World Bank Document

Republic of China, Environmental Assessment Law of China, PR, State Department's [1998]253 Regulations of Administration of Construction Project, and Notice of Strengthening by Administration of Environmental Assessment for Construction Project Financed Division International Financial Organizations' Loan, Liuzhou Environmental Sanitation work of commissioned Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection to conduct the - Municipal Environmental Assessment for Liuzhou Environment Management Project The Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component site assessment agency, upon receiving the commission, immediately began the in-depth for investigation and monitoring work, and established the Report of Environmental Assessment Solid Liuzhou Environment Management Project -Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and

-4- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Waste Transfer Stations Component Component.

1.2 Establishment Purpose

Environmental Assessment is to provide the technical manual for environment protection and

prevention of pollution during the construction process and service period. The report is a key component of feasibility investigation for projects, the important technical guideline for project decision and service administration. The following main objectives should be reached in this report.

(1) Through materials analyses, site investigation, monitoring, necessary simulating experiment, comparison analyses, to predict the level and range of environmental influences from planned project, a thorough assessment of the environmental background of targeted zone being accomplished and main environmental problems spotted.

(2) Through site investigation and comparison analyses, determining environmental influencing factors and determining main pollution parameters.

(3) Through technical methods e.g. model simulating and comparison analyses, analyzing the level and range of influences to atmosphere environment, waster environment and sound environment from conducting the project.

(4) According to relevant laws, regulations and requirements from technical specifications, combined with characteristics of the local natural and social environment, putting forward and prescribing the protection measures to reduce environment influences. (5) Arguing the feasibility of project construction scheme.

(6) Through Assessment work of this project, providing scientific base to construction, operation, environment administration and pollution prevention, decreasing the project's negative influences to environment as much as possible, and exerting maximum benefits of social environment, then achieving the harmony of economic benefits and social benefits.

1.3 Basis of compilation

Bases for this report are specified in Table 1-3-1

Table 1-3-1 Basis of compilation for the proposed projects

Serial Establishment bases

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -5- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component number Domestic environment protection regulations 1 Environment Protection Law of the People Republic of China 1989.12.26 2 Environmental Assessment Law of the People Republic of China 2002. 10 .28 3 Promotion of Clean Production Law of the People Republic of China, P,R, 2003.1.1 4 Prevention for Atmosphere Pollution Law of the People Republic of China, 2000.4.29 5 Prevention for Water Pollution Law of the People Republic of China 1996.5.15 6 Prevention for Noise Pollution Law of the People Republic of China 1997.3.1 7 Prevention for Solid Waste Pollution Law of the People Republic of China, 1995.10.30 8 Water Law of the People Republic of China 1988.1.21 9 Basic Farmland Protection Regulations, State Department's No257 Order, 1998.12.27 Department's 10 Construction Project Environment Protection Administration Regulations State No253 Order[1998 from SEPA, I11 Notice on Construction Project's Environment Protection Administration Problems 1988.3.21 of Construction 12 Notice on Strengthening Management of Environmental Impact Assessment Work Projects Financed by International Financial Organization HuanJian [1993] No. 324 Order; Nol4 Order 13 Administrative Catalog of Construction Project's Environment Protection, SEPA's 2000.6 14 Detailed Rules for Law of Water Pollution Prevention of the People Republic of China 15 Designing Criteria of Construction Project's Environment Protection, 1987.3 water pollution 16 Notice of State Department about reinforcing city water supply, water saving, and prevention and cure, [2000] NO.36 Order 17 Municipal Solid Waste Mangement Measures 1993.8.10 18 Municipal Environmental Hygienic Vehicle Management Regulations 1991.1.7 Related Documents of World Bank I World Bank OP/BP4.01and its Accessories(environmental assessment) 1999.1 2 World Bank OP/ Environmental Assessment 1999, 1. 3 World Bank GP4.01 (Environmental Assessment) 1999, 1. 4 World Bank Environmental Impact Material Collection (1-3) (Under revision) 5 World Bank OP/BP4.12 (non-voluntary Immigration) 1990, 6 World Bank) 6 World Bank GP14.70 (non-governmental organization participation in the funding of Technical Guiding Criteria 1 HJ/T2.1-93Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guiding in General 2 HJ/T2.2-93Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guiding-Atmosphere Environment 3 HJ/T2.3-93 Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guiding- Surface water Environment 4 HJ/T2.4-1995 Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guiding-Acoustic Environment Zoological 5 HJ/T19-1997 Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guiding- Non-pollutant Impact Project-related Documents Waste Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid 1 Transfer Stations Component Subproject Suggestion File Municipal Construction research institution, Liuzhou Environmental Sanitation Division

-6- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Proxy from Liuzhou Environmental Sanitation Division about assessment of environmental impact 2 of Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Liuzhou Municipal Comprehensive City planning Compendium 2001-2020 China City planning and Design Academe, Liuzhou Municipal City planning Bureau 2003, Apr. 4 Liuzhou Environmental Hygiene Planning (2000-2015) Liuzhou Municipal City planning and Design Institute 2000, 6 Admission Reply from LMG Office on the Division of Liuzhou Municipal Water Environment Function Area LMG Office [1998] No. 42 Checkup Report of The Environmental Impact of Liuzhou Municipal Li Chong Gou Municipal 6 Solid Waste Landfill Design Change Liuzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Academe

1.4 Assessment principles

1.4.1 Assessment grade

According to the prescription of relevant documents from World Bank, through environmental

riddling of the type, location, sensitivity, range and characteristics of potential environmental

influences, the environmental assessment of this project is B level.

The rating process is Based on Technical Guideline of Environmental Assessment (HJ/T2. 1 2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995)

(1) According to primary analyses, this project's main influence to atmosphere environment is the pollution caused by discharge of effluvium pollutants, and the pollution sources are mainly as non-organized discharge sources with small amount, therefore, the assessment to atmosphere environment is level III.

(2) Considering the relatively less number, low intensity and low level of influences of noise sources of public toilets, solid waste collecting stations and transfer stations planned to build, as well as the influence range within the close reach of noise sources, the assessment of sound environment is level III. (3) The main pollutants existing in wastewater produced in this project are SS, BOD5 , CODcr, and ammonia nitrogen. Wastewater via sewage pipeline network into municipal wastewater treatment plant will be treated there, and then discharged after fulfilling the discharge standard. So assessment to water environment is level III. Only feasibility analyses of qualified discharge of wastewater are needed.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -7- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

1.4.2 Assessment range

(1) To atmosphere environment, the range is the whole city of Liuzhou (Liuzhong

District, Liubei District, Yufeng District and Liunan District). city (2) To surface water environment, the range is the section of Liujiang River, located in the zone of Liuzhou Yufeng (3) To noise, the range is the whole city of Liuzhou (Liuzhong District, Liubei District, District and Liunan District).

1.4.3 Assessment focuses

similar (1) Through project analysis, pollution factor analysis, comparing this with pollution situation of other domestic projects, making sure the pollution sources and discharge situation of this project, conducting feasibility and reliability analysis of environment protection measures adopted in this project, (2) Assessing the influences of effluvium pollution emitting from planned public toilets, solid and waste gathering stations and transfer stations to sensitive spots around the project site ascertaining the sanitation defending distance.

1.4.4 Assessment period

For It is divided into two, with one is construction period and the other operating period. is construction period, only brief analysis is needed and for operating period the analysis stressed.

1.5 Assessment standard

1.5.1 Environmental quality standard

(1) Environmental atmosphere This assessment Implements the level II standard of Environmental Atmosphere Quality in inhabitancy zone Standard (GB3095-1996) , as for NH3 and H2S, the highest concentration of mentioned in Designing Standardfor Industries (TJ36-79) is implemented. Standard values pollutants are in Table 1-5-1

3 Table 1-5-1 Environmental atmosphere quality standard (mg/Nm )

-8- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component a m pli ng time allowable concentration Average within Daytime Annual Pollutants every time one hour average average TSP 0.30 0.20 SO2 0.50 0.15 0.06 NO2 _ 0.24 0.12 0.08 NH3 0.20 =

H2 S 0.01 (2) Water environment

According to Liuzhou Administrative Regulations of Pollution Prevention for Drinking Water

Sources (issued in Dec. 1990 by LMG ), for downtown water area of Liujiang River, level I

protection range is from cross section of Lutang Farm Ferry to the lower reaches of 200m of

Hedong Bridge (No. 2). Protection zone of level I implements standard II of Surface Water

Environment Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) . Water areas outside level I protection zone

implement standard III of GB3838-2002, standard values are in Table 1-5-2

Table 1-5-2 Standard Values for Basic Items of Wastewater Treatment Component (mg/L, except pH) Sequence Category Category II Category III Number Item I 1 pH 6_9 2 DO 6 5 3 Permanganate Value 4 6 4 BODs5 3 4 5 NH3-N <1 0.5 1.0 Total Phosphorus (measured in the amount 0.1 0.2

7 Cu 1< 1.0 1.0 8 Zn <1 1.0 1.0 9 As 0.05 0.05 10 Hg 0.00005 0.0001 11 Ca S 0.005 0.005 12 Chromate S 0.05 0.05 13 Pb < 0.01 0.05 14 Cyanide S 0.05 0.2 15 Volatile hydroxybenzene S 0.002 0.005 16 Petroleum Items S 0.05 0.05 17 Nitrate (measured in amount of N) S 10 (3) Acoustic Environment

Table 1-5-3: Assess the implementation of Category 1,2,3 and 4 Section Standard according to

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -9- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Standard of Sound Environment in the City Zone (GB3096-93)

Table 1-5-3 Standard Value of Acoustic Environment (dB(A))

Catogory Daytime Night Applicable Area Applicable to the areas mainly for residence, culture and 1 55 45 education. The country habitation environment can follow this standard. and 2 60 50 Applicable to areas mingled with residence, commerce industries. 3 65 55 Applicable to industrial areas. Applicable to the both sides of the main lines of communication in and the inland river across n the (the 4 70 55 downtown area. The limited values of background noise noise level when no vehicles passing) on both sides of the railways, including main and secondary lines across downtown area should also follow this standard

1.5.2 Standard of discharge of Pollutants

(1) Effluent Gas Table 1-5-4: The discharge of effluvium pollutants will follow the Level II of Standard of Dischargeof Effluvium Pollutants (GB 14554-93) ; the discharge of dust will follow the Level II of Standard of Comprehensive Discharge of Atmosphere Pollutants (GB 16297-1996)

Table: 1-5-4 Standard of Discharge of Effluvium Pollutants borders Serial Pollutants Standard Values for Pollutants around the Factory Number Poltns(mg/Nm3) 1.5 1 NH3 0.06 2 H2S 3 Concentration of 20 (without unit) Effluvium 4 Dust 1.0

(2) Wastewater of Tablel-5-5: the discharge of wastewater will follow Standard of Water Qualityfor Discharge

Wastewater into the Sewer of City Zone (CJ3082- 1999)

Table 1-5-5 Standard of Water Quality for Discharge of Wastewater into the Sewer of City Zone except pH) Serial Number Items The maximum allowable concentration (mg/L, I pH 6.0-9.0 2 SS 150 (400) 3 BOD5 100 (300) 4 CODcr 150 (500) (35.0) 5 NH 3-N 25.0

-10- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component P.S.: The values in the brackets is applicable to the sewer system of city zones which have city wastewater treatment plants. Since the wastewater treatment plant Long Quan Shan in Liuzhou (primary) is the only plant utilized, it mainly serves Liunan District and Yufeng District. The wastewater discharged into the districts follows the Standard which is applicable to those city zones which have wastewater treatment plants while wastewater into sewer of districts follows Standard of city zones without wastewater treatment plants.

With the implementation of Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment

Component, until 2008 there will increase three more and extend one wastewater treatment plant in Liuzhou and then after the discharge of wastewater of this project into the sewer, it will be

finally disposed in the treatment plants. The sewage discharge into sewer will follow the limit of CJ3082-1999, the city zone sewer with city wastewater treatment plants. (3) Noise

Tablel-5-6: The factory-border standards of level I, II, III and IV prescribed in Industries and Enterprises BorderNoise Standard (GB12348-90) will be followed

Construction Noise will follow Standard of Construction Site Noise Limit (GB 12523-90)details in Table 1-5-7:

Table 1-5-6 Factory-border Noise Standard (Leq(dB(A))) Category Daytime Nighttime Applicable Areas Applicable to the areas mainly for residence, culture and I 55 45 education. The country habitation environment can follow this standard. II 60 50 Applicable to areas mingled with and industries.residence, commerce III 65 55 Applicable to industrial areas. IV 70 55 Applicable to both sides of the mains

Table 1-5-7 Construction Site-border Noise Standard (dB(A)) Limit value of Noise Period of constructing Main sources of noise Daytime Nighttime Earthwork Stage Bulldozer, excavator and loader 75 55 Construction Pile driving Stage All kinds of pile hammer 85 Forbidden Framing Stage Concrete beater, oscillator, electric saw 70 55 Decoration Stage Crane, elevator 65 55 (4) Solid Waste

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -11- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Solid waste will follow the regulations in Solid Waste Pollution of Environment Protection of

PRC.

1.6 The Target of Environmental Protection

Tablel-6-1, Figure 2-2-3 and 2-2-5: According to the comprehensive ichnography of the public toilets, refuse transfer stations and refuse collection stations in the living neighborhood, the assessment of target of environmental protection is fixed: The residential buildings, kindergartens, schools and shopfronts around the public toilets within lOm, the refuse collection stations within 20m will be the targets of environmental protection; the main environmental protection targets around the Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station and Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station are as following:

Table 1.6.1 Catalog of proposed protection targets against refuse transfer stations

Name Relatively closest Name distance to the factory trf Protection targets border Protection content Note anser ~ ~ . Distance stations Direction (ima) Zhanggongling ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Reservationof fruit Zhanggongling East 0 Atmosphere Environment with Capacity of Refrigeratory 4000t Residential East Atmosphere environment About 200 Buildings South, 0 and Acoustic families, 900 Southeast environment persons Zhangg Ji Long Southwes Atmosphere environment ongling Kindergarten t 0 and Acoustic environment 5 classes about transfer Ji Long 24 classes, stations Elementary Southwes 1000 students, School in the t 0 Atmosphere Environment more than 100 Development teachers Area Xin An Atmosphere environment 7 classes, about Elementary West 70 and Acoustic environment 200 students, 9 School teachers 8 families, 24 Partial residents Atmosphere environment persons who will Guiliulu in Jinglan Village South 20 and Acoustic environment renovation of Guiliu Road transfer stations Jing Lan Transformer .Nral Substation Office East 12 Atmosphere Environment Normally 2 Building P.S.: Om represents the just on the border.

-12- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

2. Project analysis

2.1 General situation of the Project

2.1.1 Project name and geographical position

(1) Project name

Liuzhou Environment Management Project- -Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid

Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (Hereafter referred to as "this project"). (2) Project unit

Liuzhou Environment Health Management.

(3) Construction property

Newly-built.

(4) Construction content and construction site

The main construction content of the project includes such two parts as public toilet construction

and Refuse Transfer Station construction (including Refuse collection station). The general

situation of the project composition can be seen in table 2-1-1.

Table 2-1-1 Table of project composition

Construction content Quantity Remarks New-building 62 In the proposals for the project, 76 sites are suggested, and after toilets they are demonstrated, 14 of them are cancelled. Public Mobile public 30 sets toilets toilets 30_sets constutioi Vehicle public sets construction toilets 2_sets

Ordure-suction 6 Update the current old vehicles and add the load of the vehicles 5t car vehicles or so. Transfer Refuse Station collection 42 sets They are built in the residential community. Construction station Refuse Build Zhanggongling Transfer station whose daily refuse transfer Transfer 2 sets amount is 500t; Build Guiliulu transfer station whose daily refuse Station transfer amount is 450t. Refuse 28 Among them, there are 8 urban Refuse transport vehicles of 5tor collection car vehicles so; 20 Refuse collection quarter. cars of 5m3 volume in residential Spraying car vehicles Spraying car of 8t or so.

Road sweeper vehicles Road sweeper of 45000m2/h.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -13- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 11 Among them, there are 4 Environment health facility Other vehicles hI maintenance vehicles, 5 jetting vehicles and 2 Environmental vehicles monitoring vehicles. Project construction site: Urban area of Liuzhou.

(5) Working system of every day. Public toilets is made open in whole day, maintained and kept clean in 16 hours who works for The main working post in the transfer station implements the one class systems, regularly, 8 hours every day, and for 365 days every year. Refuse collection station is opened and open hour is determined according to the actual production amount of the refuse.

2.1.2 Main technical and economic target

The main technical and economic target of the project can be seen in table 2-1-2.

Table 2-1-2 Table of Main technical and economic target Target name Unit Target Remarks Public toilets Ten thousand 7338.03 construction Yuan Among them, the part of gross investment of the Ten Gross . transfer station is 7820 investment of Transfer station Ten thousand 9163.73 thousand Yuan and the part the the project construction Yuan of gross investment of collection station is 1342.76 Ten thousand Yuan. Total Ten thousand 16501.76 Yuan__ _ _ _ Among them, there are 62 Public toilets Set 94 permanent public toilets, 2 mobile public toilets. Refuse Construction collection Set 42 scale station Refuse Transfer Set 2 Station______Environment Vehicle 62 health vehicles Public toilets m2 8647 Refuse Project collection m2 3319 construction station building Refuse Transfer m2 59307 Station Total m2 71273 Labor Public toilets Person 62 Refuse collection Person 28 station

-14- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Refuse Transfer Person 39 Station Total Person 129

2.2 Project construction program

2.2.1 Public toilets construction

( 1 ) Proposed public toilets (DNumber and layout of Public toilets In the project "proposals", the sites of 76 public toilets are presented, and 30 mobile public toilets, 2 vehicle public toilets are equipped. The position of each proposed public toilets see table 2-2-1 and figure 2-2-1 in detail.

After the designing unit requests the suggestions from the local planning department and other relevant units, it makes analysis the sites of 76 public toilets presented in the "proposals" one by one, considering such factors as there are public toilets around the selected site or it is difficult to levy land and select site, at last 14 sites of the 76 sites are determined not to be suitable for construction, so 62 public toilets are actually needed to be constructed. See table 2-2-1.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -15- i I I

iI Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Table 2-2-1 Table of the situation Proposed public toilets

Planning Construction Predetermnined Number Serial Site selection area area of tisontoilet Building Affiliated Remark number m2 2)(Person (e) batch area (m2) (m2) ~/day) (st Eastern section of NanHuan Road will Southern side of Liuyong Road, Eastern section Yu-Feng be reconstructed, I southern side south side of NanHuan Road (JiLa 150 80 245 17 1 District the old toilets will Road No. 16) be cleared, so the situation shall be I______considered. 2 North area of Liuyong Road - - - - Cancel LDiustrNicatn

In the west of the Liuyong Road triangular ground 120 60 148 _ 2 Liu-Nan Reconstructed 3and north of the road construction company 120 60 148 11 2 District combining with the District roads. 4 North-east corner of the agricultural scientific 150 80 231 17 1 Yu-Feng bureau in JiLa Road District 5 North-west corner of the Yale biscuit plant in 120 70 166 14 1 Yu-Feng LiuShi Road (LiuShi Road 141-20, 2 11) District Western side of LiuShi Road, eastern side of the Yu-Feng Reconstructed 6 YangJiao Hill and around the road management 120 70 173 14 1 District combining with office. LiuShi Road Liu-Nan Reconstructed 7 Inside Market of farm produce in Liuyong Road 80 60 146 11 3 DLstrict combining with District markets Liu-Nan Reconstructed 8 Liuyong Road No. 11, 13 70 60 150 11 2 District combining with Liuyong Road Liu-Nan 9 YanChun Road No. 151, 153, 155 110 60 135 11 3 District

10 Jianwu Company in the northern area Baiyun - - - - Cancel Yu-Feng Road District 11 Northern side of Beirongxin Road in Baiyun 120 70 182 14 4 Yu-Feng Developed

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -16- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component integrally district (reserving land) District combining with the part

- - - - Cancel Yu-Feng 12 North section of SheWan Road ~~~~~~~_ _ _ _ ~~ _~~ _ ~~ _ ~~_~~~District ______~~~~~~~~~ 13 Eastemr side of the brake pull plant in the southem 150 80 242 16 Yu-Feng sid of Baiyun Road 10824161District ______Yu-Feng 14 In the north of S.2nd Ring Road (In front of 290 100 332 22 District RongJun Road district 1 No. 195) 15 West of the municipal food company in the Yu-Feng ance District _ outhern side of LeQun Road Reconstructed 16 Eastem side of RongJun Road, around RongJun 100 60 148 2 Yu-Feng Food market (RongJun No.291) District rcoa . North-west corner at intersection of HePing Road - - Cancel Liu-Nan and LiuTai Road District 18 Inside LiuGong dormitory area 100 70 156 11 1 Liu-Nan Liu-Nan 19 Inside the living quarter of vehicle plant in 120 70 183 14 3 District Southern side of LongDunXin Revenue of Environmental health team of 230 100 327 22 2 Liu-Nan 20 Western side District HePing Road (HePing Road No.119) Southern side of post and telecommunications Liu-Nan District 21 vehicles maintenance plant of NanZhan 120 60 121 11 3 Road(NanZhan Road No.118) Liu-Nan 3 District _ 22 FeiE Road HuaFeng Bay No.27,28 120 80 280 17 Culture palace in the west of intersection of Liu-Nan District 23 E-Shan Road and KouTie Road (E-Shan Road 160 80 210 16 3 No.2,3 4) Liu-Nan 24 North-east corner of the HePing Road plastic 120 60 135 11 3 I_District product plant 1 District 25 E-Shan Road EShan Food market 120 80 237 17

Liu-Nan 26 Fei-E Road CaiYuan Tun 140 80 224 17 2

-17- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 27 YaRu Road No.43, 45, 47 270 100 332 ______22 3 Cheng-Zhong ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~District Developed 28 XieYang Road XiCheng Lane No.69, 79, 81 120 60 139 11 4 Cheng-Zhong integrally District combining with the part 29 ZhongShan Road (W) No.86, 88,ongan 90 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'150 80 263 17~~~~~~District 3 Cheng-Zhong 30 DaTong Lane No. 18 30 DaTongLane No.18 - - - - Cancel Yu-Feng ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~District______31 Southwest of gate of power supply administration - Cancel Yu-Feng in the east of TianShan Road Cancel District When this district is Yu-Feng developed and 32 PingShan Revenue No. 172 (Reserve key-land) 190 80 285 17 3 Distnct constructed, make District construction in unison. 33 North of LiuDong Road YaoFu Elementary 100 60 121 11 3 Yu-Feng school District Reconstruct the 34 old Western side of DongHuan food market 120 80 242 16 1 Yu-Feng resent ______~p re se n t 35 DongHuan Road West lane 1 North one district YuFengtCancel Developed 36 Bulb plant in the east of DongHuan (Reserve key-land) Road 170 80 288 16 4 Yu-Feng integrally District combining with the part 37 XiJiang RoadJingLan Bridge 170 80 224 16 Distnct

38 DongTai Road East Lane 3 (No.10, 12) _ _ Cancel Dgstrict 39 West of the HuiMing Tomb in the eastern side of 130 70 195 14 2 Yu-Feng LiuDong Road District 40 South of TianShan Road District No.2-1 120 60 103 11 1 Yu-Feng District 41 North of East-ring East-side DongHuan Road East 100 60 148 11 4 Yu-Feng Developed Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -18- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component integrally Lane 1 (Reserve key-land) District combining with the part Developed 130 11 4 Yu-Feng integrally 42 XiJiang Road North Lane 2 120 60 District combining with the

______p a rt

Opposite side of Police and hydro electric school 120 60 113 11 2 Yu-Feng Reconstructed in the south of XiJiang Road ro.Districtcoa Liu-Nan 44 North-east corner of HeXi Road meat packing 100 80 263 17 1 plant Food Market District Liu-Nan 45 In the front of Environmental health management _ _ _ _ Cancel District refuse field in the eastern side of XiHuan Road 3 District 46 Dormitory of XiHuan Road LiuZhou rolling mill 170 80 237 16 ShengZe Real Liu-Nan Estate developing South of XiHuan Road municipal industrial art company Lucky 47 pat87 60 142 11 1 itrc plant District ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~gardenbuilt public toilets 121 11 DLiu-Nan OfWest of construction machinery plant in the west 120 60 ______48 48 of LiuTai Road 10612111District Liu-Nan 49 XiLong steel mill in the north of LiuTai Road Cancel _ District (Reserve key-land) . plant in the 100 60 115 11 Liu-Nan 50 South of the Iron-wood production District eastern side of XiHuan Road 270 100 363 22 3 Liu-Nan 51 East of river-west bank, East of river-west 6 2District ______chicken farm 27 0 Developed 11 4 Cheng-Zhong integrally 52 Opposite side of Party school in the east side 120 60 144 District combining with the DongHuan Road ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~part ______Liu-Nan Reconstructed 14 2 ic combining with the 53 River-west nursery in the east of LiuTai Road 150 70 195 District roads. Liu-Nan 54 Northern side of the river-west furniture plant in 170 70 195 14 3 -19- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component the north section of XiHuan Road District

55 Northern side of River-west high school 150 60 142 11 2 District

56 South of dormitory in BeiQue Road timber mill 90 Liu-Bei 60 132 11 2 District _ 57 North of living quarter of process plant in the 150 60 131 ll 3 Liu-Bei eastern side of BeiQue Road District 58 YaRu Liu-Bei Road No.474,476 260 120 525 28 2 District Developed 59 LiuZhou Zinc product plant in the east of BaiSha 12 018114Liu-Bei Road (Reserve key-land) integrally DIstrt inngrally ______~~ ~~~~part 60 West of LiuZhou flat glass plant in JiRong - - - Village __ _ _ _ Cancel Liu-Bei ______District Developed 61 North of Administration committee District in GaoXin 100 60 141 11 4 Cheng-Zhong integrally District combining with the

Developed 62 East of DongHuan Road, West of MaLu mountain 120 60 138 11 4 Cheng-Zhong integrally District combining with the ______~~~~~part The intersection of ShenLi Road and BeiQue Liu-Bei 63 Road, north-south corner of LiuBei theater 120 60 123 11 1 District (BeiQue Road No.69) Developed 64 South of ShenLi Road ShenLi Quarter 100 60 131 11 4 Liu-Bei integrally District combining with the part 65 Living quarter in ChangFeng Road Cotton mill 60 60 129 11 District 66 Inside ChangLin Park 150 80 237 17 1 LDiustrBict 67 Opposite side of Shenli Road HuangChun 160 100 302 22 1 Liu-Bei Sino-Jaa FCountry ShenLi supermarket 67~~~_ Distriio -20- l Ditit . ______Sino-Japan Friendsbip Center for Environmental Protection -20- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component in the west of 170 80 231 17 1 Liu-Bei 68 Opposite side of HongBei Road _____ District ____BeiQue Road 69 HuangChuan Country BaiSha Village No.201 180 80 237 16 3 DLstrict Developed 11 4 Liu-Bei integrally 70 Inside HeDong Road HeDong Food Market 100 60 134 District combining with the part Liu-Bei 71 Que-Er-Shan Road 120 80 237 17 1 Suggested to implement with the LiuBei YueJin Road District reconstruction work section of YueJin Road 120 60 138 11 2 72 North District of the City-Investment company together Liu-Bei 73 YaRu Road No.368, 370, 370-1 (Reserve 150 70 195 14 District key-land) - cancle District 74 YueJin Road District 5 No.66-2, 67, 67-1 - - -

- - - - cancle Cheng-Zhong Road East Lane 2 ______75 BeiZhan ______~ ~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~District ______Cheng-Zhong Reconstructed combining with the Road local epidemic station 250 120 423 28 4 District 76 BeiZhan District roads.

