The Superior Temporal Sulcus Performs a Common Function for Social and Speech Perception: Implications for the Emergence of Autism
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Biological Motion Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-Analysis Greta Krasimirova Todorova1* , Rosalind Elizabeth Mcbean Hatton2 and Frank Earl Pollick1
Todorova et al. Molecular Autism (2019) 10:49 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0299-8 RESEARCH Open Access Biological motion perception in autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis Greta Krasimirova Todorova1* , Rosalind Elizabeth Mcbean Hatton2 and Frank Earl Pollick1 Abstract Background: Biological motion, namely the movement of others, conveys information that allows the identification of affective states and intentions. This makes it an important avenue of research in autism spectrum disorder where social functioning is one of the main areas of difficulty. We aimed to create a quantitative summary of previous findings and investigate potential factors, which could explain the variable results found in the literature investigating biological motion perception in autism. Methods: A search from five electronic databases yielded 52 papers eligible for a quantitative summarisation, including behavioural, eye-tracking, electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Results: Using a three-level random effects meta-analytic approach, we found that individuals with autism generally showed decreased performance in perception and interpretation of biological motion. Results additionally suggest decreased performance when higher order information, such as emotion, is required. Moreover, with the increase of age, the difference between autistic and neurotypical individuals decreases, with children showing the largest effect size overall. Conclusion: We highlight the need for methodological standards and clear distinctions -
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Epilepsy Research and Treatment Volume 2012, Article ID 176157, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2012/176157 Review Article AnatomyoftheTemporalLobe J. A. Kiernan Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1 Correspondence should be addressed to J. A. Kiernan, [email protected] Received 6 October 2011; Accepted 3 December 2011 Academic Editor: Seyed M. Mirsattari Copyright © 2012 J. A. Kiernan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Only primates have temporal lobes, which are largest in man, accommodating 17% of the cerebral cortex and including areas with auditory, olfactory, vestibular, visual and linguistic functions. The hippocampal formation, on the medial side of the lobe, includes the parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and associated white matter, notably the fimbria, whose fibres continue into the fornix. The hippocampus is an inrolled gyrus that bulges into the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Association fibres connect all parts of the cerebral cortex with the parahippocampal gyrus and subiculum, which in turn project to the dentate gyrus. The largest efferent projection of the subiculum and hippocampus is through the fornix to the hypothalamus. The choroid fissure, alongside the fimbria, separates the temporal lobe from the optic tract, hypothalamus and midbrain. The amygdala comprises several nuclei on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, mostly anterior the hippocampus and indenting the tip of the temporal horn. The amygdala receives input from the olfactory bulb and from association cortex for other modalities of sensation. -
The Neurobiology of Agrammatic Sentence Comprehension: a Lesion Study
The Neurobiology of Agrammatic Sentence Comprehension: A Lesion Study Corianne Rogalsky1, Arianna N. LaCroix1, Kuan-Hua Chen2,3, Steven W. Anderson2, Hanna Damasio4, Tracy Love5, and Gregory Hickok6 Abstract ■ Broca’s area has long been implicated in sentence compre- average did not exhibit the expected agrammatic compre- hension. Damage to this region is thought to be the central hension pattern—for example, their performance was >80% source of “agrammatic comprehension” in which performance on noncanonical sentences in the sentence–picture matching is substantially worse (and near chance) on sentences with non- task. Patients with ATL damage (n = 18) also did not exhibit canonical word orders compared with canonical word order an agrammatic comprehension pattern. Across our entire sentences (in English). This claim is supported by functional patient sample, the lesions of patients with agrammatic com- neuroimaging studies demonstrating greater activation in prehension patterns in either task had maximal overlap in pos- Broca’s area for noncanonical versus canonical sentences. terior superior temporal and inferior parietal regions. Using However, functional neuroimaging studies also have frequently voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping, we find that lower per- implicated the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in sentence pro- formances on canonical and noncanonical sentences in each cessing more broadly, and recent lesion–symptom mapping task are both associated with damage to a large left superior studies have implicated the ATL and mid temporal regions in temporal–inferior parietal network including portions of the agrammatic comprehension. This study investigates these ATL, but not Broca’s area. Notably, however, response bias in seemingly conflicting findings in 66 left-hemisphere patients plausibility judgments was significantly associated with damage with chronic focal cerebral damage. -
