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Diversité Phylogénétique Et Fonctionnelle Des Eumycètes Dans Les Écosystèmes Pélagiques Marlène Jobard-Portas

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Diversité Phylogénétique Et Fonctionnelle Des Eumycètes Dans Les Écosystèmes Pélagiques Marlène Jobard-Portas Diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle des Eumycètes dans les écosystèmes pélagiques Marlène Jobard-Portas To cite this version: Marlène Jobard-Portas. Diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle des Eumycètes dans les écosystèmes pélagiques. Sciences agricoles. Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. Français. NNT : 2010CLF22090. tel-00769938 HAL Id: tel-00769938 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769938 Submitted on 4 Jan 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE BLAISE PASCAL Année 2010 N°D.U. 2090 ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE, SANTE, AGRONOMIE, ENVIRONNEMENT N° d’ordre 535 Thèse Présentée à l’Université Blaise Pascal pour l’obtention du grade de DOCTEUR D’UNIVERSITE (Spécialité : Ecologie Microbienne) Soutenue le 14 Décembre 2010 Marlène JOBARD Diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle des Eumycètes dans les écosystèmes pélagiques Président : Pr Gilles Bourdier, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Fd, France Invité Institutionnel : Dr Henry-Michel Cauchie, CRP, Belvaux, Luxembourg Directeur de thèse : Dr Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Fd, France Rapporteur : Dr Claire Gachon, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK Rapporteur : Dr Christian Steinberg, INRA, Dijon, France Rapporteur : Dr Eric Viscogliosi, Institut Pasteur, Lille France Laboratoire « Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement », Unité Mixte de Recherche 6023 CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal 24, Avenue des Landais- BP 80026-63171 Aubière Cedex RReemmeerrcciiieemmeennttss JJ’’’aaiii ppaasssséé qquuaattrree aannss àà rrééaallliiisseerr mmaa tthhèèssee eett oonn ppoouurrrraa ddiiirree qquuee mmeess rreemmeerrcciiieemmeennttss oonntt ééttéé llloonnggss àà mmûûrriiirr,,, ttaanntt llleess ppeerrssoonnnneess eennvveerrss qquuiii jjjee vveeuuxx eexxpprriiimmeerr mmaa ggrraattiiittuuddee ssoonntt nnoommbbrreeuusseess... CCee ttrraavvaaiiilll ddee tthhèèssee aa ééttéé rrééaallliiisséé aauu lllaabboorraattooiiirree «« MMiiiccrroooorrggaanniiissmmeess ::: GGéénnoommee eett EEnnvviiirroonnnneemmeenntt »»,,, UUMMRR CCNNRRSS 66002233 ddiiirriiiggéé ppaarr MMoonnssiiieeuurr CChhrriiissttiiiaann AAmmbblllaarrdd qquuee jjjee rreemmeerrcciiiee ppoouurr ssoonn aaccccuueeiiilll... JJee rreemmeerrcciiiee ééggaallleemmeenntt ssiiinnccèèrreemmeenntt MMoonnssiiieeuurr GGéérraarrdd FFoonnttyy,,, ddiiirreecctteeuurr ddee lll’’’ééqquuiiippee VViiirruuss eett MMééttaabboollliiissmmeess MMiiiccrroobbiiieennss eenn mmiiillliiieeuu aaqquuaattiiiqquuee,,, ddoonntt lllaa rreennccoonnttrree eett llleess ddiiissccuussssiiioonnss mm’’’oonntt bbeeaauuccoouupp iiinnssppiiirrééee ttoouutt aauu llloonngg ddee ccee ppaarrccoouurrss... JJee rreemmeerrcciiiee lllee FFoonndd NNaattiiioonnaalll ddee