Total Newly build 62 public toilets altogether 8647 4490 12403 896 -

Notes: Time corresponding to the construction batch: 1-2006; 2-2007; 3 -2008; 4-2009.

-21- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (©Constructioncriterion and form

According to the regulation in "Urban public toilet planning and designing criterion" (CJJ14-

87), the construction criterions of the water-impulse public toilets are divided into three kinds.

The newly-built public toilets of this project are built according to the first standard of water-impulse public toilets, the construction criterion sees table 2-2-2 in detail. The number of lavatory equipped in each public toilet can been seen in table 2-2-1.

Table 2-2-2 Construction criterion classification of public lavatory | Item First class Remarks Adaptiverange The visiting site- flourishing streets are open to the Adaptive range ~~~~public Water supply Yes Drain Yes Adopt Cold-proof Yes Refer to northern heating facilities area Illumine Yes The trapdoor can be Indoor height (in) 3.5----4.0 decreased to3.2. W.C Pan Sitting, squatting independent pan Should equip the toilet of certain proportion The stool washing Manual ceramic water tank or advanced water facilities economizer Space between stool squatting location 0.90-1.20 (m) Urinal Vertical urinal Lavabo Yes Mop pool Yes Toilet paper shelf Yes Sell the toilet paper to use Floor and squatting Paving mosaic and etc. board Indoor dado Height of facing brick is 1.5-1.8m Surface drainage Yes Thing hooker Yes Mirrored cabinet Yes Interval of stool The height of the partition squatting location The partition panel of 1.8m with door installed panel is calculated from the mesa Interior fitment Yes External fitment Coordinate with the environment Management office Yes Tool room Yes Feces-emptying Set up according to the conditions room If condition is permitted to Septic tank Yes discharge directly, the septic tank cannot be built.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -22- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component the The construction of newly-built public toilets adopts the free-standing building, gives up way that the public toilets and Refuse Transfer Station are built jointly in Liuzhou.

(®)Constructiontime The 62 proposed public toilets are built in four batches, one batch is built every year, and they of will be finished during 2006-2009. Among them there are 18 sets in the 1st batch

construction, there are 13 sets in the second batch, there are 19 set sin the third batch, and there arel2 sets in the 4th batch. The construction time arrangement for Public toilets sees table 2-2-1.

®Construction condition The site selection of each proposed public toilets of the project has already received the tentative agreement from the planning department of Liuzhou. Because the site selection of public toilets

is in the urban area, whose water supply, power supply are guaranteed to meet the demand. The

sites of proposed 62 public toilets of the project are all built to relatively near the existing the sewage conduct, and the farthest one does not exceed 300 meters, so they can guarantee sewage to enter the underground sewage conduct of the city.

(2) Relevant equipment

@Mobile public toilets is In some areas of LiuZhou, the quantity demanded of public toilets is large, and meantime,it be difficult to find a proper construction land, so the mobile public toilets can be considered to to equipped to meet the demand of people. In the project, 30 mobile public toilets are proposed build, and each mobile public toilet will set 4 lavatory locations.

(2)Vehicle public toilets While holding the large-scale activity on some squares, the population will assemble togetherin a short time, and the demand for public toilets is enormous at this moment; The vehicle public toilets can be considered to serve people. This project plans to dispose 2 vehicle public toilets,

and each vehicle sets 4 lavatory locations. )Feces-suction vehicle Since the feces in Liuzhou public toilets are still dealt with mainly by the septic tank at present, and the existing feces-suction vehicles have already been close to scrap, which need upgrading, of so, this project plans to increase by 6 feces-suction vehicles (about 5t) to meet the need feces-suction of septic tank in the near future.

-23- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (3) Operation and management style of Public toilets Public toilets of this project plan to toll according to the standard of 0.2Yuan/Person; other operation costs are supplied by government's financial subsidy.

2.2.2 Transfer Station Construction

( 1 ) Refuse collection station

(DAmount and layout of collection stations

This project is going to build 42 sets of refuse collection stations, which distribute in 42 districts (and three of them have already finished the Phase I construction). The conditions of the proposed refuse collection stations see table 2-2-3 and figure 2-2-2. (Construction standard and style

The proposed collection stations are going to use the style of refuse container rooms. The living

refuses in the districts are to be collected door by door. After the workers collect the refuses in the refuse receptacles, they should be sealed by refuse bags, and then put them into the collection station for store. Every day the refuse collection vehicles load the refuses and carry them away. The newly-built refuse collection stations are going to be built independently. (®)Distributionof refuse receptacles

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -24- - Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Table 2-2-3 Proposed refuse collection stations

District Area Service Numberit Refuse Construction area of Amount of Name Area population quantity refuse container containers Construction dimension(m) Number (rm2) (person) (t/d) room (m2) (unit) 1 Hedong Rd., Shuxiang Garden 54 1072 1.07 9 6 3 X 3 Without control room 2 Beique Rd., Guijing Bay 45 6827 6.83 45 18 6 X 7.5 Collect twice one day 3 Beique Rd., Hengxing City Garden 87 2121 2.12 37.8 11 4.5 X 8.4 4 Jinxiu Rd., Jingxin Garden District 2 80 2058 2.06 37.8 11 4.5 X 8.4 5 Beique Rd., Bei Xingming Garden 60 2100 2.1 37.8 11 4.5 X 8.4 6 Yuejin Rd., Guihe Garden district 54 1582 1.58 27 8 4.5 X 6 7 BeiqueRd., Kang City 160 3675 3.68 61.2 19 6X 10.2 8 Hongbei Rd., Yifu Garden 120 4039 4.04 66.6 21 6X 11.1 9 Beique Rd., Planning Xingye Garden 56 546 0.55 6 3 2 X 3 Without control room 10 Beique Rd., Peach Garden residential district 100 3374 3.37 54 17 6 X 9 11 Jinxiu Rd., Feilongfu Garden 27.5 651 0.65 8 4 2 X 4 Without control room 12 Yuejin Rd., Hongfubi Garden 40 588 0.59 6 3 2 X 3 Without control room 13 Rongjun Rd., Famous Hongtai City 90 3724 3.72 61.2 19 6X 10.2 14 Liaoyuan Rd. Xiehe Garden Yi Lidu 80 721 0.72 8 4 2 X 4 Without control room 15 Liushi Rd., Huayangnian District 88 917 0.92 9 5 3 X 3 Without control room 16 Liaoyuan Rd. Yangguang Garden 99 6489 6.49 61.2 17 6 X 10.2 Collect twice one day 17 Xijiang Rd. Xiehe Homestead Shengxin 84 2562 2.56 ___Garden 40.5 13 4.5X9 18 Xijiang Rd., Xijiang Noble Garden 98 9674 9.67 72 24 6 X 12 Collect twice one day 19 Pingshan Av., Jiahe Commerce Street 60 1000 1 9 5 3 X 3 Without control room 20 Baiyun Rd., Pingshansheng Garden 102 3069 3.07 54 16 6X9 21 Pingshan Av. Changhong Century District 90 3213 3.21 54 16 6X9

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -25- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 4.5 X 8.4 22 The old airport, Hangxing Garden 98 2128 2.13 37.8 11 6 X 10.2 23 West Ring Rd., Jixiang Garden 87 3668 3.67 61.2 19 4.5 X 7.5 24 West Tanzhong Rd., Fuxin Garden Phase II 123 1890 1.89 33.75 10 2 X 2 Without control room 25 Feie Rd., Feie Mall 60 336 0.34 4 2 6X 10.2 26 Liuyong Rd., Zhaoxing Garden 81 3633 3.63 61.2 19 6 X 10.2 Collect twice one day 27 West Tanzhong Rd., Jinhe Bay 108 6576 6.58 61.2 18 4.5 X 7.5 28 The old airport, Zhaoxing Garden Phase II 85 1845 1.85 33.75 10 6X9 29 South Ring Rd., Erhai Mountain Villa 96 3163 3.16 54 16 2 X 2 Without control room 30 Liuyong Rd. Zean Guo 108 322 0.32 4 2 6 X 11.1 Collect twice one day 31 West Tanzhong Rd., Jinlv Zhou 87 8000 8 66.6 20 6X9 South Ring Rd. Lianhua City Baolian New 96 3213 3.21 54 16 32 ______D istrict_ 3 X 3 Without control room 33 Liuyong Rd., Yinhua Fazenda 60 1088 1.09 9 6 4.5 X 6 34 Guoxiang District 60 1554 1.55 27 8 2 X 4 Without control room 35 The old airport, Hangzhong Garden 32 742 0.74 8 4 4.5 X9 36 The old airport, Rongcang Pearl Guard 92 2506 2.51 40.5 13 2 X 4 Without control room 37 The old airport, Jun Garden 54 630 0.63 8 4 6X9 38 West end of Huxi bridge, Huxi Garden 100 3360 3.36 54 17 2 X 3 Without control room 39 The old airport, Minxin District No. Two 120 560 0.56 6 3 2 X 3 Without control room 40 Hangsheng Rd. No. 7-11, Yijing Garden 30 536 0.54 6 3 6X5.1 Collect twice one day 41 Chengzhan Rd., Jinju Square 32 5873 5.87 30.6 15 4.5 X 7.5 42 The old airport, Sanxing Garden 35 2191 2.19 33.75 11 Total 3318.5 113816 113.82 1475.65 478

-26- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component In the feasibility study, it is recommended to use refuse receptacles of HDPE material, cylinder body, lm high, diameter 0.8m, volume 0.5 m3, and with roller wheel for movement. The

newly-built refuse collection stations in this project totally need 478 refuse receptacles, and actually 500 refuse receptacles are provided considering stand-up. The amount of refuse receptacles for each station sees in table 2-2-3. (!)Construction scale of collection stations

The total area of the proposed refuse collection stations of this project is 1475.65m2 , and service

population, floor area, construction dimensions, and shipping capacity of every station see table 2-2-3.

(©)ConstructionTime

The refuse collection stations are to be synchronously built cooperating with the district and expected to be complete within three years. According to the construction schedule of the district, it is going to build 12 sets in 2006, 20 sets in 2007, and 10 sets in 2008. (®Construction condition

All site selections of the proposed collection stations in this project have been preliminarily

agreed by planning department of Liuzhou City. Because all the stations are inside the district, they have the assurance of water supply and power supply. The wastewater is to be drained into the underground municipal drainage pipe network through the drainage pipe in the district. (2) Refuse transfer station

The proposals of the project propose to build 3 refuse transfer station, which are named

Zhanggongling Transfer Station, Guiliu Rd. Transfer Station, and Baisha Transfer station. But the Baisha Transfer Station is not ready to be construction because the land expropriation work is too difficult to be fulfilled. So only Zhanggongling Transfer Station and Liugui Rd. Transfer Station have the possibility to be built, and this evaluation merely involves the construction of the two transfer stations. The two transfer stations are going to be completed during 2006 and 2007.

(DZhanggongling Transfer Station a. Construction site

It locates in the southwest of Liuzhou City, and is 5km far away from Liuzhou countryseat and about 18km far away from the Lichonggou Landfill going to be used. Details see figure 2-2-2.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -27- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component b. Construction scale The short-range design is considered to be 5OOt/d and development space is prepared for the 2 long-term design, which is considered to be 700t/d. Area of the transfer station is 31306m , and it will mainly run for the southwest of Liuzhou, Liutie County and Liujiang County after it is built. c. Conditions of water supply, power supply and traffic

The plant location is near Hangling Rd and the traffic is very developed. And the roads outside the plant will be rebuilt and drainage pipes and power system will also be established. So water supply and power supply of the plant are sufficed. There have already been discharge ditches in the north of the plant, which can discharge the rainfall inside the plant. d. General layout The office area and the work area are separated. The holding area, the weighbridge room and the service-rack are in the northeast of the plant; the middle of the plant is the work area as operation room with work area of vehicles; southwest of the plant is office area with building and green belt in it. Layout of the plant sees figure 2-2-3. e. Process flow The process flow in the transfer station mainly includes four procedures: measurement, unloading, condensation and transfer, and please see figure 2-2-4.

Refuse truck Weighbridge Unloading ompressor > room > hall >

A* A* A**

A**

Legend: A-Waste air pollution source

*-Noise pollution source

*-Wastewater pollution source

Figure 2-2-4 Process flow chart of proposed refuse transfer station

-28- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

The small refuse truck drive into the transfer station and go through the weighbridge for measurement. After measured, the small truck passes the bridge approach and enters the unloading hall on the second floor of the transfer station. According to the indication of the monitoring room and onsite dispatching, the truck bank up to the specified container location,

and then open the rear unloading door and unload the refuse into the feeding device, and last the truck leaves the transfer station through the bridge approach.

Before running the compressor, the empty refuse container should already be in the connecting

position ahead of the compressor. The automatic push-and-pull box and locating and locking device of the compressor tighten it with the compressor. The door-lift device lifts the loading door of the container to get ready for compression.

After the refuse is unloaded into the feeding device, the plate type conveyer inside the device

uniformly deliver the refuse into the hopper of the compressor, and then the refuse falls into the compression chamber of the compressor by action of gravity. The compressor continuously compacts the refuse in the compression chamber into the container until the container is full of refuse. After the container is full, the compression head make automatic compression with the maximum force for several times and keep the press for a certain time, and then the compression head draws back. At that time, the loading door should be laid down quickly for a certain distance and the door turns out to be half-open. The compression head compress the refuse again and then draws back. Then lay down the loading door quickly and the container is completely closed.

The automatic push-and-pull box and the locating and locking device automatic relieve the connection of the container and the compressor and push the container away for a certain distance. After the refuse container and the compressor are separated, it will be delivered by hook truck.

Table 2-2-4 shows the main proposed equipments of Zhanggongling transfer station.

Table 2-2-4 List of main proposed equipments of Zhanggongling transfer station No. Name Type Unit Amount I Weighbridge set l 2 Refuse container 5898 X 2352 X 2392mm unit 12 3 Automobile chassis vehicle 9 4 Compacting machine set 3 5 Plate type feeding unit 3

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -29- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component device l 6 Deodorization device set 1 (©)Liugui Rd. Transfer Station a. Construction site It locates beside Liugui Rd. in the east of Liuzhou City, and is 5km far away from Liuzhou countryseat and about 18km far away from the Lichonggou Landfill going to be used. Details see figure 2-2-2. b. Construction scale The short-range design is considered to be 450t/d and development space is prepared for the 2 long-term design, which is considered to be 600t/d. Area of the transfer station is 28000m , and it will mainly run for the Liubei district and middle city area of Liuzhou City after it is built. c. Conditions of water supply, power supply and traffic

The plant location is near Hangling Road and the traffic is very developed. And the roads outside the plant will be rebuilt and drainage pipes will also be established. So water supply and drainage system of the plant are sufficed. On the east side of the plant site is Jinglan Transformer Substation, so the power supply of the plant can be sufficed. d. General layout The transfer station is divided into three parts. Southwest is the front of the plant, and it includes the entrance, office building, weighbridge, service-rack and bed plant area, etc.; northwest of the plant is work area, and this area is operation room with off-set facilities such as vehicle work area and maintenance room; east of the plant is area for long-term use. Layout of the plant sees

figure 2-2-5. e. Process flow The process flow of Liugui Rd. Transfer station is the same as that of the Zhanggongling Transfer Station. So the depiction is omitted and only the main equipments of the Liugui Rd. Transfer Station is presented. Table 2-2-4 lists the main proposed equipments of the transfer station.

Table 2-2-5 List of main equipments of Liugui Rd. Transfer Station No. Name Type Unit Amount 1 Weighbridge set 1

-30- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 2 Refuse container 5898 X 2352 X 2392mm unit 11 3 Automobile chassis vehicle 8 4 Compacting machine set 3 5 Plate type feeding unit 3 device _ _ _ _ _ 6 Deodorization device set 1 (3 ) Configuration of sanitary vehicles

Because of the construction of the refuse collection station and the updating of existed sanitary

vehicles, this project is proposed to add some sanitary vehicles. Details see table 2-2-6.

Table 2-2-6 List of additional sanitary vehicles No. Type of Additional vehicles Reasons vehicles situation Transport The existing vehicles are going to be useless and need to be 1 vehicles for 10 refuse collection updated; after the refuse transfer station is built, the distance refuse in city vehicles about 4.5t for collect refuse decreases, so the amount can also be area reduced. Transport

2 ves fo 20 refuse collection To match the refuse collection station in the residential area. resildereidnta ntial vehicles of Sm3 area 3 Spraying car Spraying cars of 8t The existing vehicles are going to be useless and need to be updated; to increase the service capacity. 10 road brooms of Improve the mechanical level of work to realize that some of 4 Road broom 45000m2/h the main road can be cleaned mechanically. Sanitary facilities For maintenance of sanitary vehicles when accidents happen maintenance during transporting of refuse. vehicles

i6 Jvehicles 5 For cleaning of the refuse vehicles and other cleaning work. Environmental 7 monitoring 2 For works such environmental data sampling. vehicles

2.3 Pollution source analysis

2.3.1 Pollution source analysis during construction period

Construction of the proposed public toilets of this project is divided into for batches, and one batch for every year, which are: build 18 sets in 2006, 13 sets in 2007, 19 sets in 2008, and 12 sets in 2009 according to the integral development of the area. Adjust the construction time according to the actual development situation of the area.

Build the proposed refuse collection stations cooperating with the construction of the residential

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -31- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component area. And it is planned to complete 42 sets of refuse collection station within three years. According to the construction schedule of the residential area, build 12 sets in 2006, 20 sets in 2007, and 10 sets in 2008. It is proposed that the construction of Zhanggongling Refuse Transfer Station and Liugui Rd.

Refuse Transfer Station should be constructed at the same time, and they are going to be completed in 2006 and 2007. Activities such as land expropriation, removal and resettlements, earth work, structure construction, equipments installation, and decoration will be made during construction of the project, which will generate dust, noise, slag and construction wastes, sanitary Wastewater and refuse that will impact the environment around.

(1) Noise Digging machines, dozers, concrete mixers, hoisters, sand rammers, vibrators, earth rammers, and air compressors are the main facilities in construction. Those facilities stated above all have great noise during operating, and it should be released intermittently. The sound level of machine of large noise approximately ranges from 85dB to 105dB. So if it is not controlled during construction, the noise generated will impact the environment. (2) Dust It is easy to generate dust in this project during land expropriation and removal, earthwork digging, materials piling, loading and unloading, conveying and using of construction materials, and in and out of vehicles. The release type of dust should be inorganization release. The

magnitude of dust is related to factors such as condition of the construction site, management level, mechanical level, and season, quality of soil and condition of weather. (3) Solid waste Slag generated in removal, resettlement and earthwork digging, and construction wastes in

structure construction, equipments installation and decoration, are the main solid wastes in construction process of the project. In addition, the daily life of the workers also will generate some wastes. (4) Wastewater Water used in concrete mixer, road surface and earthwork spraying etc. are the main process water during construction period. It is vaporized or consumed during construction and no -32- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component wastewater is generated.

In addition, Wastewater generated by the worker during daily life mainly consists of pollutants

of COD, BODs5 SS and NH3-N. Because most of the construction sites are located in the city, wastewater is discharged in to the sewers nearby, while dry lavatory should be set up for suburb area without sewers nearby. The sanitary wastewater should be delivered periodically, and it can be used as fertilizer for farmlands or vegetations nearby.

2.3.2 Pollution source analysis in the operation period

(1) Public toilets

The influence of the public toilets to the environment is mainly demonstrated in the discharge of odor pollution and feces wastewater, and small quantity of refuse. (D)Waste gas The main pollutants in the waste gas generated in the public toilets are H2S and NH3, they originate mainly from stercoroma in the toilet bowl, the cumulated urine in the urinal and the

adnexed urinal encrustation. The quantity and density of H2S and NH3 is related to such factors as the sanitary conditions, the ventilating conditions, the temperature and the humidity. The discharge style of waste gas pollutants is inorganized.

The public toilet to be built in the item must accord with the first class water-impulse public toilet standard in the standard for planning and design of urban lavatory, the sanitary conditions must be good and the construction class must be high. In the same time, flush the toilet in time, spray disinfectant and lay deodorant when using it to guarantee that the sanitary meet with the first class toilet requirement in hygienic standard for communal toilet in city (GB/Ti7217- 1998) , decrease the odor pollutant to largest degree. According to the domestic operation experience, the public toilet maintaining clean and hygiene will discharge little odor pollutant, and can be ignored. (Wastewater

The main water instruments of the public toilet are toilet bowl and urinal, hand washbasin, and the floor flushing will also use some water. According to the data in the water supply and sewerage work speedy design handbook-3-construction water supply and sewerage (China Construction Industry Publishing House, 1998, Liu Wenbin), the water consuming estimation

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -33- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component results of the public toilet to be built is as the table 2-3-1 illustrates.

Table 2-3-1 The water consuming estimation of the public toilet to be built Water consuming 3 Water instrument Water consuming data Quantity quantity (m /d)

Toilet bowl (flushing) 80Ilh *squatting pan 896squatting pan 1147 urinal (flushing) 70Ih * squatting pan 322 squatting pan 361 Hand wash basin 20L/h * each 62each 20 (washing) 2 floor (flushing) 6L/m2 - day 4490m 27 Sum 1555

The wastewater generated in the public toilets is mainly feces and flushing wastewater. The water pollutant in the wastewater is mainly CODCr, BOD5s SS and ammonia nitrogen. The total 3 supply of the 62 public toilets to be built is 1555m /d, and the water discharge (about 5 1244t/d )will be calculated as 80% of the water supply, the yearly discharge is 4.54 X 10 t. According to the reclaimed water design regulation of construction (CECS30: 91 ), the quality of toilet discharging water in all kinds of buildings can refer to the table 2-3-2.

Table 2-3-2 The quality of toilet discharging water in all kinds of buildings Type BODs CODc, SS Residential buildings 200-260 300-360 250 Hotels and restaurants 250 300-360 200 Office buildings 300 360-480 250

It is clear in the table 2-3-2, the density of all kinds of pollutants in the office building toilets is highest. The toilets to be built in this item is detached building, the quality of toilet discharging water can refer to that of the office buildings, the density of CODcr, BOD5s SS is separately 480mg/L, 300mg/L, 250mg/L, the density of ammonia nitrogen is 30mg/L, and the water

discharge is separately 136.2t/a, 217.9t/a, 113.5t/a, 13.6t/a. (Solid waste The solid wastes in the public toilets are mainly paper strips, plastic bags etc, they are all common domestic refuse and the quantity is small. The toilet administrator shall collect them and send them to the near refuse collecting station. Send them to the landfill as other domestic refuse where they will be dealt with.

-34- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public. Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (2) Refuse collecting station (J)Waste gas

The air pollutants generated in the refuse collecting station are mainly such odor pollutants as

H2S and NH3. The refuse is collected in bags, and is stored in the sealed refuse receptacle. All

these will prevent the distribution of H2S and NH 3 etc. odor pollutants effectively; the refuse receptacle is put into the sealed collecting station, thus will further decrease the distribution of odor pollutants. Use deodorant in the collecting station, if necessary, to get rid of the odor

completely. So the discharge of H2S and NH3 is little. OWastewater

The wastewater generated in the refuse collecting station mainly comes from the flushing of. The wastewater mainly contains such pollutants as CODCr BOD5 s SS, and the density of all

kinds of pollutants is separately: CODcr300mg/L, BOD5150mg/L, SS300mg/L. The refuse receptacle flushing water will be calculated as lOL each receptacle, each time after it is used, it must be cleaned, the flushing water of the 42 refuse collecting stations to be built is5.89m3/d.

The discharge will be calculated as90% that of the water supply, the calculated flushing waste of the refuse collecting station is 1935t/a, and the water discharge of CODCr, BOD5s and SS is 0.58t/a, 0.29t/a, 0.58t/a.

(3) Refuse transfer station

Pollution source analysis will be carried on according to the current term design scale in this estimation, that is, the refuse transfer of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station is 5OOt/d, and the refuse transfer of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station is 450t/d. OWaste gas

Because there is all kinds of organic substance tending to ferment in the domestic refuse, and especially when the temperature is high, it will give off odor gas during the course of storage, transportation, the odor gas mainly contains ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, amine, indoles and aldehyde. The odor pollution will influence the environment through the olfaction of the people.

According to the pollutants discharging survey of the current domestic refuse transfer station, the waste gas in the transfer station comes mainly from the dumping and compressing process, the main pollutants in the waste gas are mill dust, H2S and NH3 .

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -35- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

According to the feasibility study draught, the waste gas disposal schemes of the 2 refuse transfer stations is as follows: a. The transfer workshop will adopt sealed building to decrease the distribution of odor pollutants; b. Install one set of deodorization system in each transfer workshop, acquire suction pressure through air draft system, thus draft the odor gas out to decrease the odor pollution to the largest degree, and the input air of each set of system is 12000m3/h; c. Adopt two-grade biologic deodorization method. The first step is water-spraying cleaning, thus can get rid of water solubility odor substance preliminarily; the second step is biological filtration, the loading material having certain humidity will contact with air fully, the odor pollutants will first be absorbed by loading material, and then will be degraded by the microbe in the loading material, thus will get rid of the odor and complete the deodorization process. d. Biofilter area is 4 X lOm2. The waste gas of the 2 transfer station will be discharged after biofilter disposal, and in the 3 3 discharge source is discharging gas: H2S density

0.035t/a. ( Wastewater The wastewater in the transfer station is mainly leakage liquid, flushing wastewater and the domestic wastewater of the personnel. It is generated during the course of compressing and packaging. According to the actual operation experience of the refuse transfer station of the same type, the yielding water quantity is about 6% of the total refuse in summer, and that is about 4% in autumn, winter and spring. So the total leakage liquid in Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station is about8220t, and that of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station is about 7398t. According to the analogy, the quality of the refuse leakage liquid can refer to table 2-3-3. The flushing wastewater mainly includes the cleaning water of road surface, equipments and 3 vehicles. The equipment flushing water will be calculated asO.5m /d, then flushing water supply per year of each station is about182.5m3 , the water discharge will be calculated as 80% that of 3 supply, then the water discharge per year is 146m ; Vehicle flushing water will be calculated as

-36- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 400L per vehicle one time, and the flushing will be carried on one time each week. Thus the vehicle flushing water of the 9 vehicles of the Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station will 3 be3.6m per week, and yearly water supply will be 187.2m3 , water discharge will be 149.8t/a.

And the vehicle flushing water of the 8 vehicles of the Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station is 3.2m3

per week, and yearly water supply will be 166.4m 3, water discharge will be 133.1t/a. So the total flushing wastewater discharge will be about 574.9t/a.

