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Bulletin De Liaison Et D'information INSTITUT KUDE RPARD IS E Bulletin de liaison et d’information N°359 FEVRIER 2015 La publication de ce Bulletin bénéficie de subventions du Ministère français des Affaires étrangères (DGCID) et du Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (FASILD) ————— Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € — Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France : 60 € — Etranger : 75 € Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 13 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01- 48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01- 48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Bulletin de liaison et d’information de l’Institut kurde de Paris N° 359 février 2015 • BAGDAD : L’ACCORD SUR LE PÉTROLE KURDE FORTEMENT COMPROMIS • KURDISTAN D’IRAK : LE GOUVERNEMENT KURDE S’OPPOSE FERMEMENTÀ L’ENTRÉE DE MILICES CHIITES À KIRKOUK • L’ÉTAT ISLAMIQUE S’EN PREND AU PATRIMOINE CULTUREL • KOBANÎ : LIBÉRATION DE TOUS LES VILLAGES DU CANTON • TURQUIE : ÖCALAN APPELLE LE PKK À DÉSAR - MER • CULTURE : MORT DE YACHAR KEMAL BAGDAD : L’ACCORD SUR LE PÉTROLE KURDE FORTEMENT COMPROMIS lors qu’un accord de Organization for Marketing of desquelles ils se sont lourdement plus sur le pétrole avait Oil), la société qui est à la fois en endettés. A été signé entre Bagdad charge de l’exportation, de la com - et Erbil en décembre mercialisation et de la distribution Les contreparties demandées par dernier, accord qui du pétrole et des produits raffinés les Kurdes – le versement de 17% devait prendre effet au début de en Irak. En contrepartie, la Région du budget irakien, l’entretien et la l’année, il semble aujourd’hui du Kurdistan doit recevoir enfin solde des Peshmergas – ne sont menacé tant pour des raisons de ses 17% du budget irakien, lequel, toujours pas respectées concrète - suspicions politiques que par la pour 2015, devrait être d’un mon - ment, même en violation de l’ac - difficulté ou l’incapacité des tant de 103 milliards de dollars. cord. Certaines voix, au sein du deux parties à en respecter, GRK, soupçonnent Nouri Maliki, financièrement et économique - Mais le 1er février, une délégation l’ancien Premier Ministre mainte - ment, les termes. du GRK s’est rendue à Bagdad nant vice-président d’Irak, mais avec l’intention de renégocier les toujours irréductible ennemi des L’accord stipule en effet que le termes de l’accord, indiquant que Kurdes, de mettre des obstacles au Kurdistan doit envoyer 300.000 550.000 barils par jour était un versement effectif des sommes barils par jour de Kirkouk et montant trop lourd pour Erbil, car dues par Bagdad aux Kurdes. Sur 250.000 du reste de la région les Kurdes doivent aussi céder son site, le GRK affirme que kurde à la SOMO (State leur pétrole à des sociétés auprès Bagdad n’a, de toute façon, pas le • 2 • Bulletin de liaison et d’information n° 359 • février 2015 fonds suffisants pour respecter sa tions ne se fassent plus que tous les Massoud Barzani a à son tour envi - part de l’accord : « Il est apparu trois mois sagé, lors d’une conférence de pres - clairement, lors de la réunion, se, de cesser les envois de pétrole si qu’en raison de la crise financière « Nous leur avons dit de vérifier le la part kurde du budget ne parve - et du manque de liquidités, le montant de pétrole que nous leur nait pas enfin à Erbil. gouvernement irakien ne peut enverrons tous les trois mois. Si nos donner au GRK la part du budget livraisons sont en dessous du volu - Quant au Premier Ministre kurde, qui lui revient. » me prévu, ils pourront couper notre deux jours après la déclaration de budget au début du quatrième son homologue irakien, il a de nou - Le 16 janvier, le Premier ministre mois. » veau donné une conférence de pres - Nêçirvan Barzani a déclaré à l’agen - se, où il a répété que son gouverne - ce Reuters que l’accord de décembre Nêçirvan Barzani a ensuite donné des ment « ferait de son mieux » pour pourrait être rompu si le gouverne - précisions sur la crise financière que résoudre la question du budget, ment central ne reprenait pas les traverse l’Irak surtout en raison de la mais que sa patience n’était pas infi - paiements dus sur son budget : « chute des prix du pétrole qui ont bais - nie. Selon l’accord, si les deux parties ne sé de 60 % en sept mois : en 2014, le parviennent pas à respecter les budget national a perdu 50 milliards « Nous souhaitons un accord avec articles, l’accord prendra fin. Nous de dollars, alors que 95% de ses res - Bagdad et nous voulons que