Participation and Inclusive Urbanization People an International Traveling Exhibition Building

Participation and Inclusive Urbanization People An International Traveling Exhibition Building

People Building Better Cities aims to exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban professionals, universities, non- governmental organizations, and policy makers on the challenges of equitable development, inclusive urbanization and Better climate change. Building on the work of Global Studio, an international educational program, this exhibition documents community- driven projects that share a common goal: the promotion of inclusive urbanization to improve the lives of the urban poor through innovations in participatory design Cities and planning. USA THAILAND africa south philiPpines KENYA INDIA COLOMBIA CHINA BRAZIL BANGLADESH AUstra lia

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A Global Studio and Center for Sustainable Urban Development in the Earth Institute at Columbia University project to share and exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban practitioners, universities, NGOs and policy makers on people’s participation in meeting the challenge of inclusive urbanization and climate change. 1 PEOPLE BUILDING BETTER CITIES

People Building Better Cities Around the world, too many people are excluded from the freedoms of development, and basic wants to provoke a conversation. entitlements: decent housing, security of tenure, and We invite your participation. access to water and sanitation, excluding them from prosperity and equal opportunity.

New forms of urban education and practice can expand those freedoms. Working with people in low-income households and communities, urban professionals can better address the problems of the contemporary city and help unlock the benefits of development.

Resilient, equitable, inclusive, smart, and sustainable cities require citizen involvement.

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2 Problems Inequality and Issues income inequality

Income GINI Inequality is inequality COEFFICIENT Measured by the GINI GLOBALLY Co-efficient, where: the hallmark of 0 = perfect equality and everyone has the same income <.25 GINI 100 = perfect inequality and all the wealth goes to one person. cities in both the COEFFICIENT Globally developed and

>.60 NO DATA

developing world. The Atlantic, 2011, World Bank, CIA, US Census Bureau, OECD StatExtracts

Inequality can cause exclusion by class, GINI COEFFICIENT SELECTED COUNTRIES PERFECT 75 100 race, gender, or ethnicity. It increases perfect 0 25 50 INEQUALITY vulnerability to disasters. It results equality or 100 AUSTRALIA 34 The Gini coefficient is a measure in uneven access to housing, health, or 0 of income and wealth inequality. It does not reflect inequality within a BANGLADESH 32 employment, education, and income. country, and does not account for tax systems and social spending. BRAZIL 54.7

CHINA GINI Co-Efficient data from the World Bank, EVERYONE 46.9 = CIA, US Census Bureau, OECD StatExtracts ALL THE =HAS THE INDIA WEALTH SAME 36.8 GOES TO INCOME philippines 43 ONE PERSON Occupy south africa 63 One percent control 40% of wealth in the US. “Occupy THAILAND 40 Wall St” changed the USA political landscape in 2011, 45 and spread around the source: World Bank, Nation Master world. A populist movement, it has helped reframe World’s middle debates on inequality. 60% consume 21.9% “Inequality undermines the strength of our economy

and contributes to economic instability.” World’s poorest —Joseph Stiglitz 20% consume 1.5% The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Inequality Endangers Our Future, 2012 World’s richest 20% consume 76.6% SHARE OF THE WORLD'S

PRIVATE CONSUMPTION 2005

source: World Bank 22+276 Development Indicators, 2008 inequality between people

INEQUALITY IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The Human Development Life Education Income human Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, access to Expectancy development education, and income. Since 1990, the UNDP has used the index Globally index to rank countries into four source: UNDP, Sustainabilty tiers of human development. and Equity, HDI Report, 2011 source: UNDP, Sustainabilty and Equity, HDI Report, 2011 High human development hUMan DevelopmenT index medium human development low human development

not ranked

Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa Women and human development index Selected countries children bear a 0.0 0.5 0.75 1

disproportionate AUSTRALIA .929 “Poverty is not natural…

burden of the BANGLADESH .500 it is manmade, and world’s poverty. BRAZIL .718 An equitable city can be overcome by the CHINA requires gender equality. .687 INDIA In many cities, women .547 actions of human beings.” do not earn equal pay philippines for equal work and have .644 —Nelson Mandela, 2005

significant responsibility south africa .619 for raising children. Their voices need to be heard. THAILAND .682 USA .910 source: UNDP, Sustainability and Equity, HDI Report, 2011

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A Global Studio and CSUD at Columbia University project to share and exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban practitioners, universities, NGOs and policy makers on people’s participation in meeting the challenge of inclusive urbanization and climate change. 3 Population Growth Problems and Slums and Issues 25 Population Projected population in 2020 URBAN population growth is an population in 2010 ‘Push and pull population in 2000 growth selected countries increasingly source: UN Habitat, State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011 20 factors’ draw people urban phenomenon, 15 to cities in search concentrated projected population 2010 in in the

developing population 2010 in of jobs and a better 10 world. Today, in Miillions life. By 2020, 4.2 over one billion people 5 live in slums, 2000 in population billion people will including 0 56 million in population URBAN sydney dhaka riO campinas Beijing mumbai delhi ChennAI bangalore BhopaL NAIROBI manila johannesburg bangkok NEW YORK CHINA KENYA USA live in cities. the slums of AUstra lia BANGLADESH BRAZIL INDIA philippines africasouth THAILAND developed countries.

population growth globally projected total 7.7 7.1 7.3 6.9 6.1 urban population 5.3 of selected countries 2020 Total Urban Population (billions) CHINA In millions, each circle represents 4.2 Total Population 3.5 3.6 3.8 786,761 the scaleable ratio in relation to all 2.8 other countries 2.3 Urban Population USA source: UN Habitat: Climate Change and Cities 293,732

source: United Nations 2010 1990 2000 2010 2012 2015 2020 BANGLADESH Makeshift toilet Mumbai INDIA 62,886 THAILAND 463,328 27,800 globally People living in slums KENYA 13,826 Slum population philipPines projections in millions 57,657 BRAZIL (based on slum 187,104 AUstralia annual growth rate south africa 21,459 from 1990-2001) 924 1,145 1,477 35,060 source: UN Habitat

50,000,000 = PEOPLE source: Renu Desai 2001 2010 2020

In many cities,

What is a SLUM? A dwelling with slum dwellers are one or more of the following: more than 60% of UNSAFE WATER LACK OF SANITATION the population but are rarely included in decisions about city development.

POOR HOUSING OVERCROWDING Lack of Secure Tenure* STRUCTURES

Sourced from UN Habitat * Secure tenure is the ability to live in a place without fear of eviction.

“..the increasing polarization of the distribution of wealth and power are indelibly When included, the urban poor are a resource etched into the spatial form of our cities, which increasingly become cities of for achieving economic development and social fortified fragments, of gated communities and privatized public spaces kept under constant surveillance.” and environmental justice.