Table 2-3-3 The treatment and discharge condition of the wastewater in transfer station

Water quality (mg/L, except pH) Pollutant Discharge Discharge Treatment Ammonia source Discharge direction measures pH CODcr BOD5 SS

Refuse

lqudkoate 82 Wastewater Regulating lquidkofaghe 8220 Wtreatment plant reservoir 4.31 42600 29800 7710 336 Zhanggongling transfer Road Refuse workshop Transfer Flushing 295.8 Wastewater Sedimentation 6- 400 250 400 30 Station wastewater treatment plant tank 8 4 Domestic 818 Wastewater Anaerobic 6 3 wastewater treatment plant tank 8 300 200 150 30 Sum 9333.8 _ _ _ Refuse leakage Wastewater Regulating liquid of the 7398 tetetpat rsvor 4.31 42600 29800 7710 336 Guiliu Road transfer Refuse workshop Transfer Flushing 279.1 Wastewater Sedimentation 6- 400 250 400 30 Station wastewater treatment plant tank 8 40 Domestic 777 Wastewater Anaerobic 6- 300 200 150 30 wastewater treatment plant tank 8 3

Sum 8454.1 - - - - - Domestic wastewater includes toilet flushing, washing and bathing wastewater of the personnel. The domestic water supply will be calculated as 140L one person each day, and water discharge can be calculated as8O% that of the supply, then the yearly water supply of Zhanggongling Road 3 Refuse Transfer Station will be 1022m , and the discharge will be 818t; the yearly water supply of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station is 971m3,and the yearly discharge is 777t.

Sum up, the total wastewater is 1.78 X 104t/a, discharge of all kinds of water pollutants is separately: CODCr 665.71t/a, BOD5 465.46t/a, SS 120.87t/a, ammonia nitrogen 5.32t/a. The wastewater treatment craft of this project: the leakage liquid generated in the transfer station will be firstly drained to the underground regulating reservoir after collection, and it will be drained into the public sewage pipe network together with domestic wastewater after preliminary

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -37- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component regulation and deposition; the domestic wastewater after anaerobic tank disposal and the flushing wastewater of vehicle, equipments and floor after deposition disposal will be drained into sewage pipe network of the city, and then be sent to the wastewater treatment plant where they can be treated together. The wastewater treatment process flow can refer to Fig. 2-3-1. (® Noise The noise in the transfer station mainly comes from the transfer workshop, vehicle flushing room and the vehicles themselves etc. The source strength of all main noise sources can refer to the table 2-3-4.

Flushing Sedimentation wastewater

Drain to the Drain to the Domestic Anaerobic public sewage wastewater wastewater tank ' Pipe network eatment plant

Refuse leakage Regulating liquid reservoir

Fig. 2-3-1 The treatment process flow of the refuse transfer station

Table 2-3-4 Statistic chart of the main noise source in transfer station

number Name Unit Quantity levldB(A)* Prevention measures 1 Compactor Set 3/3 87.6 Foundation buff 2 Wind Unit 1/1 75 Foundation buff, noise deadener, acoustic machine U1shield 3 Water Unit 1/1 70 Foundation buff

Transfer Set 9/8 85 Choose low noise vehicle I______vehicle I____ quantity *Notes: Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station quantity/ Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station

The designing scales of Zhang-Gong-Ling Transfer Station and Guiliulu transfer Station are respectively 5OOt/d, 450t/d. The average load of the small-scale refuse transport vehicle is

-38- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component counted by 4.5t vehicle, the average actual loading rate is 80%, so the frequency of the small-scale refuse transport vehicles entering (exiting) Zhang-Gong-Ling Transfer Station and Guiliulu transfer Station are respectively 278vehicle-times/day and 250vehicle-times/day; The average load of the large-scale refuse transport vehicle is counted by 16t vehicle, so the frequency of the large-scale refuse transport vehicles entering (exiting) the Station are

respectively 64vehicle-times/day and 58 vehicle-times/day. Thus, the vehicles entering (exiting)

Zhang-Gong-Ling Transfer Station and Guiliulu transfer Station are respectively 342 vehicle-times and 308 vehicle-times every day. The working time in Transfer Station is counted

by 8 hours, which means that there are one vehicle entering or exiting each Transfer Station every 1-2 minutes on average, and this will bring a certain impact of traffic noise to the transporting road.

When the refuse transporting vehicles pass the station, the measured value of the noise in the day that is 1.Om away from the road boundary is 82.6dB (A). () Solid refuse

The solid refuse is mainly domestic refuse generated during the daily work and life of the personnel of the transfer station. It is calculated as 0.5kg one person each day, then the calculated yearly domestic refuse of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station is 3.65t, and that of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station is 3.47t.

(4) Environment protection vehicles

It is planned to add 62 environment protection vehicles in this project, which include transporting vehicles, water-spraying vehicles, and road-cleaning vehicles, maintaining vehicles, high-pressure washing vehicles and environmental monitoring vehicles. These vehicles will cause dust and noise pollution.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -39- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

3. Overview of Regional Environment

3.1 Overview of Natural Environment

3.1. IGeographical Location

Liuzhou City lies in the middle northeast part of Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous the Region, east longitude 108050' -109045', north latitude 23035' -24035' . Located in middle-lower reaches of Liujiang River, the city shares border with Rongshui in the north, Luzhai and Xiangzhou in the east, Yishan and Yicheng in he west, and Laibin in the south. The city covers a total area of 5307.24km and an urban area of 651km2.

3.1.2 Geographical and Topographical Features

and With typical Karst terrain feature, Liuzhou City is a Karst basin which is surrounded by hills of mountains in the north, east and west, and plain in the south. As influenced by running Liujiang River, as well as climate, lithological characters and tectonic structure, the area features combination of stream terrace and Karst terrains. The terrain segment may include: Urban River Curve Block, North Peak Karst Plain, East Peak, Peak Cluster Karst Plain, South Peak Cluster Valley, West Multi-tier River Terrace, Shatang Synclinal Karst Basin and Low Hill, etc..

Liuzhou City lies in the north end of the Middle-Guangxi Karst Plain with flat but slightly

waved terrain. Ground elevation ranges between 78- 120m. (Based on Yellow Sea Level, same as follows) . The plain features frequent Karst peak rising, in the south part of urban area, Karst spring is well-developed, the spring water is clear and runs in all seasons, same as the criss-cross underground water. At Taiyangcun and Liudong are peak cluster plain and hoodoo valley. Along Liujiang River are alluvial land. First class terrace are 50- lOOm in width, second class terrace In are 0.5 - lOkm in width, other regions feature scattered third, fourth and fifth class terrace. of urban area, solution cavity is developed with quite a number of solution cavity over 30m elevation.

3.1.3 Climatic Conditions

Liuzhou City belongs to the transitional climatic belt between Middle Asia tropical belt and

-40- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component South Asia tropical belt. Warm and humid, with ample precipitation, frequent flood in the summer and drought in winter. Please refer to table 3-1.1 for meteorological conditions of the project's location.

3.1.4 Hydrology

In general, Liuzhou City lies in Liujiang Catchment of Xijiang Catchment of Zhujiang Water System. Liujiang River, as the longest river in the territory, originates in Gengding Village,

Dushan County of Guizhou Province. Upstream are Duliujiang River, Xunjiang River and Rongjiang River(upon joining of Duliujiang River and Xunjiang River at Laopukou, Sanjiang County, it is called Rongjiang River). At Fengshan, Liucheng County, Rongjiang River joins Longjiang River which is from Libo, Guizhou, then is called Liujiang River. Liujiang River

flows through Liucheng, Liujiang County, urban area, Luzhai County, then ends at Sanjiangkou near Shilong, Xiangzhou County with a total length of 272 km and a catchment area of 58398 km2. Liujiang River accesses the urban area at Bailutang. The section of river in the urban area flows along the northern peninsula, forming a kettle-like pattern which grants Liuzhou City a nickname of "Kettle City". Another long river is Luoqingjiang River flowing through Liuzhai

County and joins Liujiang River. Water system of Liuzhou is developed, but runoff volume is uneven, runoff during flood season accounts for over 80% of runoff of the whole year. Sediment concentration and discharge are rather low. With ample potential hydroelectric power, the area is ideal for the development of water transportation and power industries.

Table 3-1-1 Meteorological Data of Liuzhou City item unit value Annual mean °C 20.5 temperature Air temperature Extreme high °C 39.2 temperature Extreme low temperature IC -3.8 Mean annual precipitation mm 1460.7 Maximum annual mm 2289.4 precipitation Precipitation Minimum annual mm 918.1 precipitation m 1. Actually-measured maximum daily mm 311.9 ______rec _ ipitatio n______Mean annual evaporation mm 1583.6

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 41- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Mean annual relative humidity 76 Mean annual air pressure mbar 1002.0 Extreme maximum air mbar 1028.5 Air pressure pressure Extreme minimum air mbar 981.0 pressure Maximum wind m,s 17 Wind direction and wind Mean annual wind speed m/s 1.6 speed Most frequent wind North wind in winter, south wind in summer direction _ Maximum annual water level of Liujiang River is normally below 84.00m, by annual analysis, in 28.1% of year, water level goes beyond 84.00m, in another word, it happens once in every 3.5 years. Flood starts, rises and falls fiercely, during flood in history, water level rises by 12.1m within 24 hours with a maximum rising rate of 1.28m per hour. Common rising rate ranges between 0.3 and 0.5m. During a flood, the maximum water level scope is about 18 m. Flood season is between mid-June and mid-July, mostly in July, duration of flood surge process ranges between 3 days and 25 days.

3.1.5 Soil

Total land area of the city is 1.8686 million hectares, accounting for 7.89% (in which, urban area

65.8 thousand hectares) of the total land area of Guangxi (23.6661 million hectares) . Crop land area per capita is 0.48 hectare. In urban area, the soil features rational thickness and favorable nature, suitable for farming, but organic matter concentration of soil is rather low with less fertility. The farming soil fall into four categories such as rice soil, red soil, lime soil and alluvial soil.

3.1.6 Animals and Plant Lives

Liuzhou lies along the north edge of South Asia Tropical Belt. With mild climate, ample sunlight and precipitation, the area is suitable for habitation and multiplication of wild animals

and plants. The area has a large number of wild animals. But for many years, suffering from damaging of forest and vegetation and poaching, wild animals were undergoing a gradual decrease in quantity, some species have died out. Only 338 species remained, including 27 animals, 51 birds, 26 reptiles, 9 amphibians, 11 fishes and more than 100 insects. There are two species under state first level protection, 22 species under second level protection, 59 species under principle protection of Guangxi Region.

-42- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component In the assessed region, there are few natural vegetation, the plain and gentle slope areas are all used for agricultural cultivation and urban development, natural vegetation has been nearly

totally destroyed. Inside the assessed region there are no rare and endangered species, and no natural reserve. Liujiang River accommodates 7 items, 19 sections, 113 strains of fish, but due to overfishing and inappropriate fishing method in recent years, the fish resource in Liujiang River of the assessed region is close to the edge of depletion, consequently, there are no fishers living on fishing any more. The former fishers have all transferred to other industries, some

transferred to mesh cage fish breeding industry. Currently, most fresh fish on Liuzhou market is bred in fishing pond.

3.1.7 Tourism Resources and Landscape

The tourism resources in the city feature natural landscape and minority nationalities' cultures. Major natural and combined landscapes include: Longtan Park, Duleyan Park, Queshan Park and Sanmenjiang National Forest Park, etc. in urban area; Jiuhu Mountain, Longhuai Reservoir in Liujiang County, Taipingyan in Liucheng County; Gu Ding Long Tan, Yuanbaoshan Forest, Beijiang River, Gunbeilao Mountain, Sijian Mountain, Laojundong Cavity, Shouxingyan,

Liugongyan, Yu Hua Xian Cavity in Rongshui Miao Nationality Autonomous Region; Xiangqiaoyan Resort and Baixiangyan(Gaoyan) of Luzhai County, as well as Lao Po Shi Men Water Landscape of Sanjiang Dong Nationality Autonomous County. The Minority Ethnical

Group Culture Resources are in Rongshui and Sanjiang autonomous counties, which is represented by Dong and Miao Nationality cultures.

3.2 Overview of Social Environment

3.2.1 Administrative Division and Population

Liuzhou City rules over four urban districts such as Chengzhong District, Liubei District, Liunan District and Yufeng Distict, as well six counties such as Liujiang, Liucheng, Luzhai, Rongan, Sanjiang Dong Nationality Autonomous County and Rongshui Miao Nationality Autonomous County, the city has a total area of 18707.25km 2 and an urban area of 658.31km2 includingly. The city has a total population of 3.5126 million and an urban population of 958.9 thousand. The city accommodates more than 30 ethnical groups such as

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -43- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Han, Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Yao and Yaolao Nationalities. Refer to table 3-2-1 for overview of various urban districts.

3.2.2 Social Economy

By the end of 2002, GDP of Liuzhou approached 229.72, includingly, the increment of the first industry amounted to RMB 2.261 billion, that of the second and the tertiary industries were RMB 11.165 and 9.546 billion respectively. The second and the tertiary industries have become the main locomotives of GDP growth.

(1) Agricultural Industry In recent years, Liuzhou City has enjoyed a rapid growth in farming, forestry, stock raising, vegetable and fishing industries, providing strong support to the industrial development of Liuzhou City and prosperity of urban and rural agricultural produce markets, and offered abundant foods to the urban residents. In recent years, the foodstuff output has surpassed 400 thousand tons for consecutive five years, the food stuff output record has been broken for eight times. Forestry industry has witness a new development, the green coverage ratio of the city has been over 31.3%.

(2) Industry

Table 3-2-1 Overview of Districts of Liuzhou City district overview Liuzhou's center of business and trade, finance, culture, education and entertainment. The district has an area of 77.675km and a population of 120 thousand. The district rules over 1 township, 5 communities and 18 resident committees and 6 villager committees. GDP of 2003 topped RMB 723.5754 million, agricultural increment reached RMB 40.3754 Chengzhong million, industrial increment reached RMB 109.20 million, the tertiary industry's increment reached RMB 574.00 million, financial tax income reached RMB 229.46 million, per capita spendable income amounts to RMB 8518, per capita net income of peasant amounted to RMB 2893. 2 Located in the north of the urban area. The administrative division area is 320.89km , population 334 thousand. The division rules over four townships, four community committees and two villages, totally 42 resident committees including 37 villagers' committees and 4 Liubei residents' committees. GDP of 2003 topped RMB 1.363 billion, agricultural increment reached RMB 175 million, industrial increment reached RMB 460 million, the tertiary industry's increment reached RMB tax income reached RMB 406.37 million 728 million, financial 2 Located in the southwest of the urban area, the administrative division area is 180.80 km , permanent population 299.2 thousand including 33.4 thousand rural population. Fluid population around 100 thousand. The division rules over 1 township, 1 village, 6 community Liunan committees, totally 52 resident committees and 20 villagers' committees. As the "Southern Gate" of Liuzhou City, Liunan District features sound industrial base, convenient transportation, focus of business and trade, and frequent population mobility.

-44- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Envirorunental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component GDP of 2003 topped RMB 1.414 billion, agricultural increment reached RMB 79 million, industrial increment reached RMvB 340 million, the tertiary industry's increment reached RMB 995 million. Located in the southeast of urban area, the administrative division area is about 91 km", permanent population 213.3 thousand. The division rules over 1 township, 43 community committees, 1 resident committees and 5 villagers' committees. As the economic, tourism, Yufeng cultural and transportation center of Liuzhou City, Yufeng District's GDP of 2003 topped RMB 1.102 billion, industrial output RMB 1.058 billion, industrial increment RMB 327 million.

As the largest industrial base of Guangxi, Liuzhou Ciy has initially set up an industrial system

with fully category and strong production capacity covering industries such as automobile,

machinery, metallurgy, paper making, power, textile, daily chemical, foods, building materials,

plastic processing, sugar making and pharmaceuticals, the city now enjoys a batch of advantageous enterprise and brank products with strong competitiveness and high market shares.

( 3 ) Trade

Liuzhou City has a reputation of "Trade Center of mid-Guangxi". Liuzhou City has 138 markets of various size in agricultural produces, daily products, steel, automobile, building materials, home improvement materials, stone, furniture, and bamboo. The markets make a commodity market system with enough quantity and fully category..

3.2.3 Infrastructure

Currently, the city has established a modem transportation network made of railway,expressway, air route and water transportation lines, meanwhile, telecommunication industry has enjoyed a very fast growth.

As one of the largest railway hub of China, Liuzhou City gathers three trunk railway lines such as Xianggui Line, Qiangui Line and Zhiliu Line; In term of highway, No. 209, 322 and 323 National Highway go through Liuzhou, expressways such as Guiliu, Nanliu and Yiliu has already been opened or will be opened soon; In term of air traffic, Liuzhou Bailian Airport provides air access to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Haikou, Shantou and Beihai; in term of water transportation, through Liujiang River(Xijiang River Water System), ships can voyage to Wuzhou, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau, 250ton class ship can travel throughout whole year.

So far, Liuzhou city has set up a modern telecommunication network composed of program

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -45- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component controlled switch exchange, high capacity optic fibre, digital microwave transmission. In 2001, Liuzhou was listed a state level experimental city of informatization.

3.3 Current Status and Planning of General Sanitation of Liuzhou City

3.3.1 Current Status of General Sanitation

(1) Current Status of Public Lavatories In urban area of Liuzhou City, there area 249 public lavatories. Includingly, 140 are under management of general sanitation departments, providing services to 4 urban districts of the city; 50 public lavatories are managed by two large state-owned enterprise-Liugang and Liutie, providing services to their staff; besides, there are 59 privately-owned lavatories, providing services to urban residents. Refer to table 3-3-1 for a complete list of public lavatories of Liuzhou City.

Table 3-3-1 Checklist of Public Lavatories of Liuzhou City 2 2 Unit Quantity Floor area (m ) Average floor area (m ) Chengzhong Dist. 26 1515 58 Chengbei Dist. 40 2573 64 Yufeng Dist. 42 2372 56 Liunan Dist. 32 1994 62 Subtotal of urban area 140 8454 60 Liutie 42 2124 51 Liugang 8 450 56 Other public spaces 59 3540 60 Total 249 14568 59 Only one lavatory is of note: among current public lavatories, 35 were built in combination with solid wastetransfer stations. Class A, others are of Class B. Major drawbacks of public lavatories of Liuzhou City are: inadequate quantity, inferior grade, unreasonable distribution, poor sanitary conditions, excessive service radius, inadequate quantity along business streets, trunk streets and in condensely-populated old urban areas, unenough interior space, and failure of compliance with state codes. (2) Collection and Transportation of Home Solid waste Refer to figure 3-3-1 for collection, transportation, disposal and treatment of home solid wasteof urban area of Liuzhou City.

-46- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Collect solid wasteby bag, measure collect gHome waste C chargeS .> anuEr3e falw smatwtruckmtos Road cleaning waste so Measure and a rlo idue b Collercte lwastcollectcharge transferfacialities,orcab-integratedcompactin saste 6 are in Chen gzhongr Measure and collectcharge \ cnnterpriseonfewisth p vMults-funct.on case, dumper

Figure 3-3-1 Process Chart of Home Solid wasteCollection, Transportation and Disposal (current status)

As indicated in the figure, at Liuzhou City, scraps are collected and transported by the following two methods:

(s) Transfer Transportation at Solid wasteCollection Station

At Liuzhou City, about 60% of scraps are transported by rear loaded compaction trucks upon being collected at collection stations. So far, there are totally 40 solid wastecollection and transfer facilities, or cab-integrated compaction stations. Includingly, 6 are in Chengzhong District, 15 in Liubei District, 16 in Yufeng District, 7 in Liunan District, other 35 were built in conjunction with public lavatories.

(9) Direct Solid wasteTransportation

At some governmental agencies and at city outskirts, solid wastecontainers are installed and scraps are transported by dumpers and multi-function vehicles, accounting for 40%o.

At Liuzhou City, general sanitation department transports 800 tons of scraps per day, the duty is carried out by 69 solid wastetrucks, refer to table 3-3-2 for detailed information about solid wastetrucks. Currently, a large percentage of solid wastetrucks at Liuzhou are outdated, among which 15 trucks are over age for 10 years and scheduled to be disused. Tno this end, new solid wastetransportation trucks need purchase for replacement.

The landfill in service at Liuzhou City is located in the north suburb of the city, about 10 km from downtown. The solid wastetrucks directly transport the solid wastefrom collection stations

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -47- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component to the landfill. As indicated by table 3-3-2, most solid wastetrucks in service at Liuzhou City are 4.5-6t middle and small size trucks. This is the result of the short distance between the landfill and urban area.

Table 3-3-2 Checklist of Solid wasteTrucks at Liuzhou City \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Multi-function \item Rear loaded compaction truck dumper truck Dist. \ Below 6t 9t 4.5-5t 4.5t

Chengzhong Dist. 2 2 6 5 Chengbei Dist. 7 1 3 7 Yufeng Dist. 9 2 3 4 Liunan Dist. 6 1 5 6 Total 24 6 17 22 (3) Home Solid wasteLandfill The Ouyangling Solid Waste Landfill, which is currently in service, is to be closed, while the

Lichonggou Solid Waste Landfill, which is funded by OECF loan, is to be put into use. The landfill is currently under construction and scheduled to be completed by the end of 2004. Refer to attached photos for current status of the landfill. Lichonggou Home waste Landfill is located at Lichonggou, Right Bank of Liujiang River, Yibu Village, Liyong Township, Liujiang County, Liuzhou City, the landfill is 12 km from downtown plaza(People's Plaza), highway length of haul is 23km, refer to figure 2-2-2 for location.

The landfill processes 600t home waste per day(anticipated annual growth rate 5 %),total investment volume RMB 148.294 million, site coverage 64 hectares. Volume of the landfill is 7.96 million mi3 , designed service life 17 years. Main facilities include sludge sedimentation gutter(meshed), sewage treatment station, anti-seepage treatment, leachate discharge, aeration system, anti-flood channel, spring pipes, composite fertilizer plant, environmental monitoring station, leachate monitoring shaft, platform scale room, engine room, car wash platform, and

power supply, water supply and drainage and communication system, etc.. The landfill has a staff of 67 members, except for three-shift sewage treatment plant, other divisions are all of one-shift. Refer to table 3-3-3 for waste generation and pollution control measures of Lichonggou Waste

Landfill.

-48- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Table 3-3-3 Pollution Generation and Control of Lichonggou Waste Landfill Major pollution Control result and code sources and Pollution control measures compliance pollutants Anaerobic biological chemical + aerobic biological Effluent quality complies Waste leachate, chemical+ physical treatment(secondary sedimentation with Class A standard of home and tank, mixture reaction tank, filter, contact reaction tank, GB16889-1997 industrial biological active carbon reactor, sodium filtration film) sewage At landfill, use HDPE film horizontal anti-seepage Effectively prevent ground measures, and conduct dynamic monitoring water pollution in the region at refilling area, install vertical gas discharge gabion(also can discharge leachate) and aeration pipe to prevent Effectively prevent Gas horizontal movement of gas, the collected gas can be explosion or gas pollution burned or reused through the burners installed atop the accidents pipes Plant noise comply with Equipment Vibration reduction and soundproof treatment Class C standard of noise GB12348-90 Sludge at Upon condensation at concentration tanks, then refill at Safety disposal, prevent sewage station landfill yard secondary pollution

3.3.2 General Sanitation Planning

( 1) Generation Volume of Urban Home Waste

According to , in 2001, daily

generation of urban home waste is 760t, per capita waste generation is 0.85kg; in the short-term(2001-2005) , downtown generation shall be anticipated at lkg/ person - day, short-term home waste generation will reach 1180t; in the long-term (2011-2020) , national

standard value 1.2kg/person * day shall be used, then long-term home waste daily output will reach 1848t.

(2) Planning of Home Waste Collection and Transportation

According to, process of the long-term (2005-2015 ) plan of downtown home waste collection, transportation, treatment and reuse of Liuzhou City is indicated in figure 3-3-2. (3 ) Planning of General Sanitation Facilities (1DPublic Lavatories Principles of Planning:

* The newly built or retrofitted public lavatories shall not be lower than Class B standard, lavatories at natural resort, historical relics protection zones and busy streets shall be of Class A;

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -49- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Home wa3-- P

Small 40, Rear cZ0 con s:: 7 trucksc loadedfs ainehin n |R cleanineoad wasteets a p csopace f th c T rsp

r Commercial lareas shal be3lin

lbsite areaa shall b

Enterprise offc Flammabl waste a e power geneTation serovier alongbusy treet shl e30'50 copco'mmohto tetssalbe7 100 h

Chart of Home Waste Collection, Transportation and Disposal (Planned ) Figure* laatoris3-3-2Urbn Process shll bebuil atart o n o eso.TeforaetanofM50-3 o 100% of lavatories shall be cleaned by flushing; LvThe lavatories shall bheshort-tm trunk streets and public spaces of the city. The spacing along busy streets shall be 300c500m, that of common streets shall be 750w1000, the service radius in residential areas shall be 3008500; * Urban lavatories shall be built at a rate of one for 2500p3000 person. The floor area of lavatories shall be 30t50m , the site area shall be over 80mtr in * In new urban area development, lavatory construction shall be considered simultaneously, old area renovation development, simultaneous construction of lavatories must be considered. Lavatory planning: In the short-term (2000-2004) , newly build 66 lavatories. Currently 260 the lavatories ( 1999), upon completion of construction, total lavatory number will be 326. In long-term (2005-2015 ) , newly build 87 lavatories, total lavatory number will be 413. 2~~~~~~ (2Sealed Waste Transfer Station Principles of Planning: * According to home waste collection and disposal planning of Liuzhou City, small size waste transfer(collection) stations and large size waste transfer stations will be built in downtown area. * Waste transfer stations shall be built in residential areas or industrial and municipal land of the city, for small size transfer station, set up one ever 0.7-lkm with a site area no less than

loom . For large size transfer stations, the site area shall be 4500m2, the auxiliary built area

-50- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component shall be 300m 2, daily transfer volume 450t/d.

* The waste transfer stations shall have good appearance, the structure shall be sealed, the equipment shall be advanced. Indexes such as dust emission, noise, odor and sewage discharge

shall comply with the environmental standards, the green coverage ratio shall be 10-30% O

* According to land use and operation of small size waste transfer stations of Liuzhou City, it shall be more economical if small size waste transfer stations and public lavatories are built together, hence, the newly built small size waste transfer stations shall be constructed in conjunction with public lavatories.

Planning of sealed waste transfer stations: number of current small size waste transfer stations:

38(1999). In short-term(2000-2004)67 small size waste transfer stations will be newly built in downtown area, the total number will rise to 105. In the long-term (2005-2015), 31 new small size waste transfer stations will be built, the total number will rise to 136; 4 large size waste transfer stations will be built: Zhanggongling Transfer Station, Jiutoushanlu Transfer Station, Yuejinlu Huilonggou Transfer Station and Hexitaohua Transfer Station. ®)General Sanitation Vehicles Refer to table 3-3-4 for more details.

Table 3-3-4 Checklist of Planned General Sanitation Apparatus

Typeof Vehicles Short-term (2000-2004) Long-term (2005-2015) Type of Vehlcles Plan plan Waste 116 (8t truck ) transfer truck 74 (8t truck) 16 (4t3truck3 e ______~~~~~16(40m container trailer) Excrement transport truck 0 11 Spraying truck 14 29 41 (middle size) 133 (small size) 53 (small size) 103 (middle size) Other specialized sanitation Total number is scheduled to be 42 as planned vehicles

3.3.3 Other Relative Planning

According to land use maps(refer to figure 3-3-3 and 3-3-4) of Zhanggongling Transfer Station and Guiliulu transfer Station provided by land administrative agency of Liuzhou City, the proposed Zhanggongling Transfer Station is located in the planned urban development area, while the proposed Guiliulu transfer Station is located in the protected farming land. Before

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.~~~~~ Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component development, land function alteration procedures shall be conducted to transfer the status of the land into "Land for Development".