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai To cite this version: Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai. Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.93. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093. hal-01929541 HAL Id: hal-01929541 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929541 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 19 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093 Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans J. ten Donkelaar 1*†, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer 2† and Jürgen K. Mai 3† 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2 IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 3 Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany The gyri and sulci of the human brain were defined by pioneers such as Louis-Pierre Gratiolet and Alexander Ecker, and extensified by, among others, Dejerine (1895) and von Economo and Koskinas (1925). -
The Role of the Superior Temporal Sulcus and the Mirror Neuron System in Imitation
r Human Brain Mapping 31:1316–1326 (2010) r The Role of the Superior Temporal Sulcus and the Mirror Neuron System in Imitation Pascal Molenberghs,* Christopher Brander, Jason B. Mattingley, and Ross Cunnington The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute & School of Psychology, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia r r Abstract: It has been suggested that in humans the mirror neuron system provides a neural substrate for imitation behaviour, but the relative contributions of different brain regions to the imitation of manual actions is still a matter of debate. To investigate the role of the mirror neuron system in imita- tion we used fMRI to examine patterns of neural activity under four different conditions: passive ob- servation of a pantomimed action (e.g., hammering a nail); (2) imitation of an observed action; (3) execution of an action in response to a word cue; and (4) self-selected execution of an action. A net- work of cortical areas, including the left supramarginal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, left dorsal premotor area and bilateral superior temporal sulcus (STS), was significantly active across all four con- ditions. Crucially, within this network the STS bilaterally was the only region in which activity was significantly greater for action imitation than for the passive observation and execution conditions. We suggest that the role of the STS in imitation is not merely to passively register observed biological motion, but rather to actively represent visuomotor correspondences between one’s own actions and the actions of others. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1316–1326, 2010. VC 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: fMRI; imitation; mirror neuron system r r INTRODUCTION ror neurons are visuomotor neurons that fire both when an action is performed and when a similar or identical Motor imitation involves observing the action of another action is passively observed [Rizzolatti and Craighero, individual and matching one’s own movements to those 2004]. -
The Human Brain Hemisphere Controls the Left Side of the Body and the Left What Makes the Human Brain Unique Is Its Size
About the brain Cerebrum (also known as the The brain is made up of around 100 billion nerve cells - each one cerebral cortex or forebrain) is connected to another 10,000. This means that, in total, we The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is split in to two have around 1,000 trillion connections in our brains. (This would ‘halves’ of roughly equal size called hemispheres. The two be written as 1,000,000,000,000,000). These are ultimately hemispheres, the left and right, are joined together by a bundle responsible for who we are. Our brains control the decisions we of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum. The right make, the way we learn, move, and how we feel. The human brain hemisphere controls the left side of the body and the left What makes the human brain unique is its size. Our brains have a hemisphere controls the right side of the body. The cerebrum is larger cerebral cortex, or cerebrum, relative to the rest of the The human brain is the centre of our nervous further divided in to four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and brain than any other animal. (See the Cerebrum section of this temporal, which have different functions. system. It is the most complex organ in our fact sheet for further information.) This enables us to have abilities The frontal lobe body and is responsible for everything we do - such as complex language, problem-solving and self-control. The frontal lobe is located at the front of the brain. -
Surgical Anatomy of the Insula Christophe Destrieux, Igor Lima Maldonado, Louis-Marie Terrier, Ilyess Zemmoura
