luster Fibres, a branch of the English concern. Then foundation. Having laid the extortionate rate as a foundation, one American concern received a small amount of 478 cases as or some branch of it, that calls for a corresponding so-called against 19,000 cases. So 61 per cent of the total importations in compensatory ad\ancement with respect not only to one grade that period, as the Senator has suggested, have been through higher in the development of the art or industry but as to all local concerns coming from foreign concerns. ~ades until finally we have a pyramid that reaches to the The VICE PRESIDENT. It is understood that paragraph heaven's in the multitudinous developments of the _production in 1301 is passed over without objection, as stated awhile ago. the particular industry. The clerk will state the next amendment. My colleague is right in saying that we have levied a certain The next amendment was, on page 184, line 17, after the word " Spun," to strike out "rayon yarn, 10" and insert "yarn of rate in another paragraph, and unless we raise the rate here to rayon or other synthetic textile, 20," so as to make the para measure up to that standard, there will be imports under one graph read: particular paragraph which will defeat the op~ration of another paragraph. I concede that, but it does see~ to me that if we PAR. 1303. Spun yarn of rayon or other synthetic textile, 20 cents can we ought first to lay a proper foundation, and not use an per pound, and, in addition, if singles-, 45 per cent ad valorem, if plie