Narratives of Individuals Who Report on the Healing of a Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Narratives of Individuals Who Report on the Healing of a Sensorineural Hearing Loss Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. In the fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Dhanashree Pillay 2017 Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. Abstract Background: Science and Religion have been debated for centuries. Healthcare assessments and management have traditionally focused on the medical model of detecting and curing a disease, facilitating a narrow focus on the physical needs. There is little consideration for the psychological, social and spiritual factors that affect a human life. Healthcare however should operate in both the temporal and the spiritual spheres. More inclusive models of healthcare are becoming favourable as diversity of patients and health practitioners becomes more evident, hence this applies to the practice of Audiology services too. Hearing loss the ‘hidden disability’ is regarded as the number one disability in the world thus a significant proportion of the world’s population is affection directly or indirectly by this communication hindering disability. Prior to rehabilitation, finding a cure was the ultimate goal when considering any medical pathology. Presently there is still no surgical method available to replace the damaged hair cells of the cochlea that cause a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The culturally diverse South African population comprises of individuals who belong to various ethnic and religious groups, thus the melting pot of rehabilitation techniques for any illness may vary from the predominantly used medical model. Supernatural healing may occur in various forms and from various sources within the South African population, including traditional healers, spiritual healers or religious leaders. Hence this study explored the narratives of individuals who claim that they have been healed supernaturally of a sensorineural hearing loss. Methodology: This study aimed to fulfil three main objectives: to identify the recurring themes within the narratives of participants who reported a healing, with the purpose of deconstructing the aspect of healing amongst participants; to describe the cultural, religious, spiritual and social influences that impact the individual with a hearing loss; and to design a proposed working Audiological Model: An Integrated Model of service delivery in Audiology. There were three sub-objectives: to document the diagnosis of the sensorineural hearing loss; to identify the ‘turning point’ event or events that caused the reported healing; and to explore the influences of the healing on the participant’s life. This study was an exploratory case-study design within a qualitative paradigm. Snowball sampling was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants, six of which were female and one male. Two of the participants’ mothers were interviewed as the reported healing occurred when the participants were children. All ethical parameters were maintained. The data analysis included a narrative inquiry into the context of the main event which was the supernatural healing. Thereafter the 2 University of the Witwatersrand PhD by Dhanashree Pillay 2017 Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. content associated with the participant’s life before and after the event was analysed and discussed. Thematic content analysis was employed to identify the common categories and themes within the narratives of this study. Results and Discussion: This study identified four main categories and 13 themes within the narratives obtained. Categories included: Identification, assessment and management of a hearing loss; cause of a hearing loss; the healing event and the areas of a participant’s life that changed by the healing event. Major themes included: Hearing loss and its relation to sin and curses; physical and non-physical healing; the life of prayer and reactions to the healing. The narratives illustrated that individuals with a hearing loss are seeking alternative healing practices in conjunction with Audiological care. There is a barrier between the audiologist and the individual with a hearing loss as there appears to be a lack of freedom to discuss pertinent aspects such as alternative care. There is a need for change within the service delivery model in Audiology, a shift from the medical model of practice to a more holistic and integrated model of service delivery that encompasses all areas of life into the assessment and management process. Conclusion: A