— David Harvey Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, 2012

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Population Growth

Slums A Global Studio and CSUD at Columbia University project to share and exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban practitioners, universities, NGOs and policy makers on people’s participation in meeting the challenge of inclusive urbanization and climate change. 4 Problems Climate Change and Issues

“Poor people living in slums are at particularly high risk from the impacts of climate change and natural hazards. They live on Rising Co2 Emissions The urban poor are the most vulnerable lands within cities, typically areas that are “CO2 emissions increased by 3% deemed undesirable by others, and are thus affordable. in 2011. These emissions were the highest in human history and 54% on the front line Residents are exposed to the impacts of landslides, sea level rise higher than in 1990. In 2011, coal and flooding. Exposure to risk is increased by overcrowded living burning was responsible for 43% of conditions, lack of adequate infrastructure and services, unsafe the total emissions, oil 34%, gas of climate change. housing, inadequate nutrition and poor health, These conditions 18%, and cement 5%.” can turn a natural hazard or change in climate into a disaster, and result in loss of basic services, damage or destruction to homes, — Global Carbon Project, 2012 Their homes and loss of livelihoods, malnutrition, disease, disability and loss of life.” livelihoods face Source: Baker, J., Climate Change Disaster Risk and the Urban Poor, 2011

greater risk from Reducing CO2 emissions CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS Sea storm destruction of and curtailing the effects level rise surges coastal ecosystems and cities floods, landslides, of Global Warming Extreme heat should be front and center weather cyclones Hurricanes flooding landslides events of urban policy. and extreme weather. Agriculture Food Drought fires and drinking water Security shortages

Flooding in the Philippines source: Wilson Center Favela in Rio de Janeiro subject to landslides source: Simon Paul Clarke Flash flooding in Mumbai, 2005 source: Natural Hazard

WHERE CAN MITIGATION AND Climate Change: Some Solutions ADAPTATION STRATEGIES BE APPLIED, and HOW? CARBON EMISSIONS Urban form Urban agriculture Mass Transit co2 tonnes per capita for and structure selected countries in 2009 Increase density to decrease sprawl; CO2 increase public space; upgrade vulnerable areas; build in safe areas only; provide for wetlands and urban agriculture.

Urban infrastructure Implement city-wide renewable energy systems; capture landfill gas; recycle waste; provide basic services to all residents.

Carbon sequestration Plant trees and increase urban forests Urban agriculture in Havana contributes to food BRTs have social, environmental and economic benefits security and carbon seqestration and lowers in many cities: e.g. Bogota, Curitiba, Jakarta, Guangzhou, Transport transportation emissions. photo sourced from Ahmedabad. BRT comfort and convenience discourage Decrease car dependence; expand Inhabitat: Design Will Save the World private car use. photo source: Rail for the Valley 18.6 0.3 2.1 5.8 1.5 0.9 8.9 4.2 18.0 clean technology public transit for all socio-economic groups; accommodate cyclists and pedestrians. Bicycles Density

Built environment AUstralia BANGLADESH BRAZIL CHINA INDIA philippines south africa THAILAND USA Incentivize energy-efficient design, materials and technologies; retrofit CO2 emission contribute to extreme weather and global warming. source: World Bank Development Indicators existing buildings; harvest water and solar power.

23.53 Bicycles provide efficient and zero-emission transport False Creek, Vancouver has social mix and mixed use, CO2 emissionS worldwide. An estimated one billion people cycle daily. good public spaces, and well served by public transport. Regular cycling can help manage or prevent many photo sourced from Cyberdave.blogspot.com per country diseases. photo source: Global Studio: Bhopal

% 18,27 in selected countries Green Building City Greening 5 25 and world regions, 2009 source: United Nations Statistics Division,

20 Millennium Development Goals 13,98

15 “The biggest contributors to global

5.83 emissions in 2011 were China

10 5.72 4.04 (28%), the United States (16%), 1.82

5 1.80 the European Union (11%), 1.70 1.59 1.46 1.45 1.36 1.34 1.32 0.96 0.28 0.16 0.03 and India (7%).”

CO2 emissions CO2 2008 emissions world of % The building sector contributes about 30% annual Million Trees NYC is a city wide public/private carbon —Global Carbon Project, 2012 greenhouse gas emissions and consumes up to 40% of all sequestration program to increase New York’s urban for- Iran India

Brazil energy. Council House 2, Melbourne (2006) is an example ests by 20%. photo sourced from Hunter College— CUNY China Japan Kenya Russia Mexico

Canada of how local government can lead the way. Thailand Australia

Indonesia photo sourced from City of Melbourne Philippines Bangladesh South Korea South South Africa Saudi Arabia United States European Union

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a more inclusive city? + THE INCLUSIVE CITY Citizen Engagement Public Participation promotes opportunity for is inclusion in decision making in design and planning means all in social, political, about how a community’s people are active agents in potential economic, and cultural life. resources will be allocated. shaping their environment. BENEFITS OF public participation Global Studio, Alexandra Township Johannesburg, South Africa Generating new skills, new work, Global Studio: Prempura Bhopal, India

Mobilizes local knowledge and talent

Recognizes informality

Encourages a ‘right to the city’

Forges new directions out of contested spaces Methods can be superficial

Builds social capital, belonging and self-determination Legitimate conflict may be ignored in desire for consensus Shares the tools of education Class, caste, ethnicity can create exclusion Builds trust and capacity Can raise unrealistic expectations Brings excluded people into citizenship Working with Students in Khabakana Bhopal, India Designers work with Bhopal community Professionals maintain control Betters design and “Participatory design (and planning outcomes Process may be captured by local, planning) is key to achieving political or corporate interests Citizen control (Arnstein) equity and efficiency when Manipulation (Arnstein) formulating plans and in urban governance. Together, design and participation Potenital unlock the resourcefulness Cautions of of place and maximize public opportunities for discovery

participation in which all participate.” - — Nabeel Hamdi Small Change, 2004

Diagram source: QUALITY OF LIFE UN Habitat City A “Rights-Based” Approach Monitoring Branch 2009

Graphic Icon source: THENOUNPROJECT.COM May Day 2012, Free University, Union Square, New York, USA A “rights based” approach SOCIAL privileges human rights principles, environmental sustainability, social equity, political empowerment, and economic growth and redistribution. Clean water Shelter Health Arts

Religion Tradition Sanitation Food Education

Right to Beliefs Tenure Heritage + + A “Rights-Based” Inclusive Model Participatory Planning Cash transfer Access to and Budgeting programs markets Established in 1996, Shack/Slum Dwellers + Private Poverty Rights International (SDI) is “a network of Freedom Pro-poor GROWTH and GROWTH of Speech Diversity Inclusion Access economics Prosperity community-based organizations of the urban to the full poor in 33 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin opportunities POLITICAL of urban life ECONOMIC America. SDI’s mission is to link urban poor Difference Equality communities from cities across the (global) Free markets Trade South that have developed successful DEMOCRACY mobilization, advocacy, and problem solving

Rule of Justice Liberty strategies. SDI believes that the only way to Law Wealth creating manage urban growth and to create inclusive economic policies cities is for the urban poor to be at the center Decentralisation of strategies for urban development.”

Source: SDI website Learn more: www.sdinet.org Source: SDI website

Language Values

CULTURAL

“… a right to change ourselves by changing the city. …this Community savings, often managed by women, The Right to the City transformation inevitably depends upon the exercise of are the backbone of people driven development. collective power to reshape the processes of urbanization.” Community mapping of land use, services,

— David Harvey, The Right to the City, 2008 housing and households is a tool for mobilising For more people and lobbying governments. information and resources on this topic — Use your smart phone’s QR Code reader.

“Cities benefit when people become part of the city’s plans. Participatory planning helps narrow the gap between the rich and the poor by ensuring that urban resources are equitably distributed… Community participation is perhaps the most basic building block for creating equal and inclusive cities… it creates a medium of exchange between people and local governments.” “Be careful when importing — Renu Khosla CURE, Delhi approaches and technologies. Evaluate the specific context,

understand the history of the place, and use approaches that are culturally appropriate.”