lllaa RReecchheerrcchhee dduu LLuuxxeemmbboouurrgg ddee mm’’’aavvooiiirr aattttrriiibbuuéé llleess qquuaattrree aannnnééeess ddee ffiiinnaanncceemmeenntt ddee tthhèèssee mmee ppeerrmmeettttaanntt aaiiinnssiii ddee rrééaallliiisseerr ccee ttrraavvaaiiilll... JJee rreemmeerrcciiiee ééggaallleemmeenntt lll’’’eennsseemmbblllee ddeess mmeemmbbrreess dduu jjjuurryy ddee tthhèèssee DDrr CChhrriiissttiiiaann SStteeiiinnbbeerrgg,,, DDrr EErriiicc VViiissccooggllliiioossiii,,, DDrr CClllaaiiirree GGaacchhoonn,,, DDrr HHeennrryy---MMiiicchheelll CCaauucchhiiiee,,, PPrr GGiiilllllleess BBoouurrddiiieerr eett DDrr TTééllleesspphhoorree SSiiimmee---NNggaannddoo dd’’’aavvooiiirr aacccceeppttéé ddee jjjuuggeerr mmoonn ttrraavvaaiiilll ddee tthhèèssee... LL’’’ééttaappee ddee lllaa rrééddaaccttiiioonn eett ddee lllaa ssoouutteennaannccee eesstt iiimmppoorrttaannttee ddaannss lllaa vviiiee pprrooffeessssiiioonnnneellllllee dd’’’uunn ddoocctteeuurr eett jjjee ggaarrddeerraaiii uunn pprréécciiieeuuxx ssoouuvveenniiirr ddee cceess mmoommeennttss... JJee ttiiieennss mmaaiiinntteennaanntt àà rreemmeerrcciiieerr ppllluuss ppaarrttiiiccuullliiièèrreemmeenntt TTééllleesspphhoorree SSiiimmee---NNggaannddoo ;;; MMeerrcciii ddee mm’’’aavvooiiirr ddoonnnnéé lll’’’ooppppoorrttuunniiittéé ddee ttrraavvaaiiilllllleerr ssuurr cceettttee tthhéémmaattiiiqquuee eett ddee mm’’’aavvooiiirr aaccccoommppaaggnnééee ttoouutt aauu llloonngg ddee cceettttee tthhèèssee,,, ddeeppuuiiiss lllaa rrééddaaccttiiioonn dduu pprroojjjeett ddee rreecchheerrcchhee jjjuussqquu’’’àà ssaa ssoouutteennaannccee... VVoouuss mm’’’aavveezz ffaaiiitt ccoonnffiiiaannccee ddèèss lllee ddéébbuutt ppoouurr ttrraavvaaiiilllllleerr ddaannss vvoottrree ééqquuiiippee... VVoouuss mm’’’aavveezz lllaaiiisssséé uunnee ggrraannddee aauuttoonnoommiiiee eett uunnee llliiibbeerrttéé qquuiii mm’’’oonntt ppeerrmmiiiss ddee mm’’’aaffffiiirrmmeerr eett ddee mm’’’ééppaannoouuiiirr ddaannss ccee pprroojjjeett... CCeettttee tthhèèssee nn’’’aauurraaiiitt ppaass ééttéé aaiiinnssiii ssaannss vvoouuss eett jjjee vvoouuss eenn ssuuiiiss ttrrèèss rreeccoonnnnaaiiissssaannttee... JJee vvoouuddrraaiiiss ééggaallleemmeenntt rreemmeerrcciiieerr EEmmiiillliiiee LLeeffèèvvrree ddee mm’’’aavvooiiirr aaccccoommppaaggnnééee ddaannss llleess ddéébbuuttss ddee mmeess rreecchheerrcchheess ssuurr llleess cchhaammppiiiggnnoonnss aaqquuaattiiiqquueess... PPaarr aaiiilllllleeuurrss,,, jjjee ssuuiiiss eexxttrrêêmmeemmeenntt rreeccoonnnnaaiiissssaannttee eennvveerrss LLuucciiilllee,,, mmaa ssuuppeerr ssttaaggiiiaaiiirree,,, aarrrriiivvééee eenn 22001100 eett ddoonntt llleess ccoommppéétteenncceess,,, lll’’’aauuttoonnoommiiiee eett lll’’’eeffffiiiccaacciiittéé mm’’’oonntt bbeeaauuccoouupp aaiiiddééee ppoouurr ffiiinniiirr llleess ddeerrnniiieerrss ttrraavvaauuxx ddee PPCCRRqq... JJee ttee rreemmeerrcciiiee ppoouurr ttoouuttee lll’’’aaiiiddee qquuee ttuu mm’’’aass aappppoorrttééee mmaaiiiss ééggaallleemmeenntt ppoouurr tteess qquuaallliiittééss hhuummaaiiinneess,,, ttaa ssyymmppaatthhiiiee eett ttaa bboonnnnee hhuummeeuurr... CCeettttee pprreemmiiièèrree eexxppéérriiieennccee dd’’’eennccaaddrreemmeenntt aa ééttéé uunn vvrraaiii pplllaaiiissiiirr ggrrââccee àà