le avons exporté le montant requis de sources dépendent de ce secteur. peuple du Kurdistan, les États-Unis pétrole, mais le problème est que Quant au Kurdistan, il est lui aussi et les autres pays sachent que nous Bagdad n’a pas d’argent à envoyer à touché par cette baisse et aurait avons fait de notre mieux envers la Région du Kurdistan. » besoin de 10 milliards de dollars pour Bagdad. Mais il faut aussi que ceci surmonter sa crise financière. soit clair : nous ne pouvons tolérer Les deux parties souffrent d’une plus longtemps cette situation […] grave pénurie de ressources finan - Mais si le Premier Ministre a tenu Malheureusement, Bagdad agit cières, en raison de la guerre qui a d’abord un langage conciliant, comme une compagnie pétrolière ralenti l’exploitation, des chutes du d’autres voix, notamment parmi les envers une partie du pays plus que prix du baril et, pour le Kurdistan, députés et les ministres kurdes à comme un État. » du poids économique que font peser Bagdad, ont souhaité ou menacé de plus d’un million et demi de réfu - rompre l’accord voire même de se « Bagdad nous a dit que nous avons giés, venus d’Irak ou de Syrie. retirer du gouvernement. Et les pro - exporté plus de pétrole qu’il était pos qu’a tenus, quelques jours plus prévu dans l’accord, ce qui est vrai, « Il est évident que nous avons signé tard, le 22 février, le Premier mais nous avons dit à Abadi lors de un accord avec un pays en faillite », Ministre irakien sur les chaînes ira - notre première réunion, que nous a ajouté Nêçirvan Barzani. « Nous kiennes, n’ont guère conforté le avions reçu des avances de fonds avons respecté totalement l’accord, camp des modérés à la table des pour les salaires de nos gens [les mais son application doit être rem - négociations. fonctionnaires] de la part de socié - plie par les deux parties. » tés, en échange de notre pétrole. Hayder Al-Abadi a en effet déclaré Nous leur avons dit que même si Le Premier Ministre a révélé que que le Gouvernement régional du nous exportons un million de barils Bagdad proposait maintenant d’en - Kurdistan devait « prendre la res - par jour, nous ne pouvons leur don - voyer aux Kurdes 300 millions de ponsabilité » de payer ses propres ner que 550 000 en raison de ce que dollars, « ce qui est moins de la moi - fonctionnaires au lieu de recevoir nous devons aux sociétés pétro - tié de ce que nous avions convenu l’argent du gouvernement central : lières. » auparavant. » « Je ne suis pas contre l’envoi du traitement des fonctionnaires, mais Ainsi, si l’on veut résumer le dia - Malgré l’incapacité de Bagdad à res - il y a un problème que chacun doit logue de sourds qui dure depuis pecter ses engagements, le Premier savoir, et c’est qu’il y a des plus d’un mois, Bagdad reproche Ministre kurde a cependant indiqué employés du GRK qui n’ont pas été aux Kurdes de céder leur pétrole à le 16 février que son gouvernement engagés par le gouvernement ira - des sociétés étrangères afin que ces ne stopperait pas les envois de kien mais sont plutôt employés par mêmes Kurdes paient leurs fonc - pétrole, revenant sur la menace de la Région du Kurdistan. » tionnaires privés d’un traitement couper les exportations, qu’il avait que Bagdad leur refuse depuis un émise le 29 janvier, avant que sa Cela n’a évidemment pas incité les an, et pour cette raison continue de délégation ne se rende à Bagdad. Kurdes à continuer sur le ton de la geler l’envoi du budget kurde ; ce Mais il a proposé que la vérification compréhension et de la bonne qui oblige Erbil à s’endetter plus du volume global de ces exporta - volonté et cette fois, le président encore auprès des sociétés. n° 359 • février 2015 Bulletin de liaison et d’information • 3• KIRKOUK : LE GOUVERNEMENT KURDE S’OPPOSE FERMEMENT À L’ENTRÉE DES MILICES CHIITES e gouvernement irakien quand l’EI a tenté de pénétrer régions sunnites prises par Daesh, a adopté un projet de loi, dans la ville et que des combat - notamment dans la Diyala, elle est L le 3 février, qui ouvre la tants de la Mobilisation populaire accusée de représailles aveugles voie à la légalisation du l’ont repoussé aux côtés des contre des civils. Des officiers ira - statut des groupes para - Peshmergas. Ce n’est pas la seule kiens se plaignent par ailleurs de militaires chiites disparates et des fois où Peshmergas et miliciens voir les forces para-militaires forces sunnites tribales, qui chiites ont coopéré dans des mieux équipées et armées, que seraient regroupés sous le com - régions où ils étaient déployés leurs propres troupes.
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