D A

éQ va Rk 3

S U B S C R I B E R S

ms GRA CE TH E LORD PRIMATE .

corm s . r ‘ m T v t lh A a he Ver R e . t he D f 4 C s B e r gh , y ean o , hri tian ro hers ,

A rms tron M d S r 8 Gami D r. T m . g , ere ith , u geon , ng, ho as

m s S C wf . Ja e , urgeon , ra ord, John M m B e s o d A ms . rs . C r e 2 illy, Ja es, r f r r

L d . P. D . C . . L . G W Jones , J , , len ook , John , on on u H B Cu a e H N n B a le ouse, enburb , pp g , enry, orther ank .

W . C d Rev . m , ale on .

Adams . C . D dso , J larke avi n , John, B m P A G r B . . llen , eo ge enj a in

D Rev. E . 0 Killeshal. isney,

B H m Dobbm T m J . P . abington , u phrey. , ho as , M d B r i m S l P c . a ker, Will a , o icitor. John , ere ith la e B li m Ol B of Ir l arnes , Wil a . iver, ank e and, B W T m . . N . w . arre, J , e ry ulla ore

B co S c . D u a . arrett, Ja b , oli itor o gl s, John

B i D w R e v. T . D . D P D w . l m. c eatt e, Wi lia re , , re entor, o n

B c S e wa Garrick B c e Por E cc s R t K d . la ker, t rt, la k r, le , ober , ea y d ‘ t ado wn . dm N . M N . E on son,

B l A a d S c . el , lex n er, oli itor

B G L d . Farrier A r D l . enson , eorge, on on , lexande , ub in

B o C R N Lis u un . do . olt n , aptain , b rn . j ,

B m m L. i li B lf . F otto ley, W l a , e ast erris , Josiah B d A dr w oy , n e .

B roomfield T ma . G m . , ho s a ble, John

B c l m G aus sen R ev. E . C d. u hanan , Wil ia , , J oalislan

M d . B s R . G d urge s, obert or on , i ley

G m S D . rant, Ja es , urgeon entist

C The V Re v. t he D of G R e v. . R . Kildart on . ashel, ery ean , reer, J , C w R M v Mrs . . Re . J . L u . . s w ho ley, , o ghgall J , onk to n .

v d. C s M . C . M D . P. D rumban a her Gr ffi lo e , , , g , i n , a i

C c ll mard Rev. H o hrane , Gui e , W. .

G C . S i or Gw n Ric d. eorge , olic t . y ne, har R obert, C olvan The Dr . H t F is . , late John . ar , ranc C v The . e H z F a s . on nt, a lett, r nci C chn Wilb e L H z R b t S D is ooper , J y , ondon . a elton , o er , urgeon ent t C s m m ro l a . H a n Re H . T . Kil o . ou er, Wi li e r e , v. ,

715 1165 iv. S UBSCRIBE RS .

s . COPIE corm S . ‘ M Comb e Mr. G w H a ac . . e tly, J ob , , lasgo in t r Dr H . H s tin K s . R r . enry, W a gs . y , obe t

m C ullou h D d. H d i . o gens , W llia g , avi C u c H R ev . m L . ogan , Ja es , ibrary, t heon, John d H u G D . F Ow . ghes , eorge arlan , en m m K d Willia s, Ja es , ea y.

I w R ev. A e P 2 r in , l xander, recentor, g N M R . J. P . K . C . John , , arna h , eady oble, iss

’ c R ch O Neil C . Ja kson, i ard . , olonel

st n G B n of I d. Orr L u John o , eorge , a k relan , Joseph , o ghgall , M M ‘ . Neale . P R ev m K m i m . . Will a . aton , Ja es , il ore P D Mrs . 2 r. A d T d . , atten , lexan er, an ragee

K m P T m G . J il ore . eel , ho as R t ober .

K A R . S c P R c a K . aye, rthur , oli itor . reston , i h rd, ilkenny

K M s s . elly, i

K n n H M Rea S m . e o o n . Edward c f i y , , a e en , Wh te , a uel

c u c S r i 2 R d T h m s E . h r h , h opsh re, ei , o a

Kid rs R . M . M . d, eilly, John E w d D mm d s B allin ahon emore . d . Jo eph , ar , ru on R s Mr D l Os un . S ic . . . borne, j , ol itor eynold , , ub in

K m s Mr R c G . il i ter, . i e, eorge

m s L . Kni M rs R s D r. ght, . igg , Ja e M M s R n rs . O s i s . obi son , , b ervatory.

M i R ev. L . Kilclun e R sle Y s . iss p y , ork hire . , y am J es . R m M s . Lee rs . m , Ja es . obert , Ja es

L r me R ollst on A dr w . D . s eslie, Ja . , n e R G F H L . m c . L u n R c a d . . . ilb r , i h r ogers , , i eri k

L m Mis s R s P n d M b u . iver ore, . oger , John e tri ge, el o rne m a R H L d m B e v. . . 2 ou an , Ja es . o b nt , W

L D r s M R T m s Bui d . ynn , . Jo eph . oss , ho a , l er

Sc G . M D r. K ahood, , ingston . ott, eorge A f M rs d w B s B . M . auleverer, n re , el a t ank ‘ w M r . K n zie L d n M G . S s M e 2 illar , eorge ha , , on o ,

E P P . i B . . S M S C . D . n . . C arr ekma tearne , Q , ublin hirley , vely , , l M u l c . S ir C B . C ast edillon . o yne x , apel , art , ross o m R v m M R S e . S M . oore, bert . i pson , a uel , adden Wm A Thomas . . .

. m R ev c . am s H S c Du S . s J e , oli itor, blin . ith , Ja k on

l l . R . B c w M u an R M . L. w ev M . L D . Lis n adi l. g , . , , J , la k aterto n, M R v C bi R c T om B e . os K e s S . orgell , , noyle e tory, h a , avings ank H m d n m o s . , Wilt Willia . M u v M H R . S a w R e . o ev. . . rray , J hn W tr ng ays , J . M s f H B s . i B 3 S r S r . . T Abb u grave, enry, el a t t onge, Jas , art , ynan ey,

‘ M C an T n m . T m Du . , ho as albot, Willia , blin

C a R v m T T e n is on m i an . e . . o ll T J. . P . Portne le n , Willia , ynan , h as , J , g

C n oc l m B s Ba . T m Mrs li t k, Wi lia , elfa t nk ho pson , . S B C IB U S R ERS .

rm co s .