Surgical Anatomy of the Insula Christophe Destrieux, Igor Lima Maldonado, Louis-Marie Terrier, Ilyess Zemmoura To cite this version: Christophe Destrieux, Igor Lima Maldonado, Louis-Marie Terrier, Ilyess Zemmoura. Surgical Anatomy of the Insula. Mehmet Turgut; Canan Yurttaş; R. Shane Tubbs. Island of Reil (Insula) in the Human Brain. Anatomical, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects, 19, Springer, pp.23-37, 2018, 978-3-319-75467-3. 10.1007/978-3-319-75468-0_3. hal-02539550 HAL Id: hal-02539550 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02539550 Submitted on 15 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Surgical Anatomy of the insula Christophe Destrieux1, 2, Igor Lima Maldonado3, Louis-Marie Terrier1, 2, Ilyess Zemmoura1, 2 1 : Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France 2 : CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurochirurgie , Tours, France 3 : Universidade Federal da Bahia, Laboratório de Anatomia e Dissecção, Departamento de Biomorfologia - Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil 1. Abstract The insula was for a long time considered as one of the most challenging areas of the brain. This is mainly related to its location, deep and medial to the fronto-parietal, temporal and fronto-orbital opercula. -
Function of Cerebral Cortex
FUNCTION OF CEREBRAL CORTEX Course: Neuropsychology CC-6 (M.A PSYCHOLOGY SEM II); Unit I By Dr. Priyanka Kumari Assistant Professor Institute of Psychological Research and Service Patna University Contact No.7654991023; E-mail- [email protected] The cerebral cortex—the thin outer covering of the brain-is the part of the brain responsible for our ability to reason, plan, remember, and imagine. Cerebral Cortex accounts for our impressive capacity to process and transform information. The cerebral cortex is only about one-eighth of an inch thick, but it contains billions of neurons, each connected to thousands of others. The predominance of cell bodies gives the cortex a brownish gray colour. Because of its appearance, the cortex is often referred to as gray matter. Beneath the cortex are myelin-sheathed axons connecting the neurons of the cortex with those of other parts of the brain. The large concentrations of myelin make this tissue look whitish and opaque, and hence it is often referred to as white matter. The cortex is divided into two nearly symmetrical halves, the cerebral hemispheres . Thus, many of the structures of the cerebral cortex appear in both the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The two hemispheres appear to be somewhat specialized in the functions they perform. The cerebral hemispheres are folded into many ridges and grooves, which greatly increase their surface area. Each hemisphere is usually described, on the basis of the largest of these grooves or fissures, as being divided into four distinct regions or lobes. The four lobes are: • Frontal, • Parietal, • Occipital, and • Temporal. -
Neural Correlates Underlying Change in State Self-Esteem Hiroaki Kawamichi 1,2,3, Sho K
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Neural correlates underlying change in state self-esteem Hiroaki Kawamichi 1,2,3, Sho K. Sugawara2,4,5, Yuki H. Hamano2,5,6, Ryo Kitada 2,7, Eri Nakagawa2, Takanori Kochiyama8 & Norihiro Sadato 2,5 Received: 21 July 2017 State self-esteem, the momentary feeling of self-worth, functions as a sociometer involved in Accepted: 11 January 2018 maintenance of interpersonal relations. How others’ appraisal is subjectively interpreted to change Published: xx xx xxxx state self-esteem is unknown, and the neural underpinnings of this process remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that changes in state self-esteem are represented by the mentalizing network, which is modulated by interactions with regions involved in the subjective interpretation of others’ appraisal. To test this hypothesis, we conducted task-based and resting-state fMRI. Participants were repeatedly presented with their reputations, and then rated their pleasantness and reported their state self- esteem. To evaluate the individual sensitivity of the change in state self-esteem based on pleasantness (i.e., the subjective interpretation of reputation), we calculated evaluation sensitivity as the rate of change in state self-esteem per unit pleasantness. Evaluation sensitivity varied across participants, and was positively correlated with precuneus activity evoked by reputation rating. Resting-state fMRI revealed that evaluation sensitivity was positively correlated with functional connectivity of the precuneus with areas activated by negative reputation, but negatively correlated with areas activated by positive reputation. Thus, the precuneus, as the part of the mentalizing system, serves as a gateway for translating the subjective interpretation of reputation into state self-esteem. -
Dissociable Roles of Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Anterior Inferotemporal Cortex in Visual Working Memory
