DOCSLIB.ORG

An Ecological Study on the Maluti Minnow (Pseudobarbus Quathlambae) in the Catchment Area of Phase Ib of the Lesotho Highland Water Scheme

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za (Accessed: Date). BP.1t/ !JviiJvJv AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE MALUTI MINNOW (PSEUDOBARBUS QUATHLAMBAE) IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF PHASE IB OF THE LESOTHO HIGHLAND WATER SCHEME BY JOHANNESLAMBERTUSRALL THESIS SUBMIITED IN FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ZOOLOGY IN TIlE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AT THE RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: DR. GJ. STEYN CO-SUPERVISOR: PROF. H.H. DU PREEZ CO·SUPERVISOR: DR. M. l\lAEMA NOVEMBER 1993 Aan my liefdevolle ouers Psalm 121: "Ek slaan my oe op na die berge: waar sal my hulp vandaan kom?" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS * I would like to express my sincere appreciation towards my supervisors, Dr. GJ. Steyn, Professor Hein H. Du Preez and Dr. M. Maema for support, guidance, encouragement, their professional commitment to conservation and their acknowledgment of the importance of individualism. * We are indebted to our sponsors, Lesotho Highlands Development Authority, Mazda Wildlife Fund, ENGEN, and Endangered Wildlife Trust. Without their respective contributions the project would not have been possible. Transportation of equipment, the major logistical problem, was partly overcome by an offroad vehicle provided by Mazda Wildlife Fund as well as a generous sponsorship of fuel from ENGEN. * In particular I would like to thank Lesotho Highlands Development Authority and the Preservation and Protection Board in Lesotho for permitting, funding and assisting the survey. The assistance and support of Mr. Jeness, Dr. Hennesey, Mr. Mothepu, Mr. Nkalai and Mr. Tsehlo are also sincerely appreciated. * I would also like to express my gratitude towards the Zoology Department of RAU for the infrastructure provided as well as Ms. Breytenbach, Ms. Snyman, Ms. Roets, Ms. de Lange and Paul Strijdom for typing and maps. Assistance with the statistical analyses was provided by Dr. Ben van Zyl and Dr. Tertius Harmse. The project received exposure on television, radio, newspapers and magazines owing to the excellent promotional work of Mss. Letitia Harding and Lisa Odendaal. * Field work was often conducted under difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions during which my field assistant, Mr. Kabelo, provided me with consistent help, friendship and knowledge of the area. * Medical supplies, advice and backup are essential in conducting such a field project safely. For provision of the above-mentioned I express my gratitude towards Dr. Dave van Buuren, Life-Line Medical Centre. * The team at RAU tegniek professionally developed and maintained most of the research equipment which saved the project large sums of money. The equipment was constantly improved and this meant that the project ended up with equipment of an excellent standard. We acknowledge this gratefully. * After long periods of isolation in the Maloti mountains I was always received with hospitality by my friends, Jonathan and Fiona Maile, who also assisted with logistical problems and the delivery of messages to and from RAU. * I would also like to thank my parents who provided me with the opportunity to conduct my studies over the years, as well as my brothers and family for their continued support and encouragement. * The painstaking process of typing the manuscript was conducted by Ms. V. Steenkamp who, in spite of repeated changes, maintained a good spirit. * In today's modern world I feel privileged to have been afforded the opportunity to come to understand the extent of man's vulnerability to the forces of nature. SUMMARY Predictions that the Mohale Dam (Phase 1B of Lesotho Highlands Water Project) will flood 87% of the habitat of Pseudobarbus quathlambae (Maloti minnow) in the Jordane River gave rise to serious concern about the survival of this endangered species. In order to gain baseline knowledge on the habitat preference, distribution and abundance as well as population dynamics of P. quathlambae, a seasonal survey (Winter 1991 to Winter 1992) was conducted in the Senqunyane, Jordane and Bokoaneng Rivers. This information is essential in determining the present status of the minnow's population and habitat as well as to determine the possible effect of the Mohale Dam on the resident minnow population and habitat. The data is also vital in the development of a monitoring and management strategy to ensure future survival of the species in this region. The measured physico-chemical parameters indicated that the water in this region is of high quality. Relatively high silt (29,5%) and ammonia concentrations (0,6 mgjl) were however recorded at specific anthropogcnically disturbed areas. At present the major threat to the minnow