T s Gua dian Off e m R c . . d Re v. B a homp on , John , r ice Wa e , nj in , e tor m v T h eo T . . d d e . G . a Mr O B L 2 otten a , R , ynan W lker, , rgan uil er, on on,

Tirb ut E w D . al c H . , d ard, ublin W la e , ugh l i d Tur e R O C . a n R ev . C E ls . , obert, rgan st, athe ral W ri g, harles , g i h

m . L 60t h R fl . D . . l G . C s Wil ia , ieut i es White, John , a hel

Mis s S m B s e 6m. A n . a uel , ook ller , ( ge t m n m O s for s . Ja es , rgani t, West i ster thi Work ) A L Wi s m . am c . bbey, ondon lkin, J e , Wat h aker D o M s do . v s am R e . A . . i , Willi son, , nagh

i o v . H f R e . G . B as . W ls n , , el t V W . B . . Sir M . P L 2 m s . D r. ill m T erner, , art , , ondon , W ia ho a V n M rs oga , . v M hi R e . A . N d C m , orth ar en, Ja es . h c eat e r 4 C . Wood, harles

Rev. T . S . L . V of alb er , icar W

to n Sus 2 Y un Re v. . . M. C a I and. , sex, o g, W J , o l sl

I N T R O D U C T I O N .

THE w of compiler of this treatise has selected from the ritings Camden ,

’ O Flahert A rchdall of Bede , y , Ware , , Stuart , Reeves , and the Annals

t f of m the Four Mas ers , such in ormation relative to the City Ar agh , as

s w n he trust ill prove i teresting to the general reader .

who w e To those have not access to orks of great r pretensions , this b ochure ma t r y be accep able , as it contains , in a condensed form , a f f n of t n aith ul and impartial description of every thi g impor ance , tendi g to throw light upon the past and present His tory of a City which w as f once the seat o learn ing for the British Isles .

THE PHOTO GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS were taken and

f a e w . BRA H A M A B T o print d expressly for this ork , by Mr A T L O , Arm gh ,

RECORD or THE CITY or ARMAGH.

A NC IE NT NAME S BY WH IC H IT WA S KNOWN .

INNUME RAB LE difficulties attend the elucidation of the ancient topo graphy of the City of Armagh ; little or no information relative to this f subject is to be obtained from foreign , and not much rom domestic

wr e s . w . it r It is , ho ever , believed to have been early inhabited

MacDermot l , in the explanation to his Topographica and Historical

s A rdmacha was Map of Ancient Ireland , state that , or Armagh , in the

- e i Nenwdians who w C elt o . arliest ages colon zed by the , ere Scythians

The w i Celts ere descended from Gomer , and the Scyth ans from Magog, t wo Ja het sons of p , son of Noah ; and both these people originally

w in t h d elt the countries near e E uxine and Caspian S eas , on the borders of Europe and Asia .

A rdmacha A rdmak A rmachana i h n ow , , , or the h ll of Mac a , Armagh , w as f of w ho had her so called either rom Macha , Q ueen Ireland , resi

Eman A M h i Nemedius who was ia . w dence at . or from Mac a , fe of , supposed t o have been buried there more than a thousand years before

the w a e U the Christian era . The derivation of ord dopt d by ssher is

Ardmach t he i w ri of the , h gh place or field , hich is perfectly desc ptive

’ r w O Don ovan w g ound on hich the City stands . , ho ever , states that n o s n Irish cholar ever gave it that inte rpretatio . Ptolemy , the great

r w ho d of Egy ptian geog apher , live in the reign Antoninus Pius , about

120 w cen the year of Christ , in riting of ancient Ireland of the first

e i tury , numerates among its several illustr ous cities , RE BA and

w of RI GIA , or REGIA , concerning hich , great diversity opinion has

’ ’ itt a d Ibem itu d. t Reba C existe In P olemy s Index , is thus described ,

A r h h mac ana Re ia e A rclinat . , and to g is pr fixed , , (Dublin) Ware , RECORD OF THE

of of I m in his description the places Ancient reland , entioned by

o f Re ia : r Ptolemy, says g Mercator takes this place to be Lime ick , w w n t he hich cannot ell be , in regard it is enumerated by Ptolemy amo g

i f m n an . d Mediterranean c ties Camden , ro its ame situation , thinks

Reba i . Bleba it is some place near Lough Ree He then defines to be , ”

w . situated on the river Barro , in the County Kildare In the III Vol . “ of f the Irish Academy Transactions , there is a val uable paper rom

f w Mr . Beau ort on this subject , in hich he endeavours to explain some

’ f e w e in of m di ficulti s hich app ar Ptolemy s geography this kingdo .

b v Speaking of REGIA , he says This city is supposed Mercator to

’ he m but lo i i it ude in t Li erick , by its latitude and g P olemy s tables , it

E A MA NIA E amhan appears to be , or , situated near Armagh , and at

’ - N E avan t he of w present called Rath , or Fort Navan , hose remains

f of v w consist o a circular entrenchment considerable extent . This ie

p for Emania ap ears to be the most correct , , according to the account

v of of r given by the nati es ancient Ireland the second centu y , is the

Ri ia f same in geographical position as the g o Ptolemy . In one of the

’ ’ of m O C on n or s oldest maps this kingdo , annexed to Dissertations , ” d of of entitle , A Map Ireland agreeably to the times Ptolemy, Rigia

Eamania Ri ia m is represented as . This term , g , as applied to Ar agh

in by Gibbon and others , may probably have been given compliment to

Ro alf f w the y ounder, rom hom the city is supposed to have derived its “ n ivitas d P c se es . . ame ; thus , Regia or St iech calls it the seat of

C m A . . a brensis m empire styles r agh , the capital of Ireland Bede

m h t r D f . ear ac . e o w calls it , . a field oaks , here St Pat ick built a very

fine . t he city ; but he subjoins a romantic circumstance , viz , that

m was d w for him b . Cluverius . 112 odel of it ra n y the angels , p ,

w as calls it the head of the kingdom , and adds , after it , Dublin h 1182 69 th a . w o w second Jocelyn , rote about the year , in the ch pter f f h th o his . t e li e of St Patrick , speaks of D ublin , in time of at saint,

— a ers exi u as a small village p g g us .

u A rdma h w m Near nto the river Kalin is g , hich (albeit it aketh a poor show) is the Archiepiscopal See and Metropolitan of the whole I F C TY O AR MAGH .