The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2000, 20(19):7496–7503 Dissociable Roles of Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Anterior Inferotemporal Cortex in Visual Working Memory Michael Petrides Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada Functional neuroimaging in human subjects and studies of mon- anterior inferotemporal lesions. This demonstration of a double keys with lesions limited to the mid-dorsolateral (MDL) prefrontal dissociation between the effects of these two lesions provides cortex have shown that this specific region of the prefrontal strong evidence that the role of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in visual working memory, although its precise cortex in visual working memory does not lie in the maintenance role remains a matter of debate. The present study compared the of information per se, but rather in the executive process of effect on visual working memory of lesions restricted to the monitoring this information. In addition, the present study dem- mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the monkey with that of onstrated that lesions limited to area 9, which constitutes the lesions to the anterior inferotemporal cortex, a region of the superior part of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region, give rise to temporal cortex specialized for visual memory. Increasing the a mild impairment in the monitoring of information, whereas delay during which information had to be maintained in visual lesions of the complete mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region yield a working memory impaired performance after lesions of the an- very severe impairment. terior inferotemporal cortex, but not after mid-dorsolateral pre- frontal lesions. -
Altered Brain Activation During Action Imitation and Observation in Schizophrenia: a Translational Approach to Investigating Social Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Article Altered Brain Activation During Action Imitation and Observation in Schizophrenia: A Translational Approach to Investigating Social Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Katharine N. Thakkar, Ph.D. Objective: Social impairments are a key Results: Activation in the mirror neuron feature of schizophrenia, but their un- system was less specific for imitation in Joel S. Peterman, M.A. derlying mechanisms are poorly under- schizophrenia. Relative to healthy sub- stood. Imitation, a process through which jects, patients had reduced activity in the Sohee Park, Ph.D. we understand the minds of others, posterior superior temporal sulcus dur- involves the so-called mirror neuron sys- ing imitation and greater activity in the tem, a network comprising the inferior posterior superior temporal sulcus and parietal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobe during nonimita- posterior superior temporal sulcus. The tive action. Patients also showed reduced authors examined mirror neuron system activity in these regions during action function in schizophrenia. observation. Mirror neuron system ac- tivation was related to symptom severity Method: Sixteen medicated schizophre- and social functioning in patients and nia patients and 16 healthy comparison to schizotypal syndrome in comparison subjects performed an action imitation/ subjects. observation task during functional MRI. Participants saw a video of a moving hand Conclusions: Given the role of the in- or spatial cue and were instructed to either ferior parietal lobe and posterior superior execute finger movements associated with temporal sulcus in imitation and social the stimulus or simply observe. Activation cognition, impaired imitative ability in in the mirror neuron system was measured schizophrenia may stem from faulty during imitative versus nonimitative perception of biological motion and trans- actions and observation of a moving hand formations from perception to action. -
Recognizing People from Their Movement
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association Human Perception and Performance 0096-1523/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.210 2005, Vol. 31, No. 1, 210–220 Recognizing People From Their Movement Fani Loula, Sapna Prasad, Kent Harber, and Maggie Shiffrar Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark Human observers demonstrate impressive visual sensitivity to human movement. What defines this sensitivity? If motor experience influences the visual analysis of action, then observers should be most sensitive to their own movements. If view-dependent visual experience determines visual sensitivity to human movement, then observers should be most sensitive to the movements of their friends. To test these predictions, participants viewed sagittal displays of point-light depictions of themselves, their friends, and strangers performing various actions. In actor identification and discrimination tasks, sensitivity to one’s own motion was highest. Visual sensitivity to friends’, but not strangers’, actions was above chance. Performance was action dependent. Control studies yielded chance performance with inverted and static displays, suggesting that form and low-motion cues did not define performance. These results suggest that both motor and visual experience define visual sensitivity to human action. As inherently social beings, humans depend on other people for 2003; Johansson, 1973). The goal of the current studies was to everything from emotional support to pedestrian safety. A funda- compare the contributions of both visual experience and motor mental prerequisite for successful social interaction is the ability to experience to visual sensitivity to a fundamental social attribute, perceive and interpret the actions of others.