cohesive, integrated referral system and collaboration between professionals and caregivers are often the dictators of the assessment and early diagnosis of the hearing loss. A service delivery model that incorporates all aspects of life is therefore recommended within the profession of Audiology. The argument for a change in the current service delivery model in Audiology is supported by the evidence in the narratives obtained in this study. Individual’s with a hearing loss are seeking for alternative means of healing and it is negligent and divisive to disregard the interconnectedness of the medical, psychological, social and spiritual facets that affect the individual being seen by an audiologist. The diversity in South Africa must be embraced and incorporated into the healthcare service delivery model to ensure that the individual with a hearing loss is receiving contextually based services that are appropriate and necessary. Training of future audiologists must include multicultural and multidisciplinary areas as audiologists need to be equipped for success when they are faced with areas that are not familiar to the current medical model of practice. Healing is multidimensional and clinical practice in the field of Audiology must consider and include the aspects of healing that are relevant to the individual seen. A proposed case history section was developed from the evidence obtained in this study. The section allows the audiologist to explore religious and spiritual beliefs of the individual with a healing loss and his/her family. This study is one of the first studies that explore the relationship between medicine, religion and spirituality however these areas have been intertwined 3 University of the Witwatersrand PhD by Dhanashree Pillay 2017 Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. for centuries. The findings and recommendations in this study will assist audiologists in managing individuals in an integrated holistic manner. Keywords: Healing, Supernatural, Hearing loss, Audiology practice, Alternative Practices, Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Practice. 4 University of the Witwatersrand PhD by Dhanashree Pillay 2017 Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. Declaration I declare that this thesis has been written by myself and is my own work. The work has never been submitted to any other university for degree or examination purposes. The references and sources used within the write up of this thesis have been acknowledged in the study. Dhanashree Pillay July 2017 Signature: __________________________ 5 University of the Witwatersrand PhD by Dhanashree Pillay 2017 Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. Dedication Page This PhD is dedicated to my parents and grandparents: The Pillay and Reddy families. They were unable to pursuit further studies yet they played a vital and practical role of schooling me in LIFE. A legacy of hard work and perseverance can only come from a strong support structure. Things that didn’t break us, only made us stronger!! Dedicated to Perindhren Ronnie & Premilla Pillay and Vatharajiloo (Teddy) & Salachie (Sally) Reddy Dedicated in the memory of Alfred Benny & Soranathammal (Runga) Pillay 6 University of the Witwatersrand PhD by Dhanashree Pillay 2017 Supernatural Healing: Narratives of individuals who report on the healing of a sensorineural hearing loss. Acknowledgments Be Still and Know that I AM God as I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me as Nothing is Impossible with God. ~ Psalm 46:10, Philippians 4:13 & Matthew 19:26 • The above-mentioned verses have breathed LIFE in every millisecond of this PhD. I thank God for the wisdom, determination and perseverance to conduct this study. His Grace was more than sufficient to carry me through this process. • A thank you to me parents, who always tried their best to give our family everything we desired. You instilled a sense of wholeness within me, a persistent and competitive character was built because of your example of commitment to each other and our family no matter what was thrown at you. Your continuous prayer and nerve ceasing support has been the strong foundation that gives me the courage to conquer anything. I love you both with all my heart and I honour the people that you are. Your love for people and your steadfast value system has paved the way for us. • A huge thank you to my siblings and brother-in-laws (Magashnee & Jarred Viljoen; Melishini & Dillion Kuppuswami and Devasham Pillay) for always encouraging and supporting my choices. Your lives are inspirational and I learn from every experience that we face as a strong family unit.