B f . f f r . o f Island e ore St Patrick had built there a air city , site . orm , n quantity , and compass , modelled out by the appointment and directio f m ali h of hi w as D riu s c . m angels , t s place called The Irish tell uch that d n of A rmacha it receive the ame Queen but the better opinions are , w D earmach of that it is the same hich Bede calleth , and out the ‘ ’ and r inte r ret e th of - Vit a Scottish I ish language p it the field oaks . (

t f ar. c t a A S . P . o ) The City of Armagh is the principal tow n in the County of the same

a l To n me , and the Archiepiscopal See of the Primate of all Ire and . point out the precise time w hen Armagh was first built would b e a vai n

t not s if at empt, and reasonably to be expected , e pecially it be considered that few cities are laid out all at once . It is situated on the sloping

of an i D ruimsailech of sides ascent or ginally denominated , the hill

w Saile cli of w sallo s , changed to Ard , the height sallo s , and then to

A rd- s E amhuin - of t he Ma ha , most probably Macha , the palace Kings

f in w o w s . w Ulster , hich stand its vicinity These sallo s ere evidently

w - for used in the construction of d elling houses the original settlers .

A NT PA TR C S I I K .

’ but The chronology of St . Patrick s history is very uncertain , the best 458 w f authorities agree in fixing A D . as the year in hich he ounded

r w w as n cliieftain of the Cathed al , the site of hich give by Daire , the

who w the district , resided on the summit of the hill here the Cathedral n ow w as w w of - stands , and after ards kno n by the name Rath Daire .

In f w b e A a the year ollo ing held at rmagh his first synod , the c nons of ’ I l ilk n s on Vol . in W i C . which are sti l existence . ( This Cathedral has been so often battered by invaders and so often repaired by the native I rish in the fashion of the age in w hich the n ew

f s w e us e o a . alterations took place , that cannot make any it evidence

a f f of t he f I t appe rs rom the authority of the Tripartite Li e ounder , to

an 140 f have been oblong structure eet in length , and divided into

n ave and choir , according to the custom of the ancient churches .

had w The Irish crypts to their stone churches , ith insulated round

w w n o f t . t in o ers These crypts ere under , but upper cro ts , situated the roofs between the circular stone ceiling and the stone pediment RECORD OF THE

f of Glen daloch roo , as the churches and Cashel . On this account the

f w r w roo s of the Irish churches ere raised rema kably high , hich gave ff f m f them a di erent appearance ro those o the Saxons . The Irish do

a in an d not appe r to have built lime stone prior to the ninth century, from which period stone -roofed churches and round to wers became

in w common this island . The ancient ooden churches and other edi

fices of w n the Irish , being easily destroyed by fire , ere consta tly exposed to the depredations of the Danes and other roving plunderers . There w h & f t e c. o ere no other means of saving sacred relics , vestments , , the

w of in churches , and the ealth the inhabitants , than by hiding them f subterraneous caves . The method , there ore , of building churches

of w f was e entirely stone , ith upper cro ts , a great improvement, as it gav a place of security to the goods of the inhabitants as w ell as to the

of sacred utensils for the churches being entirely stone , could not be easily burnt ; and the entrances into the upper croft s being only by

r w i - na ro sta rs , or by ladders through stone trap doors , they could not

w w w des ul be plundered ithout pulling do n the building, hich in those

ff has tory expeditions they had seldom time to e ect . This subject been rendered very interesting by the Irish antiquarian , W . Beauford , in his O rigin of t he Ancient Irish Churches .

In 1145 n for the year , Gelasius built an imme se kiln or furnace — making lime to repair the edifices in Armagh a proof that lime had

long previously been us ed in their construction . This kiln appears to

and was 60 have been quadrangular , of the extraordinary dimension of

of w as re feet on every side . The ancient method using this lime to

in - w duce it to a th or semi liquid mortar , ith a portion of fine sand ;

w w as t he hich being thus prepared , poured into the internal joints of w alls . This process is designated gro uting .

. i e u in w St Patrick also la d out a larg city, beautif l situation , dre to it

a . inhabitants , and established there schools and seminaries of educ tion

e n l Not long aft r he resig ed the primacy, and it is a leged , remainde r of his days in ret ire me CITY OF A RMAG H . day has been observed for his commemoration in Ireland to the present

f Ehurch w i . w e o time H e as buried in the Abb y Saul , a hich he h mself h his a ad w . founded at Do npatrick The of death is uncert in , but accordin to most w rite rs ir w as C ambrensis gives the g / following insc ript ioa his tomb : Dow n t hree fill In f Saints one grave do , l m Co u bkill. B ridget, Patrick , and

i ‘ des cri tion s i t he w e an t r m In a p fi principal to ns in Ir l d , ex acted fro ’ H olinshed s we w A rdma h a Chronicle , read that the to n of g is s id to

en emie resen t lie be to rats , and anie be brought hither, p it dieth ,

nh raiers . which t he i abi o the p of St Patrick . f The credulous that sometime be ore his death , St . Patrick gathered together the several tribes of serpents and venemous

u l u m n t he creat res to a hi l in Conna ght , and drove the headlong i to

' W e f est rn Ocean , and that rom hence hath proceeded that exemption i wh ch Ireland enjoys from all poisonous reptiles .