in this area is habitat degradation mainly due to anthropogenic pressure, which also explains the high silt and ammonia values. In their different life stages, P. quathlambae utilized most of the habitat types represented within the river, from open shallow gravel Oats to deep rubble flats and pools. The only habitat types where no P. quathlambae were sampled were deep ami silt laden pools. The fish were recorded throughout the study area and new distribution ranges were described in the Senqunyane, Jordane and Bokoaneng Rivers. Pseudobarbus quathlambae is relatively abundant in these rivers with an estimated population size of 3300. Seasonal migration does take place and it appears as though the 8 cm length group has a better ability to overcome obstacles such as waterfalls. The upstream area from the Semongkoaneng waterfall in the Senqunyane River can be described as a natural sanctuary for P. quathlambac, free from trout which predate on the minnow and also compete for the same niche. Within this sanctuary the Mohale Dam will flood 77% of P. quathlambae habitat in the Jordane River and 99% in the Bokoaneng River. With an approximate age of 4 years P. quathlambae is a medium lived species with a maximum calculated length of 13,69 em, a high mortality rate (Z=2,47) and a recruit survival of 8% at the end of the first year. Although the low recruit survival rate indicates the sensitivity of this species, the Senqunyane, Jordane and Bokoaneng population are maintaining a healthy and stable status. In order to ensure the conservation of these rivers and consequently the existence of the Maloti minnow, the development and enforcement of a conservation and management strategy is recommended. Catchment management should be conducted in close liaison with local people through village chiefs to prevent overgrazing and poor cultivation practices as well as washing directly in the rivers. Monitoring of siltation and ammonia concentrations should be conducted together with aquatic invertebrate monitoring as well as habitat quality indices in order to quantify habitat degradation to assist with future management. The effects of seasonal trends as well as migration habits of the Maloti minnow should be accounted for in future monitoring of population dynamics of the species. It is recommended that captive breeding, gamete preservation and resettlement should serve as species conservation measurements to ensure the survival of P. quathlambae in this environment in the face of the threat posed by the Mohale Dam. SAMEVATIING Voorspellings dat die Mohaledam (Fase 1B van die Lesotho Hoogland Water Skema) 87% van die habitat van Pseudobarbus quathlambae (Maloti ghielemientjie) gaan oorstroom het kommer oor die voortbestaan van die reeds bedreigde spesie gewek. Met die doel om agtergrondkennis ten opsigte van die habitatsvoorkeure, verspreiding en volopheid, asook bevolkingsdinamika van P. quathlambae te versamel, is '0 seisoenlikse opname (Winter 1991 tot Winter 1992) in die Senqunyane-, Jordane- en Bokoanengriviere uitgevoer. Hierdie inligting is noodsaaklik vir die bepaling van die status van die spesie se bevolking en habitat asook om die moontlike effek van Mohaledam op die heersende visbevolking en sy omgewing te bepaal. Die inligting is verder noodsaaklik ten einde 'n moniterings- en bestuurstegniek te ontwikkel om sodoende die toekomstige voortbestaan van die spesie in die omgewing te verseker. Alhoewel die gemetc fisiese en chemiese parameters getoon het dat die water in die omgewing van 'n hoe gehalte is, is hoe slik (29,5%) en ammoniak waardes (0,6 mg/I) by spesifieke antropogenies-geaffekteerde lokaliteite gemeet. Die grootste teenswoordige bedreiging op die voortbestaan van die ghieliemieotjie in hierdie gebied is habitat degradering wat uitsluitlik toegeskryf word aan antropogeniese druk, wat ook die oorsaak van die hoe slik en ammoniak lesings is. Verskillende lewensstadia van P. quathlambae beout verskeie habitat tipes teeowoordig in die riviere en wissel van vlak stadig vloeiende strornc met '0 gruis bodem, tot diep poele met 'n ru-klip bodem. Die enigste habitat tipes waar geen P. quathlambac versamel is nie, was diep en verslikte poeie. Die vis is oor die he Ie studiegebied versamel en nuwe verspreidingsgebiede is in die Senqunyane-, Jordane- en Bokoanengriviere beskryf. Pseudobarbus quathlambac is volop in die riviere met 'n berekende bevolkingsgrootte van 3300. Seisoenlikse migrasie is waargeneem en dit kom voor asof die 8 em Iengtegroep oor 'n groter vermoe beskik om hindernisse (soos waterval1e) in die rivicre te oorkom. Die gebied stroom-op van die Semongkoaneng waterval in die Senqunyanerivier word as 'n natuurlike reservaat vir P. quathlambae beskryf aangesien eksotiese roofvis afwesig is. Die Mohaledam gaan 77% van die habitat van P. quathlambae in die Jordane- eo 99% in die Bokoanengriviere binnc hierdic reservaat oorstroom.
Recommended publications
  • Freshwater Fishes