Recommended publications
  • Early History of South Africa
    THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Chapter 1 Afrikaners in Natal Up
    University of Pretoria etd – Wassermann, J M (2005) 1 CHAPTER 1 AFRIKANERS IN NATAL UP TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE ANGLO-BOER WAR: EXPERIENCES AND ATTITUDES PREVALENT AT THE TIME By the late 1870s, Natal constituted the only European political entity in South Africa in which Afrikaners formed a minority group amongst the white inhabitants. This community was shaped by events spanning half a century which included: living under British rule in the Cape Colony, embarking on the Great Trek, experiencing strained relations and subsequent military engagements with the Zulu, marked especially by the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, witnessing the creation of the Republic of Natalia and its subsequent annexation and destruction by the British after the Battle of Congella in 1843.1 The cycle was completed when Colonial rule was instituted in 18452 and the subsequent attempt in1847 by Natal Afrikaners to resurrect a republic, the Republic of Klip River, failed.3 The Afrikaners who remained in Natal throughout these events increased in number as immigrants from the Cape Colony joined them,4 and slowly evolved into a united community, trapped in an agrarian economy.5 Their socio-political world was characterised by complaints of preferential treatment afforded to Africans, and a lack of access to land. A predominant sense of injustice prevailed, exemplified by acts such as the execution of Hans Dons de Lange,6 and the community experienced a general feeling of disempowerment and unfair treatment under British rule. They had no voice to express their feelings of dissatisfaction since Dutch newspapers had not proved profitable,7 Dutch had become a marginalised language,8 and the Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk or Dutch Reformed Church (hereafter DRC) which was caught up in a constant struggle for survival, both financially and in terms of recruiting members, lacked power.9 As a result, by the early 1870s, the Boshof(f) brothers, JN and JC, were the only Afrikaner members of the Natal Legislative 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Unfair “Affirmative Action” in South African Historiography
    F Pretorius Unfair “affi rmative action” in South African historiography Unfair “affirmative action” in South African historiography Fransjohan Pretorius University of Pretoria I have some concern that the Afrikaner does not fi gure in the “New His- tory” books on South African history, except as the scapegoat and the villain. Th e Afrikaner is ignored particularly in the historiography cov- ering the nineteenth century. For most non-Afrikaans historians South African history has become the suff ering, struggle and eventual victory of the suppressed masses, that is, African or black history – the African struggle. Afrikaners are judged and condemned in negative terms. Just like there was a “native problem” in Afrikaner national historiography, there is now an “Afrikaner problem”. Th e Afrikaner has achieved noth- ing positive in the history of South Africa. Th e pendulum has indeed swung to the other side. For the victor reconciliation seems to mean that the view of the majority has triumphed. Th ere is no room for other views beside the “offi cial” view. Th is intolerant new view on history is nowhere better illustrated than in a series of six history books published by the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation with the overall title of Turning points in history.1 And do not underestimate the impact of this series. In the latest matricu- lation examination paper for history (higher grade, October/Novem- ber 2005) of the National Department of Education it was expected of learners to comment on an extract from Turning points in history.2 Th e planning of the Turning point series was launched with commend- able goals, judging from the point of departure expressed by the chair- person of the editorial committee, Professor Bill Nasson.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 Murder of Retief and His Men (6 February 1838) A3
    13 Murder of Retief and his men (6 February 1838) A3 B2 C1/C2 D N 13 Murder of Retief 26 27 1 25 2 South wall, central scene (panel 16/31) 24 3 h. 2.3 × w. 3.71 m (small overlap with panels 15 and 17) 4 23 Restored fractures on vertical edges Sculptor of the clay maquette: Frikkie Kruger 22 5 Stages of production 21 A1 W.H. Coetzer, pencil drawing, retained only in A2 (April–June 1937) 6 A2 Reproduction of A1 (June 1937) 20 A3 W.H. Coetzer, revised pencil drawing A1, h. 13.5 × w. 23 cm 7 (after September 1937) 19 Annotations: ‘DingaansKraal in Agtergrond’ / (Dingaan’s kraal in back- 8 18 ground) / ‘Moord op Retief’ (Murder of Retief) 17 9 A4 W.H. Coetzer, Die moord op Retief en sy manskappe (The Murder of Retief 16 10 and his party); monochrome oil on board, h. 27.3 × w. 46.6 cm 15 14 13 12 11 (late 1937–38?) B1 One-third-scale clay maquette, not extant but replicated in B2 (1942–43) 0 5 10 m B2 One-third-scale plaster maquette, h. 75 × w. 120.5 × d. 8 cm (1942–43) C1* Full-scale wooden armature for C2, not extant but photographed (1943–45) C2* Full-scale clay relief, not extant but photographed; replicated in C3 (1943–45) C3* Full-scale plaster relief (1943–45), not extant but illustrated (Die Vaderland, 26.2.1945); copied in D (1948–49) * were developed in two halves D Marble as installed in the Monument (1949) Early records SVK minutes (4.9.1937) ― item 4k (see below, ‘Development of the design’) Voorstelle (5.12.1935?) ― item 11 ‘Moord op Retief en sy volgelinge.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH AFRICA: HISTORY of OPPRESS ION and STRUGG LE* (Journey to Soweto)