” ' I was on the top of this big hill

St . Patrick preached his sermon , f That drove the rogs into the bogs ,

And bothered all the vermin . w o f w The toads ent p p, the rogs ent plop , - w Slap dash into the ater ,

And the snakes committed suicide ,

T o save themselves from slaughter .

o . In the course of his missionary lab urs , St Patrick determined to adopt the most effectual means for trans mitting to pos doc founded at Armagh

A s c n o o n , w Th hich in process of time became famous throughout E urope . e foundation of the School of Armagh is to be traced to a very remote pe riod in the j udgment of those who are the champions of Irish anti uit w l q y , hile this seems to be ittle more than conjecture in the estima i tion of others but of its early existence there can be no quest on .

ke m l e in m m Li every si i ar school of l arning Europe , even of ore odern RECORD O F THE

was f w e date , it insigni icant in its commencement , but find , even so

t of 12th h la e as the end the century , though many c anges had taken

a of pl ce , and a long night darkness had intervened , that the last of of the Irish Kings , an encourager learning, augmented the income

of stadium ene of the Superior Armagh College , stipulating that this g rule should be continued to be kept ope n for all students who should come to Armagh . 5 w . 1 . 15 The College of Armagh , rites Fitzgerald , vol , p , ranked for many centuries amongst the most celebrated seminaries in E urope ,

’ O C on having at one time students within its walls . Roderick

f . f . o nor made a grant to its pro essors Gildas , a disciple St Patrick , and the most ancient of the British historians , is said to have presided o w ver it . The studies pursued in the Irish colleges ere , theology , ”

i . grammar , rhetoric , logic , music , geometry , astronomy and arch tecture

In e w w e find the Popular E ncyclop dia , published at Glasgo , that ,

was in the middle ages Armagh an extensive and populous city , and

on e celebrated for its learning, having at time students at its

l in co lege . But more modern times , or three or four centuries pre

t he f ceding Re ormation , all the Irish colleges had passed into compara

in si n ifican ce w of of tive g , ith the exception that Armagh ; the high

w was was n estimation in hich that college held , attested by a sy od of

w - w ri G t enty six Bishops , hich P mate elasius convened at Clane (Diocese “ o f d in 1162 w n was Kil are) , , he it decreed , that no person , for the

l e n time to come , should be admitted as a pub ic read r in Divi ity , unless he had bee n a student fostered or adopted by Armagh . Charlemagne of France placed the University of Paris and that o f

i a i w o f o f T . . t icinum , Pav a (the first ormed establishments the kind — on of t wo A lbiu the Continent Europe) , under the care of Irishmen

. and Clement , as best qualified to preside over such institutions

A i ilbert o f f w g , the first bishop the Western Saxons , and a ter ards

r f of w Bishop of Pa is , also Al red King Northumberland , ere educated in Ireland , most probably at Armagh , w Thus e see that Armagh was a chief seat of literature and religion , Y A CIT OF RMAGH .

s w w w w a blazing tar , hen most parts of the estern orld ere involved in darkness and superstition . In the minds of the E nglish it should

of ff for was excite sentiments gratitude and a ection our country , for it to this seminary of education that England w as in a great degree in debted for the rudiments of learn ing which have ultimately exalte d her

r to such a pitch of glo y . " A n IOo Saxon s w w to Our g , rites Camden , ent in those times Ire

if f w we land as to a air , to purchase kno ledge ; and often find in our

w f m his ow n was authors , that if a person ere absent ro country , it

of w a was generally said him , by y of proverb , that he sent to Ireland

n s to receive his education . It eve appear that our ancestors , the

- of n ancient Anglo Saxons , had learned the use characters in Irela d ;

f t he re and rom Irish , our ancient English ancestors appear to have ceived o f of t he their method joining letters , and obviously made use

- P 730. s w n ow . . ame characters hich the Irish employ Bede , in his

. 27 w w Ch urch History , B . III , C . , rites : There ere in Ireland many

who t he of Finan us nobles and gentry from among the English , in time

C olman us who w w for and , having ithdra n themselves thither, either

of of the sake divine study , or to learn more chaste lives all them the

at is w ~ Scots most freely admitted , and supplied them g r ith daily sus t n i 5th ena ce w . , th books and masters Macpherson says In the , 6th 7th i , and centuries , relig on flourished in Ireland to such a degree ,

was r that it commonly styled the mother count y of saints , and reputed

8 h r t he kingdom of arts and sciences . In the t centu y A C ULD EA N MO NA STE RY was e in m is m in t he rected Ar agh . This establishment entioned

l the 9 20 w a s A . Ann s of Four Ma ters , and Ulster , D , here it is recorded t of ublin m hat Godfrey , King the Da , plundered Ar agh , but S pared the church of the C her as serts that there were

u C ult es Dei all l C ldees , or , in the chief churches of U ster , and that some of them continu ed at Armagh do w n to the 17th century . In

w t s our memory , says that eminent scholar , ere pries s called Culdee , who celebrated divin e service in the choir their president was styled RECORD OF THE

e m u s Prior , and he act d as Precentor ; he had the ost hono rable eat at

w as i . table , and every respect pa d him by the body The appointment

’ of h f w e f w w as t is o ficer , as find rom Archbishop S aine s registry , vested

w of in the hole body or college , and confirmed by the Archbishop

Armagh .

u t he The C ldees , according to Bede and other authorities , lived by

of own w labour their hands they ere permitted to marry , but not to

w ow n m in keep their ives in their houses . They possessed any things

w d vi common , but other matters ere i ded at their decease , amongst their w w ives and children . In each Culdee college there were generally t elve f o w was . brethren , one hom the Prior by election By an inquisition

1542 w i of taken in , it appears that there w ere then ith n the precincts

one b the priory great hall and a messuage uilt therein , and another great

l 1620 w as ha l and messuage . In the Priory forsaken , and the rents w ere then appropriated in erecting stalls in the cathedral . About this time the city seems to have increased in size and popu l ation , as it contained , besides the cathedral , several other churches and u w religious establishments . The remains of some of these b ildings ere l 18 1 visible as ate as 9 .

TH E C H R CH O P T R A ND PA . U R A BBEY o r s s . E E UL The An nals of Ulster and of the Four Masters record the erection of a

' damhlia R e les P ila us P edazr g , or stone church , called g o g , or the Abbey — of . a Church SS Paul and Peter at the year 1126 church , the original e w rection of hich is erroneously ascribed by Ware , Stuart and others ,

In to St . Patrick , and its consecration by the Archbishop Celsus . m odern times the site belongs to a Presbyterian place of w orship .

Some remains of the arches and walls may be seen in the rear of Mr.