4. Monitoring and assessment of the existing environment quality

Environmental monitoring in 2003 for Liuzhou city is referred for analysis and assessment of the existing environmental quality in terms of air, water and acoustic environment in Liuzhou city

4.lMonitoring and assessment of atmosphere environment and quality

has been General indexes of TSP. S02 and NO2 in Liuzhou city for the year of 2003 field. introduced; special items such as NH3. H2S and odor density will be carried out in

4.1.1 Referenced of data

(1) Setting up of monitoring points

5 monitoring points have been setup in Liuzhou in 2003 for S02, NO2, and TSP; another 8 points for dust control. Table 4-1-1 is to be referred for details.

Table 4-1-1 Location of monitoring points for air quality

Function Item Location No. Position Xinxu Top of school bldg. Comparison Top of school bldg. Industrial zone So 2 , No.9 m.school 5 Top of station bldg. Ind.res.zone NO2 , Envi.station Ditto TSP NO.4 m.school Inside compound Hexi water plant Inside plant Residence Xinxu Top of school bldg. Comparison Charcoal mill Top of office bldg. Industrial zone Liubei sanitation Top of office bldg. Ditto No.4 m.school Inside school Ind.res.zone DustHexi waterfall plant 8 Inside plant Residence Liuzhou high school Top of library bldg. Ditto Yufeng gov. Old compound Traffic,commerce Party institute Top of office bldg. Education zone (2) Method of sampling and analysis the requirement of Monitoring items: S02, NO2, TSP and dust. Sampling shall done according to (KQuality standard of environment and atmosphere) (GB3095-1996) . Analysis shall be carried out according to ((Monitoring and analysis method of air and waste gas)) (3) Results and assessment of the atmosphere monitoring

-52- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Table 4-1-2 is to be referred for SO2, NO2 and TSP for year average. Table 4-1-3 is to be referred to for dust fall in the year.

Table 4-1-2 Result of yearly average of SO 2, NO2 and TSP concentration yearly average (mg/Nm 3) Monitor location SO2 NO2 TSP Xinxu 0.052 0.020 0.134 Envi.station 0.078 0.036 0.203 Hexi water plant 0.051 0.024 0.182 City No.9 m.school 0.079 0.026 0.223 No.9 m.school 0.075 0.033 0.217 Total 0.070 0.030 0.206

Table 4-1-3 Result of dust fall by year average Functional area Location Yearly average (mg/Nm 3 ) Sanitation area Xinxu (comparison) 3.19 Industrial zone Charcoal mill 36.52 Ditto Liubei sanitation 6.86 Ind.res.zone No.4 m.school 8.69 Residence Hexi water plant 6.52 Ditto Liuzhou high school 6.14 Traffic, commerce zone Yufeng gov. 6.20 Education Party institute 4.48 Total 10.84 The tables show:

3 (i) Yearly average of SO 2 is 0.070mg/Nm , exceeding grade II set out in GB3095-1996 by 0. 17times.

3 (©)NO2 yearly average: 0.030mg/Nm , as by grade II: i®)TSP yearly average: 0.206mg/Nm3 , exceeding grade II by 0.03times. j()Dust fall of the year in city area is 10.84t/sq.km/mon, an increase of 65.5% compared to the year of 2002 (6.55t/sq.km/mon.).

As above stated, results and assessment of the atmosphere monitoring as per ((Quality standard of environment and atmosphere)) (GB3095-1996) and two major pollutants being SO2 and TSP. The reasons are as follows:

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -53- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

OThe energy consumption in Liuzhou is mainly coal burning at present with large amounts of smoke and SO2. (9)One of the major reasons causing air pollution is the geographic features and weather conditions as well as poor industrial layout. (Increase of emission due to manufacturing development with more coal burning. (!)Another important factor is the urban development and treatment of the old city with more relocation works.

4.1.2 Results and analysis of field investigation and monitoring

( 1 ) Setting up of monitoring points 4 monitoring points are to be set up and location to refer to figure 2-2-3 and 2-2-5. 1#- Residence area, south of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station 2# Kindergarten, Jilong development zone, west of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station

3#- North side of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station

4# south side of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station

(2) Sampling and analysis method of monitoring items and Monitoring items: NH3, H2S and odor as per relative national specification for monitoring analysis

(3) Time and frequency for monitoring 2004-10-20: one day with 4 samples

(4) Result and assessment of monitoring Table 4-1-4 is referred to for results of monitoring

3 Table 4-1-4 NH3, H2 S and odor density (mg/Nm only) Frequency Location Item 1 2 3 4 0.008 H2 S 0.007 0.005 0.007 0.027 1# NH3 0.060 0.018 0.031 Odor density 61 34 24 87 0.005 2# H2S 0.009 0.008 0.005

NH3 0.052 0.059 0.068 0.045

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -54- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Odor density 66 81 44 70 112S 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.009 3# NH3 0.055 0.075 0.029 0.011 Odor density 61 55 61 200

H2 S 0.003 0.002 0.005 0.007

4# NH 3 0.033 0.033 0.018 0.028 Odor density <10 <10 <10 <10

Index method is used and the formula as follows:

p =ci C 0 oi

In the formula: Pi - pollutant I: the single index Ci - pollutant I: average value, mg/m 3

Coi - pollutant I: assessment standard, Table 1-5-1 to be referred , mg/m3 .

By index method, Table 1-4-5 is to be referred to for NH3 and H2S index.

Table 4-1-5 Result by index method

Location Item Frequency 1 2 3 4

1-H2 S 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8

NH3 0.3 0.09 0.16 0.14

H2S 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5

NH3 0.26 0.30 0.34 0.23

3# 11H2S 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9

NH3 0.28 0.38 0.30 0.06

H2 S 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.7

NH3 0.17 0.17 0.09 0.14

From Table 4-1-4-5: H2S and NH3 in all the locations are under the standard; But the values in 1-3# are higher, in particular the odor value, due to Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station, much higher than that of 4#. While the surrounding conditions of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station is quite satisfactory.

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4.2 Investigation and assessment of the existing water environment and quality

4.2.1 Investigation and assessment of surface water

Analysis and assessment of surface water of Liuzhou district will be done taking in reference of monitoring results of Liujang river in 2003 by Liuzhou environmental protection and monitoring station.

( 1 ) Setting up of monitoring sections 4 monitoring sections will be set up for water quality of 2003 by dry, average and abundant periods and Table 4-2-1 will be referred.

Table 4-2-1 Layout of water quality monitoring points Ref Section Section type Water function Position 1 Lutang Comparison Cat. 3 Lutang ferry 2 No.2 bridge Control Cat. 2 Shipyard port 3 Sahbaotan Ditto Cat. 3 Luowei farm 4 Maoershan Reduction Cat. 3 Baisha county of Liujiang

(2) Monitoring Frequency, item and analysis method

Monitoring items: water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate salt index, BOD5, Hg, chrome NH3-N, hydroxybenzene volatilization, cyanide, total phosphor, (by P) , arsenic, (hexad) , lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, oils and nitrate (by N) 6 samples will be taken and 2 for each periods of dry, average and abundant. Related regulations set out in ((Technical specifications for environmental monitoring )) and ((Monitoring and analysis method of water and waste)) issued National environmental protection bureau. (3) Monitoring result and analysis According to the division program of water functions in the autonomous region and except for No.2 bridge section, category -- standard set out in ((Environmental and the quality standard of surface water) (GB3838-2002) shall be carried out for all the sections. No.2 bridge section is located in the grade I protection area and category -- standard shall be carried out.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -56- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Table 4-2-2 is to be referred for monitoring results of 2003 in Liujiang section.

From the table, category-- standard by its limit values set out in ((Environmental and the quality standard of surface water)) (GB3838-2002) have been met with for all the sections except for No.2 bridge. Limit values as per category-- standard set out in ((Environmental and the quality standard of surface water)) (GB3838-2002) have been met showing good water quality in Liuzhou section.

4.2.2 Investigation of the existing underground water quality

water quality monitoring, distributed in all the city areas. The monitoring points are set up mainly in the sections of force extraction and pollution. The results show that most underground

water are not yet polluted; some polluted spots are found with organic matters; the main type of pollution is by household pollution with apparent local influence by industries.

4.3 Investigation of existing acoustic environmental quality

4.3.1 Reference of data

According to ((The environmental report of Liuzhou city, Gaungxi, 2003)) , prepared in May of 2004 by Liuzhou environmental protection bureau, Liuzhou Environmental Protection monitoring station, limit values set out in ((Standard of environmental noise in urban area)) (GB3096-93) have been met with in cat.I, cat.II and cat.III areas in Liuzhou city in 2003. The accumulated equal effect acoustic degree in average arithmetic value is 58.7dB and traffic noise 69.8dB, both under the limit value of cat.IV set out in ((Standard of environmental noise in urban area)) (GB3096-93)

4.3.2 Result of field monitoring/investigation and assessment

( 1) Layout of monitoring points

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Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Table 4-2-2 Result of water quality monitoring of Liujiang river

Ph Ps Amnm. Total Hobzene Total Overall Section Item index Bod Dis.oxy Ni. cyan vola. Oils phos. Arsen Hg. Chro.hex Lead Cad. zinc Copper hardness Cond. Susp.

Dry 7.81 1.8 1 10.7 0.044 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.033 0.004 0.00002 0.002 0.006 0.001 0.048 0.002 83.23 20 20 Lutang Abun. 7.24 1.5 1 7.6 0.213 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.036 0.009 0.00002 0.002 0.004 0.0005 0.029 0.0005 74.19 52 52

Avrg. 7.43 1.8 1 8.0 0.214 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.078 0.004 0.00002 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.040 0.0005 65.48 36 36

Dry 7.57 1.5 1 10.29 0.055 0.002 0.001 0.02 0.043 0.010 0.00002 0.002 0.009 0.001 0.063 0.002 80.81 18.1 22 No.2 bridge Abun. 7.42 1.2 1 7.80 0.223 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.056 0.014 0.00002 0.002 0.010 0.0005 0.018 0.000 76.45 18.7 55

Avrg. 7.58 1.9 1 7.72 0.220 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.014 0.005 0.00002 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.062 0.0005 76.80 13.1 40 Dry 7.70 1.6 1 9.87 0.154 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.044 0.013 0.00002 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.072 0.002 84.08 19.6 30

Sahbaotan Abun. 7.41 1.5 1 7.10 0.220 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.057 0.008 0.00002 0.002 0.010 00005 0.042 0.0005 67.92 16.2 38

Avrg. 7.55 2.4 1 6.91 0.386 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.067 0.004 0.00002 0.002 0.007 0.003 0.054 0.0005 80.67 13.7 36

Dry 7.77 1.4 1 9.74 0.081 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.041 0.012 0.00002 0.002 0.014 0.0018 0.072 0.003 87.49 21.2 23

Maoershan Abun. 7.38 1.1 1 6.90 0.180 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.052 0.004 0.00002 0.002 0.011 0.0005 0.041 0.0005 67.66 14.8 40

Avrg. 7.48 2.5 1 6.55 0.398 0.002 0.001 0.025 0.047 0.004 0.00002 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.062 0.0005 80.87 14.8 38

IP i;t4'ik@@:P'L'ttJ -58- i i

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I Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 4 and 8 monitoring points in the two transfer stations in Zhangongling and Guiliu Road have been set up. Figures 2-2-3 and 2-2-5 are to be referred to.

1# Residence area, south of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station

2#- Kindergarten, Jilong development zone, west of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station

3# North side of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station 4# Entrance, east of Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station 5#- east side of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station 6# south side of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station

7# west side of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station 8# north side of Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station (2) Items and monitoring method

Monitoring items: equal acoustic degree A LAeq as per ((Measurement method of environmental noise in urban area)) (GB 14623-93) (3) Time and frequency

One time each at day time and night time on 2004-10-20. (4) Result and assessment of monitoring Table 4-3-1 is to be referred to.

Table 4-3-1 Result of environmental noise monitoring Result (dB (A) ) Result (dB (A) ) location location Day time Night time Day time Night time 1# 58.6 49.1 5# 47.7 46.4 2# 56.0 46.1 6# 47.0 51.2 3# 53.7 50.8 7# 38.7 40.0 4# 62.3 54.5 8# 37.3 44.5

The table indicates: noise in day time for 1#-4# points are not in conformity with the standard cat. II area (60dB (A)) , 3# and 4# points at night time also exceeding the limit due to traffic noise; 5#-8# points are below standard cat. I area for night limit (45dB (A)) mainly due to bird and insects all according to K(Standard of environmental noise in urban area)) (GB3096-93) and all other indexes are satisfactory.

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5. Analysis of environmental influence during the building works

The public toilets proposed for the project will be completed in 4 batches: 18 in 2005, 13 in 2006, 12 in 2007 and 12 in 2008, which will be subjected to the actual situation and development of the area under construction. Garbage collection stations proposal for the project will be set up following the development of residential area. According to the development of program, 42 collection stations will be built in three years, i.e. 12 in 2005, 20 in 2006 and 10 in 2007. Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station and Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station will be started at the same time in 2005 and completed in 2006.

Operations such as occupation of land, relocation, earth and stone works, structure execution, equipment installation and finishing works shall be carried out for the project works of public toilets , garbage collection stations and transfer stations . The major influences caused to environment during the execution of project works will include: dust pollution from site preparation , excavation and Backfill , material transportation and storage; noise pollution caused by machinery operation; living sewage and the garbage from site staff; solid wastes by site cleaning. The above inferences will disappear as with the completion of the project works.

5.1 Analysis of influence over the air

The major pollutants to the air during the execution of the product works is dust, which comes from un-organized sources: site preparation, cutting and backfill of earth works, Material Stockpile, loading and unloading, carrying and use of building materials, Entrance and exit of vehicles The existing structures of Surface Pavement will be destroyed by project works, which will cause dust pollution. The amount of dust will depend on the site conditions, management level, mechanical operation, construction seasons, soil conditions and weather conditions. The following results have been taken in a number of construction sites in Beijing conducted by

relative authority: * Heavy dust pollution on site at wind speed of 2.4mts, TSP concentration being 1.5-2.3 times

-60- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component compared to the upper wind direction.

* The scope of dust influence will be 150m leeward. The above analysis indicates that the dust inference and will be mainly the leeward area close to the construction site. The guiding wind direction in Liuzhou is north wind while in summer the south wind, which will guide the direction of dust inference. The atmosphere in Liuzhou is rather wet and rain fall is more abundant than in Beijing . The TSP concentration will be lower than monitoring result as stated above. But the site dust will also have certain inference over the surrounding residents in case that site management and measures are not sufficient.

Although the proposed public toilets are located some mainly in the populated areas in the city with more residence around, the best influence over the surrounding residents are relatively minimal since the amount and period of work is small and short. The dust inference of the off site areas will be minimal a part in the construction of garbage collection stations, which will be built simultaneously with the residential area, not populated at the state of construction works.

Strict control over the past the pollution sources shall be maintained during the execution of works around Zhanggongling Transfer Station, whereby a great number of residents and kindergartens and primary schools are to be protected. Covering of materials and earth and stones stockpiled in the open shall be covered; water spray is required for the construction site and the vehicle passes; littering during unloading and transport shall be avoided; open air operation during a strong wind shall be avoided which will reduce the cost of pollution to the air to the minimum.

Guiliu Transfer Station is located in an area which is open and specious, easier for dispersion. At the same time, the area is a very well planted with effective dust confinement. The construction works of Guiliu road will not cause major influence over the environment.

5.2 Analysis of acoustic influence to environment

The work volume of the proposed public toilets that the garbage collection stations are small and working period short. More manual operation and less mechanical equipment to shall be used during the works, which generate less noise and minimal influence over the surrounding environment.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -61- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Zhanggongling Road Refuse Transfer Station and Guiliu Road Refuse Transfer Station will be completed in large amount of work , which requires more mechanical works using machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, cranes, air hammer, vibrators and compactors. All above equipment will generate noise during operation in a intermittent way. The heavy machinery will generate noises at 85-105dB. The noise influence over the surrounding environment is tremendous, if without control during the construction works.

Attenuation model has been adopted to calculate noise reduction according to different sources. Table 6-2-1

is to be referred to.

Table 6-2-1 Noise intensity at different points to machinery (dB) Noise Distance to source Machinery intensity 50m lOOm 150m 200m Bulldozer 90-100 61 55 51 49 Excavator 85-100 58 52 48 44 Loader 90-100 61 55 51 49 Concrete mixer 80-90 51 45 41 39 Vibrator 85-100 58 52 48 46 Air compressor 90-95 58 52 48 46 Vehicles 80-95 54 48 44 42

It is difficult to determine the noise influence over the environment because most of the construction machinery would shift and move on site. By Table 6-2-1, the boundary noise influence is greater to surrounding environment and protective objects.

Noisy influence over the residence and kindergarten at south boundary is great, which is only wall distance to the Zhanggongling Transfer Station site. Strict measures must be taken to control the construction noise of the project site. Major protective objects in the surrounding environment of Guiliu Transfer Station are: some residents of Jinglan village 20m south to the boundary line and office building of Jinglan transformner station 12m to the boundary line . Table 6-2-1 shows that the site noise influence over the protective objects is great . Following measures must be taken during the construction works of transfer stations in rescuing to the minimum of the noise influence over the surrounding protective objects: (IDReasonable arrangement of the working hours

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -62- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component In preparation of construction program, high noise machinery shall not be used at the same time. Working of the above equipment shall be arranged during day time and night work avoided as much as possible.

(9)Reasonable arrangement of the work site

Avoid placing great number of a powered equipment at the same location to avoid local exceeding noise level.

)Reduce the noise level of machinery

Low noise equipment shall be selected as much as possible. Use hydraulic machinery instead of oil burning ones, vibrators of high-frequency type ; noise reduction can be realized for the fixed equipment and mobile machinery such as excavator, carried machinery, bulldozers by exhaust pipes silencer and engine insulation ; regular maintenance and curing for powered equipment

shall be carried out to avoid loose parts and damaged silencers , which will increase noise level . J)Reduce manmade noises

Operational REGULATIONS shall be followed up during mechanical work, removal of form to reduce noise by collision; whistles, bells and flutes shall be restricted during Instruction and modernized equipment adopted.

Based on the investigation made for a number of civilized construction site in China, with above measures taken as well strict scientific management, noise and pollution to the surrounding environment can be minimum and temporary, which will end with the completion of the Work.

5.3 Analysis of influence over water environment

Water Consumption in the production will be mainly for concrete mixer, road surface and earth works, which will be evaporated or consumed within the site with no discharge outside.

Some amount of living sewage will be produced on site, mainly containing COD, BOD5, SS, and ammonia nitrogen. Analogy is made as follows: COD300mg/L , BOD 5 150mg/L , SS150mg/L , ammonia nitrogen l2mg/L.

Most of the construction site are located in the urban area and sewage discharged into the local Urban facilities; for construction sites located in a suburb area without discharge pipelines (such as Guiliu station), dry toilets will be setup and regular collection of sewage water carried away for farm fertilizer or plantation without causing major environmental pollution to the surrounding .

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m ~ ~~~~~~~ X I Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

5.4 Analysis of influence of solid wastes

Main solid wastes produced during construction works are cutting earth, wastes produced during construction works and equipment installation and life garbage. on favorable influence will be generated, if not cleaned or properly disposed in time, over the site appearance, public health and road traffic. Therefore great attention must be given to the matter with necessary measures taken and the management strengthened. There is great differences in terms of solid waste produced during different stages of project works. The maximum amount of solid waste produced will be earth and stones, which shall be cleared and moved away in time . The amount of wastes produced during architecture work and equipment installation are not large , but which can not be mixed with life garbage and must be carried to the designated treatment yard for disposal . Temporary waste collection station shall be set up in the construction site. From where garbage can be carried weight to the designated fill yard or to the close by collection point for urban garbage. Site wastes, life garbage produced during construction works shall be collected and moved away by the construction unit for zero pollution or influence over the local environment.

5.5 Analysis of influence over the ecological environment

The project is subtitled as the " Liuzhou Environment Management Project " as with that for comprehensive treatment works of water environment. The environmental evaluation report for comprehensive treatment project of water environment shall be referred for the existing conditions of ecological conditions, environmental influence evaluation of Liuzhou city.

2 The permanent occupation plant will be 71273m for this project, which will occupy the existing residence, roads, workshop and green land. During project period, all the surface of plantation in the permanent occupation shop removed including agricultural crops, forests and trees , natural covering causing surface exposure and affecting the natural scenery and increasing loss of water and soil . In addition, Temporary occupation of land shall be required for the construction works, such as stockpiling of construction materials, soil collection and discharge. The surface covering will be

-64- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component destroyed or removed causing influence to the ecological environment. Restoration of vegetation shall be required after completion of the project works in that influence over the ecological in environment will be minimal.

Construction site often has turmoil image in the public; littering of soil during transport station will spoil road surface causing dust pollution. Therefore site cleaning is very important and influence over scenery is temporary and restoration is quick.

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6. Evaluation impact analysis and evaluation in operation phase

6.1 Public toilets

Main influence of public toilets on surrounding environment is malodor contamination and dejectas as well as a mall amount of garbage.

6.1.1Analysis of atmospheric environment impact

Main contaminations produced in the waste gas by public toilets are H2S and NH3, which mainly result from accumulated excrement in the lavatory pan and dirt of the urine in the small stool pot.

The amount and concentration of H2S and NH3 as well as malodor depend on the sanitary condition, ventilation condition, temperature, humidity and relevant factors. The discharge mode of waste gas and contamination is amorphous discharge. Since no cesspool has been designed for the public toilets for this project, there is no problem of malodor when the cesspool is cleaned. Furthermore the public toilets will be constructed in accordance with the first-class construction standards Planning and Design Standards of Public

Toilets in Cities (CJJ14-87) and all of them are water washing type with good sanitary conditions and perfect functions. Operation experiences gained from some big domestic cities show that so long as management is put in place and the toilet is kept clean without water accumulated on the ground, waste paper, accumulated excrement in the lavatory pan, urine accumulated in the small stool pot, dirt of urine and other contaminations and with the wall and ceiling joist clean and neat, there will be basically not malodor in the public toilets. Therefore if the public toilets designed for this project are kept clean in accordance with relevant national sanitary requirements with minimum amount of contamination discharged from the toilets and H2S/ NH3 contents less than that specified in Class II standards Discharge Standardfor Malodor Contaminations (GB 14554-93) and the malodor contamination being diffused and diluted, there will be no malodor pollution influencing the environment surrounding the public toilets.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -66- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 6.1.2Analysis of water environment impact

The wastewater produced in the public toilets is mainly dejectas sewage and flushing water. The

contaminations in the wastewater are mainly CODCr, BOD5, SS, ammonia nitrogen etc. The

average contamination concentration is CODc,480mg/L, BOD5300mg/L, and SS250mg/L and ammonia nitrogen 30mg/L.

Totally 62 public toilets have been designed for this project. These toilets will be located close

to existing sewage pipelines with the farthest within less than 300m. The water discharge of all toilets shall be via pipelines.

The 62 public toilets will be constructed in four batches, and each batch of construction will take one year. By 2008 construction of all toilets will have been completed. At present in Liuzhou only Longquan Mountain Wastewater Treatment Plant (0st phase) has been put into operation and its service area mainly covers the south, southwest and southeast districts of Liuzhou City, which are divided administratively into Liunan District and Yufeng District. The sewage water discharge into underground pipelines in this area can be connected to and treated in the wastewater treatment, but the sewage water discharged into the underground water pipeline in other areas has not been treated and directly drained into Liujiang River or into other bodies of surface water.

Since the 62 public toilets are extensively distributed in the downtown area, some of drainage can be connected into the wastewater treatment plant through the underground pipeline and the water quality is in accordance with the standard "Sewer System of the City Equipped with

Wastewater Treatment Plant specified in Water Quality Standardfor Sewage Discharged into City Sewer (CJ3082-1999) . The rest sewage from public toilets will be drained through underground pipelines into Liujiang River and the water quality will be in accordance with the standard "Sewer System of the City which is not equipped with a wastewater treatment plant. Project analysis shows that when the sewage from public toilets goes into the sewage treatment plant via sewers, the discharge can meet the standard. On the other hand the rest of the sewage, which is not drained into Liujiang River instead of the sewage treatment plant will pollute the water quality in Liujiang River to some extent, for it has not been treated before discharged in the river. As Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component is

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -67- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component executed, the wastewater treatment factories in Baisha, Yanghe, Longquan Mountain (2nd phase) and Labao will be built and put into operation respectively, all of the sewage from the 62 public toilets will be drained into the factories via underground pipelines and treated. As the result the discharge will meet the specification and pollution of the water quality in Liujiang River will be alleviated.

6.1.3Analysis of solid waste environment impact

The solid wastes produced in public toilets are mainly paper pieces, cigarette ends, plastic bags ect, which are common domestic rubbish and they will be collected by the cleaners and transported to nearby rubbish collection stations. The rubbish will be innocuously treated together with other domestic rubbish in the solid waste collection station, thus having little impact on the environment.

6.2 Solid waste collection station

6.2.lAnalysis of atmospheric environment impact

For the newly built solid waste collection station of this project ashbins and plastic bags will be adopted to collect rubbish. The bags filled with rubbish will be sealed, put into storage ashbins and stored in the airtight stations. When the ashbins are loaded, the sealed plastic bags will be directly poured into the rubbish-transporting trucks. In the whole process from rubbish collection to the truck transfer the rubbish will not be exposed to the air and hardly any malodor contamination will be leaked. As the result solid waste collection stations will not have malodor pollution on the surrounding protection objects. In order to further prevent malodor spread from the solid waste collection stations attention shall be paid to maintaining instation cleanness and sanitation. When necessary, deodorizer and

disinfector shall be sprayed.

6.2.2Analysis of water environment impact

The contaminations produced in the solid waste collection station mainly consist of the wastewater used to wash the ashbins with 447t of water discharged annually. Main

contaminations in the wastewater are CODcr, BOD5 and SS etc. The concentrations are

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -68- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component respectively 300mg/L, 150mg/L and 300mg/L with individual annual discharge 0.13t/a, 0.07t/a and 0.13t/a.

Before the wastewater treatment plants designed for Liuzhou Environment Management Project -Wastewater Treatment Component are put into operation, only part of the sewage from the 42 new solid waste collection stations will be drained and treated in Longquan Mountain Wastewater Treatment Plant (ISt phase) and the discharge meets the standard. The rest wastewater will flow into Liujiang River via underground pipelines with the water quality exceeding the requirement specified by CJ3082-1999, thus causing some pollution to the water quality of Liujiang River. However as the water treatment project is executed, the sewage from all of the 42 solid waste treatment stations will be connected to the treatment plants via underground pipelines and discharge will be able to reach the requirement and the pollution of water quality in Liujiang River will be decreased.

6.3Solid waste transfer station

6.3.1 Analysis of atmospheric environment impact

(1) Polluted weather features

Liuzhou city is located in the sub-tropical region in the south east of the East Asia Continent, which is known for its monsoon climate. The city is affected by monsoon circumfluence with the warm and moist marine air mass in summer and cold/dry continental air mass in winter. It is characterized with sub-tropical monsoon climate featuring a mild climate, flush rainfall, long summer, short winter, rainy summer and dry winter. Based on weather statistics data collected in Liuzhou for quite a few years the regional weather features have been analyzed and basic data provided for diffusion calculation of the aerial contaminant in the region.