    SOUTH AFRICA: HISTORY OF OPPRESS ION AND STRUGG LE* (Journey to Soweto) By Kyalo Mativo It is early morning, June 16, 1976. Sane African Schoo children can be heard singing an African national anthem and chanting anti-apartheid slogans. Soweto is still asleep1 sh has been for years. As the School children continue to sing and chant, a police force of machine-gun armed whites and cu waving blacks appears on the scene and declares war on them. One policeman throws a tear gas cannister at the children. latter respond with rocks and debris. The white policemen ~ fire. Two children drop dead immediately. At the sound of · guns, little children come out into the streets out of mere curiosity. They too are fired at with automatic weapons. ~ Soweto awakes. And now? Now Zet it work. Misohief, thcu art atoof, Take thcu what course thcu wilt.l It is now 9.30 a.m. A wave of ten thousand fully un~ black School children have taken to the streets of Soweto, N so has a countless number of fire-spitting policemen. The sl ing is accelerated, but for every one black child that the OJ pressors' bullets kill, one hundred adults spring up from tht bowels of Soweto and take the place of the dead. And at the end of the day the Johannesburg Star is pleased to announce that at least 300 rounds of ammunition have been dumped into the African crowd killing 8 and wounding 70 others, 19 of thE with bullet wounds. Two days after the outbreak of violence in Soweto, the protests and demonstrations against the enemy have spread int Johannesburg's other black African townships.
    [Show full text]
  • Her Majesty's Loyal and Devoted Trekker Leader: Petrus Lafras Uys Voortrekker History, As Taught at Schools, Was Largely Based on Gustav Preller's Voortrekkermense
    30 Petrus Lafras Uys Her Majesty's Loyal and Devoted Trekker Leader: Petrus Lafras Uys Voortrekker history, as taught at schools, was largely based on Gustav Preller's Voortrekkermense. Having married Piet Retief's great-grand­ daughter, Preller tended to favour Retief. Members of the Uys family wrote to him, but to no avail. I The clash between the Voortrekker leadership was referred to by Senator 1.1. Uys, son ofWessel and nephewofPetrus Uys, when he wrote: The Commission returned with great joy to their homes, which they reached in the year 1835. They handed in a report of what had been done by them after which Piet Retief and his followers left for Natal. I shall not say anything more about the relations between Piet Uys and Piet Retief.2 The disagreement between Retief and Uys was more than occasioned by the generation gap of 17 years, that of the oldest versus the youngest Trek leader. It was the first of the fundamental schisms splitting the Afrikaners into 'Verkramp' and 'Verlig' camps - in this case rejection of the Crown as opposed to co-operation with the British authorities. The lack of a formal constitution, coupled with their new-found freedom from British laws, were factors which contributed to the discord which was to arise among the Trekker leadership. Ultimately these divisions would lead to bloodshed and bitterness, the effect of which are still felt today. The foremost Trekker, Hendrik Potgieter, 45, was ostensibly a clan leader by nature. He motivated Louis Trichardt to set off on his ill-fated journey to Louren<;o Marques in Portuguese East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of Boer Republics in South Africa. A
    ESTABLISHMENT OF BOER REPUBLICS IN SOUTH AFRICA. A. NATAL (NATALIA) Qn. Describe the founding of the Republic of Natal by 1843. Natal was established by Boer Trekkers from the cape. It was founded by the third group which was led by Piet Retief (Creation of the great trek). This republic traces its origin from the efforts of Piet Retief, but the work of this creation was completed/finished by Andries Pretorious. At the age of 57, Piet Retief had been appointed as leader of the United laagers, armed with power, Retief was determined to find a new home in Natal. Reports from earlier accounts had indicated that Natal had rich fertile lands which inspired Retief to occupy them. Retief even wrote and read a boer manifesto outling the need for amass trek among the frontier Boers. At the end of1837, Retief led the third group out of the cape. He started his journey from Graaf Reinet and moved north east wards through Drakensburg and finally reached Natal and Zululand. At Port Natal, Retief received a warm welcome from the English traders. On reaching Zululand, Retief asked permission to settle the migrating Boers. The arrival of the migrating Boers in Zululand threatened king Dingane of the Zulu. King Dingane already had problems with English traders for undermining his authority. He had also realised the power of the Boer weapons and their hunger for land would disorganised his kingdom. In order to have time to plan, Dingane sent Retief's party to recover some stolen cattle from a hostile neighbour sekonyera of the tiokwa.