’ n J . Davidson s property, and in a yard belonging to Mr . George Robi son , A Abbey street . (See D . The sombre ruins of

TH F RA NC SCA N A BB Y F I E ,

’ ’ in the Primate s demesne (completed in 1266 by Primate O Scanlan) n ow even attract the attention of the antiquary and tourist . The ruins w of this ancient building of considerable magnitude , are covered ith

10 RECORD OF THE

who w t al a a on is late John Corry, ro e a v u ble rticle th subject , states that

“ in the t i e it was erected early h rte nth century . The quant ity of charcoal and ashes found in the building afford a reasonable ground for s upposing that it was dest royed by fire ; and the latest coins found

m 1371 ma be ~ t here being inted about , it y safely inferred that its des

n ot t ruction a g a a a . u t a s a o took pl ce lon fter th t d te Abo t thir y ye r , g hi on w . m the land ch it stood fell into the hands of Mr Hu phreys , and

b was e . . su sequently held by the lat Mr H Magill , both of whom demo l h d e the n m is e ev ry vestige of buildi g, and used the ate rials for t he

a d . e rep ir of roa s A great number of very curious coins , leaden s als , and

bula: w on . w t fi ere found the premises The holy ater s oup , discovered

the w w of at the northern department , is in possession of the ido the late

ill w w finel - u Henry Mag , but a tro el , together ith several pieces of y sc lp

f m s t ared white sandstone have fortunately been procured rom Mr . Ja e Magill and presented to t he Museum of the Armagh Natural Hist ory

who l amrm and Philosophical Society. Those reco lect the ruins that it was an w oblong building ith occasional proj ections , occupying nearly an 230 in w acre of ground , and measuring about feet length , ith a

- t he court yard in t he interior . At the time specified outer walls in

a w e 15 9 f t he some pl ces er feet high and eet thick , and apartments fu t w ere large and w ell defined . A ller description of this interes ing

’ s f pot will be ound in the Appendix to Dr . Reeves Ancient Churches

m m en of n who of Ar agh , fro the p the late Joh Corry, is celebrat ed by that distinguished scholar as the best ant iquary whom Armagh ” has given birth to . THE A NCIE NT TOPOGRAPHY of this city has bee n faithfufly described by the above eminent autho

-a — h t he r on r s . w o ity I i h Antiquities Dr Reeves , has had rare opportunity of consulting the secret papers preserved in the muniment room of t he

f Th ul e m has Armagh Record o fice . e caref study of thes anuscripts ena t n no te i bled that gen lema t only to trace out the si s , but to ident fy t he remains of almost every ecclesiastical building mentioned by our e arly annalists . CITY OF ARMAGH .

Out of the ten recorded churches that existed here at the period t wo l w of t he of the English invasion , on y remain hile rest the very m of s ff site is in some mere atter conjecture , and in other with di iculty ’ n ow determined . St . Patrick s first Church in Armagh is represented n by the Ba k of I reland . The Provincial Bank comes close on St . ’ Columba. St . Bride s shares its honours w ith a paddock . St . Peter ff a l m s in and St . Paul a ord st b ing and garden produce to a modern ’ - be . u . w r St Mary s is lost in a d elling house , and the Culdee Society r can only be traced by head ent and bones to a region in the city , w e w e hence their successors are content to deriv income , here in thes days of luxury and airy streets they w ould be very un willing to make ” their abode .

Dr . Reeves then states that in early times Armagh consisted of t w o w was t he main departments the Rath , hich the nucleus , and Trian s w w r f or Wards , hich ere th ee in number , and ormed the outer >l< belt of habitation . The upper enclosure or entrenchment , w v of commencing on the est , obser ed very much the course Callan r — - w st eet the circle being continued across Abbey street , a little belo The the Infirmary , and through the gardens round to Market street . lower enclosure leaves still a trace w here it crosses Abbey street at t he w e Wesleyan Chapel . Within the upper ring all the edifices er eccle i st ical s a .

1. was u t There the Great Stone Ch rch , probably occupying par 11 5 0 0 w a . of the site of the present Cathedral . In 1 2 it s burned In 2

was ‘ t he it re roofed and covered with shingles by Celsus . It served as ’ l 1268 w O Scann ail who f principa church until , hen Primate , he ounded

r t he . the F anciscan Abbey , commenced Great Church of Armagh This building probably required a long period for completion but when was confia rat ion s finished , enduring, and after repeated g , changes of m r t e-edificat ion e e aste s , and , here it remains , the prid of the provinc r and the glory of its noble estorer .

2 . The R w i ound To er . Like other ancient churches of th s cha ract er of n o , the early Cathedral Armagh seems to have had steeple ,

40 f o . . but nigh at hand , probably about eet fr m the N W angle , stood - w i ca we f the Bell to er . Th s round tower had a conical p , as learn rom t he s who 11 1 w Four Master , at 2 state that a great ind storm hap pened in the December of this year which knocked off the cover of t he ’ lic h w H w e . C o t ec . ow long t he to wer survived the decapitation kno not 3 n B was . Withi the at h was t he Sabhalor Barn w hich burnt in the confia rations of 9 16 10 0 g and 2 . Its site cannot be exactly deter m n ined , but it probably stood n ear t he extremity of the north tra sept of the present Cathedral . ‘ ’ 4. The ne a h th w xt w s t e Sto ne Church of e Elections , hich also 12 RECORD OF THE s uff 9 16 10 ered in the fires of and 20. It stood on the south side of the present Cathedral . Rocque marks the spot by a small oblong trace i in the angle of the south transept and choir , and styles it the Par sh ’ Church . 5 f . Forming part o the monastic group w as t he Library or House ’ of Writing. This w as the only building w ithin the Bath which escaped

1020. a w the great fire of Though the Libr ry escaped , the books ere in of we t i consumed the houses the students . Where shall place h s PSE U CH E S IA TREION

’ 6 n Bat h w a fr . was al w s e Withi the so the Abbot s residence , hich u d w e quently b rnt by lightning. The only gui e have to the site of th e ’ Abbot s house is the distribution of t he belt of ground which surrounds the Cathedral . The first mention of it is in the Annals of Ulster at 82 11 6 - r A 2 1 w was w w . t , and in hen it burned ith t enty th ee houses ’ this time it is probable that the Primate s Armagh residence was trans ’ ll ferred to the Bishop s Court at M u in ure .

