'Roshia' (Russia) in the Japanese Print Media. the Case of Asahi Shinbun

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'Roshia' (Russia) in the Japanese Print Media. the Case of Asahi Shinbun Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) in Lingue e civiltà dell'Asia e dell'Africa mediterranea Tesi di Laurea The concept 'roshia' (Russia) in the Japanese print media. The case of Asahi Shinbun. Relatore Ch. Prof. Paolo Calvetti Correlatore Ch. Dr. Toshio Miyake Laureanda Renata Nazarenko Matricola 845055 Anno Accademico 2013 / 2014 要旨 本論文の目的は、日本の朝日新聞のディスコースにおける「ロシア」と言うコンセプト、 日本語の語学的な世界観におけるこのコンセプトの表し方、また、「ロシア」と言うコンセプト の構造の明確化である。そのため、朝日新聞の2013年1月1日から一年間に発行された「ロ シア」と言う語を含む記事を分析した。 本論文の第一章では研究の目的とその研究方法を詳細に説明する。それに加えて、文献レ ビューやこの研究で利用される認知言語学の基本的な用語の説明を含み、第一章は日ロ関係、世 界のロシアに対する見解、また、ロシアに関する一般的なステレオタイプについて述べる。 具体的には、本研究のタスクは第一に、他の国とロシアとの関係や人文科学におけるこの 関係の解釈に関する文献レビュー、コンセプトの構造を基礎とするジャーナリスティックな文章 の特徴について記述することである。第二に、朝日新聞における「ロシア」と言うコンセプトの 表れ方が語学的にどのような手段を用いられるかの詳細な記述である。第三に、コンセプトを現 す語彙素の文字通りの意味に基づく「ロシア」と言うコンセプトのフレームモデリングとコンセ プトの周囲にある語彙素の間接的な意味に基づくメタファーモデリングである。第四に、朝日新 聞のディスコースにおける、異なる価値観のある国としてのロシアに関する見解の研究である。 最後のタスクは、朝日新聞に描写されている通りにロシアの社会的、文化的なイメージの構成で ある。 そのような目的を果たすために本論文では、次の方法が使用される。まず、演繹と帰納推 論など、一般的な科学的アプローチを研究の基本とする。そして、複合的な分析であるコンセプ ト分析は次のような構成要素を含む:A.日本の印刷メディアにおける「ロシア」と言うコンセ プトを表す語学的な手段の説明、B.ジャーナリスティックな文章の「ロシア」と言うコンセプ トを表す重要な語彙素の分布解析、C.ロシアについての知識のフレームの集合、あるいは知識 の構造として実現するフレーム分析、D.コンセプトの特質の統計分析である。 第二章は「ロシア」と言うコンセプトの構造を構成するため、それを表す語彙素の分布解 2 析を行う。それに基づいてフレームとメタファーモデルの基礎になった核心の意味素、また、 「ロシア」と言うコンセプトを顕在化する核心の統語構造を論証する。動詞句はコンセプトのフ レーム構造のシナリオと言う動的な側面を構成する一方、名詞句、形容詞句などはスロットと言 う静的な側面を構成することにも触れる。最後に、朝日新聞のディスコースにおけるロシアにつ いてのステレオタイプはどのように表れるかも考察する。 第三章では、第二章で発見されたデータを参考にしながら、フレーム分析を行った。結論 として、「ロシア」と言うコンセプトは七部の分節構造があると理解した。そのコンセプトは朝 日新聞のディスコースにおける日本語の語学的な世界観の一部分であると考えられる。例えば、 フレーム構造によって、日本文化の担い手である朝日新聞の記者に、どんな国家の特徴が基準、 もしくは偏差と認知されているかが明確になった。そして、ジャーナリスティックな文章の特徴 のために、ロシアについての知識は単純化され、ステレオタイプ化されたことを最終的に結論づ ける。 3 CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................................................7 Chapter I. Cognitive researches 1. Conceptual researches 1.1.1. Cognitive linguistics: terms and postulates............................................................................11 1.1.2. Concept, its definition, features, structure..............................................................................13 1.1.3. Researches on concepts.......................................................................................................15 1.1.4. Linguistic consciousness.......................................................................................................16 1.1.5. Frame modeling method........................................................................................................17 1.1.6. Metaphor and metaphoric modeling as one of the principle ways conceptualization............18 1.2. Discourse and features of journalistic texts 1.2.1. Discursive approach to the study of political journalistic texts..............................................19 1.2.2. Properties of the language of mass media, their organization and functions.........................20 1.3. Researches on stereotypes about Russia and perception of Russia in other countries 1.3.1.Role of stereotype and “friend or foe” category in the perception of a different culture.........23 1.3.2. Japan-Russia relations: historical aspects.............................................................................25 1.3.3. “East - West” dichotomy in the construction of Russian self-identification.............................30 1.3.4. Russian autostereotypes and self-identification.....................................................................32 1.3.5. Russia's image and heterostereotypes about Russia ….......................................................47 Conclusions to the chapter I............................................................................................................41 2. Means of actualization of the concept 'roshia' in Asahi Shinbun.........................................44 2.1. Denomination of the country “ロシア roshia” as the means of actualization of the concept 'roshia' 2.1.1. Means of actualization of the concept: ”ロシア roshia + verb” (as the subject of action)..............................................................................................................................................46 2.1.2. The means of actualization of the concept: verb + ロシア roshia (as an object of action)....51 2.1.3. Lexemes “ロシア roshia”, “ロシアの roshiano”, “ロシア人 roshiajin” in the syntactic position of a predicate as the way of actualization of the concept 'roshia'....................................................52 2.1.4. The way of actualization of the concept: “attributive + ロシア roshia”(“ロシア roshia” as an object defined by an adjective/adjectival noun/relative clause)......................................................53 