Temperature: The yearly average temperature is 20.4°C, and in July the highest daily average temperature reaches 27.2°C while in January the lowest daily average temperature reaches 10.2 'C. The daily range of yearly average temperature is 8.0"C, in which in October the daily range is the maximum at 9.2°C while in March the daily range is the minimum at 6.6°C. Rainfall: According to the weather statistics recorded since 1934 the average rainfall has been 1487.0mm for many years, among which from April to August comes the rainy season with the

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rainfall accounting to 70.05 % of the whole year rainfall. The rainfall varies on the basis of short period for yearly circulation around 13years, 17 years and 25 years. The minimum value is 993.2mm(in 1884) while the maximum is 2026.3mm(in 1951).

Wind direction and velocity: Wind direction frequency statistics recorded in 2001are shown in Table 6-3-1 and Figure 6-3- 1.

Table6-3-1 Wind direction frequency statistics

dWinrtdiN NWNNW N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW C 3.54 3.9216.85 3.1611.54 0.79 0.66 08 36.39 FrequencyFrqeny4.2 | .25 |34.8|14.4815.8-3 .83431 3.167.7_33.3 0.8111.48 Type North wind group South wind group Frequency 35.45 19.01 Since Liuzhou is located in the sub-tropical region adjacent to Nanling Mountain Range in the north and Liujiang Plain in the south, the monsoon wind alternation is very obvious.

Furthermore the landform impact is quite strong with mountains in both east and west and north-south wind being popular but east-west wind quite rare. Table 6-3-Ishows that the yearly occurrence frequency of north wind group in Liuzhou is 35.45 % while that of the south wind group is 19.01 %; All the year round NNW occurs the most with 14.48%; W wind occurs the least with 0.66%; In addition E, WSW and WNW also occur in relatively less frequencies; The

calm occurs relatively high in the year with the frequency 36.39 %.

v E

SES5

E S

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -70- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Figure 6-3-1 Rose Map of wind direction occurrence frequencies in 2003 The average wind velocity in Liuzhou is 1.6m/s. (2) Prediction mode and factor selection

Project analysis shows that the main atmospheric contaminations during rubbish pouring, and

storing are NH3 and H2S etc. The two transfer stations have the same process and are similar in

scale under the same contamination discharge conditions. NH3 and H2S will be selected as evaluation factors for atmospheric impact prediction in this project.

Contamination analysis results in Section 2.3.2 show that the waste gas from the transfer workshop of the transfer station are treated by the deodorization dust removal system and discharged through the biological filtration pool (4m X 1Om). Therefore the prediction of surface source mode recommended by HJ/T2.2-93 will be adopted for this project. That is to regard the surface source discharge as a point source in the geometric center and the diffusion parameter is modified; the dot-source mode is adopted directly for calculation and the approximate value represents the diffusion of the surface source.

0 The diffusion formula of dot-source mode is as follows:

C(x,y)-2Qao exp[- Y2 ]F

IF ep r(2nh - He - z) 1 r (2nh + H _ Z)2 n=-k 2U2 1e 2U2

Where: C(x, y)-Ground concentration of the contaminations, mg/Nm3, Q-Discharge amount in a unit of time, mg/s;

X-Horizontal distance from the down wind direction of the discharge tube, m; Y-Vertical distance on the horizontal plane of average wind direction axes passing through the point source, m;

U-Average wind velocity at the higher point of the source, m/s; He-Effective source altitude, m; h-Height of the mixed layer; n-Reflection times (generally n=4); o v-Horizontal diffusion parameter, m;

° z-Vertical diffusion parameter, m;

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -71- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

* Respective modifications of a y and n z in the mode of surface source:

af = yI xat + -ay 4.3a

aT = y2 xa2 +-

Where: X- -Distance from the receiving point to the center of surface source;

ay -- Length of the surface source in y direction;

H - -Average discharge height of surface source.

The values recommended by Technical Guidance for Environment Impact

Evaluation-Atmospheric Environment (HJ/T2.2-93 )have been adopted as diffusion parameter and the height of the mixed layer. (3) Prediction results and evaluation

The evaluation predicts the primary concentration of H2S and NH3 at each plant boundary with different stability degrees in the down win direction under average yearly velocity. The distance from each plant boundary to the contamination source (the biological filtration pool) is shown in

Table 6-3-2, and prediction results are in Table 6-3-3.

Table 6-3-2 The distance from each plant boundary to the contamination source center Name of the transfer East South West North station boundary boundary boundary boundary Distance to the Zhanggongling 160 93 130 18 contamination source Transfer Station center (im) Guiliulu transfer 146 132 36 24 ______I______S tatio n _ 3 Table 6-3-3 Prediction results of primary H2S and NH3 concentration at the plant boundary (mg/Nm )

Contamination H2S NH3 Name of the plant boundary Stability Contribution Prediction Contribution Prediction degree value value* value value* Zhanggongling B 0.0001 0.0051 0.0011 0.0121 Transfer Station East C 0.0003 0.0053 0.0026 0.0136 boundary D 0.0004 0.0054 0.0041 0.0151 E 0.0010 0.006 0.0103 0.0213 B 0.0003 0.0053 0.0029 0.0139 South C 0.0006 0.0056 0.0062 0.0172 boundary D 0.0010 0.006 0.0095 0.0205 E 0.0022 0.0072 0.0217 0.0327

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -72- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component B 0.0002 0.0052 0.0016 0.0126 West C 0.0004 0.0054 0.0036 0.0146 boundary D 0.0006 0.0056 0.0057 0.0167 E 0.0014 0.0064 0.0138 0.0248 B 0.0033 0.0083 0.0328 0.0438 North C 0.0053 0.0103 0.0525 0.0635 boundary D 0.0066 0.0116 0.0659 0.0769 E 0.0103 0.0153 0.1032 0.1142 B 0.0001 0.0021 0.0013 0.0193 East C 0.0003 0.0023 0.003 0.02 1 boundary D 0.0005 0.0025 0.0048 0.0228 E 0.0012 0.0032 0.01 17 0.0297 B 0.0002 0.0022 0.0016 0.0196 South C 0.0004 0.0024 0.0038 0.0218 boundary D 0.0006 0.0026 0.0061 0.0241 Guiliulu E 0.0015 0.0035 0.015 1 0.033 1 transfer Station B 0.0013 0.0033 0.0132 0.0312 West C 0.0025 0.0045 0.0248 0.0428 boundary D 0.0034 0.0054 0.0337 0.0517 E 0.0063 0.0083 0.0627 0.0807 B 0.0028 0.0048 0.0276 0.0456 North C 0.0051 0.0071 0.0508 0.0688 boundary D 0.0068 0.0088 0.0683 0.0863 1 E 0.0124 0.0144 I 0.1242 0.1422 *Note: Prediction value=Status value+ contribution value. Since the existing rubbish in Zhanggongling will be removed after the transfer station is built, the status value adopted from Section 4. 1.2 is the minimum monitoring value of primary concentration, i.e. H S 0.005mg/Nm3 and NH 0.011mg/Nm 3 2 3 ; The status values for H2S and NH3 Guiliulu transfer Station are 3 3 respectively 0.002mg/Nm and NH3 0.018mg/Nm . The table shows that after the status values are superposed the H12S and NH3 concentration of each plant boundary has met the standard values specified in Malodor Contamination Discharge Standard (GBI4554-93)

Table 1-6-Ishows that the protection objects are just outside the east, south, west and north boundaries of Zhanggongling Transfer Station. According the above prediction results the H2S and NH3 concentrations in the protection objects such as the residential area and nursery have met the primary highest 3 allowable value ( H2Sconcentration <0.01mg/Nm and NH3C 3 concentration<0.20mg/Nm ) specified by Design Standards for Industrial Enterprises (TJ36-79) regarding the residential area

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -73- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

According to the plan and jobsite investigation the open space to the north of Zhanggongling Transfer Station has been acquired by a real estate company for the purpose of real estate construction. But Table 6-3-3 shows that under C, D and E stability degrees the H2S concentration at the north boundary of the transfer station does not meet the primary highest allowable value specified by TJ36-79 regarding the residential area. Therefore Zhanggongling Transfer Station will have a relatively great influence on the new residential area outside the north boundary. (4) Determination of sanitary protection distance The malodor sanitary protection distance of this transfer station will be calculated in accordance with the determination method of sanitary protection distance specified in Technical Methods for

Determinationof Atmospheric ContaminationDischarge Standards (GB/T13201-91) (J)Prediction mode of sanitary protection distance The sanitary protection distance for each industrial enterprise shall be calculated with the following formula:

c =- (BL5 + 0.25y2 )05 0LD Cmn A

Where: Qc-The control level which can be reached with amorphous discharge of baleful gases by industrial enterprises, kg/h; 3 Cm-Standard concentration limit, mg/Nm ; L-Sanitary protection distance required by industrial enterprises, m;

Y -Effective radius of the discharge source in production unit, and the calculation 2 is based on the unit land occupation S(m ), and Y =(S/ it )05;

A B-. C-. D-Calculation parameters of sanitary protection distance.

(©Parameterselection For parameters of amorphous discharge source intensity, refer to section 2.3.2; Calculation parameters A, B, C- D will be selected in accordance with GB/T13201-91; Standard concentration limit value will be the primary highest allowable concentration value specified

Sanitary StandardsforIndustrial Enterprise Design (TJ36-79): The primary highest allowable 3 3 respectively. concentration of NH3 and H2S shall be 0.20mg/Nm and O.Olmg/Nm (®)Calculationresults and impact analysis

-74- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component According to jobsite investigation the main protection objects for Zhanggongling Transfer Station are shown in Table 1-6-1; The distance from each protection object to the biological filtration pool of Zhangjialing transfer station are respectively as follows: Zhanggongling

Refrigeratory 160m, the residential area 93m, Longji Kindergarten 130m, the primary school

of Jilong Development Zone 100m and Xin'an Primary school 120m; The distance from each protection object to the biological filtration pool of Guiliulu transfer station are respectively as follows: Office Building of Transformer Substation 158m and the residential area 152m. According to the investigation of existing similar solid waste transfer stations in Beijing when the waste gas from the airtight workshop is untreated, within 140m from the gas discharge tube in down wind direction there is a serious malodor concentration pollution to the residents, and the closer they live, the sever the pollution is. Outside the 140m scope most residents think that the malodor pollution influence is rather small. Thus it can be determined that if no deodorization measure is adopted, great malodor pollution will be caused to protection objects within 140m. Pollution range is shown in figures 2-2-3 and 2-3-5.

Secondary biological deodorization method will be adopted to treat the waste gas in the transfer

3 3 workshop with H2Sconcentration <0.1mg/Nm and NH 3 concentration

Table 6-3-4 Calculation results of the sanitary protection distance from the transfer station Name of contamination Affecting factor Sanitary protection distance (im) source

H2 S 50 Biological filtration pool NH3 50

Figure 2-2-3 shows that the distance from the biological filtration pool to the residential area and schools is less than 140m and if the waste gas is discharged without treatment, the neighboring residents and schools will be affected by the malodor. So the waste gas must be effectively treated before discharged. The prediction results show that after the secondary biological treatment in the pool the sanitary protection distance will be 50m. From Figure 2-2-3 we can see that each protection object is outside the 50m scope, thus the discharge impact by the pool will be ignored.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -75- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

According to the plan and jobsite investigation the empty land to the north of Zhanggongling Transfer Station has been purchased by a real estate company for the purpose of real estate construction. From the prediction results and Figure 2-2-3 we know that the land acquisition scope is within the sanitary protection range and the residents living north in the new area will be affected to a great level. Main protection objects of Guiliulu transfer Station are located to the east, including the office building of Jinglan transformer substation 12m apart and some residents 20m apart. The distance from the biological filtration pool to the two protection objects are respectively 158m and 152m. Furthermore as the revamp of Guiliu Road is executed, the residents living to the south of the plant will move away. Since the protection objects are outside the sanitary protection distance of the pool, the discharge from biological filtration pool will have little impact on the residents. (5) The impact of rubbish transportation vehicles The impact caused by rubbish transportation vehicles on the environment is mainly discharged vehicles flying dust, NH3 and H2S. After the project is executed, all of the rubbish transportation in Liuzhou will be renovated and changed into the airtight type. In addition the infiltration liquid collection apparatuses will be installed and no rubbish will be exposed to the air in the whole process of transportation, and no rubbish will be splashed or seeped. As the result the transportation vehicle will hardly cause any flying dust, NH3 and H2S with little impact on the atmospheric environment surrounding the transfer stations. The above-mentioned content is summarized as follows: If the waste gas from the transfer workshop is not treated, the waste gas pollution scope of Zhanggongling Transfer Station can get beyond 140m, having a relatively great impact on surrounding protection objects, and necessary treatment must be conducted for the waste gas; Having been treated in the secondary

biological filtration pool the gas will have less impact on surrounding protection objects. highest However the H2S concentration at the north boundary has exceeded the primary allowable value specified in Design Standards for Industrial Enterprises and the sanitary protection scope has exceeded the land acquisition range of the transfer station. Therefore the waste gas from the transfer station will have a relatively great impact on the residential areas outside the north boundary.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -76- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 6.3.2 Analysis of water environment impact

The leaked rubbish liquid, domestic sewage, wastewater of food and beverage and flushing wastewater produced during rubbish delivery to the two new transfer stations will be pretreated, mixed into the municipal sewage pipeline network and finally drained to the wastewater treatment plant. The working grade of water environment evaluation is less than Class III and only feasibility analysis of sewage discharge will be conducted.

The wastewater from the two new transfer stations will mainly include the infiltration liquid

produced during the rubbish transportation, flushing wastewater and domestic sewage from the

employees' houses. Main water contaminations are CODcr, BOD5, SS and ammonia nitrogen. ( 1 ) Analysis of water discharge impact from Zhanggongling Transfer Station Zhanggongling Transfer Station is close to Hang Ling Road and the road outside the station will be revamped and equipped with drainage pipelines. By then the infiltration produced by the transfer station, the flushing wastewater and domestic sewage will be simply treated in the station, mixed with the water from the pipeline outside the station and finally drained into the wastewater treatment plant. According to Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component the collected wastewater in this area will go to Long Quanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant to be treated.

Long Quanshan Wastewater Plant (1st phase) has already been constructed, mainly serving the south, southwest and southeast districts of Liuzhou City, which are divided administratively into Liunan District and Yufeng District. The plant mainly treats wastewater from various enterprises and sewage from residents' houses with processing capacity 00000m 3/d. A2/0 process has been adopted to conduct secondary treatment of wastewater and the treated water flows into Liujiang River.

A 2/O process is the short form for anaerobic-anoxia- aerobic biologic denitrogen and dephosphor process. It has been developed in the 70s by American experts on the basis of anaerobic- aerobic dephosphor process (A/O) , which has both function of denitrogen and dephosphor. By this process a anoxia pool has been added into the anaerobic- aerobic dephosphor process (A/O) , and some mixed liquid returns the front end of the anoxia pool so as to achieve the objective of nitration denitrogen. The process is characterized with good

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -77- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component treating effects, advanced and mature technology, easy operation, management and maintenance, reliable operation, high flexibility and a good resistance to impact etc. According to Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component Long Quanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (2nd phase) will have been built by 2007. By then the total processing capacity will reach 25oooom3/d. A 2 /O+chemical dephosphor process has been adopted for the 2nd phase, and shockproof capacity will be greatly strengthened. According to the engineering analysis results the flushing wastewater and domestic sewage produced by Zhanggongling Transfer Station have met the requirements specified in Water

Quality Standard for Sewage Drainage into the Municipal Sewage, but the infiltrated contamination concentration produced in the rubbish transfer workshop is relatively high, which is against the standard specified in CJ3082-1999. Although the organic substance concentration in the rubbish infiltration is high, there is no heavy metal in the infiltration liquid and the normal operation of the bio-chemical system in the wastewater treatment plant will not be affected. Further more the maximum daily output of the infiltration liquid is only 30m3, which is far less than the daily processing scale of the existing 3 Long Quan Wastewater Treatment Plant (1 00000m 3/d) and the revamped plant (250000m /d), and also far less than the amount of domestic sewage drained into the plant. Since the CODCr concentrations in domestic sewage is usually lower than 300mg/L, the high concentration of rubbish infiltration will be diluted by the large amount of domestic sewage from the municipal sewage network and the CODcr concentration in the mixed water will not be higher than

500mg/L. The water quality in the mixed water still meets the requirement specified in Water Quality Standard for Sewage Drainage into the Municipal Sewage (CJ3082-1999) , and will not affect normal operation of the treating facility in Long Quan Wastewater Treatment Plant. (2) Drainage impact analysis of Guiliulu transfer Station Guiliulu transfer Station is close to Guiliu Road and the road outside the station will be revamped and equipped with drainage pipelines. By then the infiltration, the flushing wastewater and domestic sewage produced by the transfer station will be simply treated in the station, mixed with the water from the pipeline outside the station and finally drained into the wastewater treatment plant. According to Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component the collected wastewater in this area will go to Yanghe

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -78- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Wastewater Treatment Plant to be treated.

The construction of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant (1st phase) will be started in 2006 and be completed in 2008 while Guiliulu transfer Station will be put into operation by the end of 2006. So between 2006-2008 the wastewater drained into the municipal sewage network from Guiliulu transfer Station will not be ensured to be finally treated in the wastewater treatment

plant. Instead the sewage will be drained into Liujiang River via underground pipeline together with other sewages. In 2008 Yang He Wastewater Treatment Plant will be put into operation and

the wastewater will be simply treated in the station, drained into external sewages and finally be treated in the treatment plant before discharged.

(DDrainage impact analysis before Yang He Wastewater Treatment Plant is put into operation

According to the engineering result analysis before Yang He Wastewater Treatment Plant ( 15 phase) is put into operation in 2008 all of the rubbish infiltration, the flushing wastewater and domestic sewage produced in the transfer station do not meet the requirement

(CODcr<150mg/L, BOD5

the municipal drainage system not connected to the wastewater treatment plant specified in

Water Quality Standard for Sewage drainage into the Municipal Sewage (CJ3082-1999) . In the meantime the other type of wastewater drained into the pipeline is mainly domestic sewage, whose water quality exceeds the specification requirement as well, thus worsening the original pollution of Liu Jiang River.

(2)Drainage impact analysis after Yang He Wastewater Treatment Plant is put into operation

Yang He Wastewater Treatment Plant (1 5t phase) mainly serves the southeast part of the downtown, east district and Yanghe (Industrial) development Zone, which is administratively divided into Middle District and Yu Feng District of the city with the processing capacity of 125000 m3/d. The improved and combined process of A2/O+Intermittence type of chemical dephosphor has been adopted by the plant and the water is drained into Liu Jiang River.

After Yang He Wastewater Treatment Plant is put into operation the sewage drainage within the service scope will be conducted in accordance with the standard "Sewer System of the City Equipped with Wastewater Treatment Plant specified in Water Quality Standardfor Sewage

Dischargedinto City Sewer (CJ3082-1999) . That is to say CODcr<500mg/L, BOD5<300mg/L SS<400mg/L and ammonia nitrogen<35mg/L.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -79- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

According to the engineering analysis results the flushing wastewater and domestic sewage produced by Guiliulu transfer Station have met the standard "Sewer System of the City which is not equipped with a wastewater treatment plant CJ3082-1999, but the infiltrated contamination concentration produced in the rubbish transfer workshop is relatively high, which is against the standard specified in CJ3082-1999. Although the organic substance concentration in the rubbish infiltration is high, the high concentration of rubbish infiltration will be diluted by the large amount of domestic sewage from the municipal sewage network and the CODCr concentration in the mixed water will not be higher than 500mg/L. The water quality in the mixed water still meets the requirement specified in Water Quality Standard for Sewage Drainage into the Municipal Sewage (CJ3082-1999), and will not affect normal operation of the treating facility in Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant.

The above-mentioned content is summarized as follows: Before Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is put into operation in 2008 the wastewater discharged by Guiliulu transfer Station is untreated and drained directly into the Liu Jiang River, thus deteriorating the water quality of Liu Jiang River; After 2008 as Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is put into operation the wastewater discharged by the transfer station will be diluted by the large amount of domestic sewage and drained into the wastewater treatment plant. Normal operation of the processing facilities in the wastewater treatment plant will not be affected, the treatment will meet the standard and the water will be finally drained into Liu Jiang River.

6.3.3 Analysis of noise environment impact

(1) Fixed noise source impact O Noise pollution source intensity Refer to Table 2-3-4.

(©)Noise prediction formula Except transfer vehicles all other noise facility locations are fixed, so they can be regarded as fixed point source. * Mode for calculation of the sound level from the sound source to a point Attenuation formula of point sound source is adopted:

LA(r)= LA(ro)-201g(r/ro)

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -80- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Where: LA(r) Sound lever A (dB) from the sound source r; LA(ro) Sound lever A (dB) from the sound source ro; r, ro Distance (rm).

0 Superposed formula of sound pressure level at a point

LpP=loLog(1oLpIO± +10Lp2/11 ...... + lOIpnIQ )

Where: Lp ,-Total sound pressure level dB(A)after being superposed;

LPI-Sound pressure level dB(A) from the 1St sound source to a point; Lp2-Sound pressure level dB(A) from the 2nd sound source to a point; Lpn-Sound pressure level dB(A) from n sound source to a point.

From Table 2-3-4 we know that except the transfer vehicle all other noise source s are fixed indoor sound sources, which are mainly distributed in the transfer workshop, maintenance room and vehicle-washing room. These buildings are all airproof constructed with sound transmission loss calculated to be 2OdB(A). ®)Evaluation point arrangement

Four noise evaluation points have been arranged around Zhanggongling Transfer Station and Guiliulu transfer Station. Refer to Figure 2-2-3 and Figure 2-2-5. )Prediction results and evaluation

Noise prediction results within the plant boundary of the transfer stations are shown in Table 6-3-5.

Table 6-3-5 Instation noise prediction results (dB(A))

Serial No. 1 2 3 4 Evaluation East boundary South boundary West boundary North boundary point Zhanggongling Status value 62.3 58.6 56 53.7 Transfer Contribution 4. Station value 49.1 40.5 39.3 70 Prediction value 62.5 58.7 56.1 70.1 Evaluation East boundary South boundary West boundary North boundary point Guiliulu Status value 47.7 47.0 38.7 37.3 transfer Contribution Station value 38.5 37.9 50.8 67.5 Prediction value 48.2 47.5 51.1 67.5 From table 6-3-5 we know that except the north boundary the instation noise contribution values

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -81- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component of Zhangjialing Transfer Station are all lower than those requested by Class II daytime standards specified in Boundary Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises and the discharge can meet the requirement; The noise values of the residential area surrounding the transfer station (the south boundary) meet Class II daytime standards specified in Environment Noise Standards for City

Area (GB3096-93); Except the north boundary the instation noise contribution values of Guiliulu transfer Station are all lower than those requested by Class I daytime standards specified in Boundary Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90) and the discharge can meet the requirement; Prediction results show that the noise values of the north boundary in both Zhanggongling and Guiliulu transfer stations have exceeded the specification, and the main cause is that the transfer workshop of both stations are located close to the north boundary. However by such deployment the waste gas and noise discharged from the transfer workshop can have no impact on the protection objects at the south boundary. (2) Vehicle noise impact When traffic noise impact is predicted along the road, linear sound source mode is generally adopted, but since there is a small amount of freight flow inside the station the vehicle noise impact at an instant is more obvious. Therefore for this project the instant noise that is produced when rubbish transportation vehicles pass is selected as the noise source and point sound source attenuation mode is adopted to predict instant noise value produced when rubbish transportation vehicles pass the surrounding area.

The noise in the daytime 14m away from the vehicles is predicted to have exceeded the specification while at night the noise within 43m from the vehicles is predicted to have exceeded the specification. It should be pointed out that the noise absorption and barrier effect resulting from the construction buildings and plantation have not been taken into consideration, so the prediction value is the maximum value of traffic noise impact. Since the rubbish transportation vehicles passing into the transfer station will affect the inhabitants living adjacent to the south boundary, it is suggested that the rubbish transportation vehicles change the route and enter the transfer station through the north side so as to reduce the sever traffic noise impact on the residents living along the road. Since there are relatively much less protection objects surrounding Guiliu Road and they are far from transportation road of the transfer station, the vehicle noise will have little impact on the protection objects.

-82- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 6.3.4 Analysis of solid waste impact

Solid wastes mainly come from the domestic and working rubbish produced by working personnel of the transfer station. The main rubbish components are divided into plastics, paper, abandoned packing material and garbage, among which waste paper and plastics amount to approximately 8% and can be recycled for reuse while other solid wastes shall be cleaned in time. After the two solid waste transfer station are completed, domestic rubbish output will be

5.09t/a, among which the domestic rubbish output from Zhanggongling Transfer Station will be 2.61t, and that from Guiliulu transfer Station 2.48t.

In order to reduce the rubbish impact on the instation environment the instation rubbish shall be collected in time and shall not be abandoned at will so as to avoid impact on instation environment. In addition domestic rubbish shall be divided and collected, especially those wastes such as batteries, which are difficult to be disposed. They shall be collected, cleaned in time and managed centrally.

The domestic rubbish produced in the transfer station will be compressed in the transfer workshop together with the rubbish produced in the city zone and finally transferred to Lichonggou landfill to undergo innocent treatment.

6.3.5 Environment sanitation conditions

Nearby residents often complain about the deteriorated sanitation conditions such as the increase of mosquitoes, flies, insects and rats, especially in summer, when flies will come with the increased vegetables and fruits. After drugs are spread, the flies will be reduced obviously, but in several days they will come back as they sued to do.

In order to prevent the instation area from becoming a breeding place for flies and germs, the instation area, transportation vehicles and neighboring area shall be spread with drugs; Biological germs shall be used to treat flies and bacteria with the light and liquid disinfection system; mechanical equipment and jobsite shall be cleaned, washed and disinfected everyday without attached dirt and infiltration. A drug-spraying truck shall be equipped for this project. It is suggested that drugs be spread all the year round in and outside the station and fly-trapping facility placed for a long term.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -83 - Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 6.3.6 Analysis of final rubbish disposal

Having been compressed in the transfer station, domestic rubbish will be transferred to Lichonggou rubbish landfill and the transportation route is shown in Figure 2-2-2. Lichonggou rubbish landfill was completed in 1996 with the designed daily processing capacity of 600t. The annual capacity-increasing rate is 5%, and when this waste transfer station project is completed in 2007, the daily processing capacity of the landfill will reach 1078t/d. As the result the landfill will be able to treat the rubbish transported from the two stations.

Waste gas, wastewater, noise and sludge will be produced in the process of rubbish landfill, and the adopted measures to prevent pollution is shown in Table 3-3-3. The table shows that the contamination discharge during the rubbish transportation from the transfer station to the landfill can meet specification requirement. The secondary pollution can be prevented with little impact on the environment.

6.4 Analysis of traffic transportation impact

The evaluation analysis mainly focuses on the environment impact of rubbish-collecting vehicles and transferring vehicles passing the main roads.

(1) Analysis of atmospheric environment impact

Traffic transportation impact on the atmosphere mainly results from H2 S NH3 and flying dust discharged by small-scale rubbish-collecting trucks and large-scale rubbish-transferring vehicles.