— Jonathas da Silva University of Campinas, Brazil, 2012

“Public participation is often limited to those cooperative, ‘invited spaces of participation;’ our understanding should also “We can’t afford to treat citizen engagement as the latest include more confrontational fashionable trend. It should be woven into the fabric of all ‘invented spaces of participation’, design work, and even developed as a professional specialty where discontent and with clear ethical standards and protocols. …Digital tools frustration— although sometimes and social media provide new opportunities to unite design difficult— and ‘dangerous and democracy, to allow people to be involved in the spaces of citizenship’ also tell us decisions that shape their lives.”

about the dreams and desires of — Jess Zimbabwe and Bryan Bell Design Corps, USA, 2012 marginalized residents.”

— Claire Benit-Gbaffou Wits University, South Africa, 2012

How do designers and planners work effectively with individuals and communities to address urban problems, and

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7 Picture source: Global Studio, Johannesburg Inclusivity Global Studio and Education

People as partners Community Presentation Zeyrek, Istanbul, Turkey Rethinking architectural practice and education

GLOBAL STUDIO Global Studio is a design and planning “think and do tank” spearheaded in 2004 by the United Nations Millennium Project Task Force on Improving the Lives educates urban of Slum Dwellers.

The focus of Global Studio’s efforts has been professionals, international and interdisciplinary, involving work with disadvantaged communities, NGOs, and local governments. Global Studio offers conferences and “Healthy Home = Healthy People” Wits University Brainstorming, South Africa in place, to symposia to disseminate knowledge and encourage understanding across diverse platforms.

promote inclusive, To date there have been over 600 participants from 66 universities, more than 30 countries, and 10 equitable cities. academic disciplines. Community Messaging Project, Building Social Capital Diepsloot, South Africa Istanbul (2005), Vancouver (2006), Johannesburg (2007, 2008, 2009), Bhopal (2012)

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2. Develop participatory design and planning skills to support community-driven change.

3. EMPOWER participants; be driven by local needs; promote social entrepreneurship and PPSR Street Exhibition Vancouver, Canada Talking with Residents Bhopal, India on-going action.

4. Communicate outcomes to communities, local government, organizations, and general public.

5. Create global networks of professionals, educators, students, and communities.

6. Contribute to knowledge production, build bridges between communities and institutions Global Studio Vancouver Participants Vancouver, Canada and deliver innovative, proactive solutions.

7. Encourage development of the “citizen scholar” and “citizen professional.”

Action Engaged Citizen Trust 8. Contribute to the implementation of the Planning Inquiry Engagement Millennium Development Goals, especially “environmental sustainability,” improving “the lives of slum dwellers,” and developing “an international network for development.” Putting Knowledge and Ideas into Action

Why action planning? Top-down Bottom-up Working together in multi- planning planning does disciplinary teams makes Because top down and design the reverse, and ‘top-down meet bottom-up.’ planning and design put urban loses the benefits Effective action planning professionals of professional becomes possible. have not best served in the expertise. driver’s seat. the urban poor well. 21st century professionals require new skills. Action planning provides new opportunities. Learning to work with communities should start in universities, and professional silos broken down.

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Global Studio APPROACH

Adopting a participatory process, design observe listen talk brainstorm professionals can partner with communities. Global Studio uses a nonlinear process— developed with students, academics, urban collaborate research document think practitioners, and community partners— to create action planning, participatory practices, and partnership building, always adapting to a specific context.

LISTEN, OBSERVE and ASK feedback design plan partner What do people like/dislike about where they live?

What would improve their lives?

What physical changes could help improve their lives?

What is the political, developmental, and historical context?

Does the community have a vision for the future? and Will the project build capacity? Will it generate income or create jobs? reflect adApt develop disseminate Will it build community confidence? Will it build partnerships?

Is it something people want?

can design make a difference?

No project is too small. One size does not fit all.

Debate Build TRUST Implement

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BUSTLING, WHOLESALE MARKET IN HEART OF THE CITY THE BUSY VIP ROAD PREVENTS DIRECT ACCESS TO THE WATER’S EDGE Reconciling heritage Our process with rapid urbanization observe observe 1. Understand, Document, Analyze research research Bhopal, a city characterized by its OBSERVE public opinion on the old versus new city. lakes and hills, is home to 1.8 million LISTEN listen people. The city’s old and new areas are DOCUMENT topography, morphology, land separated by a narrow, congested land FEEDBACK use, local history, community recreational corridor adjacent to the Upper Lake. With spaces, pedestrian and vehicle movements. the participation of Bhopal’s citizens, this ASK “How often do you come to the lake project explored “knitting together” the front?” “How do you get here?” “Where are two areas as a strategy to re-energize PROCESS & OUTCOMES the landmarks?” the Old City’s architectural and cultural Initial work identified three themes for IDENTIFY community leaders, local partners. heritage, and, through the development further research and action: of a lake front public space, create a 2. Engage the Local Community more inclusive city center. A Living Heritage: Appreciation of HOLD a public event— “We are Bhopal” architectural and cultural heritage. at Pari Ghat on the lake front. NEGLECTED, HISTORIC CITY CENTER RE-INTRODUCE communities to their A People Friendly City: Appreciation of history and heritage through organized people— scale design and planning. UNDERSTANDING THE COMMUNITY’S NEEDS observe walks, photography, film, and art. FACILITATE exchange of information, and A Community Voice: Including community LISTEN research ascertain public opinion on public projects. participation and promoting citizens’ ideas SEEK local opinion on proposed master TALK LISTEN in government decision-making. plan, and design interventions at Pari Ghat.

OBSERVE DOCUMENT 3. Brainstorm, Plan, and Design RESEARCH INCORPORATE ‘We are Bhopal’ findings

FEED BACK into master plan and Pari Ghat design.

4. Engage Public Institutions Discuss design proposals with Bhopal Municipal Corporation and Ministry of Tourism, Madhya Pradesh.

REVITALIZE Cultural Heritage

FINDING NEW USES FOR HERITAGE BUILDINGS MANAGING URBAN DESIGN MASTER PLAN FOR THE HERITAGE PRECINCT HERITAGE ASSETS HERITAGE TRAILS 4   OBSERVE Finding new uses for 1 To Kamla Park PLAN historic buildings vacated 2 To Old City through Pari Ghat  DOCUMENT DEVELOP  by the government, to 3 To Hospital and Fort avoid decay or ‘demolition 4 To Mosque and Taj Mahal Precinct by neglect’— A new DESIGN Community Consultation 3 Center was proposed KEY SITES to be housed at Sadar  Manzil, in the historic Significant Hub 2  precinct, to serve as a Hospital Parking

space for communication Library Chowk Bazaar Royal Enclave and exchange of ideas for Mosque the city, between local Old Fortification CONNECTING THE CITY AND  Temple communities, citizens, and BOOSTING THE LOCAL ECONOMY institutional bodies.  A long-term vision and management plan for the Old City of Bhopal proposes: INFRASTRUCTURE 

Pedestrian Pathway Designation of the historic core as a Pedestrian Crossing heritage precinct, and a management plan Floating Walkway for significant buildings. High Frequency Transport 1 BRTS Route Ferry Route  Identification of key sites that could be Potential Bridge Link linked through heritage trails.

Strengthening pedestrian infrastructure HERITAGE to promote safe and easy access to the Heritage Precinct  heritage precinct. Significant Heritage Buildings 

Development of the precinct as a tourist hub and a driver for new social and economic development.