2.1.5. The way of actualization of the concept: “ロシア roshia + postposition”..........................55 2.2. ロシア roshia/ロシアの roshiano + noun and words with the rook ロ ro as means of actualization of the concept 'roshia' 2.2.1. Word-combinations “ロシア roshia/ロシアの roshia no + noun” as means of actualization of the concept......................................................................................................................................58 2.2.2. Lexemes “ロシア人 roshiajin”/“ロシアの人 roshia no hito”/“ロシア系 roshiakei”, etc. as 4 means of actualization of the concept 'roshia'..................................................................................64 2.2.3. Other words with the root ロro as means of actualization of the concept 'roshia'..................66 2.3. Other word-combinations as means of actualization of the concept 'roshia'.............................68 2.4 Set and frequency phrases as means of actualization of the concept 'roshia'...........................71 2.5. Realization of stereotypes on Russia within the discourse of the newspaper Asahi Shinbun............................................................................................................................................77 2.6. Realization of the “friend of foe” category within the discourse of Asahi Shinbun....................82 Conclusions to the chapter II...........................................................................................................86 3. Structure of the concept 'roshia' 3.1. Frame “Russia is a country/territory”.........................................................................................91 3.1.1. Subframe “country”................................................................................................................91 3.1.2. Subframe “soil”.......................................................................................................................92 3.1.3. Subframe “space”..................................................................................................................92 3.1.4. Subframe “geography”...........................................................................................................94 3.1.5. Subframe “geographical objects”...........................................................................................95 3.2. Frame “Russia is a state”........................................................................................................100 3.2.1. Subframe “characteristics of the state”................................................................................100 3.2.2. Subframe “structure of political authorities”.........................................................................110 3.2.3. Subframe “relations of Russia with other countries”............................................................115 3.2.4. Subframe “defense”.............................................................................................................123 3.2.5. Subframe “economy of Russia”...........................................................................................126 3.2.6. Subframe “finance”..............................................................................................................129 3.2.7. Subframe “industry”.............................................................................................................131 3.2.8. Subframe “culture”...............................................................................................................135 3.2.9. Subframe “sport”..................................................................................................................139 3.2.10. Subframe “time of Russia”.................................................................................................140 3.2.11. Subframe “events”..............................................................................................................142 3.2.12. Subframe “society”.............................................................................................................143 3.2.13. Subframe “people of Russia”.............................................................................................145 3.3. Frame “Russia is a terminal point”..........................................................................................152 3.4. Frame “Russia is a starting point”...........................................................................................153 3.5. Metaphoric model “Russia is a human being”.........................................................................155 3.5.1. Subframe “social features”...................................................................................................155 3.5.2. Subframe “bodily features”...................................................................................................157
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