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RAYMUND LULL First Missionary to the Moslems

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RAYMUND LULL First Missionary to the Moslems RAYMUND LULL First Missionary to the Moslems By SAMUEL III. ZWEMER, D.D., F. R. G. S. AllTHO'R 011' "Arabia,The Cradle of Islam," "Top1y-Turvy Land," etc• . ( r w) \.__,.___ ,. 1UNK & WAGNAUS COMPANY NewYork andLondon 1,02 T:\'fl'.E OF l{..\Y:\lU:'\"D LULL ,\T p.,\L'.\L\, '.\1.-\JOH.C:\. Contents Copyright, 191n, by PAGE iit Jl'UNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY lNTllODUCTION BY ROBERT E. SPEE!< lteglateredat Stationers' Hall, London, England PREPACK, . xxi [Pri1et#din tlu United StaJes ofA merU:aJ CHAPTER I. Europe and the Saracens in the Thirteenth Publilhed November, 190:a Century, 1 II. Raymund Lull's Birthplace and Early Life, 19 III. The Vision and Call to Service, 32 IV. Preparation for the Conflict, . 4 7 V. At Montpellier, Paris. and Rome, 63 VI. His First Missionary Journey to Tunis, 80 VII. Other Missionary Journeys, . 97 VIII. Raymund Lull as Philosopher and Author, 113 IX. His Last Missionary Journey and His Mar- trrdom, 132 X. "Who being Dead yet Speaketh," . • 14 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. Books written by Raymund Lull, 157 B. Books about Raymund Lull, 169 V List of Illustrations Statue of Raymund Lull at Palma, Majorca, Frontispiece FACING PAGE A Tenth-Century Map of the World. (The Cotton or Anglo-Saxon Map Restored), 6 General View of Palma, Majorca, 20 Church of San Francisco, Palma, Majorca, 24 Cloisters of the Church of San Francisco, 40 Facsimile of Page from Lull's Latin Works, 6o The Old Canal between Goletta and Tunis, 88 A Venetian Galley of the Thirteenth Century. (From an Old Print), . 98 The Harbor of Bugia, 104 The Town and Tower of Bugia, n2 The Prologue of John's Gospel in Catalan, n2 The Old Gateway of Bugia (Eleventh Century), 140 Tomb of Raymund Lull in Church of San Francis- co, Palma, Majorca, . 144 vii INTRODUCTION IT would be difficult to find another so competent as Dr. Zwemer to write a life of the first great missionary to the Moham­ medans. For twelve years he has been working with his associates of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church on the eastern coast of the Arabian peninsula and in the Turkish region northwest of the Persian Gulf. To an almost perfect com­ mand of Arabic, an accurate knowledge of the Koran, untiring zeal and indomitable courage, he has added an absorbing love for the Mohammedans, and a desire to make known to them in truth that Savior whom in their belief their prophet annuls and supersedes. ix 1 ntrot,uctton tntrot,uctton As I passed down the Persian Gulf in describing it sympathetically, which few the spring of I 897, the captains of the possess in the same measure. steamers, without qualification, spoke out And there has been great need that an in praise of the "lion-hearted" missionary, adequate life of Raymund Lull should be as they called him, who would sit on the written for English readers of this modern hatches with the Arab travelers and con­ day. He was the greatest missionary who found them out of their own scriptures. has ever gone out to the Moslem world. In the interval of itinerating journeys into He was one of the outstanding figures of the interior of El Hasa and Oman Dr. the Catholic Church in the thirteenth cen­ Zwemer has found time to produce a vol­ tury. He was a Christian of the modern ume on Arabia (published in 1900), which spirit of Catholicity-neither Roman nor is the standard authority on the peninsula, Protestant-a n1an of spiritual judgment, of and one of the best books available on divine love. He saw the futility of author­ the questions of interest to all Christians ity in matters of religion at the time that springing from the rise and extension of other men were busy with the most devil­ Islam. Loving the Mohammedans and ish expression of belief in authority ever knowing their religion thoroughly, and conceived-the Inquisition. He loved working constantly for an enlargement of Christ with a passionate love, and saw that the missionary force attempting the evan­ the only true missionary method was the gelization of the Moslem world, Dr. Z we- method of love. To leave his life in ob­ 1ner has qualifications for understand­ scurity would involve an incalculable loss ing the life of Raymund Lull, and for to the Church of our time. We need to X xi 1ntrotluctton lntrotluctton revive the memory of it, to relearn its se­ our notions in its terms. The missionary crets, and to confirm the highest Christian work will gain