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Two proposals for THE ABANDONED PARI GHAT IS THE ONLY ACCESS TO THE LAKE FRONT FROM THE OLD CITY, AND HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME A SIGNIFICANT PUBLIC SPACE IF UPGRADED public “commons”

A PEDESTRIAN-CYCLIST

FRIENDLY LAKE FRONT THINK Cantilevered pedestrian walkway Provides safe pedestrian access to the lake PLAN front promenade. DEVELOP Generates health and environmental benefits: cleaner air for pedestrians; REFLECT

water-cleansing plants. DESIGN

Floating pontoons FLOATING PONTOONS CONNECT TO KEY PUBLIC BUILDINGS ON THE LAKE FRONT THE CANTILEVERED WALKWAY ALLOWS PEDESTRIANS AND BICYCLISTS SAFE ACCESS TO THE LAKE Resolve pedestrian congestion and connect to strategic points along the lake front. PLAN THINK

DEVELOP PLAN

REFLECT DEVELOP

DESIGN BEFORE - LACK OF CONNECTION BETWEEN THE GHAT AND LAKE

OBSERVE

DOCUMENT

RESEARCH

PARI GHAT PARK ‘PARI GHAT PARK’ : POTENTIAL GREEN COMMUNITY SPACE FOR CHILDREN, CREATIVE / COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES, URBAN AGRICULTURE PILOT PROJECT Unlocks social, economic, and environmental opportunities through ADAPT a public park at Pari Ghat, creating a AFTER - A SAFE, PEDESTRIAN CONNECTION UNDER VIP ROAD space for children’s play; creative COLLABORATE and commercial activities; and COLLABORATE urban agriculture. DISSEMINATE

PLAN Brings attention to Pari Ghat as a

DESIGN “social connector” between old and new areas of Bhopal, with potential to be a public destination.

GIVE People a ‘Voice’

“WE ARE BHOPAL” FESTIVAL AT PARI GHAT ‘NARRATING LOCAL HISTORIES’ PHOTO EXHIBITION EVENING PERFORMANCE BY LOCAL MUSICIANS “We are Bhopal,” was a Global Studio

event that promoted connectivity amongst ADAPT BRAINSTORM residents, and involved speakers, musicians, USE ACTION AND RESEARCH TO DISCOVER ISSUES AND and participatory activities. The event DEVELOP BUILD provided Global Studio with an opportunity ENGAGE PEOPLE. to present and receive feedback on its urban FEEDBACK IMPLEMENT design proposals. CONSULT LOCAL EXPERTS. IMPLEMENT USE SOCIAL MEDIA TO INCREASE OUTREACH AND GATHER FEEDBACK.

GIVING A VOICE TO COMMUNITY ASPIRATIONS—‘ENVISION THE LAKE FRONT’ ENABLING COMMUNITY VISION, ‘DESIGN YOUR IDEAL PARI GHAT’ GATHERING DIVERSE OPINIONS ENGAGING THE COMMUNITY PROVIDE FUN PUBLIC EVENT THAT PROVIDES ADAPT COLLABORATE FEEDBACK The festival provided an opportunity to A PLATFORM FOR COMMUNITY CONSULTATION. IMPLEMENT PLAN DISSEMINATE present the master plan for the lake front COLLABORATE DEBATE and Pari Ghat to the PRESENT OUTCOMES TO local community and LOCAL COMMUNITY. DISSEMINATE visitors, and gather their feedback.

Children, youth, and adults were encouraged to

ASKING PEOPLE WHAT THEY WANT REACHING OUT THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA illustrate their own visions for the Ghat. IMPLEMENT

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mapping the existing neighborhood SLUM FREE our process Kabadkhana water systems and housing 1. Understand, Document, Analyze Kabadkhana is an inner city neighborhood TALK to people on the street. in close proximity to the former Union OBSERVE VENTURE through the neighborhood to Carbide pesticide plant. Over 2,500 understand its physical reality. people died on December 3, 1984 when FEEDBACK IDENTIFY stakeholders and gatekeepers toxic gas escaped from the factory into to the local community. DISSEMINATE streets and houses. Over 500,000 poor HOLD small meetings with diverse people were affected, and environmental RESEARCH community stakeholders and justice remains elusive. Contaminated city administration. DOCUMENT soil and groundwater continue to impact ASK questions, observe, take notes, listen nearby communities. The new SLUM and listen between the lines. FREE CITY (RAY) policy** will likely be DOCUMENT observations on the built implemented in Kabadkhana. environment and on community issues.

2. Build Trust with Community SHARE information from different interest groups. distribution of housing stock in one street SEEK feedback on problems, issues, and possible plans. FACILITATE agreement on principles for a community vision.

katcha houses 3. Brainstorm, Plan, and Design Consider how divergent views can be accommodated, and prioritize actions. Understand local resources, assets and community capabilities.

semi-pucca houses 4. Implement improvements in partnership with community School-yard and open space clean-up with local children and residents.

pucca houses 5. Longer term improvements requiring funding and political will

streetscape and use of public space— kabadkhana COMMUNITY use of public space—kabadkhana UNDERSTANDING THE Discuss proposals for open space INFRASTRUCTURE OF improvement, safe water supply, and OBSERVE OBSERVE THE COMMUNITY incremental housing solutions.

Mapping the existing LISTEN LISTEN Research how partnerships between water supply and community, academics, government, and housing stock. DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NGOs actualize projects. Share knowledge with the community. Understanding and COLLABORATE documenting how space is used and how space enables social activity and community life is integral to any place- based incremental improvement of housing conditions.

DESIGN Alternatives

adaptable housing with comparable density to the g+3 standard HOUSING NEEDS— GOVERNMENT HOUSING, madrasi colony, G+3 housing ‘BIG PICTURE’ DESIGN ALTERNATIVES REFLECT By 2017, the urban housing shortage in India could reach 15 OBSERVE million units, 80% resulting from overcrowding. The shortage DESIGN can be met by building new housing and/or by intelligent LISTEN upgrading. Government programs JNNURM (National Urban PLAN Renewal Mission)*** and RAY** (Slum Free Cities) appear to TALK prefer developer driven one-size-fits-all housing blocks. THINK REFLECT

DISSEMINATE To understand the impact of the government housing DEBATE typology, Global Studio conducted a post-occupancy study with residents in a nearby four story or G+3 block at Madrasi Colony. Students then developed a design alternative following density requirements of the Slum Free City. Instead of four story blocks, the design proposes incremental and infill housing development that account for the social and economic conditions of Kabadkhana local residents, and the important connections between street and home.

**RAY (Rajiv Awas Jojana) or the SLUM FREE CITY Policy (2011) aims to promote a slum free India through bringing existing slums into the formal system, and addressing issues that create slums and urban land shortages.

***JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission), introduced in 2005, was created to modernize Indian cities through social and economic infrastructure For more improvements, Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP), and urban sector reforms to information strengthen municipal governance. and resources on this topic — Use your smart phone’s QR Code reader.

Small change— big naala / water drain - existing and proposed proposed landscape regeneration along naala difference. Smaller, OBSERVE DESIGN incremental projects can RESEARCH ADAPT significantly improve DOCUMENT DEVELOP community well-being and PARTNER COLLABORATE the physical environment, FEED BACK including wastewater

C B A management, cleaning, flexible outdoor space terraced mount vegetate Re-grade, re-landscape to Act as a viewing platform New plants ,i.e. mangroves control naala erosion and to the mangrove habitat, as a vegetative buffer to create a safer environment gathering space remediate water polution upgrading and interlinking for play and gathering for recreation and buffer air and noise new access to community hall and remediation of existing open sewer pollution from adjacent land of open spaces, and uses DESIGN the installation of play DESIGn DEBATE ADAPT

equipment for children. BRAINSTORM DEVELOP

COLLABORATE

Kabadkhana’s wastewater partly runs in open sewer systems and collects to the North in a large waste canal (Naala). The waste lines are among the few open space resources in the neighborhood and are a major health concern.