    Freshwater Fishes

    WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage.
  • Molecular Investigations of the Diversity of Freshwater Fishes Across Three Continents

    Molecular Investigations of the Diversity of Freshwater Fishes Across Three Continents

    Molecular Investigations of the Diversity of Freshwater Fishes across Three Continents by Malorie M. Hayes A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 8, 2020 Keywords: Enteromius, Barbus, sub-Saharan Africa, phylogenetics, systematics, Pteronotropis, conservation genetics, Trichomycterus, Guyana Copyright 2020 by Malorie M. Hayes Approved by Jonathan W. Armbruster, Chair, Professor and Director Auburn University Museum of Natural History Department of Biological Sciences Jason E. Bond, Professor and Schlinger Chair in Insect Systematics University of California, Davis Scott R. Santos, Professor and Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences at Auburn University John P. Friel, Director of the Alabama Museum of Natural History Abstract Fishes are the most speciose vertebrates, and incredible diversity can be found within different groups of fish. Due to their physiological limitations, fish are confined to waters, and in freshwater fish, this is restricted to lakes, rivers, and streams. With a constrained habitat like a freshwater system, it can be expected that freshwater fish will show varying levels of diversity depending on a suite of characteristics. Within this dissertation, I examine the diversity of three fish groups: the speciose Enteromius of West Africa, the population genetic diversity of Pteronotropis euryzonus in Alabama and Georgia, and the unexpectedly species rich Trichomycterus from the Guyana highlands. I use molecular methods and geometric morphometrics to determine the systematics of the species and uncover the hidden diversity within their respective groups. When it comes to diversity, the small barbs of Africa are vastly understudied and require a taxonomic revision.
  • Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment

    Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment

    Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................
  • The Case of Lesotho's Mohale

    The Case of Lesotho's Mohale

    African Study Monographs, 31(2): 57-106, July 2010 57 WHO DRIVES RESETTLEMENT? THE CASE OF LESOTHO’S MOHALE DAM Paul DEVITT Hunting-Consult 4 Joint Venture Robert K. HITCHCOCK Department of Geography, Michigan State University ABSTRACT The Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a joint development effort of the governments of Lesotho and South Africa, involved the construction of several large dams and other infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and power lines. The purpose of the dam and water transfer project was to provide water to the Gauteng region of South Africa and electricity to Lesotho. Phase 1B of the project, the Mohale Dam, resulted in the displacement of over 320 households and the inundation of villages, fi elds, and grazing lands. In line with the 1986 Treaty between the governments of Lesotho and South Africa, the project authorities provided compensation for losses suffered and put in place development projects in an effort to promote economic self-suffi ciency. This article assesses the degree to which project-affected people in the Lesotho highlands were actively engaged in planning and decision-making regarding their own resettlement and rehabilitation, and the extent to which public participation contributed to their subsequent welfare. Key Words: Lesotho; Dam project; Resettlement; Compensation; Development; Participation. INTRODUCTION Most large dams are built to provide power or water to people other than those who have to make the sacrifi ces necessary for the dams to be built. The people who lose their land and perhaps their homes, their communities, their jobs, the graves of their ancestors, and the abodes of their spirits seldom enjoy the benefi ts, and suffer many of the inconveniences, of these projects.
  • Download Curriculum Vitae