H2S and NH3 mainly come from the rubbish loaded in the vehicles and splashed along the road, and the infiltration liquid; flying dust mainly comes from the rubbish transferred by the trucks and splashed along the road as well as the road surface dirt. Since the new rubbish-collecting trucks and the transferring vehicles are airproof type without any rubbish exposed, there will be no H2S, NH3 and flying dust; Further more all of the vehicles will be equipped with waste filtration collection apparatus and there will be no infiltration

splashed along the road without H2S and NH3. The existing rubbish-collecting trucks in Liu Shout City are either equipped without air-proof apparatus or with poor -quality airproof apparatus. After this project is executed, the vehicles will be replaced with new ones.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -84- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (2) Analysis of noise environment impact

Analysis in Section 2.3.2 shows the statistics of the vehicles coming into and leaving the transfer station each day (Table 6-4-1).

Table6-4- 1 Statistics of the vehicles coming into and leaving the transfer station Flow rate of rubbish-collecting Flow rate of rubbish-transferring Name of the transfer station vehicles coming into and leaving vehicles coming into and leaving the transfer station (vehicle/d) the transfer station (vehicle/d) Zhanggongling 278 64 Guiliu Road 250 58 The increase in vehicle flow rate will change the traffic noise from the external Hangling Road outside Zhanggongling Transfer Station and the external Guiliu Road outside Guiliulu transfer Station. By this evaluation the noise contribution values resulting from the increased vehicle flow rate will be predicted.

(DPrediction mode

The prediction shall be conducted in accordance with Environment Evaluation Criterion for Highway Construction Projects (JTJ 005-96) issued by Ministry of Communications regarding noise model and algorithm.

* For Model i vehicles driven in the day or at night the following formula shall be used to calculate the traffic noise value received by a prediction point hourly:

(LAeq)l =iLW +lOlg T -ALYEA +ALA +ALi-13

Where:

(LAeq)i---- For Model i vehicles driven in the day or at night , the traffic noise value received by a prediction point hourly, dB;

Lw ---- Average radiation sound level for Model I vehicles, equal to Sound Level A at 7.5m, dB;

Ni ---- Average hourly traffic flow rate for Model I vehicles in the day or at night, vehicle/h;

Vi --- Average driving speed for Model I vehicles, km/h;

T ---- LAeqprediction time, lh;

AL w,----Distance attenuation at the prediction point whose noise equivalent driving

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -85- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component distance is r for Model I vehicles driven in the day or at night, dB;

A L ox----Traffic noise modification caused by the vertical slope, dB;

A L r ---- Traffic noise modification caused by road surface, dB.

0 For various vehicles driven in the day or at night the following formula shall be used to calculate the traffic noise value received by a prediction point hourly:

(LAeq?)~z = IOIg[10100O(LA,,)L +lo0l(LA,,)M +1oO1(LA.,)S -AL, -AL ...... (5.3.1-2)

Where:

(LAeq)L, (LAeq)M. (LAeq)S---Traffic noise value received by a prediction point for large, medium and small vehicles respectively, dB;

(LAeq)EZ-- traffic noise value received by a prediction point in the day or at

night, dB; AL, ---- Traffic noise modification caused by highway curves or limited

road section, dB;

A L2---- Traffic noise modification caused by the barrier between the highway and prediction points, dB;

Such modifications as A Li and A L2 will not be taken into consideration for this project and various parameters shall be selected in accordance with JTJ 005-96.

(O)Prediction results and analysis Noise prediction results from the rubbish-transferring vehicles to different distances on the Guiliu Road central line are shown in Table 6-4-2.

Table 6-4-2 Noise prediction results from the rubbish-transferring vehicles to different distances on the Guiliu Road central line Prediction Distance from the Noise value Prediction Distance from the Noise value Serial No. ad central line (m) (dB(A)) Serial No. ad central line (m) (dB(A)) 1 15 61.5 5 35 54.3 2 20 59.0 6 40 53.3 3 25 57.1 7 45 52.3 4 30 55.6 8 50 51.5 The table shows that since the rubbish transportation vehicle flow rate is increased, the noise value at the 15m point from the Guiliu Road central line is 61.5dB(A), which is in accordance with Class IV standard specified in GB3096-93 (7OdB(A)) . In the meantime since Guiliu Road

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -86- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component will be revamped and by then the road will be broadened with better road conditions, traffic noise impact will be reduced. Therefore the construction of the transfer stations will not bring much change to the traffic noise of Guiliu Road and will have little impact on sound environment on both sides of the road.

Since the increased vehicle flow rate in Hangling Road is similar to that in Guiliu Road, the noise prediction results at different distances from Hangling Road central line are the same as those for Guiliu Road and respect prediction will not be conducted. Construction of the transfer stations will not bring much change to the traffic noise of Hangling Road and will have little impact on sound environment on both sides of the road. (3) Analysis of traffic impact

According to Environment Quality Report of Liuzhou City, Guangxi (2003) the vehicle flow rate within the city is between 368-6540vehicles/h with the average 2580 vehicles /h. After the project is completed the flow rate in Hangling and Guiliu roads will be increased in a small amount and they are respectively 43 flow rate /h and 40 flow rate /h without much change to the

vehicles flow rate. Furthermore since Guiliu Road and Hangling Road will be revanmped and by then the road will be broadened with better road conditions, traffic noise impact will be reduced.

Therefore after construction of the transfer stations is completed the incoming and leaving rubbish transportation vehicles will not result in traffic jam or blockage in the district.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -87- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

7. Environment protection measures

This project aims at improving the sanitation conditions in Liuzhou and will play an important role in enabling the sanitation work of Liuzhou to meet the program requirement. However the gas, wastewater, noise and solid wastes produced in the process of the project execution and operation will bring some negative impacts on environment, so necessary measures shall be taken for prevention and cure.

7.1Environment protection measures during construction phase

7.1. lEnvironmental air pollution prevention measures

Main atmospheric contaminations produced during construction phase are flying dust resulting from the construction. The following environment protection measures shall be taken in construction: ( 1 ) At least the jobsite ground will be sprinkled with water twice a day so as to prevent flying dust. Under windy conditions more water will be sprinkled by more times; (2) When transportation vehicles go into the jobsite, their speed shall be lowered or limited so as to reduce dust amount. The transportation channel inside the jobsite shall be cleaned and washed in time so as to reduce the flying dust caused by driving vehicles; (3) when the material which is easy to produce dust such as dry cement is transported, air-tight vehicles shall be used and delivered to the warehouse through air-tight system without being stored in the open; All of the dusty materials delivered to or from the jobsite shall be covered with canvas.

7.1.2Noise pollution prevention measures

Since the jobsite noise will have a relatively great impact on environment, noise prevention measures must be taken so as to control noise in construction phase, meet the requirement specified in Noise Limit Value for Construction Jobsite (GB 12523-90) and reduce noise impact on environment to the maximum degree. Concrete measures are as follows: (D Reasonable arrangement of construction time

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -88- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component When the construction plan is made, consideration shall be taken so as to avoid several high

noise equipments working at the same time. In addition efforts shall be made to arrange the high noise construction in the daytime instead of at night. ( Reasonable deployment of construction jobsite

Avoid deploying a large amount of motive power machines at the same place so as to prevent the sound level at a local place from exceeding the limit. (M Reduce the equipment sound level

When equipment is selected, the low noise ones shall be adopted. For instance hydraulic pressure machinery can be chosen to replace fuel-burning ones and use high-frequency

oscillator; Routine maintenance shall be conducted since the vibration of machinery parts or the damage of muffles will increase the working noise level.

Idle equipment shall be shut down immediately and vehicles reduce speed and horn sound when coming into the jobsite.

(A) Reduce artificial noise

Operate the mechanical machines in accordance with he regulations.

When templates and brackets are dismantled, comply with the operation rules and avoid collision noise.

Avoid using whistles, bells and flutes to command the exercise. Use modern equipment instead. (®) Set up temporary sound barriers

Try to put the mechanical machines inside the hut and fix their positions for operation. When impossible to do so, set up a single side sound barrier.

Apart form the above mentioned noise prevention measures construction companies shall establish a good relationship with the neighboring community. If construction operation disturbs inhabitants, inform them in advance and let them know about the construction schedule and measures to reduce noise so as to be understood by the public. Affected residents and units shall be compensated. Apart from that a hot line shall be connected to handle complaints and conduct active treatment.

7.1.3Water pollution prevention measures

Since most jobsites are located in the city area, the wastewater from the jobsites will be drained

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -89- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component into the surrounding municipal sewer line. If no sewer line is available in the suburbs such as in Guiliulu transfer Station, waterless toilets shall be installed. Domestic sewage shall be collected routinely and transferred outside, which may be used as farmland fertilizer or for vegetation planting.

7.1.4Solid waste pollution prevention measures

Temporary rubbish-collecting station shall be installed in construction site ; Domestic rubbish can be transferred by the transferring trucks to the rubbish landfill for sanitary landfill or to the nearby rubbish-collecting place to be transported with other domestic rubbish for sanitary landfill. In construction phase construction companies shall collect the construction wastes and domestic rubbish and remove them in time.

7.2 Environment protection measures during operation phase

7.2.1 Protection measures of public toilet environment

( 1 ) Install fly-proofing and rat-proofing facilities in the public toilets, place deodorizer and install mechanical ventilation device when necessary;

(2) Public toilets shall be cleaned at lease three times a day and use a mop or duster to clean the dirt and deposited water on the floor and wall surface; In summer chemical agent for disinfection shall be sprinkled once a week and in other seasons once every half a month;

(3) Stop suing the damaged sanitary ware and maintain it in time. Ensure that the sanitary ware functions normally. (4) Design the greenbelt in the open ground surrounding the toilet. (5) All of the public toilets shall be in accordance with Class I Water-flushing type standards specified in Sanitation Standards for City Public Toilets (GB/T 17217-1998)

7.2.2Environment protection measures for rubbish-collecting stations.

(1 ) After using it, clean the ash bin once a day and keep the bin clean both inside and outside free of infiltration residual; (2) After the rubbish is loaded, clean the collection station immediately to see that there is

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -90- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component no rubbish both in and outside the station;

(3) Install fly-proof and rat-proof facilities in the collection station;

(4) In summer chemical agent for disinfection shall be sprinkled once a week; When necessary, sprinkle deodorizer to remove malodor;

(5) Rubbish separation by man in the neighborhood of the rubbish collection station or piling up the rubbish in the open is prohibited.

(6) Design the greenbelt surrounding the rubbish collection station.

7.2.3 Environment protection measures for rubbish-transfer station

( 1 ) Atmospheric pollution prevention measures for solid waste transfer station

Two solid waste transfer stations will be built and after they are completed, the whole process of

waste pouring and compression will be conducted in the air-proof workshop. The resulting waste gas will be adsorbed and cleaned via dust-removal system and the biological filtration pool with little impact on the environment. The following measures will be adopted to prevent waste gas pollution:

(D Air hanging curtain will be installed at the rubbish-unloading inlet so as to prevent malodor and dust from spreading outside.

X Install spraying dust-removal device above the unloading silo.

(I Strengthen the ventilation in the workshop and the waste gas is discharged via ventilation system into the biological filtration pool.

(A) Set up a purification tower to further remove the dust in the waste gas and absorb some H2S and NH3. The dust-removed waste gas is discharged into the biological filtration pool.

(5) Such contaminations as H2 S , NH3 and malodor from the waste gas is adsorbed and

3 purified in the biological filtration pool with purified NH3 concentration

(© Strengthen the infiltration management and collect the infiltration in time. Be sure to clean the equipment and workshop at lease once a day. Spray disinfection liquid and malodor inhibitor. The infiltration liquid shall be operated with standardized management so as to reduce malodor. ) Keep the rubbish-transportation vehicle clean and large scale trucks shall be cleaned at least once a week and the vehicle body shall be free of any rubbish attachment; Small-scale vehicles

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -91- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component are to be cleaned once a day and there shall be no residual rubbish and infiltration liquid with a clean vehicle surface. The malodor of this project mainly results from the rubbish pouring and compression in the transfer workshop. Two completely enclosed enclosed-type of solid waste transfer stations have been designed for this project and waste gas will be filtrated in the biological filtration pool and then discharged. The process of the biological filtration pool is as follows:

The biological filtration pool can be used as a purifying unit to remove the malodor contaminations in the waste gas. The installation cost of the biological filtration pool is usually lower than that of other malodor control measures and the operation/maintenance cost is also far lower than that of other control measures.

The working principle is as follows: Having been collected in air exhaust system, the waste gas is transferred into the biological filtration pool. The biological filtration pool is filled with filtration medium, which is a mixture of materials including bark, saw dust, stones, shell pieces, dirt and sand etc. The gas equally passes the filtration medium via the pipeline, which has many orifices on it and has been laid under the layer of hardpan. When gas passes through the medium, malodor contaminations will be removed biologically, chemically and physically in the process.

In the pool there is a huge group of microbial population, which can oxidize the carbon and nitrogen in the contamination and sulfurize them into inodorous carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfate and water. The pool can also remove the malodor through adsorption and absorption.

Adsorption means malodor, aerosol and micro particles concentrated on the surface of the medium particles. Absorption means malodor dissolved on the moisture surface of the medium particles. Based on the concrete conditions of this project either Zhanggongling or Guiliulu transfer Station will be equipped with a set of malodor and dust removal system. Each system has the waste gas volume of 12000m3 /h. From the prediction results in Section 6.3.1we know that if the waste gas from the transfer station is not treated at all, it will cause sever malodor pollution to neighboring protection

objects. After the above-mention measures are taken the concentration of H2S and NH3 at the surrounding environment protection objects can meet the primary highest allowable

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -92- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component concentration value specified in Sanitary Standards for Industrial Enterprise Design

(TJ36-79) . However the H2S concentration at the north boundary has exceeded the primary highest allowable value specified for residential area and the sanitary protection scope has exceeded the land acquisition range of the transfer station ( exceeds the north boundary).

Therefore the waste gas from the transfer station will have a relatively great impact on the residential areas outside the north boundary.

(2) Water pollution prevention measures JInfiltration liquid pollution prevention measures a. Pre-treatment

In order to alleviate the processing load for wastewater treatment and facilitate control of drainage volume and water quality the collected rubbish infiltration shall be first drained into the infiltration adjustment pool for primary adjustment and deposition, then discharged routinely into the underground pipelines. b. Strengthen rubbish collection management and separation work

As people's living standard is being improved the recycle elements in the rubbish is obviously increased. Therefore rubbish collection management shall be strengthened and rubbish shall be put into bags and collected according to their different components. In this way the recoverable wastes will be greatly reduced and so will be the contamination concentration in the rubbish infiltration liquid. c. Strengthen job management The temporary rubbish piling shall be located inside the workshop and rubbish piling in the open shall be prohibited so as to prevent infiltration liquid increase due to rainwater dropping into the rubbish. (©Measures to prevent domestic sewage and production wastewater

Main contaminations in domestic sewage are SS, CODcr, BOD5 and ammonia nitrogen while production wastewater mainly comes from the workshop floor and flushing water to wash the equipment and vehicles with SS, CODcr, BOD5 as main contaminations. Domestic sewage and production wastewater are simply pretreated and can reach the standard "Sewer System of the City Equipped with Wastewater Treatment Plant specified in Water Quality Standardfor Sewage Discharged into City Sewer (CJ3082-1999) . The domestic sewage

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -93- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component for this project will be treated in cesspool and production wastewater deposited in deposition tank. Then they are discharged into city wastewater pipeline network and finally discharged into the wastewater treatment plant.

(®3Measuresto prevent rainwater and sludge Set up rainwater collection system to collect the rainwater inside the jobsite and discharge it via rainwater pipelines directly into city rainwater pipeline network.

The infiltration adjustment pool, cesspool and deposition tank shall be regularly cleaned and the sludge transported by special vehicles to be centrally treated for landfill. (3) Measures to prevent noise pollutions

(DMeasures to prevent production noise The low noise equipment shall be selected as much as possible; Put the high noise equipment inside the workshop and sound absorption and separation materials shall be selected in construction design; Sound damping devices shall be installed at the equipment entrance; Vehicles I of low-noise, low vibration and good structure shall be adopted; Transfer workshop, maintenance workshop and mechanic workshop shall be designed with the cased type so as to reduce noise impact on surrounding environment. After the above measures are taken, the noise peak in the job center will be controlled below 80dB, and the noise surrounding the transfer station in the day will be lower than 55dB, thus meeting the requirement specified in Boundary Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises.

(t)Measures to prevent traffic noise Since vegetation will absorb and isolate noise, some vegetation shall be planted on both sides of the road; When passing the residential area, vehicles shall slow down the driving speed so as to reduce noise impact. According to the prediction the rubbish transportation vehicles passing into the transfer station will affect the inhabitants living adjacent to the south boundary, so it is suggested that the rubbish transportation vehicles change the route and enter the transfer station through the north side so as to reduce the sever traffic noise impact on the residents living along the road.

(4) Measures to prevent solid waste pollution In order to reduce the rubbish impact on the instation environment the instation rubbish shall be collected in time and shall not be abandoned at will so as to avoid impact on instation

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -94- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component environment. In addition domestic rubbish shall be divided and collected, especially those wastes such as batteries, which are difficult to be disposed. They shall be collected, cleaned in time and managed centrally.

The domestic rubbish produced in the transfer station will be compressed in the transfer

workshop together with the rubbish produced in the city zone and finally transferred to Lichonggou landfill to undergo innocent treatment.

(5 ) Environment sanitation measures

In order to prevent the instation area from becoming a breeding place for flies and germs, the instation area, transportation vehicles and neighboring area shall be spread with drugs; Biological germs shall be used to treat flies and bacteria with the light and liquid disinfection system; mechanical equipment and jobsite shall be cleaned, washed and disinfected everyday without attached dirt and infiltration. A drug-spraying truck shall be equipped for this project. Drugs shall be spread all the year round in and outside the station and mosquitoes and fly trapping facility placed for a long term.

Cleaning vehicles shall be purchased so as to clean and wash the roads both in and outside the transfer station.

(6) Summary

The above contents are summarized as follows: Although corresponding measures have been adopted for the waste gas, wastewater noise and transportation vehicles, the following issues still remain to be solved:

(DThe open space to the north of Zhanggongling Transfer Station has been purchased by a real estate company for the purpose of real estate construction. But Section 6.3.1 and 6.3.3 shows that the H2S concentration at the north boundary of the transfer station does not meet the specification specified by TJ36-79. Therefore Zhanggongling Transfer Station will have a relatively great impact on the new residential area outside the north boundary.

(®)Sections 11.3.1-11.4.2 show that based on public involvement investigation most people are against the transfer station construction in Zhanggongling.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -95- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

As the result we suggest that the transfer station construction in Zhanggongling be changed to another place. Before the new station is selected and constructed, the domestic rubbish in the service area of Zhanggongling Transfer Station will be collected by rubbish-collecting trucks and directly transported to Lichonggou rubbish landfill. But the existing transportation vehicles in Liuzhou City and the newly added vehicles for this project will not meet the demand by Lichonggou. So on the basis of consultation with construction companies and design companies, it is advised to buy some waste transportation vehicles as Environmental Sanitation Vehicle to enhance waste transportation capacity by using of loans from the Bank. This is a solution to substitute the previous MSW management system before Solid Waste Transfer Stations are built, see 8.3.5 for detail. Recently the newly added vehicle will transport the domestic rubbish in the service area of Zhanggongling Transfer Station and directly transfer the rubbish into Lichonggou rubbish landfill; After the newly-selected transfer station is built, these vehicles will serve the new solid waste transfer station.

7.2.4measures to protect sanitation vehicle environment

More greenbelts shall be designed along the city roads, especially the sections with residents living on both side so as to increase sound absorption and dust inhabitation effects; In the mean time civilized driving shall be implemented, and when vehicles shall slow down the driving speed so as to reduce noise and dust impact.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -96- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

8. Comparison and selection of programs

8.1 Solution to MSW management system

The present Liuzhou landfill will be filled due to end of life, new Lichonggou landfill has been built and will be put into operation soon. The new landfill is about 20km away from center of the city, much far than before. The waste transportation capacity must be enhanced.

Divide Liuzhou into several areas, set a Solid Waste Transfer Station for each area, (see Fig. 8-1-1), there are 4 solutions:

Solution one: Liuzhou as one area, one transfer station is set;

Solution two: Divide Liuzhou into two areas, one transfer station for each area; Solution three: Divide Liuzhou into three areas, one transfer station for each area; Solution four: Divide Liuzhou into four areas, one transfer station for each area.

l \ A A C 1A A

Solution One Solution Two Solution Three Solution Four

Fig. 8-1-1 Layout of areas in each solution

Analyze and compare in respect of technical feasibility, economic feasibility and social feasibility, giving result as Table 8-1-1.

Seen from the table, there are advantages and disadvantages in each solution, and Solution Three is the best one and it is selected for the project. Based on Solution Three, Liuzhou shall be divided into three areas: Liubei and Liuzhong are of one area, and a transfer station is set along Guiliu Road; Liunan, Liutie and Liujiang County are of one area, a transfer station is set at Zhanggongling; Take Yufeng as one area, its waste is delivered to the landfill directly.

Sin-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -97- i

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I Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Table 8-1-1 Compare of solution to Collecting/Transporting system

No. Item Solution One Solution Two Solution Three Solution Four Waste of Area A and B is Waste of Area A, B and D is Waste of Area A is transferred transferred transferred Construction of area transfer All waste is directly 1 station transported Waste of Area B is directly Waste of Area C is directly Waste of Area C is directly transported transported transported

2 Technical feasibility Feasible Feasible Feasible Feasible 3 Economic feasibility 24.24 million Yuan/year 23.25 million Yuan/year 18.16 million Yuan/year 18.98 million Yuan/year Land of Area B is near More vehicles needed, More vehicles needed, Land of Area B is near residential area 4 Social feasibility Difficult to control Difficult to control pollution residential area Land acquisition for Area D is pollution difficult

5 Conclusion Unsuitable consideration Best solution Substitute solution

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I Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

8.2 Garbage collection station

Garbage container will be proposed for collection. By manual gathering into the container with plastic bag for sealing and storage in the collection station, garbage will be carried away by truck each day. The collection method has the following advantages:

( Flexible management for free input of garbage by resistance or door gate collection by special staff .

(2) The intensity of collection workers are greatly reduced and providing people with necessary resting place for higher work efficiency and better service quality to the residence .

O)Negative sides of garbage can be effectively be diminished with special management, cleaning and maintenance.

(!)Regular opening time can reduce the influence over environment to the minimum . @Promotion for category collection of garbage.

8.3 Solid waste transfer station

8.3.1 Feasibility of location selection

( 1 ) Zhanggongling transfer station The transfer station is located at South West of Liuzhou city by 5km to the Liujiang, 18km to the immediate Lichonggou landfill, and providing service mainly to the Liunan area, Liutie and Liujiang at the south west of Liuzhou.

(©)The transfer station will take an area of 31306m2, sufficient for the project . The selection of location is satisfactory to the requirement of overall planning and land use program <>.

(®)The existing land is the abandoned garbage fertilizer yard having some garbage in poor environmental conditions . The environmental condition in the area can be greatly improved by the new type all sealing transfer station to be built. (®)The average distance from the transportation to this service districts is 5 km , 18km to the Lichonggou landfill, which distance is relatively short with low transportation costs for economic feasibility.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -99- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (A)Residential area and school is south to the site; the north land has been planned for estate development. Known from 6.3.1 and 6.3.3, H2S concentration and noise in north factory of transfer station exceed the figures, the sanitation protection area of the biological filter overruns north factory, and exhaust gas from the transfer station will lay serious effect on the planned residential area; So we advise to select another site for Zhanggongling Solid Waste Transfer Stations. (2) Guiliulu transfer station Located by the road side east of Liuzhou city (between west of Jinglan transformer station and Liuzhou military target yard in the east), the distance to Lichonggou landfill is 18km, providing service mainly for Liunan area, Liutie and Liujiang at the south west of Liuzhou. OThe transfer station will occupy an area of 28000m2 , sufficient to for the short term and the long-term construction phase. The selection of location has been approved by Liuzhou planning department . Further COORDINATION with the planning and the Land Department shall be required since the land is basic protective farm land; (The land to be occupied is the existing sugar cane farm in good conditions; (®The average distance from the transportation to this service districts is 7 km , 18km to the Lichonggou landfill, which distance is relatively short with low transportation costs for economic feasibility. J)South of the location is Jinglan transformer station and to the south some residence of Jinglan village situated leeward of the dominant summer wind. (5)Power, water and drainage are guaranteed in the plant area. (BClose to the urban road with convenient traffic in east, conditions for building works is good. As stated above, the selection of Guiliulu transfer station is feasible .

8.3.2 Reasonability of layout

( 1 ) Zhanggongling transfer station The transfer station will be divided into three parts. The north east part is the front including access road, office building, loadometer house, washing platform and green land; the middle part is for production area with transfer workshop, located north of the plant area and far from the residence , kindergarten and school in the south; The south west is preserved land for future

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -100- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component development . The overall arrangement is reasonably divided in south north direction with sufficient green land and sanitary conditions. (2) Guiliulu transfer station

The transfer station will be divided into three parts. The north east part is the front including

access road, office building, loadometer house, washing platform and green land; the middle part is for production area with transfer workshop, located north of the plant area and far from the residence of Jinglan village in the south in that waste and noise are greatly reduced in leeward wind direction. The south west is preserved land for future development. The overall arrangement is reasonably divided in south north direction with sufficient green land and sanitary conditions.

8.3.3Proposed program for filtrate of garbage

The filtrate of garbage is mainly the squeezed liquid from the transfer workshop, having different features to the urban sewage: high concentration of organic pollutants

(COD20000-60000mg/L, BOD10000-40000mg/L), great changes in water quality, high content of ammonia nitrogen and unbalanced microbe elements. The amount of filtrate is greatly influenced by the water content in garbage and posing a major difficulty in sewage treatment. *Program I: filtrate treatment station in the station

The current major process for filtrate treatment both domestic and overseas are as follows anaerobic- bio method, aerobic-bio method and membrane method (super filtration-nanometer and counter-penetration). Table 8-2-1 is to be referred to for the above processes.

Table 8-2-1 Comparison of some of the filtrate treatment process

Description Major application Main features

Low cost operation but hard to meet Anaerobic High concentration Bio-method standard Aerobic Medium to low conc. Low cost operation Major All sewage treatment, industrial Equal to bio-method in unit cost with stable process Super-nano fields (pharmacy) outlet to standard by 90%, cod- iSOmg/l Membrane Counter Sewage treatment, industrial Equal to bio-method in unit cost with stable pene. application and military outlet to standard by 75%, cod • 60mg/I

Bio-method is relatively economic with the low treatment cost. The disadvantage is that filtrate quality changes greatly and bio-method may not be able to deal with different situations.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -101- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Another factor is that it is sensitive for to temperature changes and warming up is required for winter operation to guarantee that microbe has sufficient activity. Also the this treatment method cannot meet higher outlet requirement In comparison to bio-method, membrane treatment will not be subjected to changes in water quality with stable outlet water. The method is widely used abroad for field treat treatment. The membrane used for the populace is a macromolecule material acting by pressure difference to separate filtrate, which process is called separation by membrane. The feature is that, different to traditional filters, separation is down within the molecule being a physical process without changes to posture. The thicknes of membrance is of micron level and in division of mcro-, super-, nano and counter penetration. Organic and non organic type will be formed according to materil. Table -2-1 indicate in a simple way of 4 different process of separation in 4 apertures Counter penetration process takes the advantage of counter penetration phenomena by applying certain pressure at one side of liquid to realize selected separation of pollutants in the sewage water (COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and heavy metal particles).