A design study helped understand how the Naala and its tributaries could be turned into a resource to remediate wastewater while providing accessible public space.

kabadkhana public SCHOOL

COLLABORATE

PARTNER

IMPLEMENT

need of safe and clean play equipment SCHOOL yard proposal

REFLECT BRAINSTORM

The public OBSERVE DEBATE school as hub ADAPT THINK for community engagement BUILD DESIGN and as part of a network of DOCUMENT interconnected public spaces. COnduct Research

Research groups provided QUESTION THE STATUS QUO OF TYPOLOGIES FOR LOW essential data for the COST HOUSING.

design and planning teams CONSIDER THE BIG PICTURE for all projects. AND THE LOCAL SPECIFICS. OFFER ALTERNATIVES TO AUTHORITIES.

ENGAGE WITH LOCAL RESIDENTS ON ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE TO THEM.

The research reports can be PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ARE found on theglobalstudio.com: NOT ALWAYS “EITHER-OR”— THEY CAN BE “BOTH-AND.” ‘Urban Poverty and the Slum Free City’ ‘Communication and Union Carbide’ A SLUM CAN BE IN DESPERATE ‘Water Access and the Urban Poor’ NEED OF IMPROVEMENT AND HAVE ADVANTAGES TO BE CONSIDERED.

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Capacity-building school grounds after clean-up our process through school IMPLEMENT 1. Understand, Document, Analyze improvements COLLABORATE HOLD small meetings with diverse community stakeholders. Prempura is an urban village of 3000 ASK questions, observe, take notes, people outside of Bhopal. Around half of listen and listen between the lines. the housing stock is “informal,” and many environmental, educational THE SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE proposal for community vegtable garden DOCUMENT houses lack adequate sanitation. Prempura The Prempura Public School has no and community issues. Public School is a two-room building and toilets, desks, or chairs. The treeless DESIGN IDENTIFY school and community serves the village’s poorer children. An “playground” is the site of open assets/deficits. NGO (Muskaan) provides a storytelling defecation and dumping. Vandalism PLAN program and mothers take an active role and theft of school property is frequent. 2. Build Trust with Community at the school. Through a participatory design process PARTNER SHARE information from with school children, teachers, parents, different interest groups. and villagers, a collective vision to SEEK feedback on problems, improve this situation emerged. proposal for children’s playground issues, and possible plans.

ADAPT FACILITATE agreement on principles

Short term site transformation in partnership with community for a community vision. COLLABORATE IMPLEMENT Brainstorm, Plan, and Design DEVELOP 3. Consider how divergent views can be COLLABORATE accommodated, and prioritize actions. Understand local resources, school PROCESS & OUTCOMES assets and community capabilities. Global Studio prioritized projects by propose immediate and longer term immediate or long-term feasibility. It improvements. devised innovative ways, including games, to engage children in the implementation 4. Implement improvements in partnership SITE PLAN INTEGRATING SChool and community needs local women and children paint together of projects to improve their health (waste with community pickup, recycling, personal hygiene); Tree planting by children and BRAINSTORM IMPLEMENT environment (tree planting); education SLOPE SLOPE community youth. SLOPE (murals and playground slide). AREA FOR UPGRADED TOILETS ROOM ALLOCATED FOR SCHOOL SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE DEBATE EXPANSION COLLABORATE Education murals painted by children. AREA FOR SCHOOL EXPANSION The site plan proposes that the school School yard slide built by community youth. UNDERCOVER THINK PORCH AKHARA COMMUNITY COMMUNITY GARDEN PLAYING and community share a new public open Prototype for student backpack. FIELD ANGAAN WADI SLIDE + TUNNEL HANUMANN WATER WELL space, with shade structures, toilets, and TEMPLE DESIGN SCHOOL PLAYFIELD community gardens. SWING-SET Longer term improvements WATER WELL SEATING 5. FEED BACK requiring funding Discuss proposals for school toilets; site

school and community work on environmental upgrades upgrade; manufacturing student backpack. Research how partnerships between PARTNER community, academics, government, and NGOs actualize projects. Share knowledge with community; Design professionals collaborate with kids MESSAGING CHALKBOARD FOR CHILDREN disseminate proposals to potential actors.

Prempura School Proposal 1:200 at A0 IMPLEMENT IMPLEMENT 0 5 10 20 50

m DESIGN DESIGN PARTNER

education reinforcement

Our proposals were categorized into the following four groupings then further identified as short-term, medium-term and long term goals. GENERATE Opportunity for Women

prempura mothers developing sewing cooperative COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Many Prempura residents are under or The initiative recognizes the vital link LISTEN unemployed. Local women initiated a between the economic empowerment of tailoring workshop located in the school. women, the well-being of children, and the TALK Global Studio participants met with the community as a whole. The school has the women to facilitate conversations, provide potential to enable a range of activities to DEBATE information, and plan actionable goals to further community development. BRAINSTORM start classes, electing a local woman with the background skills to teach the class DEVELOP and another to be treasurer. They agreed amongst themselves on a class fee structure and meeting plan, and pooled together to purchase their first two sewing machines.

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A new public School grounds before clean-up students picking up garbage Planet protector badge awarDed to each child after clean-up commons through DOCUMENT PARTNER COLLABORATE school ground clean-up OBSERVE IMPLEMENT and tree planting

Mobilizing community dissatisfaction with the state of the school ground, the cleanup and waste recycling was converted to an educational game, providing lessons that could be repeated by teachers or parents. Children embraced their roles as “planet

protectors,” and received a planet protector learning how to sort waste for recycling Post clean-up, hand-washing with soap at well badge after the cleanup. ADAPT BUILD

REFLECT DEVELOp

Engaging unemployed, young adults to help plant mango tree

COLLABORATE

IMPLEMENT

Global Studio, the “wish tree”: A mango tree was planted on top of children and community members’ wishes the school, and the broader COLLABORATE community enthusiastically developed ideas to transform the eight trees planted by children and youth cleaned space. Relying on input COLLABORATE from children, the overall principles IMPLEMENT for the use of the site were ADAPT agreed on, and BUILD consolidated in the site plan. The tree planting, the beginning of an ambitious site afforestation plan, was based on children’s Wishes were placed in a hole dug by the vision drawings. youth, and a mango tree— the children’s plant choice— was planted. A symbol of a greener a wish future, but one that requires commitment if it is to survive, the wishing tree is the first step in providing a shady social space for children and community.

For a project to be successful it needs to be owned by the community. Global Studio invited everyone to write down his or her wish for a better Prempura. DEVELOP Practical Solutions

Backpack/seat/desk prototype iSSUE: poor posture and lack of desks in classrooms Backpack Seat Writing platform

OBSERVE Use child centered approaches to DEVELOP engage children.

DESIGN Involve ‘problem’ stakeholders.

Make some immediate changes. With no classroom furniture School Bag Writing Platform children hunch over Demonstrate mid and longer notebooks on the floor. A low-cost backpack prototype that Global Studio observed term possibilities. this and responded to what doubles as writing desk and/or seat they perceived as a need. addressed the lack of desks and chairs. A local artisan made a soft Provide benefits for school backpack, with a small plastic stool stitched in and community. place. The stool provides a seat or surface to rest books on; a writing tablet is Seek new partnerships to inserted into a pocket. This piece of ‘portable furniture’ carry work forward. answers various problems.

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In 2007, Global Studio partnered with WITS University talk to me Shack Insulation shack waterproofing and the City of Johannesburg to engage in participatory action planning in Alexandra, Diepsloot, and Marshalltown. LISTEN IMPLEMENT IMPLEMENT Global Studio 2008–2009 focused on Diepsloot Township, TALK BUILD PARTNER working with local government and the community to build capacity, help form local NGOs, and develop environmental, COLLABORATE sanitation, and cultural projects.

