#SundayGathering with Shaykh Omar Khan
A glimpse from the lives of the Prophets of Allah (Peace and Blessings be upon Them all)
20/01/19 – Sayyiduna Nuh (Peace be upon Him)
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/AlMuhammadiyya | www.Al-Muhammadiyya.com The lineage of Sayyidunā Nūḥ
ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ There are ten forefathers in between Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ in the َوال َّس ََل ُم َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ and Sayyidunā Ādam ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم ٰ Similarly there are . َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم lineage of Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم ten forefathers between Sayyidunā Ibrāĥīm ٰ in the lineage of Ibrāĥīm َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم and Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم :
• عن ابن عباس قال کان بین آدم ونوح عشرۃ قرون کلهم علی شریعة من الحق
ٰ , َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ Narrated by Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas He said that there are ten Qurūn (generations) in between ٰ ٰ َعلی and Sayyidunā Nūḥ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُ م Sayyidunā Ādam i.e. ten forefathers. All of them were on the َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم . َع َل ی ِه ُم ال َّس ََل ُم correct and sound belief The Age of Sayyidunā Nūḥ
ٰ was commanded to announce his َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم Sayyidunā Nūḥ • ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ Prophethood after the age of forty years. Sayyidunā Nūḥ remained in his nation for nine hundred and fifty years during ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم ,said َع َّز َو َج َّل which he propagated to his nation. Allāĥ the Almighty
ْ َّ َف َل ِب َث فِ ی ِہ ْم اَل َف َس َن ٍۃ ِاَّل َخ ْم ِس ی َن َعا ًما ‘He therefore stayed with them for a thousand years, less fifty.’ Surah Al Ankabut (29:14)
ٰ was alive on the َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم After the storm, Sayyidunā Nūḥ • Earth for two hundred and fifty years. His full lifetime was one thousand two hundred and forty years. There are other statements in this regard but this opinion has predominantly been described as the most authentic. As-Saawi commentary on Juz 8 – footnote on Jalalain Page 134 The propagation of Sayyidunā Nūḥ
• ‘He said, “O my people! I am indeed a herald of clear warnings to you. That you must worship Allāĥ and fear him, and obey me. He will forgive you some of your sins, and give you respite up to an appointed term; indeed the promise of Allāĥ cannot be averted when it arrives; if only you knew.’ Surah Nūḥ (71:2-4) • ‘I fear for you, if you worship other than Him, the punishment of the Great Day- that (is on) the day of judgement.’ Al-Jalalain Surah Al A’raaf Page 135 • “And I do not seek any fee for it; my reward is only upon the Lord of the creation.” Surah Shu’araa (26: 109) • “I then called them openly. Then I also told them publicly and also spoke to them softly in private.” Surah Nūḥ (71: 8-9) The reaction of the nation upon the propagation of Sayyidunā Nūḥ • ‘He said, “My Lord! I invited my people night and day. So for them, my calling them only increased their fleeing away. And whenever I called them, so that You may forgive them, they always thrust their fingers into their ears, covered themselves with their clothes, and remained stubborn and were extremely haughty.’ Surah Nūḥ (71: 5-7)
• Even though so many years had been spent propagating; only a small group of believers could be seen. Three of Sayyidunā Nūḥ’s sons, Sām, Ḥām and Yaafiš along with their wives were believers. One of Sayyidunā Nūḥ’s wives and seventy men and women were from the faithful. These believers were those who rode on the ark along with Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ There were seventy eight people altogether . َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم ٰ on the ship. There َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم including Sayyidunā Nūḥ was an equal amount of men and women on the ark. Reasons they put forward for their disbelief
• ‘The chiefs of his people, who were disbelievers, said, “We see that you are a human being like us.” Surah Hud (11:27) • ‘So the disbelieving chiefs of his nation said, “He is just a human َع َّز َو َج َّل like you, he wishes to become your leader. And had Allāĥ willed, He would have sent down Angels. We did not hear this in the case of our forefathers.’ Surah Al Mu’minoon (23:24) • ‘And we do not see anyone following you except the lowliest among us, without insight.’ Surah Hud (11:27) • ‘They said, “Shall we believe in you, whereas the abject people are with you?” Surah Ash Shu’araa (26:111) • ‘And we do not find any merit in you above us.’ Surah Hud (11:27) Response of Sayyiduna Nuh to the nation’s reasons • ‘And are you surprised that an advice came to you from your Lord through a man amongst you, so that he may warn you and that you may fear, and so that there may be mercy upon you.’ Surah Al A’raaf (7:63)
• ‘And I am not going to repel the Muslims. Indeed they will meet their Lord, but I find you people completely ignorant.’ Surah Hud (11:29) The Advice of Sayyiduna Nuh
• ‘I therefore told them, “Seek forgiveness from your Lord; He is indeed Most Forgiving. He will send down abundant rain for you from the sky. And will aid you with wealth and sons, and will create gardens for you and cause rivers to flow for you. What is the matter with you, that you do not desire honour from Allāĥ? Surah Nūḥ (71:10-13)
ٰ َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی It is narrated from Sayyidunā Rabī’ Bin Ṣabiḥ that a person came to Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī • ٰ said, ‘Do Istighfār (seek َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ and complained of drought. Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī َع ن ُہ Another person complained of poverty and Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣr ’. َع َّز َو َج َّل forgiveness) from Allāĥ ٰ .also told him to do Istighfār َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ ī
ٰ pray for him that Allāĥ the َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ Another person requested that Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī • ٰ told this man to also do َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ grant him a child. Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī َع َّز َو َج َّل Almighty Istighfār. Another man complained of the gardens becoming dry, the fruits becoming scarce and decrease ٰ told َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ in cultivation from the Earth and requested supplications. Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī him to do Istighfār as well. The people who were present stated, ‘The people’s grievances were diverse but you gave them the same action (to carry out).’