7. 17 w as ns The kitchen , about feet long, co umed by the fire of 9 15

8 . w as Then there the Prison . 9 s e . Somewhere near the conventual buildings wa a sacred grov or shrubbery . 10 n . The Cemetery probably occupied at first the space ext the

r f all . e g eat church on the south . In a ter time it extended round Her it is probable the remains of Brian Boru w ere deposited in 1014. ’

11. as i l of for The Culdees House w orig na ly considerable extent , 1462 we f in the Primate had his Armagh residence in it , as learn rom ’ ren e s P Registry . 12 f w s . The Hospice or Fort of Guests . It is doubt ul hether thi w as Bath of t he A n structure inside the , as there is no mention it in l nfi f . n a s . In all the co agrat ion s no mention is made o this spot 1 a t he s 3. The Rath had n entrance w hich is mentioned in Annal

112 1 1166 of w . w e f at , , outside hich stood a cross I think may sa ely of - w t he assign the situation this to the top of Market street, here is a of 17t h s e stern entrance the Cathedral premises . In the century thi f i of . n Rath or Fort resumed its primitive condition a ortress For , 1561 , according to the Four Masters , the Lord Deputy Sussex pitched of n Bat hs his camp numerous hosts at Armagh , and erected stro g and of in r impregnable ramparts around the Great Church Armagh , orde ’ that he might have w arders continually guarding that place . Happily l e w n ow t he of the crene at d alls are gone , and in absence material de fence the Rath derives its present strength from the general consent that it contains t he best ordered Church and the most efficient choir in the island and that if it be desired to witness the perfection. of CITY OF ARMAGH .

v w Bath m is n w e ar Choral Ser ice , ithin the of Ar agh the buildi g her , p ex ellence w h c ma be . w , the ish y gratified T en as to the building hich Rocque lays down on his Map on the north end of the Wind - mill to t he f f w o of . est the Cathedral , I have not ound the slightest vestige a notice m h I must leave the question undetermined . Rocque arks the site of t e ’ ’

w i l w . od Church h ch he cal s the place here St Bride s Church sto , and 100 f f w n ow fixes it eet rom the street here the Bank of Ireland stan ds . ll ‘ Rocque is right to an extent in ca ing it St . Bride s Church ; but he in w is altogether error hen he takes the temple Na Fearta, or Church ’ - i be . of Wonders , to on the Wind mill H ll

Although the general suppression of religious houses , even considered in was be a political light only, of a vast national benefit , yet it must al w t w n ot lo ed that at the ime they flourished , they ere entirely useless .

w w l of Monasteries ere even the repositories , as e l as Seminaries , learn in n y w g ; ma valuable books and national records , as ell as private evi l w i deuces have been preserved in their libraries , the on y places here n they could have been safely lodged in those turbulent times : many of

w h a w r w them ich had esc ped the ravages of the Danes , ere dest oyed ith more than Gothic barbarity at their dissolution . E very Abbey had at

w ffi was t o M k least one person hose o ce it to instruct youth and the on s , the Hi storians of this country are chiefly indebted for the knowledge

of n . t they possess former ational events The ar s of painting, music ,

w f l w w lls and architecture ere also success u ly cultivated ithin their a .

e i w w Th se rel gious houses ere like ise hospitals for the sick and poor , many of both being daily relieved by them : they also afforded lodging an d en te rtainment to travellers at a time when there were no inns .

MA NIA A ND TH E RE D BRA NCH NI GH TS . E , K

t w o m s w w of w . About ile est ards the city , rites Dr Stuart , near the l n a w Callan , at a place called the Navan Hil , stands E ma i , and ith it is associated the great and glorious achievements of the renowned

of t he Red Branch Knights Ulster . There are accounts given of great t legislative assemblies held there in those early ages , and of magnificen

m a a a 1647 e ntertain ents by the Kings . Colg n st tes th t in his time ( )

e n m a t he there w ere xte sive re ains of Emania. The Iri n Kings of

e l l e u post rity of Ir , ru ed over U ster for a period of nearly seven c nt ries . 14 RE CORD OF TH E

m 350 A C . t o A D 33 viz . 2 , fro about years . . , and had their chief resi

e t he c denc at pala e of E mania . These monarchs established an order

w who w i w of arriors ere h ghly celebrated , and kno n by the name of K i n ghts of the Red Branch .

’ O Flahert 104 who m y (pp . , akes E mania as a canon for asoer

of t he a Kimbai taining the succession Monarchs of Ireland , says th t

was was who t; thus the original founder of E mania , and that it he firs A M 359 6 h . . fixed his residence t ere .

Kimbait hus moderaminis t ha primo Maio u m , ” R e ibus E m niam C on didit U lt onim g a .

’ O Conno on the 10 h r e . 7 w sam authority (p ) rites , t at the sumptuous i w Palace of E man a , surrounded ith ditches and ramparts , is one of the chief instances we can produce of architect ural magnifice n ce among the i n . was A rdmacha n a cient Scots It built n ear , and makes a signal era

the i f was w A . D . h story of the nation . The Palace itsel burnt do n

’ 332 O Con n or isseear a . C arbr L ( p by the grandson of y , fter it had stood for 684 years affording through that long period s uch ex amples of splendour, greatness , and economy as do honour not only to

n i M e . Rudricia Rudr cius A . w the (Rex , . but the hol Milesian race A townland close beside t he Navan Hill is still denominate d Crieve

Row whi w as . , ch the site of the residence of the Red Branch Knights h w meet s Around t is hill , bet een the base and the summit , is a fosse and

t he w i an r w . or earthen rampart , hole compr sing a ea of about t elve acres There are also to be found some circular mounds or forts so that these

- w remains of earth works of such an extent as to include t elve acres , demons trate the greatness of t he ancient Palace and fortresses of

’ l Tree E mania . Dr . Stuart also states that in an adjoining p ace called , there is an earthen rampart or mound still traditionally called t he

stable of the Kings .