2007 Led by local and international mentors, 85 students from 52 universities worked in Alexandra, Marshalltown, and Diepsloot. Action research and asking individuals what would improve their lives revealed that people’s concerns were: housing, sanitation, the environment, and communications. Some projects were implemented in 2007; others were finished in 2008 and 2009.

2008-09 Global Studio 2008 and 2009 worked in Diepsloot (est. 1995), a township outside Johannesburg of around 170,000 people, 75% of which live in informal settlements and shacks. Global Studio liaised with local government, further developing environmental, sanitation, and cultural projects. Over three years, the academic-community collaboration built Marshalltown, 2007 Alexandra Township, 2007 Diepsloot, 2007 knowledge, trust, and capacity and laid the groundwork for Inner city migrants experience Corrugated iron shacks are cold or Upgrading of existing shacks new organizations to become change agents. lack of basic services—water, hot. With simple insulation, comfort electricity, and heat. is substantially improved.

Environment pollution from raw sewerage and rubbish Sewage seepage proposal for new bridge in public space proposal for community food gardens proposal for water remediation in public space and rubbish OBSERVE dumping in the REFLECT DEVELOP BRAINSTORM Diepsloot floodplain DOCUMENT generated projects COLLABORATE DESIGn FEEDBACK that addressed DESIGN RESEARCH environmental, health, DESIGN DISSEMINATE

and safety issues PLAN over the longer term including: remediation RESEARCH of the floodplain; new pedestrian bridge with commercial and cultural opportunities; urban agriculture.

Sanitation

implementation of bucket drain system Leaking drains and defective waste management gps mapping of toilets and sanitation conditions toilets contribute to THINK contamination of streets and COLLABORATE RESEARCH +

the floodplain. The double sieve + BUILD DEVELOP DOCUMENT + + system addressed blocked drains, + + + + and GPS was used to plot toilet + + + + IMPLEMENT IMPLEMENT PLAN + + locations and rubbish collection + + + + + points in the most densely + + + + + DISSEMINATE + + + + populated areas of Diepsloot. + + + Toilet defects were catalogued. +

Working with Global Studio a new + + community organization, Water, TOILET CONDITION KEY + Amenities, Sanitation Services, + + leaking structural one of two neither toilet upgraded toilet Upgrading Program (WASSUP), issues toilets is working is working or drain was formed. + + MAPPING PUBLIC TOILETS b

Arts and Culture New Arts and community Center Over 200 people self- arts & culture festivaL 2008 Diep Salute film of hip hop artists 2009 planning session with community 2009 face painting skills 2009 identified as artists at DESIGN Global Studio community OBSERVE REFLECT DEBATE IMPLEMENT meetings in 2008. After a THINK Global Studio suggestion LISTEN IMPLEMENT THINK PARTER to register as a non-profit FEEDBACK organization, the Diepsloot COLLABORATE DEVELOP DESIGN ADAPT

REFLECT Arts and Culture Network IMPLEMENT COLLABORATE was established in 2009. Global Studio–DACN collaborations included an arts festival, development of plans for DACN center and a film promoting the local hip hop group.

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A Global Studio and CSUD at Columbia University project to share and exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban practitioners, universities, NGOs and policy makers on people’s participation in meeting the challenge of inclusive urbanization and climate change. 16 Nonprofit: Sticky SituationS, WASSUP, DACN Project: INCLUSIVE DIEPSLOOT location: JOhannesburg, South Africa CASE STUDY 5 Duration: 2007-ONGOING Transition To Community-Led Projects Academic Collaboration DACN and WASSUP work effectively in Diepsloot Township.

Effective The 2007-2009 academic (Global Studio)–community (Diepsloot) collaboration provided a basis for innovative community Community development, supporting and nurturing local strengths. Using design as a tool, academic–community collaborations can unlock Development some of the benefits of development.

Universities, academics, and students can connect officials, professionals, and WASSUP/DACN/GLOBAL STUDIO / STICKY SITUATIONS communities through participatory practices, ‘Design with the Other 90%’, United Nations New York, 2010 action planning, and knowledge production.

STICKY SITUATIONS (est. 2009)

WASSUP presenting at universities and conferences generating creative income opportunities Growing out of Global PARTNERing: community residents, local government, funders, academic institutions awareness building Studio, Sticky Situations made a long-term commitment to the community of Diepsloot. It currently works with grassroots groups to build organizational capacity, develop cultural and environmental projects, create partnerships with relevant organizations, and build on academic and professional initiatives. To learn more: www.stickysituations.org

WASSUP Water, Amenities, Sanitation Services, Upgrading Program Leaking drains and toilets impact health WASSUP was formed during community involvement WASSUP repairs and maintains Diepsloot toilets Global Studio in 2009. Since then, Sticky Situations has worked with local leaders to formally establish the WASSUP co-operative and seek funding. WASSUP partners with local government and operates as a self -managed communal toilet repair and maintenance business, providing employment to some residents.

To learn more: www.wassupdiepsloot.com

DACN Diepsloot Arts & Culture network

opportunities for artists and craftspeople hip-hop artists working with youth Arts and culture festival 2012 DACN at Pecha Kucha, Johannesburg 2012 Diepsloot has a rich cultural life in music, theatre, dance, hip-hop, and visual arts. Global Studio suggested the creation of an organization to address lack of resources and opportunities. The Diepsloot Arts & Culture Network [DACN] was formed in 2008, and celebrated with the city’s first arts and culture festival. Registered as a non-profit in Public Art by Diepsloot artists 2009, DACN provides opportunities for local artists, and works in “edutainment” on issues of public health and sanitation . To learn more: www.diepslootarts.org

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“We have little grasp of how communities reason or understand their political and economic realities, even though people build their own cities. And rarely do we participate in their process. We advocate shifting the process of community participation 180˚. More inclusive cities will result from the devolvement of power. This requires we think of ourselves as minor ...and requires we move from a logic that favors projects to one that strengthens programs and systems.”

— Marie Aquilino,ESA Paris and Maggie Stephenson (UN Habitat,Haiti), 2012

“Community architects help the community visualize new possibilities and new solutions for community transformation. Architects can quickly visualize a variety of solutions and “The most common mistake is that participatory processes design possibilities when they are used to merely solicit needs... In most urban contexts are presented with a ‘design the needs of people are relatively well known and most problem or situation’. Having governments do not have the resources or capabilities to this skill is an enormous help address them comprehensively due to the scope and scale to them when guiding the of basic deficiencies, not to mention entrenched interests. people through the process of Effective participatory processes engage people to reflect physical transformation of their on what their needs are but in relation to an explicit and community. In this way they can transparent account of what government can do, have help the community generate resources for and is willing to commit to invest over an options for development that extended period of time.” are realistic.” —Edgar Pieterse University of Capetown, South Africa, 2012

— Luansang et al, ACCA, Environment & Urbanization, 24: 2012

How are designers engaging communities around the world?

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18 Picture source: ACCA, Thailand 06 Nonprofit: HEALTHABITAT 07 CASE STUDIES 6 &7 NONPROFIT: ARCHIVE GLOBAL DEVELOP ‘Housing For Health’

THE NINE HEALTHY LIVING PRACTICES “ People who are marginalised or disadvantaged, rarely trust the words of those seen to be outsiders, and if those doing the talking are promising improvement and change— whether planners, architects, engineers or students— their words will carry little weight. And if the words are not trusted, the content will be ignored and the community will be disengaged.

