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Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII French Revolution Topic: National Assembly Formation May 16-17, 2020 University of California, Davis Crisis Director: Nathan Kashiwamura Head Chair: Jaime Rivas Vice Chair: Isabela Jauregui Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII The following content was developed by members of the Davis Model United Nations conference planning team for the sole purpose of framing delegate discussions and debate at the conference and does not represent any official position of the University or anyone engaged in preparing the materials. Delegates should use this information to guide their research and preparation for the conference but should not assume that it represents a complete analysis of the issues under discussion. The materials should not be reproduced, circulated or distributed for any purpose other than as may be required in order to prepare for the conference. 2 Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII Letter from the Head Chair Dear Delegates, Welcome to the French Revolution, the great disturbance of Europe! My name is Jaime Rivas, and I will be your Head Chair for the French Revolution Crisis. As the Head Chair, I expect productive debate and discussion to keep the front room as interesting as the back room. I am a 4th year Political Science and Economics major at UC Davis and have been part of MUN for about 3 years now. Other than MUN, I occupy myself by studying current events, arguing over historical topics, listening to audiobooks and podcasts, or simply watching shows and movies on whatever streaming service I got a free trial on. As I hope many of you will know, the French Revolution holds a significant place in political history for it was the accumulation of years of political theory of the Enlightenment coming to its very violent end. This period meant the end of absolute monarchy and the rise of the republic movement across the globe. Much of the problems faced by the French government in this time still remain in many of our political systems whether it be tyranny and corruption or simple inefficiency. I hope to see debate that invokes much of that political discussion of that time and of the present in both its best and its worst. Remember that; Le silence des peuples est la lecon des rois. Sincerely, Jaime Rivas Head Chair French Revolution Davis Model United Nations XVIII [email protected] 3 Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII Letter from the Crisis Director Dear Delegates, Welcome to the French Revolution! My name is Nathan Kashiwamura and as your Crisis Director, I cannot wait to see the crazy plans you all have in the backroom. I am a 4th Year History Major at UC Davis and have been a part of Davis’ Model UN team for two years. The French Revolution represents a watershed moment in history where ideals of liberty and equality ran headlong into the forces of tradition, fear, and constraints of government. The effects of the French Revolution are still felt today around the world as the rise of nationalism, republicanism, and democratic government proved too powerful for any nation or group of nations to contain. Ideals or pragmatism, the left or the right, is the system something that must be changed by brute force or by careful negotiation? I am expecting chaos and ingenuity from the front room and the back room, the world that the delegates create is certainly going to be an interesting one. Your enemies may be many, but your equals will be none. Good luck delegates, fight and remember, Liberté, égalité, fraternité! Vive La France! Sincerely, Nathan Kashiwamura Crisis Director French Revolution Davis Model United Nations XVIII [email protected] 4 Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII National Assembly Information For the delegates of this committee, you will be acting as members of the French National Constituent Assembly or National Assembly representing the common people of France, previously known as the Third Estate. The National Assembly was founded on June 20th, 1789 as a response by the Third Estate to the failures of the Estate General meeting on how to conduct their voting between the three estates of the nobility, clergy, and the common people in order to solve the financial crisis impacting France after aiding in the American Revolutionary War and the nobles’ continuous expenditures. The Third Estate wanted to increase voting powers that showcased their representation of 98% of the French people, but the Estate General doors were locked and guarded to keep out the Third Estate. The Third Estate then held their own meeting at a nearby tennis court with the 576 members taking the Tennis Court Oath thus creating the National Assembly separate to the wants of the king. 5 Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII The National Assembly became a formal opposition against the wishes of the King and would begin to run the country without the help of the King or the other estates of France. Its foundations and subsequent actions like the ratification of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the abolition of the French feudal system became major inspirations for revolutionary activities from the peasants, ranging from rioting to the taking of the Bastille in the coming months. Using the support of the common people of France and growing concessions from the King, it became the goals of the National Assembly to produce a written constitution for the creation of a new government for after the storming of the Bastille it became the effective government of France. The National Assembly structure would change dramatically throughout its time as the government of France, but in the summer of 1789, the Assembly would be made up of 1,177 deputies. These deputies would be made up of members from each of the third estates with 278 deputies belonging to the nobility, 295 deputies to the clergy, and 604 deputies representing the third estate. Its mission from the onset of its creation would be creating a constitution for the French government, responding to unrest among French citizens, looming threats from foreign countries, and the contentions between the three estates. 6 Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII Introduction Beginning in July 17th, 1789, a series of revolts and protests spark the period of time known as the “Great Fear” as the Fall of the Bastille looms over the nation with the National Assembly enabled as the effective government of France, with the King’s support, and the joining of the two other estates to the National Assembly. It will be up to the National Assembly and its deputies to respond to the unrests created by these uprisings throughout France. To evade any further protest and revolts from the masses the Assembly will also be required to engage with the financial crisis that has gone unaddressed by the now-concluded Estates General. Other less immediate issues include pressures from Prussia who has begun moving armies near the French-Prussian border. Beyond matters of state, the National Assembly faces many internal issues. The majority of the Assembly has called for the need to create a legal written constitution to clarify worries from many members that the King is gaining too much power or losing his executive authority. While the majority of the Assembly agrees that a new governmental constitution is required for a new government, many disputes over how this new government and its constitution should represent the French people. Members like the Monarchiens and Feuillants advocate for a constitutional monarchy similar to that established in the United Kingdom. Others like the Jacobins would go on to advocate for a removal of the King from governmental affairs and the abolishment of slavery and feudalism. Some, like the Royalists, view the authority of the king and the church as a non-issue but were mainly overruled by the other members in the assembly. It will thus be up to the actions of the National Assembly to determine how France will respond to these issues and reform itself to suit the needs of her people. 7 Davis Model United Nations Conference XVIII Background The Three Estates The Three Estates were composed of the clergy, nobles, and peasants. The First Estate were members of the clergy. The Second Estate were the nobles of France who were exempt from taxes and mainly focused on matters of military concerns. The Third Estate was made of everybody else who was not part of the nobility or the clergy. Members of the Third Estate were everybody including farmers, lawyers, philosophers, and merchants. Louis XVI Reign Louis XVI’s reign would begin on May 10, 1774, after the death of his grandfather, Louis the XV. His reign was marked in its beginnings with the many difficulties left from the previous reign, as the Seven Years War and the French and Indian wars with the United Kingdom lost France almost all of its colonies in the Americas along with colonies in India and Africa causing financial harm to the French. These financial difficulties would become a crisis under Louis XVI with France’s intervention in the American Revolution, as their helping of the infant United States government left the French coffers empty and its people exposed to many of the liberal ideas of the American Revolution. Although these finances greatly affect the majority of both nobles and commoners, the monarchy and its household would still engage in extravagant spending’s which further spread malcontent with the King and in particular with his wife, Marie Antoinette. Before the Revolution: In 1788, the year leading to the creation of the National Assembly, these issues met their breaking point as the year was struck with a drought in the spring and a massive hailstorm throughout many parts of the country leading to large famines in the first half of 1789.
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