ٰ ٰ ٰ had َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم replied, ‘Sayyidunā Nūḥ َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعالی َعن ُہ Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī • commanded his nation to do Istighfār for the solution to all their difficulties.’ Sayyidunā Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī ٰ for َع َّز َو َج َّل was proving that this action (of seeking the forgiveness of the Almighty َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ freedom from complexities) is proven in the Holy Qurān. At-Tafseer Al-Kabeer The ignorance of this nation
• ‘The leaders of his people said, “Indeed we see you in open error.” Surah Al A’raaf (7:60)
• ‘He said, “O my people! There is no straying in me - I am in fact a Noble Messenger from the َع َّز َو َج َّل Lord of the creation. I convey to you the messages of my Lord and I know from Allāĥ what you do not know.” Surah Al A’raaf (7:61-62)
• The nation disgracefully said to Sayyiduna Nuh and the believers,
“Moreover, we consider you liars.” Surah Hud (11:27)
• “He is not but an insane man, therefore wait for some time.” Surah Al Mu-minun (23:25)
• “Before these, the people of Nūḥ denied and they belied Our bondman and said, “He is a madman” and rebuffed.” Surah Al Qamar (54:9)
ٰ ”.if you do not desist you will surely be stoned , َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم They said, “O Nūḥ • • Surah Ash Shua’ara (26: 116) The perseverance of Sayyiduna Nuh in the face of ignorance and terror
Ibn Asākirٰ narrated from Sayyidunā Ibn Abbās • that Sayyidunā Nūḥ’s nation َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ struck him to the extent that they caused ٰ to be َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم Sayyidunā Nūḥ severely wounded. ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ They covered Sayyidunā Nūḥ • in a woollen cloth and threw him into his َوال َّس ََل ُم ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ house. They thought Sayyidunā Nūḥ had passed away but Sayyidunā Nūḥ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُ م ٰ came in that state again َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم to invite them to the truth. Who did Sayyiduna Nuh turn to? • “He said, “My Lord! Help me as they deny me.” Surah Al Muminun (23: 26) • “He said, “My Lord, my people have denied me. Therefore make a decisive judgement between me and them, and rescue me and the believers along with me.” Surah Ash-Shu’ara (26:117-118) • “He therefore prayed to His Lord, “I am overpowered, therefore avenge me.” Surah Al Qamar (54: 10) • “And Nūḥ prayed, “O my Lord! Do not leave any of the disbelievers dwelling in the land. Indeed if you spare them, they will mislead your bondmen – and their descendants, if any, will be none except the wicked, very ungrateful.” Surah Nūḥ(71: 26-27) The misfortune of this nation
• “And it was divinely revealed to Nūḥ that “None of your people will become Muslims except those who have already accepted faith – therefore do not grieve at what they do.” Surah Hud (11:36) Why did Sayyiduna Nuh pray for the destruction of his nation? • ‘Help me for Your sake and the sake of Your Religion for I am overcome and frail in regards to assisting Your religion.’ At-Tafseer Al-Kabeer regarding Surah Al Qamar (54: 10)
• Sayyidunā Nūḥ’s supplication for the destruction of his nation was not due to their swearing, their threats or their command for him to be stoned. The only reason ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َن ا for this supplication was that Sayyidunā Nūḥ َع َّز َو َج َّل had been informed by Allāĥ َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم that no one else from the nation besides those who had already entered into the folds of Imaan (faith) was going to accept faith. The Disgrace of the disrespectful
• “And build the ship in front of Us, and by Our Command, and do not speak to Me regarding the unjust; they will surely be drowned.” Surah Hud (11:37) • “And Nūḥ was building the ship; and whenever the chiefs of his people passed by him, they used to laugh at him; he said, “If you laugh at us, then a time will come when we will laugh at you just as you laugh.” Surah Hud (11:38) The Ship ٰ by Ibn َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ It is narrated from Sayyidunā Ibn Abbās • ٰ did not possess َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم Asākir that Sayyidunā Nūḥ‘ َع َّز َو َج َّل information as to how to construct a ship. Allāĥ the Almighty ٰ through Waḥi َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم revealed to Sayyidunā Nūḥ (revelation) that the tip of the ship be made like a chicken and the middle of it be made like the craws of birds and the back of it be made like the tail of a chicken.