Whether in projects in rural Nepal, urban New York City, Australia, Nepal, New York or remote Australia, the common, and usually unspoken, WASHING PEOPLE WASHING CLOTHES & BEDDING REMOVING WASTE WATER SAFELY question at any initial meeting is ‘why should we trust you?’ The path used in Healthabitat projects to encourage participation is to make some action HEALTHABITAT that improves the lives of some of those living in any project community… immediately”. Australia (est. 1985) —Paul Pholeros, Healthabitat Winner, 2011 World Habitat Award

Healthabitat began as a partnership between an architect, a doctor, and an anthropologist. Healthabitat’s goal is to improve WORKING WITH LOCAL, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, AUSTRALIA the health of the disadvantaged, especially children, by improving their housing and surrounding living environment. REDUCING NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF ANIMALS, IMPROVING NUTRITION REDUCING THE IMPACT OF OVERCROWDING INSECTS/VERMIN To learn more: www.healthabitat.com

MAKE SOME IMPROVEMENT TO PEOPLE’S LIVING CONDITIONS. Do something that makes a difference.

“NO SURVEY WITHOUT SERVICE” Make a change from Day 1. (Fred Hollows)

BUILD TRUST WITH LOCAL PEOPLE; Have long-term priorities to guide work. REDUCING THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF DUST CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE OF ENVIRONMENTS REDUCING HAZARDS THAT CAUSE TRAUMA EMPLOY LOCAL PEOPLE. Build long-term capacity to sustain the project. Australia (1985-ongoing) USA (2010) FIXING PUBLIC HOUSING APARTMENTS IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK The “Housing for Health” (HfH) methodology is based on Much of New York City’s public housing stock needs MONITOR PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES. nine Healthy Living Practices (HLPs) that link housing and the repairs. Working with Common Ground and the Brownsville Collect hard data and people’s stories. living environment directly to health outcomes. Developed to Partnership, Healthabitat was asked to trial the “Housing for respond to poor living conditions of Indigenous Australians, Health” model on 10 apartments in Brooklyn. Fixing defective THINK LATERALLY. Similar principles may apply over 7,500 houses have been improved since 1999, with items on the first day, this successful and cost-effective trial in rural Australia or urban New York. dramatic health gains for relatively minor investments. HfH has paves the way to scale up, and speed up health and housing directly improved the lives of over 45,000 people. improvements for New York’s urban poor. INVOLVE STUDENTS IN PROJECTS, they will be the next generation of professionals.

SAFE WASTE DISPOSAL AND COMMUNITY TOILETS, NEPAL WORK ACROSS DISCIPLINES, find local partners.

DISSEMINATE RESULTS to the participating communities first, then to all.

Nepal (2007-ongoing) In partnership with the Community Health Development establishment of an ongoing maintenance fund and work team Society (CHDS) in Nepal, Healthabitat developed designs for ensure a sustainable approach. Architecture students will work toilets and bio-gas digesters to address public health and with villagers in the next stage of this project, to assist with the economic issues. siting of toilets and biodigesters.

Free, smokeless bio-gas produced from human and animal waste is now used for cooking and replaces smoky fires Eight-two toilets have been constructed by local people benefitting around 1,000 villagers. that cause respiratory illness. Increased yields from crops fertilized by the bio-gas waste have also generated greater incomes. Health and hygiene programs for women and the IMPROVE Health Through Design

HAITI COMPETITION, HEALTH IMPROVING HOUSE HAITI COMPETITION, HEALTH IMPROVING HOUSE Haiti HIV affects 4.5 percent of the community of Saint Marc. This means a heightened vulnerability to tuberculosis, often a leading cause of death for people living with HIV or AIDS.

ARCHIVE partnered with Fondation Esther Boucicault Stanislas to develop an international design competition with the goal of improving health. Five winning house designs from around the world will be built.

Cameroon In Yaoundé 85 percent of settlements are informal, and 50 percent of deaths among children under five are due to malaria. Only 11 percent of these children slept under Haiti, Cameroon mosquito nets in 2004. When netting was added, exposure to mosquitoes dropped by 85 percent.

CAMEROON COMPETITION, MALARIA PREVENTION HOUSE CAMEROON COMPETITION, MALARIA PREVENTION HOUSE DESIGN COMPETITIONS CAN PROVIDE ARCHIVE Global NEW SOLUTIONS to health issues, especially when approached by multi disciplinary teams. UK and USA (est. 2006) PARTNERSHIPS WITH LOCAL NGOS can offer ARCHIVE Global is an international non-profit using housing/ appropriate competition objectives and design environmental design to combat disease among the most expertise, and can ensure funding to take disadvantaged. ARCHIVE Global works at the intersection of projects forward. health and housing using one basic need—housing—to deliver one basic right—health. INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN COMPETITIONS can raise awareness of problems affecting the disadvantaged. To learn more: www.archiveglobal.org

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ARCHIVE A Global Studio and CSUD at Columbia University project to share and exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban practitioners, universities, NGOs and policy makers on people’s participation in meeting the challenge of inclusive urbanization and climate change. 19 08 Nonprofit: ACCA 09 CASE STUDIES 6 &7 NONPROFIT: BRAC UNIVERSITY FACILITATE People-Driven Change

PARTICIPATORY PLANNING IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL POST DISASTER TOILET INSTALLATION IN INDONESIA “The question is not how to ‘train’ the urban poor or change their behavior but rather, to identify how development interventions can nurture and develop the strength that already exists, letting people make change.” —Boonyabancha, S., Carcellar, N., Kerr, T. Environment & Urbanization 2012

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam

COMPREHENSIVE SITE PLANNING IN MYANMAR, BURMA ACCA (Asian Coalition for Community Action) Thailand DISCUSSING OPTIONAL DESIGNS AND BUDGET ESTIMATION, BANGLADESH ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT (est. 2009)

ACCA is building a community upgrading process in Asian cities that is implemented BY PEOPLE, based in CONCRETE ACTION, driven by REAL NEEDS, CITY WIDE in scale, STRATEGIC in its planning, based in PARTNERSHIPS, and oriented towards STRUCTURAL CHANGE. From 2009 to 2012 the ACCA program has supported 950 small upgrading projects in 165 cities in 19 Asian countries.

Under the umbrella of ACHR (Asian Coalition of Housing Rights), and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, ACCA engages in effective pro-poor urban development at settlement, city, national and regional levels.

ACCA, CAN (Community Architects Network, est. 2010), para professionals and community builders play a key role, helping people transform “what is” into “what it could become”. CAN works with community mapping, upgrading , city planning, training, university programs and knowledge sharing.

COMMUNITY BUILDER TRAINING TO UPGRADE INFRASTRUCTURE To learn more: www.achr.net

COMMUNITIES AS THE INSTIGATORS OF CHANGE.

URGENCY AS THE DRIVING FORCE.

EMPHASIS ON ACTION.

CITYWIDE THINKING, CITYWIDE ACTION. Small Projects Big Projects City Processes By the end of 2009, ACCA approved a total of 299 small By the end of 2009, 32 housing projects in 12 cities had The city as a whole is the basic working unit in the ACCA STRATEGIC USE OF RESOURCES. projects in 290 slum communities across 13 countries. These been approved. These projects emphasize the role of program. In each city, the program’s first and most crucial upgrades were planned and proposed by communities, homeowners as the key actors in every stage of planning intervention is to help build a city-wide urban poor movement WORKING WITH PEOPLE, EVERY CITY CAN approved through a citywide process of prioritization, and and implementation. Projects are low cost, demonstrating an and to use the strength of that movement to change the way the SOLVE ITS PROBLEMS. implemented by community people themselves. economic, pragmatic, and replicable model. city’s problems of housing and poverty are addressed - and to change the power relationship between the poor and the city. EMPHASIS ON STRUCTURAL CHANGE. Projects ranged from paved roads, walkways and drainage lines to communal toilets, composting systems, bridges, ASIAN SOLUTIONS FOR ASIAN REALITIES. community centers, the planting of trees and the development of community fire-protection systems. These projects have BUILDING ON EXISTING ADVANTAGES. directly improved the lives of over 45,000 people. WORKING AT A CITYWIDE SCALE FROM DAY ONE.