    [Show full text]
  • Desegregating History in South Africa Through The
    DESEGREGATING HISTORY IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE CASE OF THE COVENANT AND THE BATTLE OF BLOOD/NCOME RIVER Anton Ehlers Department of History University of Stellenbosch INTRODUCTION The theme of “Desegregating History” implies a desire for an integrated history and in an even broader sense an ultimate grand or master narrative. In the case of South Africa with its divided past this is a much needed but very daunting ideal to achieve. A desegregated South African history is an ideal that can be achieved in more than one way. In this paper I want to suggest that one of the paths (processes) that can contribute to such a history is through the demythologising/deconstruction of Afrikaner history and historical consciousness as it was practised and perceived during the 20th century. Within Afrikaner ranks the above-mentioned process was started by Afrikaner historians in the late 1970s and led to intense debate on Afrikaner political mythology in the 1980s. This debate was not just limited to academic circles, but also spilt over to the broader public and received extensive coverage in the Afrikaans press. This was especially true with regard to the attempts by Afrikaner historians to demythologise the Covenant and the Battle of Blood River/Ncome (16 December 1838) as the central myth in the history of Afrikaner nationalism. This paper is an attempt to indicate how Afrikaner historians demythologised the Covenant and the Battle of Blood River by referring to the myths, their origin, development and application in the service of Afrikaner nationalism as well as the reinterpretations of these events by historians.
    [Show full text]
  • 19 Arrival of Andries Pretorius (22 November 1838) A2
    19 Arrival of Andries Pretorius (22 November 1838) A2 B2 C2 D N 19 Arrival 26 27 1 25 2 West wall (panel 23/31) 24 3 h. 2.3 × w. 2.34 m 4 23 Restored fractures on the vertical edges Sculptor of the clay maquette: Laurika Postma 22 5 Stages of production 21 A1 W.H. Coetzer, pencil drawing, retained only in A2 (April–June 1937) 6 A2 Reproduction of drawing A1, h. 17.5 × w. 15.6 cm (June 1937) 20 B1 One-third-scale clay maquette, not extant but replicated in B2 (1942–43) 7 B2 One-third-scale plaster maquette, h. 78.2 × w. 77 × d. 8.6 cm (1942–43) 19 C1 Full-scale wooden armature, not extant (1943–46) 8 18 C2 Full-scale clay relief, not extant but photographed; replicated in C3 17 9 (1943–46) 16 10 C3 Full-scale plaster relief (1943–46), not extant but copied in D (1948–49) 15 14 13 12 11 D Marble relief as installed in the Monument (1949) 0 5 10 m Early records SVK minutes (4.9.1937) ― item 4o (see below, ‘Developing the design’) Moerdyk Layout (5.10.1936–15.1.1937) ― scene 16 on panel 22/31 ‘Aankoms’ (Arrival) Jansen Memorandum (19.1.1937) ― item 16 ‘Arrival of Andries Pretorius’ Open Access. © 2020 Elizabeth Rankin and Rolf Michael Schneider, published by De Gruyter and African Minds. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110668797-024 402 19 Arrival Figure 19.1: D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of the Natal Society