\ \ \ \ ~~~~~~~~Susp.solid

Micro- (MF) >0.1ltm

protein Super- (UF) O.l-O.Olpm or equal molecule] weight 1000-300000 Micro, COD, BOD, HM \ \ \ p$ti~~~~cle Nano- (NF) interception of molecule] \\ tide below 200 1 \ \ ~~~~Abio-salt Counter pene. (RO) all the suspension, \bosl diss.medium and salt

Water

Figure 8-2-1 4 separation process by different apertures

Filtrate generated by the newly built transferred workshop will be treated and discharged to the

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -102- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component and the ground pipelines meeting the requirement set out in <> (CJ3082-1999) , COD•500mg/L; so the outlet water quality shall be CODS 500mg/L, using super-nano-treatment. While the construction of sewage treatment plant will increase investment and land occupation; the operational management and maintenance is quite complex in that the construction and operation cost of relatively higher.

* Program II: treated by the underground settlement tank for direct discharge into the urban sewage pipeline The above program is the one to be selected. The program will safe investment, taking less land, avoiding odor from pollutants and saving construction and operational costs. The feasibility study shall be referred to Chapter One in Influence of water environment and mitigation measures

The program can be optimum one in comparison of the above stated programs in terms of the economy, construction and the operation costs as well as technically feasible.

8.3.4 Overall statement of waste gas treatment

( 1 ) Powder

Table 8-2-2 is to be referred to for types and functions of dust removal devices

3 grade program is relatively reasonable consideration of the features in powder generation and containing ammonia, sulfurated hydrogen. Spraying of water is firstly applied for dust removal; weigh removal as the secondary step in the air duct and the third step by filling raising. The program will avoid erosion to the dust removal equipment by pollutant in the waste gas.

8.3.5 Substitute solution

Known from 6.3.1, 6.3.3 and 11.3.1-11.4.2, although measures against gas, wastewater and noise are taken for Zhanggongling transfer station, there are still following problems:

(DH2S concentration and noise in north factory of transfer station exceed the figures, the sanitation protection area of the biological filter overruns north factory, and exhaust gas from the transfer station will lay serious effect on the planned residential area. OThe noise from waste transportation vehicle in/out lays serious effect on the resident south of

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -103- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

Zhanggongling Factory.

®E)The local people oppose the construction of Solid Waste Transfer Stations in Zhanggongling.

So, we suggest selecting another site for Zhanggongling Solid Waste Transfer Station. Yet it is a long time for plan and design of the selection, and at present there are not enough waste transportation vehicles to directly transport the waste herein to Lichonggou landfill. So, it is advised to buy some waste transportation vehicles as Environmental Sanitation Vehicle to enlarge waste transportation capacity by using of loans from the Bank. This is a solution to substitute the previous MSW management system before the Solid Waste Transfer Station is built, see Table 8-3-4 for the items of substitute solution and previous solution.

Table 8-3-4 List of solution to Solid Waste Transfer Stations Item Previous solution Substitute solution Solid waste collection 42 (The same) station New Zhanggongling transfer Solid waste station, daily capacity 500t; New Guiliu Road transfer station, daily transfer station Guiliu Road transfer station, daily capacity 450t. capacity 450t. Transfer Solid aste 8 new St city waste transportation 8 St and 18 10t new city waste station w vehicles; 20 new Sm waste transportation vehicles respectively; 20 collection collection vehicles for residential new Sm3 waste collection vehicles for vehicles areas. residential area. Sprinkling S (The same) truck______Street sweeper 10 (The same) Other vehicles 11 (The same) In the substitute solution, the waste in Liuzhong and Liubei area will be delivered to Guiliu Road transfer station at first. Except for present 18 waste transportation vehicles ( of which 6 Back-load Garbage Trucks, 5

Automatic Garbage Trucks, 7 Multi-function Trunks), 8 new( 1 for standby )St trunks are needed for 4 times of transportation per day/trunk on average; Waste in Liunan area and Yufeng area is directly delivered to the landfill, except for present 22 waste transportation vehicles (of which 10 Back-load Garbage Trucks, 6

Automatic Garbage Trucks, 6 Multi-function Trunks), 18 new (2 for standby) 10t trunks are needed for 3 times of transportation per day/trunk on average.

Lichong Road near Lichonggou landfill, constructed for Lichonggou landfill and Honghua Hydro dam, is of

Class 3 of Pingyuan Weiqu and has been put into operation. Lichong Road is about 7km long and 7m wide, with max designed traffic flow of 4000 per day (compromised according to middle size car) , the practical

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection -104- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component traffic flow is 1500 per day at present.

In case the substitute solution is taken, the additional traffic flow of Lichong Road resulted from direct transportation and transfer from transfer station is 29 per hour and 8 per hour respectively, and only 37 per hour in total. So in case of substitute solution, the growth of traffic flow will not result in traffic jam.

In conclusion, the substitute solution is suggested. We hope the design unit can calculate the corresponding investment as soon as possible.

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Table 8-2-2 Types and functions of different dust removing devices

3 3 Loss of Power consumption (kw/(10 m Type Features Major function Grain separation(pm) Rate of Remark resistance(nsnhg) *min) ) removal(%) Dust containing flow introduced Weight Settlement chamber >50 Lower Lower and particles settled by weight Direction of particles changed by Roty Devices holding smaller area sudden blocking and large Impary >15 <100 Medium settldintsmber Inertia .Impact than settlement chamber parficles separate Heavy duty: Heavy duty: 40- . . . ~~~~~Tangent >10 100-200 75 Separation by centrifugal force in Tanger >10duty: 75 Often used for first step before Centrifugal rttomve ntSpin air remover Light duty: 35-70 Light duty:elcralobg rotation movementelcralobg Axis multi-pipe remover >5 60&-120 75-95 >3 50-250 -95 Particles in the air removed by By filling -200 1.Not suitable for dry and washing >305090valuable and water action Washing material By spraying 20-70 2. Difficult in water removal Particles removed by filtration Bag: cylinder: flat board: >0.1 50-200 15--65 -99 I. Not used for high temp.wet Filtraton .ang: gas vib.impact 2. Temp.for filtration cloth<100 counter blow CC,glass fiber can reach 300 C pulse Sand filtration >0.5 130-180 20-70 _98 Particles are electrified by high Dry, semi-wet and wet 1.High rate of removal, in Electrical voltage current and settle on the Horizontal and vertical by 0.1-20 5--20 20-60 -93 particular to dust below I pm collection pole mag. Filed setting 2. Higher investment in equipment Particles become thickened by Sound wave sound wave and separated in rotary >10 100-150 35-50 60-90 cylinder

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It will effectively remove particles in the gas and some H2S and NH 3.

While the secondary step by weight method will take large area and being low in Efficiency,

we propose that the initial method be adopted in the program in that less occupation of land and higher rate of removal.

(2) Garbage odor

Table 8-2-3 is to be referred to for treatment of odor generated during unloading and compression process.

Table 8-2-3 Comparison of odor treatment measures

Odor control Equipment and operation cost Limit Effect

Burning Little investment and no operation cost Air supply No secondary pollution

Soil Low investment and maintain Holding large area, not suitable Higher removal rate for rainy and snow area

Low investment and operation, long Efficiency much reduced when Bio-tank Ditto functional period, regular change activity lost

Active Low investment and operation, short Regular change of active Ditto carbon functional period, regular change carbon

Ozone as pollutant and high Ozone High costs both for equipment and concentration of pollutants not Ditto treatment operation easily removed

In consideration of investment, operational cost, power consumption and treatment efficiency, bio-tank is relatively economic and feasible technique, which therefore is recommended for the optimum program; active carbon relatively has short operation with higher cost but having little limits and good treatment efficiency as an alternative program.

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9. Environmental management and monitoring planning

Although the project is of public benefit nature, but dust pollution and noise exist during the project execution in addition to pollutants discharge during operation, which will cause local and potential influence over environment. In addition to the "three synchronization" management by national and local environmental protection departments, project in environmental management and designated protection program must be worked out to ensure systematic guarantee of the execution of these measures. Project environmental management means that all employers, designers and construction and units must abide by the laws, policies, standards and mitigation measures set out by nation and local autonomous region and Liuzhou city during feasibility study, preliminary design, execution of project works and operation period to ensure the normal operation of the Environmental Protection facilities. Capability establishment, duties, progress, Monitoring content and REPORT procedures, investment and sources shall be worked out by the administration authority. During execution of project works and operational period, monitor and guidance by competent departments in Guangxi autonomous region and Liuzhou city shall be observed in INSPECTION of the above mentioned "three synchronization".

For the minimal negative influence that must be reduced to the surrounding environment, daily monitoring and streaks and management by setting out plans for participated target in addition to proper process flow, fine design and working.

9.1 Environmental Management

Client responsibility system shall be practiced for the project, i.e. the client, Liuzhou environmental and sanitary management division will entrust for design, organization of construction and O&M after completion. The details of the environmental management will include: preparation of the environmental protection schedule and plan for the project, setting up management system for environmental protection; competent management and monitoring of public toilets, garbage transfer stations; responsibility to report to environmental department and preparation of pollution monitoring and evaluation indexes and tables; prompt relay and execution of the increments issued by the Environmental Protection Department and the

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9.1.1 Target of environmental management

Through feasibility studies, execution of project works, forceful environmental management

during operation of the project, to carry out current environmental regulations, correctly deal with the relationship between development and environmental protection; reduce to the minimum project influence over environment; relative standard for control of discharge and decrease to environmental quality in the construction area so that the conformity of social, economic and environmental benefits is realized.

9.1.2 Environmental management plan

The Environmental Management to plan will include the feasibility studies, preliminary design, execution of project works and operational period in terms of full process planning and management.

(1) Stage of feasibility study

In this stage, the client will have to submit Project Report for environmental influence for approval by the competent Environmental Protection Department. (2) Stage of design

In this stage of preliminary design, environmental protection measures shall be listed in design and investment estimate provided in the environmental report; the construction units shall be irresponsible for review of the Environmental Protection Program and offer comment. (3) Stage of building and equipment tender

In this tender for building works and equipment, the client shall require to the contractor the environmental requirement during the execution and equipment purchase, which shall be listed in the tender. Contractor shall select qualified construction companies with high management level for experimental protection and performance. environmental protection contents shall be specified in the contract and preparation of detailed program required after award of contract, which shall be submitted together with the construction program to the project management and competent Environmental Protection Department for approval prior to execution. (4) Stage of execution of works

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Project office will be responsible for strength and management during the project works to ensure carrying out of the works according to the design and in prevention of environmental problems occurring during operational stage due to poor works. Negative impact over environmental in the construction works shall be prevented at the same time. (5) Stage of completion and inspection

Inspection must be carried out for approval of the following facilities: air treatment, sewage discharge pipeline, sewage treatment facilities, monitoring wells for the Environmental

Protection prior to use. (6) Stage of operation Designated institution shall be set up for the Environmental Protection-- Environmental Protection Division with special staff in charge of detailed management during the operational period to ensure normal performance of the facilities specified in the feasibility study and the preliminary design.

9.1.3 Administration organization and responsibility

Designated the environmental management organs shall be setup in the products as according to the relative national regulation and site works, which will be responsible for the Environmental

Protection, monitoring during the construction period according to the national in environmental protection regulations and standards for overall control of pollution. During construction and operating period, various government and professional organizations

are included in EMP, including PMO, EPA, Construction unit etc. See Table 9-1-1 for the organizations and responsibilities.

Table 9-1-1 Organization and responsibility relating to environment management No. Name Responsibility Remark Designate 1 full time Coordinate the general project design and environmental protection 1 LMG PMO environmental protection during construction and expert in charge of EMP operating period and supervise the implementation

Supervise and manage environmental protection Desniignate n full time 2 LMG ESD measures during construction and operating environmental protechon period work of PMO

3 EPA of Autonomous (1) Supervise the construction unit to implement Region and LMG EMP, and fulfillment of environmental protection

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -110- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component laws/standards (2) Coordinate environmental protection works among various departments (3) Review Environmental Monitoring Report (4) Organize "Three Meantime" inspection of environmental protection facility Municipal Sanitation And 4 Epidemic Prevention Supervise sanitation and prevention measures for Department production area and staff Ensure implementation of environmental 5 Supervising/Environmental protection measures according to tendering documents

Qualified6 Environmental ~~~~~~Undertake. environmental . monitoring. within Designated by construction 6 Monitoring Station construction and operating period, report unit corresponding result (1) Management PMO of Liuzhou Bank and ESB are in charge of environmental management for this project. See Table 9-1-2 for the organizations and responsibilities.

Table 9-1-2 Organization and responsibility relating to environment management Name Responsibility (1)Organize to work out the plan for the total project; (2)Coordinate acts of government departments and the construction unit during environmental Liuzhou monitoring and management; Bank PMO (3) Direct the construction unit to carry out environmental management work; (4)Regularly report progress of environmental protection work to the Bank; (5)Guarantee sufficient funds for environmental protection (1) Organize to work out the Feasibility Report, EA Report and Project Plan Liuzhou (2) In charge of implementation of the project; ESB (3) Supervise implementation of EMP by various contractors and departments; (4)Guarantee investment to environmental protection facility, report implementation of environmental management to PMO and EPA. (2) Supervising The supervising organizations mainly include SEPA, EPA of Guangxi Autonomous Region and

Liuzhou EPA etc, covering: (Coordinate environmental management work, organize relating units or organizations to conduct environmental protection work;

(©) Review EA Report of approved project; (I Supervise implementation of environmental protection laws/regulations; ( Manage the construction, in charge of inspection of environmental protection for the project, supervise implementation of environmental protection measures during operating period; (5) Report environmental protection work to supervising environmental protection and government organizations.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -111- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component (3) Implementation The construction unit is in charge of the implementation of the EMP of the project, including:

(DSupervised by the Bank and various environmental protection organizations in respect of environmental protection; (©)Implement environmental protection measures relating to environmental protection laws/specifications and EA Report, as well as environmental protection plan;

(®)Guarantee normal work of environmental protection facility, the environmental protection

department shall conduct interior inspection, build up environmental protection archive, and report to environmental protection department;

(!)Sign a contract with environmental monitoring department and implement EMP; (O)Provide funds for environmental protection inspection or sample-check.

9.2 Environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring is the important means for project operation involving many aspects and one important indication of standardization of management. The environmental monitoring will involve atmosphere, wastewater, garbage filtrate, noise and all other fundamental factors.

9.2.1 Environmental monitoring organ

Under the Environmental Protection division, we have the environmental monitory room, taken responsibility of the routine monitoring works including sewage water, waste gas and noise;

overall inspection entrusted by Liuzhou environmental monitoring station will be carried out

once or twice each year. The task of the office is to collaborate with the other units for pollution source monitoring and surrounding it environment monitoring.

9.2.2 Environmental monitoring plan

( 1 ) Pollution source monitoring plan Table 9-2-1 is to be referred to for setting out pollutions monitoring plan for building period and

operational period. (2) Monitoring plan of Environmental Quality status Air quality of the areas whereas 2 large garbage transfer stations are proposed will be

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(!)Monitor points: left and right at 50m upper wind and leeward 0-50m

(!)Method: as per the method set out in ((Quality standard of environmental atmosphere)) (GB3095-1996) . Refer to Table 9-2-1.

9.2.3 Monitoring instrument and expenditure

(1) Monitoring instrument Major instrument for monitoring works equipped for this project will include: PH meter, atomic absorption, analysis scale, bio-chem incubation box, ammo-nitrogen distil device, chromatogram, air sampler, air bag, vibrator, M-stove, refrigerator, burner, spectrophotometer, return flow meter and vacuum pump.

(2) Monitoring instrument expenditure About 60,OOORMB (3) Monitoring cost By estimate, the total expenditure including staff cost per year will be 500000RMB, which be set out by the overall operational item.

9.2.4 Training program for monitoring staff

(1) General requirement Technical staff and management staff for project monitoring program shall have certain professional level and the quality. Chief of the monitoring office shall be professional technical staff with relevant professional knowledge and passed technical training and examination for correctness and reliability of monitoring data. (2) Basic requirement of the staff The basic requirement shall include for the staff on duty : basic theories , basic operation sample analysis .

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Table 9-2-1 Program of environmental monitoring

Time Description Item Location Frequency Monitoring, analysi method Aif Tsp Leeward and operation area One time before work, one time each season Gb/tl5432-1995 Air Tsp Leeward and operation area ~~~~by3 days during work Construction One time before work and one time each Noise Level a Operational area and boundary day and night during work GbI2524-90

Toilet Odor Gb/t14675-93

(1 -2) Air Nh3 Toilet leeward Twice each year in april and august Gb/tl4697-93

H2 s Gb/tl4678-93 Ss Gbl 1901-89 Garbage station Cod,, Gbl 1914-89 (1-2) Waster water Bod5 Drainage inlet Once each season Gb7488-87 ______Nh _ 3 -n Gb7488-87 Odor Gb/t 14675-93

Waste gas NH Inlet, outlet of b Once every month by one day Gb/tI4697-93

Particles Hj/t55-2000 Operational Odor Gb/tl4675-93

Air Nh3 One point each:50m and One session in summer and winter, each 5 Gb/tl4697-93 H2 s leeward 0-50m days Gb/t14678-93 Zhanggongling, Tsp Gb/tl5432-1995 Guiliu stations Ss Gbl 1901-89 Codcr G~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~bl1914-89 Waster water Codcr Once a week G 948 Bod5 Main discharge outlet Gb7488-87

Nh3 -n Gb7488-87 Im to all workshops and Noise Equal cont. boundary line Once every month, each one day by day and GbI2349-90 Level a (each for east, south, west and night

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(X) Basic theories will include: basic chemicals theory, basic knowledge in the lab, basics for data statistics, knowledge of quality insurance and control; principal, operation, calculation removal of interference matters in the environmental monitoring and analysis as well as other items of attention. (9) Basic operation skills will include: site sampling, correct use of glass ware, skillfulness in operation analysis instruments.

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10 Environmental Profit and Loss Analysis

10.1 Social Benefits Analysis

The construction of public toilets and solid waste transfer stations is the important part of the core task of urban appearance sanitation. The public toilets serve for the public. The waste matter cannot be collected and transported without solid waste transfer stations. They are essential facilities for the convenience of the people's lives and can satisfy their physiological needs, and necessary components of urban infrastructure, which play a great role in maintaining urban environmental sanitation and guaranteeing the people's health. They both can easily affect peripheral environment, and, at the same time, are indispensable facilities of city construction and development. (1) Promoting the Construction of Urban Infrastructure of Liuzhou City, Improving the

Condition of Civil Environmental Sanitation of the City The construction of public toilets and solid waste transfer stations is the important part of the core task of urban appearance sanitation. They are both indispensable facilities in city construction and development. (2) Improving the Environmental Consciousness of the public, and changing their

Environmental ideas Since 90's in the last century, people's environmental consciousness is strengthening gradually, and their requests to living standards are continuously promoted. The public toilet, which has become one of reflection windows of modem city civilization and an important mark of city economy development level and civil residents living quality, embodies the development level of material and spiritual civilization of a city , showing

the civilization characters of a race. The quantity and construction level of solid waste transfer stations are gradually becoming important factors in city's environmental sanitation. With the city's development and increment of the population density, the service capability of solid waste transfer stations is demanded higher and higher, and their environmental effect attract more and more attention. (3) Helping to Exalt the Scientific Management Level of Civil Environmental Hygiene

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Departments The site selection and construction of public toilets and solid waste transfer stations should be done according to the factors such as municipal programming principles, combination with city development, distribution of commerce network, stations, docks, and streets, permanent residents and floating population, and functions of public toilets, etc., and should meet the demands of rational distribution, beautifying the environment, convenience, tidiness, and easy maintenance of environment sanitation, which are rigorously challenging to and testing the management level of management departments of environmental sanitation. Once this project is smoothly completed and put into operation, it will not only prove to be the right choice and decision on programming of management departments of municipal environment sanitation, but also indicate that their ability to step up a new stage.

10.2 Economic Profits Analysis

10.2.1 The Project Investment

The total investment of this project is Y399,536,100. The estimation is shown in Table 10-2-1.

Table 10-2-1 Investment Estimation Transfer Collection No. Items Public Toilets Subtotal Stations Stations 1 Fixed Investment 6985.94 7625.40 1302.55 15913.89 Loan Interests during 336 2 343.69 177.57 37.21 558.47 Construction 3 Initial Current capital 8.40 18.00 3.00 29.4 Total Construction 4 7338.03 7820.97 1342.76 16501.76 Investment

10.2.2 Financing

The annual interest rate of repayment of loans from the World Bank is 1.61%, according to repayment in equivalent value in 15 years (not include the grace period for 5 years). All the loans from the World Bank are repaid by municipal finance. The civil counterpart funding

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is composed by two parts, one is appropriate founds from municipal finance, which is Y37,000,000; the other is loans from national banks. The repayment of loans from national banks is 8 years (no including the construction period), with annual interest rate of 5.76%. (1) Sub-project of Public Toilets The sub-project of public toilets has been supplied with construction capital of Y 15,282,000, planned to use loan from the World Bank of Y47,320,000, and use mid- and long-term loans from national banks of Y50,640,000. The current capital, estimated with enlarged index method and with reference to the same kind of construction projects, will be 1/6 of annual operating cost of the project, which is about Y320,000 according to the operating cost plan of two months, wherein 30% is from domestic capital, and 70% is

loan from banks. (2) Sub-project of Solid Waste Transfer Stations

The sub-project of solid waste transfer stations has been provided with construction capital of Y14,766,500, planned to use loan from the World Bank of Y59,940,000, and use mid- and long-term loans from national banks of Y64,140,000. The current capital, estimated with enlarged index method and with reference to the same kind of construction

projects, will be 1/6 of annual operating cost of the project, which is about Y650,000 according to the operating cost plan of two months, wherein 30% is domestic capital, 70% is loan from banks. (3) Sub-project of Solid Waste Collection Stations The sub-project of solid waste collection stations has been provided with construction capital of Y2,462,500, planned to use loan from the World Bank of Y8,620,000, and use mid- and long-term loans from national banks of Y 9,220,000. The current capital, estimated with enlarged index method and with reference to the same kind of construction

projects, will be 1/6 of annual operating cost of the project, which is about Y100,000 according to the operating cost plan of two months, wherein 30% is domestic capital, 70% is loan from banks.

10.2.3 Operating Cost

(1) Sub-project of Public Toilets

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The annual operating cost is normally Y 1,765,700. The estimation is listed in Table 10-2-2.

Table 10-2-2 Operating Cost Estimation (unit: Y 10,000) Operating Load No. Items Average Second year Third Forth Fifth-twentieth Year Seconyear year year ______25% 50% 75% 100% 1 Outsourcing Raw Materials 30.00 7.50 15.00 22.50 30.00 2 Outsourcing Fuel 47.97 11.99 23.98 35.97 47.97 2.1 Light Diesel 10.05 2.51 5.03 7.54 10.05 2.2 Electricity 1.38 0.34 0.69 1.03 1.38 2.3 Water 36.54 9.14 18.27 27.41 36.54 3 Wage & Welfare 66.96 16.74 33.48 50.22 66.96 4 Upkeep fee 21.66 5.41 10.83 16.24 21.66 5 Management & Others 9.99 2.50 5.00 7.50 9.99 6 Operating Cost 176.57 44.15 88.29 132.44 176.57 (2) Sub-project of Solid Waste Transfer Stations The annual operating cost is normally Y3,738,500. The estimation is listed in Table 10-2-3. The operating cost is all subsidized by municipal finance.

(3) Sub-project of Solid Waste Collection Stations The annual operating cost is normally Y587,900. The estimation is listed in Table 10-2-4.

Table 10-2-4 Operating Cost Estimation (unit: Y 10,000) Operating Load No. Items Average Second year Third Forth Fifth-twentieth Year year year ______33% 66% 100% 100% 1 Outsourcing Raw Materials 6.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 2 Outsourcing Fuel 13.62 4.54 9.08 13.62 13.62 2.1 Light Diesel 6.70 2.23 4.47 6.70 6.70 2.2 Electricity 0.83 0.28 0.55 0.83 0.83 2.3 Water 6.09 2.03 4.06 6.09 6.09 3 Wage & Welfare 30.24 10.08 20.16 30.24 30.24 4 Upkeep fee 5.60 1.87 3.73 5.60 5.60 5 Management & Others 3.33 1.11 2.22 3.33 3.33 6 Operating Cost 58.79 19.60 39.19 58.79 58.79 According to the programming, the operating cost of the sub-project of solid waste collection stations is all subsidized by municipal finance.

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10.2.4 Economic Profits

The sub-project of public toilets and solid waste transfer station construction belongs to the

domestic new environmental protection projects, which can be free of relevant taxes during operating period. The unforeseen construction expense can be calculated by 10%. It belongs to public welfare establishments, whose regulatory tax of estate investment is zero. It has no evident direct investment profits, but with important indirect economic profits, which are mainly embodied by improving urban sanitation condition, city's appearance, and city production and living conditions. The project has low economic profits by itself, and must maintain its operation by finance subsidy. The financial operating cost and subsidy of the whole sub-project is shown in Table 10-2-5. Domestic rubbish processing fee should be gradually imposed to reduce finance subsidy, and to promote gradually the financial ability of solid waste collection and transfer system.

Table 10-2-5 Operating Cost Subsidy (unit: Y 10,000/year) Fifth-twentieth year No. Items Second year Third yer Forthyear I Annual Subsidy on Public Toilets 21.52 43.03 64.55 85.05 2 Annual Subsidy on Solid Waste Transfer Stations 373.85 373.85 373.85 3 Annual Subsidy on Solid Waste Collection Stations 19.60 39.19 58.79 58.79 4 Total 41.12 456.07 497.19 517.69 The sub-project of public toilets is constructed for the convenience of the public and with

the aim of making the city clean. It should not be conducted with the aim of profit making. There is a small quantity of charge, which is only used to maintain the operation to reduce

the finance subsidy. Calculated by YO.2/person, estimated average 200persons per day per toilet, with total 4526000 persons, the annual total income is Y905200/year, the deficiency is subsidized by the government. The income and subsidy estimation can be read in Table 10-2-6.

Table 10-2-6 Income & Subsidy of Public Toilets (unit: Y10,000) No. Items Operating Load Second year I Third year I Forth year Fifth-twentieth year

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -120- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 25% 50% 75% 100% 1 Operating Cost 44.15 88.29 132.44 176.57 2 Income 22.63 45.26 67.89 90.52 3 Finance Subsidy 21.52 43.03 64.55 85.05

10.3 Environmental Benefits

After completion, the project will bring great environmental benefits to Liuzhou city, including improving urban sanitation condition, erecting modem city appearance, and improving the condition of production and living. (1) Eliminating the phenomena of garbage disposed everywhere and sewage everywhere to gain environmental benefits (2) Adopting advanced technology and equipment of storing, transporting and compressing materials, optimizing the working ambiance of solid waste transfer and collection plant, facilitating equipment of public toilets to improve residents' living quality. (3) Choosing best transfer vehicles for solid waste collecting, transferring, and movable public toilets, eliminating the pollution along the road to improve transfer efficiency. (4) Fundamentally solving the problem of secondary pollution, which mainly includes filtrated contamination, flying dust pollution, malodor pollution, and white pollution.

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11. Public participation

11.1 Purpose of Public participation

In accordance with domestic laws and regulations on environment protection as well as the policy made by World Bank on environment impact evaluation ( OP4.01 ), Public participation is needed for this project. The purpose of public participation in this environment impact evaluation of project is to enable local inhabitants to understand the significance of this project in time and accurately, the positive and negative, direct and indirect impact on them through the project execution, know their attitude towards this project and their major concerns so as to find out solutions for the benefit of the public, guarantee the completeness and fairness of the evaluation work and avoid disputes in construction phase and operation phase.