ttooiii... JJee rreemmeerrcciiiee ssiiinnccèèrreemmeenntt HHeennrryy---MMiiicchheelll CCaauucchhiiiee eett ttoouutteess llleess ppeerrssoonnnneess qquuee jjj’’’aaiii rreennccoonnttrrééeess aauu CCeennttrree ddee RReecchheerrcchhee PPuubbllliiiqquuee GGaabbrriiieelll LLiiippppmmaannnn,,, nnoottaammmmeenntt LLaauurreenntt SSoollliiinnhhaacc... JJee vvoouuss rreemmeerrcciiiee ddee lll’’’aaiiiddee eett ddee lll’’’aaccccuueeiiilll rreeççuuss llloorrss ddee mmeess ddéépplllaacceemmeennttss aauu LLuuxxeemmbboouurrgg... MMeerrcciii ééggaallleemmeenntt àà CChhrriiissttiiiaann,,, VVéérroo eett NNaadd,,, ppoouurr mm’’’aavvooiiirr aaccccuueeiiilllllliiiee eett aaiiiddééee llloorrss ddee mmoonn ssééjjjoouurr àà lll’’’IINNRRAA ddee DDiiijjjoonn... MMeerrcciii ppoouurr vvoottrree ssyymmppaatthhiiiee,,, vvoottrree ggeennttiiilllllleessssee eett vvoottrree ddiiissppoonniiibbiiillliiittéé... JJee nn’’’aauurraaiii ppaass ppuu rrééaallliiisseerr mmaa tthhèèssee ssaannss rreevveenniiirr àà «« mmeess oorriiiggiiinneess »» eett aauupprrèèss ddee cceeuuxx qquuiii mm’’’oonntt jjjaaddiiiss iiinniiittiiiééee aauuxx jjjooiiieess ddee lllaa rreecchheerrcchhee ssuurr llleess cchhaammppiiiggnnoonnss... CCeess aannnnééeess ddee tthhèèssee mm’’’oonntt,,, ppaarr aaiiilllllleeuurrss,,, ppeerrmmiiiss ddee ttrraavvaaiiilllllleerr aavveecc DDeenniiiss,,, LLiiioonneelll,,, CChhrriiissttoopphhee,,, JJoonnaatthhaann,,, JJeeaann---CClllaauuddee DD... eett JJeeaann CClllaauuddee RR... qquuee jjjee rreemmeerrcciiiee ssiiinnccèèrreemmeenntt ppoouurr llleeuurr eenntthhoouussiiiaassmmee eett llleeuurr bboonnnnee hhuummeeuurr àà ttoouutteess éépprreeuuvveess... LLeess ssoorrttiiieess tteerrrraaiiinnss ssee ssoonntt rréévvéélllééeess ttoouujjjoouurrss aaggrrééaabbllleess mmaalllggrréé lllee mmaauuvvaaiiiss tteemmppss,,, lllaa rroouuttee eett llleess ggaalllèèrreess mmaattéérriiieelllllleess... MMeerrcciii ééggaallleemmeenntt àà SSttéépphhaannee TTaarrttaauudd eett AAuurrééllliiieenn AArrvviiiss dduu SSYYMMIIVVAA ddee mm’’’aavvooiiirr aaccccoommppaaggnnééee eett ddee mm’’’aavvooiiirr aaiiiddééee ppoouurr llleess éécchhaannttiiilllllloonnnnaaggeess qquuee jjj’’’aaiii rrééaallliiissééss ssuurr lllee mmaaggnniiiffiiiqquuee lllaacc ddee VVaassssiiivviiièèrree... MMaalllggrréé lllaa ddiiissttaannccee eett llleess llloonngguueess hheeuurreess ddee ffiiilllttrraattiiioonn,,, jjjee ggaarrddee uunn ttrrèèss bboonn ssoouuvveenniiirr ddee cceess jjjoouurrnnééeess... JJee ttiiieennss ééggaallleemmeenntt àà aaddrreesssseerr uunn éénnoorrmmee mmeerrcciii àà NNaatthhaallliiiee,,, BBrriiiggiiittttee eett YYvveettttee... GGrrââccee àà eelllllleess,,, llleess pprroobblllèèmmeess aaddmmiiinniiissttrraattiiiffss oonntt ppuu êêttrree rrééssoollluuss ttoouujjjoouurrss ddaannss llleess tteemmppss eett aavveecc lllee ssoouurriiirree... UUnnee tthhèèssee,,, cc’’’eesstt ééggaallleemmeenntt lll’’’ooccccaassiiioonn ddee rreennccoonnttrreerr ddeess ppeerrssoonnnneess ddoonntt jjjee ggaarrddeerraaiii uunn pprréécciiieeuuxx ssoouuvveenniiirr... JJee rreemmeerrcciiiee AAuurrééllliiiee,,, AAggnnèèss,,, CClllaaiiirree,,, OOllliiivviiieerr,,, SSéébbaassttiiieenn,,, JJéérrôômmee,,,
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