greatly by this new mode tendencies of our day by the recollection of thinking. Its purpose is to give life. of their noble illustration in the life of Its method is to do by the contact of life. Lull. Of all the men of his century of Raymund Lull proved this. He went out whom we know, Raymund Lull was most to give a divine life which he already pos­ possessed by the love and life of Christ, sessed in his own soul. Somerville, in and most eager, accordingly, to share his "St. Paul's Conception of Christ," points possession with the world. The world out that it was "in the consciousness of sadly needed it; the Church scarcely less. what the glorifiedChrist was to Paul in his It sets forth the greatness of Lull's charac­ personal life that we are to look for the ter the more strikingly to see how sharply genesis of his theology." It was in his he rose above the world and Church of his inner experience of the glorifiedChrist that day, anticipating by many centuries moral we are to look for the secret and source of standards, intellectual conceptions, and mis­ Raymund Lull's doctrine and life: what he sionary ambitions, to which we have grown thought, what he was, what he suffered. only slowly since the Reformation. And this must be true of all true mission­ The movement of our thought, theo­ aries. They do not go out to Asia and logical and philosophical, is now strongly Africa to say, "This is the doctrine of the toward biological conceptions. It is a gain Christian Church," or "Your science is that it should be so. We see that life is bad. Look through this microscope and the supreme thing, and that we must state see for yourselves and abandon such error," xii xiii 1Jntrotluctton fntrot,uctton or "Compare your condition with that of is with the Father and with His Son, Jesus America and see how much more socially Christ." The man who can not say this may beneficial Christianity is than Hinduism, be able to change the opinions of those to or Confucianism, or fetichism, or Islam." whom he goes, to improve their social con­ Doubtless all this has its place: the argu­ dition, to free them from many foolish ment from the coherence of Christianity errors and enslaving superstitions, but aft­ with the facts of the universe, the argu- er all this, the one thing which, if done, 1nent from fruit. But it is also all second­ would of itself have attended to these ary. The primary thing is personal testi­ things and a thousand others, may be still mony. "This I have felt. This Christ has unaccomplished-namely, the gift of life. done for me. I preach whom I know. The missionary who would do Paul's work That which was from the beginning, that or Lull's must be able to preach a living which I have heard, that which I have seen Christ, tested in experience, saved from all with my eyes, that which I beheld and my pantheistic error by the Incarnation and hands handled, concerning the Word of life the roots thus sunk in history, and by the (and the life was manifested, and I have Resurrection and the personality thus pre­ seen, and bear witness, and declare unto served in God above, but a Christ here and you the life, the eternal life, which was known, lived and ready to be given by life with the Father and was manifested unto to death, that death may become life. me), that which I have seen and heard de­ It would be easy to draw other parallels clare I unto you also, that ye also may have than this between Paul and Lull: their fellowship with me; yea, and my fellowship conversions, their subsequent times of sep- XlV xv tnttol>uctton tntto0uctton aration, their -visions, their untlnng toil, for contact with men so that he might their passion ior Christ, their sufferings reach them in the deepest intimacies of and shipwrecks, their intellectual activity their life, and be able thus to plant the and power, their martyrdoms, the rule of seed of the divine life which he bore. Christ supreme flius in death, supreme Therefore he learned Arabic, became a also in life, its thought, its purpose, its master of the Moslem philosophy, studied taste, its use, its friends, its sacrifice. But geography and the heart of man. And, the essence of all such comparison-the therefore, he became also a student of con1- real essence oE all true missionary char­ parative religion, as we would call him to­ acter-is the possession by the life of day. There was a great difference between Christ as life, and the ability thus to give, his view, however, and that of a large not a new doctrint only, not a new truth school of modern students of comparative to men, but a new life.
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