TH E H BOOK OF A RMA G .

m w hu d This anuscript , rites the antiquary L y , is beyond all doubt

of e een w e t he very great antiquity, wh ther it may have b ritt n in part by CITY OF ARMAGH .

t w as me m e hand of St . Pa rick himself, or hether it be , appears to or ” r the w a e . p obable , ork of some later g in t of F s Mac Dermott , his Anno ations to the Annals the our Master ,

m M S t he 7th m a . says , that the Book of Ar agh , of century, on vellu ,

in i n i . his n Ir sh and Latin , contai s a L fe of St Patrick, and Confessio ,

w i i o or a sketch of his life ritten by himself also a L fe of St . Mart n f

he i men t m . Tours a copy of Gospels , and other atters Th s book is

~ tioned . n f a i by Dr Ber ard in his Li e of St . M lachy, Archb shop of Ar ma was in ri e gh it , as a precious relic , preserved for ages a silver sh n , which was lost ; and in modern times it was contained in a case of

w n was leather of elegant orkma ship . This remarkable book kept for m e m M o re who w e any centuri s in the fa ily of Mac y , near Armagh , er

n w 1680 was specially appoi ted for its ste ardship , but about the year it t n M o re who in " ake to London by Florence Mac y , being great poverty ” 5 in ni £ . w n ow L sold it for to a Mr Bro nlow . It is the ibrary of Tri ty

l . A n m Col ege , Dublin account of the Book of Ar agh is given by

’ O Conn r u r e Ware , Ussher, and Dr . o , and copio s ext acts from it hav

een e li w the t b translat d and pub shed in that learned ork , Irish An i

e e W m. a . qu ri n Researches , by Sir B eth m

‘ In the annals of history w e read of no other town having suflered f f m such a succession o mis ortunes as the city of Ar agh .

In 9 3 was o al 7 it t t ly consumed by fire . 0 83 it was in the possession of the Danes and Norwegians . Early in the 9 th century the Dan es estab lished themselves in various

in 836 Tur esius a parts of Ulster , and , g at the he d of a Danish force , pillaged an d burnt t he city of Armagh with the Cathedraland other

i c e t he sacred ed fi es , xpelled the Bishop with allthe students of college , and burned every manuscript w hich t he most minute search could

s o O n di c ver . six other occasions w as the to wn laid waste by these

ame a b r ans in t he s e e and t he h e w s b r a i am c ntury, during t re follo ing ce r s m was hi t n im ntu ie Ar agh plundered t r ee t es .

889 . A rdmacha w its was bu ne , ith oratories and great church r d b the ane Lo h a y D s of ug Ne gh . 16 RECORD OF TH E

l w m t w e During the reign of Nial Cai le , rites Stuart , any bat les er t h Niel fought betw een the Irish and e Danes w ith various success . finding himself s ufficiently powerful to invade the territories conquered in by the Danes Ulster , advanced against Armagh , the head quarters of . of his savage enemies The Danes , confident success , met him , and

s . of the adverse host closed , spear to spear , man to man The troops Niel f w velour w h thirsting for vengeance , ought ith a desperate hic b w w made them irresisti le . The Danes ere completely overthro n , and in the universal rout w ere slaughtered by the victorious Irish w ithout ho w m . w ercy Those survived the battle fled to ards the river Callan , w as probably to gain a temporary refuge in t he Navan Fort . The river f f l s w olle n from a. torrent o rain w hich had a len and interrupte d the march of the victorious army in their progress to Armagh . f of w f U m ola At the oot Tullamore hill , hich the river divides rom g ,

f w ~ ial . on o N halted his troops At his command , e his arriors endea voured f w as f to pass the ord on horseback , but instantly hurried rom f w ho w o w . his steed by the impetuosity the aters Nial , ith strong s aw him for f m r emotions , struggling li e , co manded his gua ds to make f In n was every e ffort or his preservation . vai the command obeyed te rror fixed them to the spot immovable . The magnanimous King dashed forward w ith a generous resolution to save his friend or perish o f in the attempt . As he approached the bank the river , the ground , ’ b f mon arch undermined y the torrent , sank beneath his horse s eet , the was w precipitated into the flood , here death at once closed his career f lf as in du o victory and his i e . His body w de posited a grave g in o n of w m Tullamore , the bank the river here he had so pre aturely of w f m perished . A simple mound earth hich tradition has ro genera ’ ” n t he tio to generation denominated Nial s Mound , lately marked ’ n of f spot w here the sovereig Ireland lies in the silence o death .

From t his circumstance the stream bears the name of the Irish w r who in ar ior perished its w aters .

9 89 w was n — te e In the to n plu dered the houses , church and s epl

is burnt , and Armagh at th time became the most melancholy spectacle in k n the i gdom . 1004 u , King Brian Bor with his army remained a whole w eek in h 28 Armagh , and on his departure left a collar of gold w eig ing

on r . ounces , as alms , the great altar of the Chu ch

t he f w a 23rd At battle of Clontar , hich took pl ce on Good Friday , of

i 1014 s w K and w direc Apr l , , thi reno ned Irish ing fell , by his ill gave

13 RECORD O F TH E

was fire 1167 w as 1165. Armagh in part consumed by , and in it waste d by an immense conflagrat ion w hich raged on the one side from

- w t he cross of St . Columba in Abbey street to that of St . Eugene or O en , i an d from thence to the cross at Port Rath . The intermed ate build

i . w ngs and Churches , except that dedicated to SS Peter and Paul , ere totally consumed by fire .

d t w h Columkille 1166. o t e Armagh burne in streets , from cross of t o E o han E o han the cross of Bishop g , and from the cross of Bishop g , in the second street , to the cross at the door of the Rath , and all the Bath w C ith its temples , except the Abbey hurch of Peter and Paul ,

few an d w f and a of the houses , a street to the est of the Rath , rom the cross of Sechn allto the cross of Brigid .

117 was e s 2 . A Synod h ld at Armagh by Gelasiu and the Irish

of wa Clergy . The subject their deliberation s to inquire into the cause o f of the arrival so many strangers into their country to invade it , and they concluded that it w as their practice of purchasing Englishmen and making them slaves , subjected them to divine vengeance .

11 -A dhelm i f f l 78 . . o Wm Fitz , Ch e Governor Ire and , removed a “ r " al f relic f om Armagh c led the Sta f of Jesus , and deposited it in

’

. was w Christ s Church , Dublin This the Crozier of St . Patrick , hich

w w an d w as ornamented ith j e els precious stones , and preserved w ith

. 1538 all veneration at Armagh In , the gems and golden ornaments was w being removed , it publicly burnt , together ith many other relics , in - w High street, Dublin , by order of Archbishop Bro n .

A N C IENT C R OSSE S . It appears that there w ere in the middle of t he twelfth century four

f was Pren e f m s ton e Crosses in Armagh , a fi th brought by Bishop ro

R in 1439 w was . aphoe , hen he appointed to the Primacy This is sup

w in - w n ow posed to be the Cross hich stood Market street, and hich lies

w as an prostrate in the Cathedral yard . Dr . Reeves rather thinks it

r t w l altar c oss . Besides these there w ere o crosses in the Cathedra

- burying ground , on e at the north and the other at the south side of the

’

. a on . s church A fr gment of e of those crosses , called St Patrick r A CITY o RMAGH .