    Download Curriculum Vitae

    Curriculum Vitae SCOTT ALLEN SCHAEFER PERSONAL Address: American Museum of Natural History e mail: [email protected] Division of Vertebrate Zoology Voice: 212-769-5652 Central Park West at 79th Street Mobile: 215-570-2943 New York, NY 10024-5192 Fax: 212-769-5642 EDUCATION Ph.D. Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1986. Faculty advisors: Dr. G.V. Lauder, Dr. R.K. Johnson Dissertation: Historical Biology of the Loricariid Catfishes: Phylogenetics and Functional Morphology M.S. Marine Science, University of South Carolina, 1982. Faculty advisor: Dr. J.M. Dean Thesis: Variability in Abundance of the Summer-Spawned Ichthyoplankton Community of North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina B.S. Zoology, Ohio State University, 1980. POSTDOCTORAL 1987-1988 Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. 1986-1987 Postdoctoral Fellow in Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 2015- Dean of Science for Collections, Exhibitions, and the Public Understanding of Science, American Museum of Natural History. 2010-2015 Associate Dean of Science for Collections, American Museum of Natural History. 2008- Professor, Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History. 2003- Curator, American Museum of Natural History. 2001-2008 Curator-in-Charge, Dept. of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History. 1996-2003 Associate Curator, American Museum of Natural History. 1994-1996 Associate Curator, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1991-1996 Chairman, Dept. of Ichthyology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1988-1993 Assistant Curator, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. ACADEMIC AND ADJUNCT APPOINTMENTS 2005 External Thesis Examiner, E.R. Swartz, PhD candidate in molecular genetics, “Phylogenetics, phylogeography and evolution of the redfins (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Pseudobarbus) from southern Africa, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized I * * ¼~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~ -.- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 - I 0. laIt,\ KINGDOMOF LESOTHO LESOTHO HIGHLANDSDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LESOTHO HIGHLANDSWATER PROJECT PHASE 1B ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT May 1997 I Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase IB EnviromnentalImpact Assessmrent This EnvironmentalImpact Assessmentis dedicatedto the memoryof Dr. Malefane Maema, who died tragicallyin a motor accidentin November1996. Dr. Maema was a former Manager of the EnvironmentDivision of LHDA and a strong advocate of the environmentalimpact assessment process, particularly as a vehicle for the protection of the culture and socio-economyof the people of the Highlands.Following his career with the LHDA he pursued a teaching positionat the Universityof Natal where he continuedhis interest in environmentalmanagement and rural development.During the preparation of the Phase IB EIA Dr. Maema was a valuable member of the UNESCO/UNDPreview team and a contributor of provocativethought and detailed commentto both the EIA process and its product as reflectedin the first two draftsof the EIA document. Dr Maema's contributionto the environmentalmanagement of Lesotho's resources will be greatly missed bv his professionalcolleagues in LHDA and elsewhere.His loss will be felt by all in Lesotho who rely on the resources of the country for their livelihood,and by those who continue the pursuit of sustainable resourcemanagement.
  • Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase 2 Is in Full Steam

    Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase 2 Is in Full Steam

    INTERNET ARTICLE Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase 2 is in full steam. 6 August 2015 The Lesotho Highlands Water Project is an ongoing water supply project which comprises a hydropower component in Lesotho, and a system of several large dams and tunnels throughout Lesotho and South Africa. In Lesotho it involves the rivers of Malibamatso, Matsoku, Senqunyane and Senqu. In South Africa, it involves the Vaal River. It is Africa's largest water transfer scheme. The purpose of the project is to provide Lesotho with a source of income in exchange for the provision of water to South Africa, as well as to generate hydro-electric power for Lesotho. The phase 1A of the project was completed in 1998. It consisted mainly of the construction of the Katse Dam on the Malibamatso River in Lesotho. The phase 1B of the project was completed in 2002. It consisted mainly of the construction of the Mohale Dam, a very large rockfill dam, located on the Senqunyane River. There is also a transfer tunnel between Mohale Dam and the Katse reservoir. The system is interconnected in such a way that water may be transferred in either direction for storage in Mohale Dam or ultimate transfer to South Africa through the Katse reservoir. The second phase of the LHWP was launched in March 2014 by President Jacob Zuma and King Letsie the 3rd, a bi-national project between Lesotho and South Africa. The RSA Minister of Water and Sanitation, Nomvula Mokonyane, on her recent trip to Lesotho in August 2015 announced that Phase Two of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project is in full steam.
  • Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) En La Cuenca Del Mediterráneo Occidental

    Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) En La Cuenca Del Mediterráneo Occidental

    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS TESIS DOCTORAL Filogenia, filogeografía y evolución de Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) en la cuenca del Mediterráneo occidental MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Miriam Casal López Director Ignacio Doadrio Villarejo Madrid, 2017 © Miriam Casal López, 2017 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Departamento de Zoología y Antropología física Phylogeny, phylogeography and evolution of Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843, in the western Mediterranean Memoria presentada para optar al grado de Doctor por Miriam Casal López Bajo la dirección del Doctor Ignacio Doadrio Villarejo Madrid - Febrero 2017 Ignacio Doadrio Villarejo, Científico Titular del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales – CSIC CERTIFICAN: Luciobarbus Que la presente memoria titulada ”Phylogeny, phylogeography and evolution of Heckel, 1843, in the western Mediterranean” que para optar al grado de Doctor presenta Miriam Casal López, ha sido realizada bajo mi dirección en el Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales – CSIC (Madrid). Esta memoria está además adscrita académicamente al Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Considerando que representa trabajo suficiente para constituir una Tesis Doctoral, autorizamos su presentación. Y para que así conste, firmamos el presente certificado, El director: Ignacio Doadrio Villarejo El doctorando: Miriam Casal López En Madrid, a XX de Febrero de 2017 El trabajo de esta Tesis Doctoral ha podido llevarse a cabo con la financiación de los proyectos del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Además, Miriam Casal López ha contado con una beca del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.
  • Reply to Yang Et Al. 2015

    Reply to Yang Et Al. 2015

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/278047497 Nomenclatural changes should not be based on equivocally supported phylogenies: Reply to Yang et al. 2015 ARTICLE in MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION · JUNE 2015 Impact Factor: 3.92 · DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.025 · Source: PubMed READS 88 2 AUTHORS: Ray C. Schmidt Henry Bart Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Tulane University 7 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 56 PUBLICATIONS 613 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Ray C. Schmidt letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 29 October 2015 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 90 (2015) 193–194 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Letter to the Editor Nomenclatural changes should not be based on equivocally supported phylogenies: Reply to Yang et al. 2015 q ⇑ Ray C. Schmidt , Henry L. Bart Jr. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 400 Boggs Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute, Belle Chasse, LA 70037, United States article info abstract Article history: Phylogenies produced by Yang et al. 2015 provide reasonably well-supported hypotheses of relationships Received 22 May 2015 among 11 proposed tribes of cyprinine fishes and present an interesting hypothesis about the origin of a Accepted 31 May 2015 number of polyploid cyprinine lineages. However, support for relationships within some of the tribes is Available online 6 June 2015 equivocal. Herein we address the treatment of African diploid and tetraploid cyprinine genera within tribe Smiliogastrini.
  • Second State Of

