Innovation Outlook: Advanced Liquid Biofuels

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Innovation Outlook: Advanced Liquid Biofuels INNOVATION OUTLOOK ADVANCED LIQUID BIOFUELS Copyright©IRENA UnlessotherwisestatedthispublicationandmaterialfeaturedhereinarethepropertyoftheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA) andaresubjecttocopyrightbyIRENAMaterialinthispublicationmaybefreelyusedsharedcopiedreproducedprintedandorstored providedthatallsuchmaterialisclearlyattributedtoIRENAandbearsanotationthatitissubjecttocopyright(©IRENA)Materialcontained inthispublicationattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttothird-partycopyrightandseparatetermsofuseandrestrictionsincluding restrictionsinrelationtoanycommercialuse ISBN----(print) ISBN----(PDF) AboutIRENA IRENAisanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfuture andservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operationacentreofexcellenceandarepositoryofpolicy technologyresourceandfi nancialknowledgeonrenewableenergyIRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionand sustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergyincludingbioenergygeothermalhydropoweroceansolarand windenergyinthepursuitofsustainabledevelopmentenergyaccessenergysecurityandlowcarboneconomic growthandprosperitywwwirenaorg Acknowledgements Thisreportbenefi tedgreatlyfromreviewsandcommentsbyexpertsandinstitutionsincludingJimLane(Biofuels Digest)JimMcMillan(USNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory–NRELandInternationalEnergyAgency–IEA Bioenergy)JimSpaeth(USDepartmentofEnergy–USDOE)andArthurWellinger(IEABioenergy)IRENAwould alsoliketothankthefollowingexpertsforinputsDavidBauner(Renetech)AmiBen-Amotz(formerlyatSeambiotic andTheNationalInstituteofOceanographyofIsrael)JohnBenemann(MicroBioEngineering)RobertCBrown (IowaStateUniversity)LindenCoppell(EtihadAirways)AndrewCornell(AdvancedPlasmaPower)TomEkbom (SwedishBioenergyAssociation)WolterPrins(GhentUniversity)AlejandroRiosGalván(MasdarInstitute)Frederik Ronsse(GhentUniversity)Je reySkeer(IRENA)andTomWalsh(Renetech)InadditionDolfGielenAnaKojakovic ShunichiNakadaandDegerSaygin(IRENA)providedvaluablecommentsandsuggestions ReportcontributorsGenevieveAlberts(Etech)MariaAyuso(IRENA)AusilioBauen(Etech)FranciscoBoshell (IRENA)ClaireChudziak(Etech)JanPeerGebauer(HamburgUniversityofTechnology–TUHH)LizzieGerman (Etech)MartinKaltschmitt(TUHH)LucyNattrass(Etech)RalphRipken(Etech)PaulRobson(Etech)Richard Taylor(Etech)HannesWagner(TUHH) Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedbackpublications@irenaorg ThisreportisavailablefordownloadwwwirenaorgPublications Disclaimer This publication and the material featured herein is provided “as is” for informational purposes only. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability of the material featured in this publication. Forward-looking projections are inherently uncertain. A complete understanding of the assumptions underlying the conclusions and the methodologies used to create such projections may be sought from the party to whom such projections are attributed. Neither IRENA nor any of its o cials, agents, data or other third-party content providers or licensors provide any warranty, including as to the accuracy, completeness, or fi tness for a particular purpose or use of such material, or regarding the non-infringement of third-party rights, and they accept no responsibility or liability with regard to the use of this publication and the material featured therein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of the Members of IRENA. 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CONTENTS FIGURES ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� III TABLES ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������V SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 ABBREVIATIONS ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 INTRODUCTION �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 1 OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED BIOFUELS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 1�1 Defining advanced biofuels ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 1�2 Advanced biofuels drivers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 1�3 Advanced biofuels technology status �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 1�4 Feedstock potential and cost �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 1�5 Advanced biofuels pathways and deployment status �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 2 TECHNICAL BARRIERS, NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 2�1 Pre-treatment and hydrolysis �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 2�2 Hydrothermal upgrading��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 2�3 Fast pyrolysis and upgrading ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 2�4 Gasification and syngas cleaning ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������39 2�5 Fermentation to butanol and product upgrading �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 2�6 Fermentation to ethanol and product upgrading ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������43 2�7 Aqueous phase reforming �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44 2�8 Mixed alcohol synthesis ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 2�9 Methanol synthesis �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 2�10 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������48 2�11 Syngas fermentation ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50 2�12 Methanol to gasoline conversion �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������51 2�13 Micro-algae cultivation, harvesting and oil extraction �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������52 3 NON-TECHNICAL BARRIERS, NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES ����������������������������������������������������������������������������55 3�1 High production costs compared to fossil fuels and conventional biofuels ������������������������������������������55 3�2 Finance availability and supply chain risk ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������55 3�3 Development of bio-based chemicals and biorefineries �������������������������������������������������������������������������������56 3�4 Uncertainty about environmental performance requirements ������������������������������������������������������������������56 3�5 Perceptions and uncertainty about social impacts ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 57 3�6 Development of infrastructure and logistics ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������58 ADVANCED LIQUID BIOFUELS i 4 POTENTIAL EVOLUTION OF ADVANCED BIOFUELS PATHWAYS OVER THE NEXT THREE DECADES ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60 4�1 Technical performance of pathways over the next three decades ������������������������������������������������������������61
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    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UNL | Libraries University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Chemical and Biomolecular Research Papers -- Yasar Demirel Publications Faculty Authors Series 2009 Simulation of Corn Stover and Distillers Grains Gasification with Aspen Plus Ajay Kumar Oklahoma State University, [email protected] Hossein Noureddini University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Yasar Demirel University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] David Jones University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Milford Hanna University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cbmedemirel Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons, Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons, and the Thermodynamics Commons Kumar, Ajay; Noureddini, Hossein; Demirel, Yasar; Jones, David; and Hanna, Milford, "Simulation of Corn Stover and Distillers Grains Gasification with Aspen Plus" (2009). Yasar Demirel Publications. 11. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cbmedemirel/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemical and Biomolecular Research Papers -- Faculty Authors Series at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yasar Demirel Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SIMULATION OF CORN STOVER AND DISTILLERS GRAINS GASIFICATION WITH ASPEN PLUS A. Kumar, H. Noureddini, Y. Demirel, D. D. Jones, M. A. Hanna ABSTRACT. A model was developed to simulate the performance of a lab‐scale gasifier and predict the flowrate and composition of product from given biomass composition and gasifier operating conditions using Aspen Plus software.
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  • Process Technologies and Projects for Biolpg
    energies Review Process Technologies and Projects for BioLPG Eric Johnson Atlantic Consulting, 8136 Gattikon, Switzerland; [email protected]; Tel.: +41-44-772-1079 Received: 8 December 2018; Accepted: 9 January 2019; Published: 15 January 2019 Abstract: Liquified petroleum gas (LPG)—currently consumed at some 300 million tonnes per year—consists of propane, butane, or a mixture of the two. Most of the world’s LPG is fossil, but recently, BioLPG has been commercialized as well. This paper reviews all possible synthesis routes to BioLPG: conventional chemical processes, biological processes, advanced chemical processes, and other. Processes are described, and projects are documented as of early 2018. The paper was compiled through an extensive literature review and a series of interviews with participants and stakeholders. Only one process is already commercial: hydrotreatment of bio-oils. Another, fermentation of sugars, has reached demonstration scale. The process with the largest potential for volume is gaseous conversion and synthesis of two feedstocks, cellulosics or organic wastes. In most cases, BioLPG is produced as a byproduct, i.e., a minor output of a multi-product process. BioLPG’s proportion of output varies according to detailed process design: for example, the advanced chemical processes can produce BioLPG at anywhere from 0–10% of output. All these processes and projects will be of interest to researchers, developers and LPG producers/marketers. Keywords: Liquified petroleum gas (LPG); BioLPG; biofuels; process technologies; alternative fuels 1. Introduction Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) is a major fuel for heating and transport, with a current global market of around 300 million tonnes per year.
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