ٰ was also taught to make َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم Sayyidunā Nūḥ • doors on the corners of the ship which were to be strengthened with nails.
• Besides the bottom area, all other areas of the ship were to be ٰ and some َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َو ال َّس ََل ُم covered with tar. Sayyidunā Jibrīl .also assisted in the construction of the ship َع َل ی ِه ُم ال َّس ََل ُم other Angels Rooh-ul-Ma’ani Volume 7 Page 49 The description of the ship
• The length of the ship was one hundred metres (four hundred and a half feet) and its width was fifty metres (seventy five feet). Its height was thirty metres (forty five feet). The ship was designed with teak wood. Two years were spent in constructing the ship. The ship had three storeys. In the first level of the ship, there were wild animals, predators and insects. Domestic animals ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا were in the middle level whilst Sayyidunā Nūḥ and his fellow believers were on the َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم highest level along with their necessities such as food and drink etc. At-Tafseer Al-Kabeer Volume 17 Page 223 The amount of people on the ship
• Only those people were on board on the ship who had accepted ٰ which has been َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم faith with Sayyidunā Nūḥ َعٰلی discussed previously. They were three sons of Sayyidunā Nūḥ and the wives of each of these sons, Sayyidunā َنب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم ٰ ِ .himself along with one of his wives َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم Nūḥ These were altogether eight people from the same household. There were another seventy people who had embraced faith. Thus there were seventyٰ eight people altogether on the ship. ‘Allāmaĥ has classed a narration of seventy nine َر ح َم ُۃ ٰ ِّللا َت َعاٰلی َع َل ی ِہ Al-Ālūsī ٰ i.e. seventy َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َو ال َّس ََل ُم people besides Sayyidunā Nūḥ two faithful and seven family members along with Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ as the eightieth person on board the ship َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم as being authentic. According to this the passengers of the ship were eighty in number. Rooh-ul-Ma’ani The Overflowing Oven • “To the extent that when Our Command came and the oven overflowed.” (Surah Hud 11: 40) Command to ride on the ship and the arrival of the storm • “And he said, “Board it – upon Allāĥ’s name is its movement and its stopping; indeed my Lord is surely Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.” Surah Hud (11:41)
• “We therefore opened the gates of heaven, with water flowing furiously. And We caused springs to gush out from the Earth, so that the two waters met totalling a quantity that had been destined.” Surah Al Qamar (54: 11-12)
• “And the same carries them amid waves like mountains...” Surah Hud (11:42) ٰ states َر ح َم ُۃ ٰ ِّللا َت َعاٰلی َع َل ی ِہ Interpreting Surah Hud (11:42), ‘Allāmaĥ Ar-Rāzī • that the elevation of waves occurs when winds are fast. It is established from this that there were great gales along with rain and flooding resulting in waves that were challenging the peaks of mountains. At-Tafseer Al-Kabeer Volume 17 Page 230 The day when the ship reached Mount Judi
In Musnad Imām Aḥmadٰ and other works, it is narrated from Sayyidunā • َصلَّی ّللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع َلی ِه َو ٓالِ ِہ that the Noble Prophet َر ِض َي ّٰللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع ن ُہ Abu Ĥurairaĥ .passed by Jewish people who were fasting on the day of ‘Ashurah َو َسلَّ َم
asked why they observed َصلَّی ّللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع َلی ِه َو ٓالِ ِہ َو َسلَّ َم The Messenger of Allāĥ • received the response َصلَّی ّللاُ َت َعاٰلی َع َلی ِه َو ٓالِ ِہ َو َسلَّ َم this fast. The Noble Prophet ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ saved Prophet Mūsā َع َّز َو َج َّل that Allāĥ the Almighty .drowned Fir’awn َع َّز َو َج َّل and the tribe of Isrāīl on this day and He َوال َّس ََل ُم
ٰ reached the Jūdi َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم On this day the ship of Nūḥ • and Sayyidunā َعٰلی َنب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُ م Mountain. Sayyidunā Nūḥ ِ ٰ . َع َّز َو َج َّل fasted on this day to thank Allāĥ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم Mūsā ٰ .was born on the day of ‘Ashurah َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم Sayyidunā‘Isā • 10th day of Moharram-ul-Haram The drowning of Sayyidunā Nūḥ’s son