11.2 Investigation methods

In accordance with domestic laws and regulations and world bank's requirements with experiences gained from similar domestic projects for reference the public involvement for this project shall be implemented by issuing public questionnaire and holding information releasing conference so as to collect public comments, suggestions and requirements. Public's questions on environment and counter-measures shall be clarified.

In order to obtain public comments on the project and their approval of the impact relieving measures two rounds of public consultation and one information-releasing conference are prepared for the environment evaluation Main contents are shown in Table 11-2-1 and Table 11-2-2.

Table 11-2-1 Investigation of public participation Time Content Place Participators Personst Basis Sino-Japan Friendship People Environment Protection Law of the Near Environment directly People Republic of China 2004.7 .22- Project poetProtection Center affected 2004.7.29 proposajectobite Liuzhou Environment byete Law of the People's Republic of Sanitation by the China on the Environmental Impact Administration project Assessment

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -122- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component Environment Sino-Japan Friendship World Bank OP4.01and attached Impact Environment documents 2004.9.18 Evaluation Protection Center 2004.9.26 Report Liuzhou Environment (Preliminary. Sanitation Draft) _ Administration Table 11-2-2 Information releasing situation Time Content Place Policy Basis Environment Impact World Bank Project Office of 2004.10.26 Evaluation Liuzhou investment, Report construction and Environment ProtectionLaw of the (Preliminary. development Co., Ltd People Republic of China Draft) Law of the People's Republic of China Environment on the EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Impact World Bank OP4.01and attached 2004.10.28 Evaluation Planning Committee network documents Report of Liuzhou City (Preliminary. Draft)

11.3 Investigation result statistics and analysis of the first round public involvement

11.3.1 Investigation mode

The first round of public investigation mainly includes distribution of the investigation questionnaire (refer to the attachment for the table content) in combination with oral consultation. Investigation area covers most part of Liuzhou city area, focusing on the area surrounding the public toilets and the rubbish collecting station including Zhanggongling and Guiliulu transfer station location and their neighboring regions.

11.3.2 Statistics of investigation results

For this public investigation 250 copies of questionnaires have been distributed and 249 collected with

99.6% recovery rate.

Analysis of the investigated groups

Statistic analysis has been made according to sex, age, education background, profession and residential area. Refer to Table 11-3-1 for investigation results. Table 11-3-1 shows that the public involvement includes different sexes, ages, education backgrounds and professions and the representativeness is

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -123- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component obvious.

Table 11-3-1 Statistics of the first round public participation objects Class Effective copies (copy) Percentage (%) Gender Male 140 56 Female 109 44

18-35 144 59 Age 36-50 64 26 >50 37 15 Above undergraduate course 43 23 Education Senior high school and junior college 63 34 Under junior high school 78 43 Worker 35 16 Farmer 10 5 Teacher 15 7 Profession Student 23 11 Businessmen 35 16 Office workers 37 17 Others 63 29 Area surrounding the public toilets 160 64 Area surrounding Zhanggongling 25 10 Location Transfer Station Area surrounding Guiliulu transfer 13 5

Station ______Other areas 51 21 Note: Some participators only filled in part items, so the total statistics for each item may be different. (2) Public opinion summary

The investigation result shows that majority of people share the same opinion and their opinions is summarized in Table 11-3-2.

Table 11-3-2 Public opinion summary for the 1st round of investigation

Serial Investigation content people Percentage/% 1. Within 10 years 163 68 . ~~~~2.Within 20 years 35 15 1 How many years have you lived here ? 3. Within 30 years 18 8 4. Over 30 years 22 9 1. Within 50m 61 26 What is the distance between your home 2. Within loom 96 42 2 and the project location ? 3. Within 200m 46 20 4. Beyond 200m 28 12 1. Satisfied 118 51 3 Are you satisfied with the local environment? 2. Dissatisfied 84 36 3. Notsure 30 13

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -124- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component 1. Strong influence 37 16 4 Does this project have any influence on 2. Slight influence 104 44 your life and production? 3. No influence 62 26 4. Not sure 32 14 1. Very important 57 24 5 How you think of this project, important 2. Important 121 51 or not? 3. Not important 26 11 4. Don't know. 31 14 1. Agree 34 38 6 Do you agree with the farmland or fish 2. Disagree 35 39 pond acquisition for this project? 3. Don't know. 20 23 Do you agree with the demolition plan for 2 Agree 31 46 this project? 2. Disagree :_ _ r *3. Don't know. 14 22 1. Noise 125 23 2.Malodor 114 21 3.Construction at What do you think is the most negative night 117 21 8* influence for this project? 4.Flying dust 80 15 5.Construction safety 54 10 6. Impact on traffic 36 7 7. House demolition 25 3 i___._ Others 0 0 1. Satisfied 80 35 Are you satisfied with the measure taken 2. Dissatisfied 33 14 9 to relieve the influence on environment? 3. Not sure 39 17 4. Unknown about 34 the measures. 78 .Obvious Do you think this project will improve improvement 74 32 10 local environment quality and city 2. Can be improved 112 48 scenery? 3. little improvement 7 3 4. Not sure 41 17 Do you think this project will result in 1. Benefit vs. harm 150 64 11 more advantages than disadvantages or 2 Harmvs.benefit 32 14 vice versa? 3. Almost the same 19 8 4. Not sure 34 14 What do you think of the protect 1. Agree 134 59 12 location ? 2. Against 42 19 3. No idea 51 22 In which aspect does this project 1. Positive 154 66 13 construction affect this zone as a 2 .Negative 34 14 whole? ? 3. Not sure 47 20 1. Support 173 75 14 Do you support this project execution? 2. Don't support. 24 10

______3. Indifferent 35 15 *Multiple choice Note: Some participators only filled in part items, so the total statistics for each item may be different. (3) Statistics result analysis

Written and oral investigation show that 75 % of investigated people support the project

construction and their reasons are as follows:

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -125- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component

(D At present there are very few public toilets in Liuzhou and new public toilets are needed for the convenience of the people.

O)The existing public toilets are under poor sanitation conditions with ugly appearance, so a batch of new high level public toilets ( just like the star toilet on the Shanzhong Road in Liuzhou) so as to beautify Liuzhou and raise the taste. ®Existing public toilets are not deployed in reasonable way and there is no toilet along the crowded road, which causes great inconveniences.

(A)At present rubbish is exposed to the open air in many places. Even if there is a dustbin, the bin is not airproof and malodor pollution caused by the rubbish is extremely sever. Further more the sewage flowing everywhere is easy to attract flies and mosquitoes, resulting in poor sanitation conditions and ugly appearance, so airproof solid waste station is in great need to store the rubbish.

Approximately 10% of the investigated public are against the project and their reasons areas follows:

©Public toilets will be built in front of their houses and their lives will be affected by the malodor. © At present there are enough public toilets in Liuzhou and no need to spend money on the new toilets, They suggest the money be spent on some other things in greater need. (®)Ifthe solid waste transfer station is to be built inside the residential area, the malodor will affect residents living in the area, especially during the rubbish loading the malodor will be more severe, so they are against construction of rubbish-collecting stations.

(A) If the rubbish-collecting station is to be built inside the residential area, rubbish transportation trucks will come at night to remove the rubbish, causing noise and disturbing residents' night rest. (5)If the rubbish transfer station is to be built in Zhanggongling, the malodor from the station will affect the lives of neighboring residents and the health of children from nearby schools and kindergarten. Further more the large amount of rubbish will deteriorate the sanitation conditions and breed flies and mosquitoes in summer. Analysis of the investigation results shows that the public are mainly concerned about the

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -126- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Sohd Waste Transfer Stations Component Component following issues: Discharged malodor impact caused by the public toilets on neighboring residents.

OSince the existing public toilets in Liuzhou are at a low level with poor management and cleaning work is poorly done, some residents have a bad impression on them. As the result they worry about malodor, which might affect neighboring residents' lives. (9)Discharged malodor impact caused by the rubbish-collecting stations on neighboring residents. Since most of the existing rubbish-collecting stations are exposed to the open air and the stored rubbish is transferred manually, sever malodor can be smelled in the process of rubbish storage and transportation with rubbish infiltration liquid everywhere inside and outside the station. Therefore investigated people generally worry about the malodor, which will result from the rubbish discharge by the new rubbish collecting stations.

(®Dischargedmalodor impact caused by Zhanggongling Transfer Station on neighboring residents, kindergarten and primary schools. Since the land to be purchased by Gongling Transfer Station used to be a rubbish piling place, although not used presently, some rubbish are still being piled in the open air with a large of wastewater deposited in the hollow place, affecting residents living outside to a great degree, especially in summer, when malodor from the rubbish and wastewater become more sever and many flies and mosquitoes are bred. The poor sanitary conditions in this area have left a bad impression on neighboring residents. Therefore the investigated people, especially those from the neighborhood of Zhanggongling Transfer Station show great concern about the station environment, sanitary conditions and discharged malodor.

(3) Corresponding counter measures put forward in Evaluation Report: Regarding the main concerns by residents living in the area, corresponding measures have been put forward in Evaluation Report: O Construct relatively high standard public toilets, and the daily cleaning shall be paid attention to. Class I sanitary standards shall be adopted for the public toilets. )Rubbish collecting stations will be buildings of shell type. The rubbish is collected in dustbins and stored in the station. Any exposure shall be prohibited.

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O)The two large scale solid waste transfer stations of Zhanggongling and Liuguilu will be equipped with close-type workshops to ensure that rubbish loading/unloading and

compression be conducted inside the workshop. High efficiency exhaust fans, odor-proof and dust-proof units will be installed in the transfer workshop so as to see that the waste gas discharge can meet specification requirement. In the meantime infiltration management shall be strengthened in the process of compression and infiltration liquid collected in time. See to it that the equipment and station room be cleaned once every other week and sterilizing liquid as well as malodor inhibitor sprayed. Through the standardized

management of the infiltration liquid malodor will be decreased. Based on the I't round of public participation, aiming at the public comments, suggestions

environment protection measures put forward in Evaluation Report and main conclusion

environment evaluation company organized the 2nd round of public participation and investigation in September 2004.

11.4 Investigation result statistics and analysis of the second round public involvement

11.4.1 Investigation mode

The second round of public investigation mainly includes distribution of the investigation questionnaire (refer to the attachment for the table content) in combination with oral consultation. Investigation area covers most part of Liuzhou city area, focusing on the area surrounding the public toilets and the rubbish collecting station including Zhanggongling and Guiliulu transfer station

location and their neighboring regions.

11.4.2 Statistics of investigation results

For this public investigation 200 copies of questionnaires have been distributed and 196 collected with 98% recovery rate. Analysis of the investigated groups Statistic analysis has been made according to sex, age, education background, profession and residential area. Refer to Table 11-4-1 for investigation results. Table Statistic analysis has been made according to

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -128- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component sex, age, education background, profession and residential area. Refer to Table 11-3-1 for investigation results. Table 11-3-1 shows that the public involvement includes different sexes, ages, education backgrounds and professions and the representativeness is obvious.

Table 11-4-1 Statistics of the second round of public participation objects

Class Effective copies Percentage (9/) (copy) Male 74 Gender Female 94 18-35 104 Age 36-50 43 >50 16 Above undergraduate course 26 Education Senior high school and junior 51 college Under junior high school 43 Worker 10 Farmer 22 Teacher 30 Profession Student 10 Businessmen 25 Office workers 7 Others 51 Note: Some participators only filled in part items, so the total statistics for each item may be different. (2) Public opinion summary

The investigation result shows that majority of people share the same opinion and their opinions is summarized in Table 11-4-2.

Table 11-4-2 Public opinion summary for the 2nd' round of investigation Serial Investigation content No. of people Percentage/% No 1. Know every well 17 1 To what extent do you know about 2. Know it 55 this project? 3. Only a little 81 4. Don't know 18 Are you satisfied with the 1. Satisfied 19 construction, operation and 2.Basically all right 99 2 management status of public toilets 3 Not satisfied 47 and rubbish collecting station in . Liuzhou? 4. Very unsatisfied 4 3 How many years have you lived 1. Within 10 years 29

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -129- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component here ? 2. Within 20 years 33 3. Within 30 years 21 4. Over 30 years 12 1. Within 50m 98 What is the distance between your 2. Within 100m 50 home and the project location ? 3. Within 200m 10 4. Beyond 200m 12 1. Satisfied 42 5 Are you satisfied with the local 2. Dissatisfied 100 environment? 3. Not sure 28 1. Very important 50 6 How you think of this project , 2. Important 107 important or not? 3. Not important 6 4. Don't know. 7 1. Noise 85 2 Construction at night 54 What do you think is the most 3.Flying dust 126 7* negative influence for this 4.Construction wastewater 85 project? 5. Construction rubbish 80 6. Construction safety 45 7. Impact on traffic 12 1. Noise 54 2. Malodor 134 What do you think is the negative 3 wastewater 81 8* impact in the project operation 4. Flying dust 83 phase? 5. splashed rubbish 86

Others 5 1. Sever disadvantage 26 To what degree do you think the 2. Minor disadvantage 37 9 project construction and operation 3. No impact 70 will affect you? 4. Positive influence 20 5. Very beneficial 16

490 10 10 projectDo you location?2.Aant4 agree with the selected 1. Agree 3.Indifferent 41

1. Support _ 141 ______Do you support the project I Aast 16 construction? 2. Against 16 3. Indifferent 13 *Multiple choice Note: Some participators only filled in part items, so the total statistics for each item may be different. (3) Statistic result analysis

Totally 194 investigated people (regarded as effective) have answered the question "Do you support this project construction?", among whom 156 support the project ,accounting to

80% of the investigated people (effective); 196 investigated people have answered the question "Do you agree with the selected project location?" and 103 agreed, accounting to

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53% the investigated people (effective). Investigation results show that although majority of the public support the project construction, the overwhelming majority in Zhanggongling District are against the transfer station to be built there, and their main reasons are: ( 1 ) Worry that the environment protection measures will not reach satisfactory effect with still great malodor impact; (2) There is a large population and many school in this district. Commercial, recreational or education facilities are more convenient to be built in Zhanggongling; ( 3 ) The noise, dust and malodor resulting from the rubbish transporting trucks have a great impact on this district. Since the local public in Zhanggongling district have such a comment and there are other issues concerning the selection of Zhanggongling, which are impossible to solve temporarily (Refer to Section 7.2.3), it is suggested that the transfer station be relocated. Before the new station is constructed, world bank investment can be used to purchase a batch of rubbish-transportation vehicles, which can not only meet the local rubbish-collecting demand, but also be able to serve future rubbish transfer stations.

11.5 Information publicity

( 1 ) Publish the news in newspaper On October 27, 2004 the project was published in Liuzhou Daily and the evaluation report as well as other project documents are shown to the public in Liuzhou world Bank Project

Office. Further more a hotline has been connected to obtain public comments and suggestions. Refer to Attachment I for the content shown to the public.

(2) Information publicity via Net In the meantime the news was published in the website of " Liuzhou Construction Committee website (http//jswyh.gov.cn) and Sino-Japan Friendship Environment Protection Center website. The public are consulted for their comments and suggestions , which will be fed back from the public message board. Public comments will be incorporated into the Evaluation Report before submission for approval. The notice content is the same as that in the newspaper.

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11.6 Public participation conclusion

The public participation involves a wide range of investigation and appropriate methods have been adopted. The investigated objects include the residents living near the jobsite. The investigated groups have a strong representativeness and the questionnaire recovery rate is high. Investigation results are fare and objective. ( 1 ) Two rounds of public participation and investigation show that the majority of the public support this project construction. (2 )Although after corresponding measures have been taken H2Sand NH3 concentration at the protection objects surrounding Zhanggongling Transfer Station in operation phase have both met specification requirement, H2S concentration at the north boundary does not meet the primary highest allowable concentration value specified in TJ36-79regarding residential areas and the waste gas caused by the transfer station has a great impact residential area at the north side. In consideration of the strong objection to Zhanggongling Transfer Station by the public, it is suggested that Zhanggongling Transfer Station be relocated. Before the new station is constructed, world bank investment can be used to purchase a batch of rubbish-transportation vehicles, which can not only meet the local rubbish-collecting demand, but also be able to serve future rubbish transfer stations.

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12. Conclusions and Suggestions

12.1 Overall Conclusions

(1)The significance of the Project The construction of this project will result in the solution to existing issues in programming, construction and management of public toilets and solid waste transfer stations in Liuzhou city, and achieving the construction goals of environment and sanitation facilities. It has a great significance in perfecting the construction of urban infrastructure, improving the environmental sanitation of the city, harmonizing the municipal construction development in balance, guaranteeing the normal living and working of the people, improving the living and investment environment, and raising the modem city image. (2) The Project Construction Matches the Development Programming of Liuzhou City The project construction matches the overall programming and the environmental sanitation development programming of Liuzhou city. After its implementation, the quantity of public toilets in Liuzhou will be 311, wherein 63 are in and above class one, the quantity of solid waste collection stations will be 82, and the large-scale solid waste station will come into being from zero. All of these will greatly decrease the operating cost of garbage treatment. (3) Site Selection of the Project The selected sites of scheduled public toilets, solid waste collection station and transfer stations all have already been approbated by the programming departments of Liuzhou city. (4) The Acceptability of Environmental Impact by the Project The project belongs to the newly-built environmental protection welfare. Its objectives are perfecting the construction of urban infrastructure, improving the environmental sanitation of the city, guaranteeing the normal living and working of the people. But the waste gas, water, noises discharged by the project will bring unfavorable influence on the environment, and the waste gas, noises, and solid waste discarded during the construction will also affect surrounding environment. The influence of the project construction can be effectively eliminated or decreased by strengthening the management and adopting corresponding environmental protection measures. The environmental influence of the project is

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -133- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component acceptable. (5) Public Opinions

Most of the public supports the construction of the project, but the site selected for Zhonggongling solid waste transfer station is strongly opposed by the local public.

12.2 Evaluation Conclusion on Single Items

12.2.1 Evaluation Conclusion on Present Environment Quality

(1) Air environment The environmental air quality of Liuzhou city in 2003 fell into class two - three of GB3095-1996. S02 and TSP were the two main pollutants. Around the site for Zhanggongling solid waste transfer station, there exists malodor pollution to some extent because of the present solid waste dumps nearby. The environment around the site for Guiliu road solid waste transfer station is good. (2) Water Environment The water quality of the monitored cross-section by two bridges of Liujiang River in 2003 met the standard of class II according to the GB3838-2002. The water quality of other monitored cross sections of the area under jurisdiction of Liuzhou city met class III of GB3838-2002. The water quality of the section of Liujiang river under jurisdiction of Liuzhou city is basically well. Most of groundwater of Liuzhou was not polluted in 2003. The areas, which have been polluted, mostly distribute in points, with organic pollution as the main pollutant, typically domestic garbage. The industry area was obviously affected by local influence.

(3) Sound Environment In 2003, the equivalent sound levels of environmental noises in class one regions, class two regions and class three regions all reached the limits of GB3096-93 respectively. Of the whole city, the arithmetic mean value of the accumulated equivalent sound level is 58.7dB in every class region. The average equivalent sound level of road traffic noises is 69.8 dB, which is not over the limit of Class Four of Standard for environmental noise of urban area GB 3096-93.

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A few data in monitored results of environmental noises around sites for Zhanggongling transfer station and Guiliulu transfer station exceeded the standard values.

12.2.2 Evaluation Conclusions of Impact on Environment

(1) The Environment Impact of Public Toilets The impact on environment by public toilets is mainly embodied in the malodor pollutants, dejection sewage, and a little amount of garbage. The public toilets to be constructed in the project in schedule will be maintained with cleanness within the toilets according to national relevant demands, and cannot pollute peripheral environment with malodor. All of wastewater discharged by all the public toilets is drained into cloacae, and then collected and treated by wastewater treatment plants, which can bring little influence on environment. The solid waste, which is a little amount, can be transported to Lichonggou landfill, with little influence on environment. (2) The Environmental Influence of Solid Waste Collection Stations The newly-built solid waste collection stations will be equipped with the close-type structures, by which solid waste cannot be exposed outwards, consequently no malodor pollution to the peripheral environmental protection objects. Wastewater is discharged into cloacae, and then collected and treated by wastewater treatment plants, which can bring little influence on environment. (3) The Environmental Impact of Solid Waste Transfer Stations (a) Waste Gas Without treatment, the waste gas of Zhanggongling solid waste transfer station will pollute the distance 140m away from the transfer plant, which brings great influence on the peripheral environment protection objects. Thus the waste gas of solid waste transfer stations must be deat with necessary treatment.

After two-stage biological filter treatment, the waste gas of solid waste transfer stations has less influence on the peripheral environmental protection objects. However, the H2S concentrations at the north boundary of the plants do not meet the once maximum permissible concentration in residential region of the hygiene standard for industrial corporation design TJ36-39. Moreover, the sanitation protection area of solid waste transfer

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -135- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component stations is larger than the takeover land area. Hence, the waste gas of solid waste transfer stations will have great influence on the residential area that will be constructed in schedule. (b) Wastewater

The wastewater of solid waste transfer stations is mainly water percolated from garbage, domestic sewage, wastewater from restaurants, and washing wastewater, etc. All types of wastewater is mixed up after treatment, and is discharged into municipal wastewater network, ultimately flows into wastewater treatment plants, where it is treated and will not affect the normal operation of the treatment facilities of the plants. The wastewater has a little influence on environment. (c) Noises With mode prediction, the noises near north boundary of the two solid waste transfer stations are beyond the standard, and other noises meet the standard. The noise values of every environmental protection object reach the standard. But while the waste transfer vehicles are in or out the Zhonggongling solid waste transfer station, it will bring influence on residential area north side of the station. It is suggested that the vehicles pass in and out from the north side of the transfer station. (d) Solid Waste The solid waste is mainly domestic garbage, which can be compressed in the transfer plant together with garbage from city zone, and then transported to the Lichonggou garbage landfill for innocent treatment. Its influence on environment is little. (e) Condition of Environmental Sanitation The good sanitation condition can be maintained by periodic drug spraying, cleaning and washing of the sites and facilities every day. (f) Analysis of Ultimate Waste Disposal After compression in transfer stations, the domestic garbage is carried i to Lichonggou garbage landfill. The design capacity of the garbage landfill can treat the total garbage quantity of the two solid waste transfer stations, and can guarantee the pollutants produced during the garbage treatment under standard values. (4) Environmental Influence of Traffic

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After its implementation, the vehicles for transporting garbage are all in close type, in which the garbage cannot be seen from outside. And in the course of transporting, there are no garbage loss and water percolated from garbage dropping, and no H2S and NH3 pollution. The increased garbage transfer vehicles will not greatly change the traffic noises outside of the solid waste transfer stations (Liugui road and Hangling road) and the road to garbage landfill. The influence on the environmental noises along the road is little. The construction of the two solid waste transfer stations will not arouse traffic jam or block

Liugui road and Hangling road, and the road to garbage landfill.

12.2.3 Environmental Protection Measures

(I)Public Toilets The measures to eliminate pollution include strengthening the daily management of public toilets, keeping them clean, periodic washing, antisepsis drug spraying, placing deodorizer, etc. (2) Solid Waste Collection Stations The measures for solid waste collection stations include adopting close-type structures, periodic washing of garbage bin and collection stations, keeping the station clean, using deodorizer when necessary to eliminate odor, etc.

(3) Solid Waste Transfer Stations (a) The dumping and loading of garbage with press are all carried out in close-type plants. The process waste gas produced is discharged after treatment by odor and dust removing system. (b) The water percolated from garbage, discharged into underground wastewater regulating pond for first step's regulating, will then be mixed with domestic sewage, and washing wastewater, and they are then drained into municipal wastewater pipe network. The rainwater collected in the station area is discharged into municipal rainwater pipe network. (c) For the equipments with high noise, measures should be taken to eliminate and insulate noises, and decrease vibration. The operating condition should be maintained as close as possible while operating. The transfer vehicles should slow down when passing the

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection -137- Liuzhou Environment Management Project Municipal Sanitation (Public Toilet) and Solid Waste Transfer Stations Component Component residential area. (d) In order to preventing the mosquito, bug, fly from breeding, construction units should operate strictly, such as eliminating surface water ponds, washing and cleaning the field from time to time, eliminating off dour, cleaning the operating facilities timely, periodic spraying drug, etc. After above measures have been taken, following problems still exist in Zhanggongling solid waster transfer station.

(a)The H2S concentration by north boundary is beyond the limit of TJ36-79. (b)The sanitation protection area of solid waste transfer stations is beyond the north boundary. The waste gas of solid waste transfer stations will influence greatly on the residential area, which will be constructed in the future. Besides, based on the public inquisition result of sections 11.3.1-11.4.2, most of the local public oppose to constructing solid waste transfer station in Zhanggongling. Hence, we suggest that the Zhanggongling solid waste transfer station be relocated for construction. Before new solid waste transfer station is constructed in the region, it is planed to purchase a batch of garbage transfer vehicles with loans from the World Bank, which will be used to collect the domestic garbage of Zhanggongling serving area, and directly transport the garbage to the Lichonggou landfill. The increased vehicles will not arouse traffic jam or block in the road outside the landfill.

(4) Environmental Sanitation Vehicles More vegetation greenbelt should be set in urban roadway, especially in the sections where there is the residential area along the road. The vehicles should be driven in a civilized way. While passing residential area, vehicles should slow down to pass by.

12.2.4 Conclusion of The Public Participation

The results for two rounds of public participation and investigation show that most of the public support this project, but the selected site for Zhanggongling solid waste transfer station is opposed violently by the local public. Taking the other problems that cannot be solved in the near future into consideration, it is suggested that another site be selected for Zhanggongling solid waste transfer station.

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Summarizing the analysis above, we can see that the project meets the relevant programming of Liuzhou city with rational site selection, which will bring great social benefits and environmental benefits. Although there will exist some unfavorable environmental influence during its construction and operation, the influence can be acceptable by taking necessary measures. The environmental measures scheduled for the project can guarantee the pollutants emission under standard values. But in order to further decrease the environmental influence of the project, we suggest as follows: (a) One more exhaust mast shall be set in solid waste transfer station. After treatment by biological filter, the waste gas is discharged centrally through the exhaust mast in convenience of waste gas control and pollutants diffusion. (b) The site, where the Guiliu road solid waste transfer station will be built in schedule, belongs to the fundamental farm protection area in municipal programming. Hence, the construction units should assort with programming departments and land management departments to solve the problems of land takeover as soon as possible.

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13. Appendix

* The Letter of Attorney for Environmental Impact Evaluation * The First Public Participation Questionnaire * The Second Public Participation Questionnaire

References

( 1) Li Ying, Process Design on Wastewater Treatment for Reusing of Solid Waste Transfer Stations, Environmental Engineering, Vol. 20 (3), June, 2002.

(2) Xue Zhifeng, Preliminary Analysis on Present Status and Control Strategy of the Secondary Pollution by Urban Waste, Official website of Beijing managment department on waste and muck (http://www.bswad.org.cn). (3) Ning Xun'an, et al, Environmental Influence and Strategy During Urban Domestic Waste Collecting and Transporting, Environmental Protection, No.1, 1999 (4) Qiu Jiang, et al, Construction of Urban Domestic Waste Transfer Station, Environmental Sanitation Engineering, No. 3, 2003.

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