    30 The Origins of the Natal Society CHAPTER 1 EARLY PIETERMARTTZBURG THE NATAL SOCIETY was founded on 9 May 1851. Its intention was to make the Colony of Natal better known and understood, so that suitable emigrants would be attracted. It was not its intention to form a public library ofgeneral literature ; this did not occur to the founders and anyway the town already had a public library. Yet today, 120 years latcr, it is as a library that the Natal Society is known. Later, in 1851, the Natal Society took over the existing public library. This had been founded six years before, so the Society's library may be said to have had a continuous history from 1845, making it the fourth oldest library in continuous existence in South Africa. The South African Public Library was founded in 1818; Swellendam Library was probably founded between 1834 and 1838; George Library started in 1840. Other libraries were started in the Cape but all seem to have failed at some stage, notably Albany Library at Grahams­ town which foundered in 1863, only to start again later on. Pietermaritzburg in 1845 was a small town of Britons and Boers trying to come to terms. The Trekkers had arrived in Natal in October 1837. The slaughter of Retief and his band followed on 6 February 1838. The Volk~;raad named the small laager at Bushnunsrand 'Pietermaritzburg' on 23 October 1838, com­ memorating the two deceased leaders, Gert Maritz and Picter Retief. The victory over the Zulus followed at the battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, and the Republic of Natalia came into being with the arrival of the main Trekker party at Pietcrmaritzburg in January 1839.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Natal, 1838 to 1880: the Making of a South African Settlementsystem
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1994 Colonial Natal, 1838 to 1880: The akM ing of a South African Settlementsystem. (Volumes I and II). Darrell Peter Kruger Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Kruger, Darrell Peter, "Colonial Natal, 1838 to 1880: The akM ing of a South African Settlementsystem. (Volumes I and II)." (1994). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5809. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5809 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 the Treaty with Dingane (4 Or 6 February 1838) A1a/A3
    12 The Treaty with Dingane (4 or 6 February 1838) A1a/A3 B1a/B2 C1/C2 D N 12 Treaty 26 27 1 25 2 South wall (panel 15/31) 24 3 h. 2.3 × w. 2.14 m (overlap with panels 14 and 16) 4 23 Large piece of top right corner broken off diagonally (from centre top to upper left arm of boy behind Retief) 22 5 Sculptor of the clay maquette: Frikkie Kruger 21 Stages of production 6 A1 a. W.H. Coetzer, pencil drawing, same image as A1b but reversed 20 and discarded, h. 13.4 × w. 15.4 cm (April–June 1937) 7 b. W.H. Coetzer, pencil drawing, h. 13.4 × 15.3 (April–June 1937) 19 A2 Reproduction of A1b (June 1937) 8 18 A3 Coetzer, revised pencil drawing A1b, h. 13.4 × w. 15.3 cm 17 9 (after September 1937) 16 10 Annotations: ‘nog nie klaar nie’ (not yet finished) / ‘Owen moet nie daar 15 14 13 12 11 wees nie en tafel moet verander word in blok hout’ (Owen must not be there and the table must be altered into block of wood.) / ‘… Owen weg’ 0 5 10 m (… delete Owen) / ‘Traktaat met Dingaan’ (Treaty with Dingane) A4 W.H. Coetzer, Die Dingaan-Retief Traktaat (The Dingane-Retief Treaty); monochrome oil on board, h. 27.3 × w. 31 cm (late 1937–38?) B1 a. One-third-scale clay maquette, not extant but photographed (1942–43) b. One-third-scale clay maquette, not extant but replicated in B2 (1942–43) B2 One-third-scale plaster maquette, h.
    [Show full text]