• “And Nūḥ called out to his son whereas he was standing apart, “O my son! Embark along with us and do not be with disbelievers. He said, “I shall take the refuge of a mountain – it will save me from the water;” (Nūḥ) said, “Today there is none who can rescue from ”.except upon whom He has mercy َع َّز َو َج َّل the punishment of Allāĥ And the wave came in between them, so he remained amongst the drowning.” Surah Hud (11:42-43)
• “And Nūḥ prayed to his Lord – he submitted, “My Lord! Indeed my son is also of my family, and surely Your promise is true and You are the Greatest Ruler of all.” He said, “O Nūḥ, he is not of your family; his deeds are most improper; therefore do not ask Me a thing of which you do not have knowledge; I advise you not to be unwise.” He submitted, “My Lord! I seek your refuge from asking you the thing of which I do not have knowledge; and if You do not forgive me and do not have mercy on me, I would then be a loser.” Surah Hud (11:45 – 47) Status of Religious Relation rather than genealogical relation
ٰ stated that Sayyidunā َر ح َم ُۃ ٰ ِّللا َت َعاٰلی َع َل ی ِہ Sayyiduna Abū Mansūr Maturīdī • Nūḥ’s son Kan’aan was a Munāfiq (hypocrite) who used to portray himself ٰ . َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃ ُ َوال َّس ََل ُم to be a believer in front of Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِ ہ ال َّص ََلۃُ If he made his disbelief apparent then Sayyidunā Nūḥ • would not have sought his preservation in the court of the Almighty َوال َّس ََل ُم . َع َّز َو َج ٰل
ٰ َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ promised Sayyidunā Nūḥ َع َّز َو َج َّل Allāĥ the Almighty • .that Sayyidunā Nūḥ’s family would be saved َوال َّس ََل ُم
ٰ requested in regard to his َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُ م Thus Sayyidunā Nūḥ • stated that the actions َع َّز َو َج َّل son who was a hypocrite. The Almighty Lord of this son were not good i.e. he was a disbeliever. • The status of religious proximity is foremost. If this is attained then there shall be benefit otherwise there shall be no benefit. Madaarik ut Tanzeel Page 254 The drowned wife
ٰ was called َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم One of the wives of Sayyidunā Nūḥ • .(Wāliĥaĥ) والهہ • She was a disbeliever and she used to say to people that Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ .(was insane (Allāĥ forbid َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم • She encouraged people to not accept the commands of Sayyidunā Nūḥ ٰ .She was also drowned . َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َوال َّس ََل ُم • It is stated in Tafseer Jalalain under Suraĥ Ĥūd verse 40 that both the son, ٰ are َعلی َن ِب ِّی َنا َو َع َل ی ِہ ال َّص ََلۃُ َو ال َّس ََل ُم Kan’aan and the wife of Sayyidunā Nūḥ mentioned as disbelievers who were drowned under part of the Verse;
• ِا ََّّل َم ن َس َب َق َع َل ی ِہ ا ْل َق ْو ُل
“Except those upon whom the Word has been passed...” Suraĥ Ĥūd verse 40, Explanation of Sayyiduna Nuh’s wife being a disbeliever and how this does not affect his greatness
• It is stated in At-Tafsīr Al-Kashāf that the wives of the Noble .were neither fornicators nor adulterers َع َل ی ِه ُم ال َّص ََل ُۃ َوال َّس ََل ُم Prophets However some of them were disbelievers and this is not problematic because sexual depravity has been viewed to be a defect in every era and people have naturally detested this characteristic throughout the generations. Therefore if a wife of a was to be immoral in this way then that would be َع َل ی ِہ ال َّس ََل ُم Prophet has َع َّز َو َج َّل Allāĥ the Almighty . َع َل ی ِہ ال َّس ََل ُم a defect for the Prophet free from all defects (so it is not َع َل ی ِه ُم ال َّس ََل ُم created the Prophets possible for their wives to carry out acts such as fornication or adultery). Disbelief was not a defect according to the disbelievers but rather as they perceived themselves to be on the truth, they viewed disbelief to be perfection rather than a defect. Thus . َع َل ی ِه ُم ال َّس ََل ُم disbelief could be found in the wives of the Prophets
Ruh ul Ma’ani, Volume 14 Page 192 The End of the Storm
• “And it was commanded, “O earth, swallow your water and, O sky, stop” – and the water was dried up and the matter was complete – and the ship stopped upon the mount Al- Jūdi and it was said, “Away with the unjust nation!” Surah Hud (11:43)
• When the disbelievers had all drowned, the storm was brought to an end, rain was halted and the Earth was commanded to absorb whatever water was upon it. Only those people and animals survived who were riding upon the ship. All other people, creatures, birds and wild animals drowned. Tafseer As Saawi, Hashiyah (marginal notes) upon Jalalain