    Second State Of

    Second State of the Environment 2002 Report Lesotho Lesotho Second State of the Environment Report 2002 Authors: Chaba Mokuku, Tsepo Lepono, Motlatsi Mokhothu Thabo Khasipe and Tsepo Mokuku Reviewer: Motebang Emmanuel Pomela Published by National Environment Secretariat Ministry of Tourism, Environment & Culture Government of Lesotho P.O. Box 10993, Maseru 100, Lesotho ISBN 99911-632-6-0 This document should be cited as Lesotho Second State of the Environment Report for 2002. Copyright © 2004 National Environment Secretariat. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Design and production by Pheko Mathibeli, graphic designer, media practitioner & chartered public relations practitioner Set in Century Gothic, Premium True Type and Optima Lesotho, 2002 3 Contents List of Tables 8 Industrial Structure: Sectoral Composition 34 List of Figures 9 Industrial Structure: Growth Rates 36 List of Plates 10 Population Growth 37 Acknowledgements 11 Rural to Urban Migration 37 Foreword 12 Incidence of Poverty 38 Executive Summary 14 Inappropriate Technologies 38 State and impacts: trends 38 Introduction 24 Human Development Trends 38 Poverty and Income Distribution 44 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment. 26 Agriculture and Food Security 45 People, Economy and Development Ensuring Long and Healthy Lives 46 Socio-Economic Dimension 26 Ensuring
  • Freshwater Fishes in South Africa

    Freshwater Fishes in South Africa

    The plight of freshwater fishes in southern Africa: addressing the taxonomic impediment - about 215 described species - high regional endemism - many areas remain largely unexplored Tweddle et al. (2009) Freshwater fishes have become increasingly imperiled by multiple impacts Fig 1. Five major threat categories and their established or potential interactive impact on freshwater biodiversity. [Dudgeon et al. 2006] • Barbus andrewi Clark et al. (2009) • Langvlei redfin? • Eerster redfin • Langvlei Galaxias? - most well studied region of southern Africa - diversity and distribution generally well known Tweddle et al. (2009) Incomplete knowledge of diversity and distribution: “taxonomic impediment” Pseudobarbus Galaxias Galaxias Sandelia Marcusenius Many of the lineages are narrow range endemics Chakona et al. (2013) ’Giant redfin’ – last refuges Alien threatens CR fish in Protected Area? Values? Pseudobarbus afer species complex Swartz et al. (2007) Sandelia capensis species complex Chakona et al. (2013) Galaxias zebratus species complex Swartz et al. (in prep) Hex River December 2007 Hex River March 2008 Nameless and vulnerable Humphry Greenwood 1992 “Since taxonomy and systematics are basic to all ichthyological research, I would consider the latter situation (poverty of practicing taxonomists) to be one of the major non-environmental threats to the world of fishes” Greenwood, P.H. 1992. Are the major fish faunas well-known? Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42, 131-138. Current taxonomy impedes conservation of freshwater fishes in southern
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Among Small Barbus, Barbus (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Malagarasi and Pangani River Basins, Tanzania

    Phylogenetic Relationships Among Small Barbus, Barbus (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Malagarasi and Pangani River Basins, Tanzania

    Vol.5, No.12, 1249-1254 (2013) Natural Science http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2013.512152 Phylogenetic relationships among small barbus, barbus (actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from malagarasi and Pangani river basins, Tanzania Chacha J. Mwita Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; [email protected] Received 21 May 2013; revised 21 June 2013; accepted 28 June 2013 Copyright © 2013 Chacha J. Mwita. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accor- dance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2013 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intellectual property Chacha J. Mwita. All Copyright © 2013 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian. ABSTRACT distributed widely, occuring in almost every freshwater. The genus comprises of more than 800 species worldwide The phylogenetic relationships among “Barbus” species (Barbus jacksonii, B. paludinosus and B. and about 50 of them are reported from Africa [1]. In trimaculatus) from Malagarasi and Pangani Ri- Tanzania, the genus barbus is represented by 37 species ver systems were examined by partial mitochon- including: Barbus jacksonii, B. paludinosus and B. trima- drial cytochrome b (cyt.b) gene. Sequences of culatus by name, but few are found in different habitats the same samples from elsewhere in Africa ob- such as rivers, streams and Lakes. The genus has high mor- tained from the South African Institute of Aqua- phological plasticity [2], and contains different levels of tic Biodiversity (SAIAB’s) collection were also ploidy [3] which in most cases delimits identification of included in the analysis.