BUILD Trust Through Education

PLATFORM OF HOPE – ASHAR MACHA ASHAR MACHA - A PLACE FOR CHILDREN ASHAR MACHA FROM THE WATER “Technique and technology are important, but adding trust is the issue of the decade.” —Stephen Covey The Speed of Trust, 2008

Platform for Hope— Ashar Macha Since 2007, landscape architect Khondaker Hasibul Kabir has been living in Korail, the largest slum in the growing megacity, Dhaka. While teaching at BRAC University, he worked with local families on a small garden and bamboo platform, Ashar Macha, which evolved on the edge of a polluted water-body. Ashar Macha provided a place for children to play, interact and read, borrowing books from a small library in the garden. Bangladesh

DHR PROJECT- CYCLONE AILA VICTIMS BRAC STUDENTS WORK WITH COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENT HOUSE Disaster Resilient Habitat (DRH) 43 houses and a school cum cyclone shelter were designed and constructed with a small community BRAC University affected by Cyclone Aila in 2009. The initiative was supported by UNDP and BRAC University. Bangladesh

The Department of Architecture at BRAC University, Dhaka,

has been developing programs that address poverty through

DEVELOP TRUST THROUGH ACTION action and the sharing of knowledge, with respect to local AND PERSONAL COMMITMENT. needs and aspirations.

INVOLVE INTERDISCIPLINARY The program builds trust through action teams. These teams TEAM MEMBERS. include masons, carpenters, poets, singers, mud-workers, bamboo-workers, house-owners, engineers, architects, landscape ENGAGE IN PROJECTS THAT INSPIRE HOPE. architect, disaster managers, and students of architecture.

For more information and resources on this topic — Use your PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH smart phone’s QR Code reader. EXPERIENTIAL KNOWLEDGE. ACCA

BRAC A Global Studio and CSUD at Columbia University project to share and exchange knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue between communities, urban practitioners, universities, NGOs and policy makers on people’s participation in meeting the challenge of inclusive urbanization and climate change. 20 “If you want be part of [India’s] transformation you have to work in interdisciplinary teams. We need to build an entirely new generation of change makers. What is it that “Governments young people need to know in the and cities cannot late 2020s… when they have the solve the housing power to make change. We are problem, but will creating a new profession, we call they give people them ‘urban practitioners’. We a chance?” have to address the questions of

— Sheela Patel SPARC & SDI, India ‘why’ and not only ‘how’.”

— Aromar Revi IIHS, India ‘Learning about Cities’ (You Tube)

“Let people be “Professionals must come down from the veranda, as Bronislaw the solution.” Malinowski famously urged anthropologists, and into the hut, the tent, and the slum, examining the world that slum

— Somsook Boonyabancha ACHR, Thailand residents inhabit to find ways in which their own skills can be of assistance. Many students and young professionals have a genuine interest in helping address the challenges facing the urban poor, not only because of the architectural or planning challenges but also because the cities of low-income countries are some of the most dynamic and interesting sites for new thinking and ideas. Confronting these cities’ complexities calls for the most creative minds.

If it is to be pro-poor, the framework for action must adopt a social justice perspective in its approach to globalization— ’globalization from below’ rather than above, with the poor as subjects, not objects, of development.”

— Sclar, Garau and Carolini, A Home in the City, 2005, Task Force on Improving the Lives of Slum Dwellers Report

Given the opportunity, the tools, and the access to information how do the urban poor become effective agents

For more information and resources on thisand topic — leaders of change? Use your smart phone’s QR Code reader.

Share your experience: expand the network of organizations, educational programs, and communities engaged in creating the inclusive city.

Consult our resource base of books, films, talks, organizations.

Add new organizations, books, films and programs to our lists.

Build the People Building Better Cities Network at peoplebuildingbettercities.org

For more ways to get involved Build— Use your the People Building smart phone’s BetterQR Code reader. Cities Network at peoplebuildingbettercities.org

“Don’t try to sort out the mess and ambiguity – engage with it. Give chance a chance. Be prepared to get muddled because you cannot possibly hold it all in your head. Recognize that getting muddled is a prelude to creative work. Encourage random encounters… position yourself with purpose and then let circumstances guide you along.”

— Nabeel Hamdi Small Change 2004 For more information and resources on this topic — Use your smart phone’s QR Code reader.

22 Picture source: ppsr //Global Studio, Vancouver, Canada Participation People Building and Inclusive Better Cities Urbanization USA THAILAND africa south philipPines KENYA INDIA CHINA BRAZIL BANGLADESH AUstra lia

EXHIBITION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Anna Rubbo Global Studio Founder, CSUD, Columbia University & FADP, University of Sydney

Megan Bullock Creative Director, MESH Design New York

Matthias Neumann Architect, Normaldesign, New York Other thanks to:

Devangi Ramakrishnan Urban Designer, Studio-X | Graduate School Urban Design Collective, Pondicherry of Architecture, Planning Jennifer van den Bussche Sticky Situations Founder, and Preservation | Johannesburg Columbia University

William Chan Student, FADP, University of Sydney

HENRY HALLORAN TRUST

University of Sydney THANKS TO: International Program Development Fund Australia-India Institute Global Studio partners, mentors and participants, BSHF (British Social whose work makes this Housing Foundation) exhibition possible. Project advisors: MESH Design Nirupam Bajpal Director, Columbia Global and Development Centers | South Asia and The Noun Project

Somsook Boonyabancha ACHR, Thailand

Louise Cox UIA Immediate Past President

Alexandre Apsan Frediani DPU, University College London Nabeel Hamdi Professor Emeritus Oxford Global Studio partners Brookes University and associates Marie Huchzemeyer Professor, School of Architecture & Planning, Wits University Bhopal: MANIT (Maulana Azad National Institute of Jacqueline Klopp Research Scholar, CSUD, Technology); Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for Earth Institute, Columbia University the Poor; Muskaan; Rizvi College of Architecture; Geeta Mehta GSAPP, Columbia University CEPT Ahmedabad; University of Sydney, the & URBZ India communities of Bhopal.

Peter Phibbs Professor, Architecture, Design & Johannesburg: School of Architecture and Planning Planning, University of Sydney and CUBES, University of the Witwatersrand; City of Johannesburg, Regional Offices and Johannesburg Paul Pholeros Director, Healthabitat, Australia Development Agency; SA Cities Network; Alexandra Edgar Pieterse Director, African Centre for Renewal Project, DACN, WASSUP, University of Cities, University of Cape Town Sydney, the communities of Alexandra, Marshalltown and Diepsloot. Elliott Sclar Director, CSUD, Earth Institute, Columbia University Vancouver: School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of British Columbia; VANDU; Cynthia E. Smith Curator, Cooper-Hewitt, Aboriginal Friendship Centre; University of Sydney; National Design Museum the communities of the Downtown Eastside and D. Ajay Suri Cities Alliance, South Asia surrounding areas. Region, India Istanbul: Istanbul Technical University, Columbia University, University of Rome, and University of Sydney, the community of Zeyrek

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