” w m n n Chair , is buried beneath the spot here it for erly stood ear the gra d e ntrance at the w est end of the Cathedral .

These crosses probably w ere boundaries and limits of certain j uris o

d w w . ictions , but here they stood , rites Dr Reeves , it is impossible to say .

’ 1264 i O S ean n ail . Pr mate introduced the Friars Minor into Armagh

’ i t he w and bu lt for them a Church (in Primate s demesne), around hich ,

t f . some ime a ter , he caused a deep and broad trench to be sunk

1 68 of w as e 2 . The Great Church Armagh commenced by Primat

’ O S ean n ail beaut ified . Ware says that he repaired and much the Cathe ” dral of St . Patrick at Armagh . According to this the Great Church or

Tem allMar m 1125 w w t he p , is the sa e as the D uleek , mentioned , hich ith

was 1189 an dhad other churches at Armagh destroyed in , perhaps conti

’ ucs l O Scan n ail e d in a ruinous state unti Primate set about r building it .

34 - rma han 1 7. A c us The celebrated Fitz Ralph , commonly called ,

he became Primate of Armagh . Besides being t author of many learn ed w he w Defensorium curat orum orks , rote the contra eos qui privi le iat os s edicun t t he oldest if m t he g , not the ost valuable book in 6th 14 1 m . was 2 . 6 Ar agh Library It printed at Paris , Oct , .

1465 n . To assimilate the customs , dress and manners of the E glish

b e and Irish people , Parliament enacted that every Irishman should

m of l dressed after the anner the English , and shou d shave their beard

an n above the mouth and take English ame , derived either from an art

w e ‘ or science , trade or colour . Hence have Smiths , Taylors , Carpen w ters , Butlers , Cooks , White , Black , Green , Scarlet , Grey , Bro n ,

& . &c. c Field , Street, Lane , Wall , Stone , ,

14 Pal i was 80. at o Octavian de , a Florentine , made Archbishop of

m b of Ar agh , and seeing there the arbarous manners the common people ,

t heir diet and nakedness , he is said to have exclaimed Armagh is notorious i For being va nglorious . The men void of manners their spouses C o naked : they eat Raw m flesh for their eat ,

And poverty dwells in their houses . so RE CORD Os THE

M or son . . 164 y , part iii , p , after quoting these vulgar lines , proceeds

w of . to rite Armagh , and gives a general description of the Irish cus

w w an toms in the reign of Queen Elizabeth , from hich the follo ing is extract These w ild Irish never set any candles upon tables since indeed n of u se they have one , but set their meate upon a bundle grasse , and for w the same grasse napkins to ipe their hands . To give light to the t he house they place a great candle , made of reedes and butter , upon s in hi f in fiers in floor . And like sort the c e e men their houses make of roomes s w f the middest the , the smoak hereo goeth out at a hole in ‘ f e the t Op thereof. They sleep under the canopy o heaven or in a poor of in of of house clay , or a cabin made the boughes trees and covered w t urife for w of . ith , such are the d ellings the very Lords among them m fier in of rooms And in such places they ake a the middest the , and round about it they sleep upon the ground w ithout straw or other h fier w s t ing under them , lying all in a circle about the , ith their fe te

w . to ards it And their bodies being naked , they cover their heads and w m w w et shoulders ith their antells , hich they first make very , steeping in w of for fin de w e them ater purpose , they that hen their bodies hav o w wet of odi nce armed the mantells , the smoke them keeps their b es ” in temperate heats all the night following.

ho w his A 19 t he w u . D . Strabo , rote Geography abo t , speaks thus of manners of the Irish at that early period

ai a I have nothing cert n to say about Ireland , unless that the inh bitants are ruder that those of B ritain they feed on human flesh and m f i r devour very uch ood , and th nk it ight to eat the bodies of their ” e m di i d a t e o c t . ead p rents , p j

1557 was w w e a In an Inquisition held at Armagh , hereby find th t

’ O Don nell the James y , last Prior, surrendered the Abbey, being then in possession of the site thereof ; at w hich time there w as a large

w an church , some stone chambers , a dormitory ith cellars beneath it,

cemetr a . i hall , a stone house , a great court , a y , garden and orch rd Th s Abbey and all the possessions thereunto belonging w ere granted in 1 1 6 2 to Sir Toby C aulfeild at t he rent of £5 Irish per ann um .

TH E C ONDITION OF A R MA GH IN 1566

is thus described by Camden In our memory the Church and City

’ of Armagh were so foully defaced by the rebel Shane O Nealthat they M CITY OF AR AGH .

n m t lost all their ancient beauty and glory, and nothi g re aine h at this time but a few small w attled cottages .

’ 1614 r w . The Cathed al hich had been destroyed by Shane O Neal was restored by Primate Hampton ; the w alls with their windows re

- f n d n r e re a . co st uct d , the aisles roo ed the steeple rebuilt He also re

t o w i h cast the great bell and repaired the old Episcopal House , h ch e

r 1689 n ew . . w a added sund y buildings In , King James II , on his y

r to Cha lemont , stayed some days at Armagh , and resided in a house

- s (an inn) in Abbey street , lately occupied by a black mith named Magill

in w 1690 and the year follo ing, , D uke Schomberg took possession of

rt e In 179 2 we Armagh and occupied the same qua rs . find that the

w as a n w u place lmost in rui s . Part of the materials ere sed in build i n of f g a Presbyterian Church , erected on the site the old Abbey , rom w hich the street derives its name . Since then the grounds contiguous

’ w w t he w was w ere kno n as Gravel Walks , here John Wesley on t to

. The w r preach premises e e subsequently tenanted by Richardson ,

i e n ow t h . e Magill , and Dobbin On th s interesting sit stands Protes tant Hall and Reading Room .

25th 169 0 of January , . Story in his History the Wars of Ireland ,

12 wr : of n ecessarirs p . , ites S tores bread , cheese , shoes and other w l a r i ere appointed at severa pl ces , especially at Armagh , the met opol s

the w of hole island . Tradition has it that the line of march used by King James and Duke Schomberg on their way to Charlemont was over a bridle road or desert a l ne running betw een the Fever Hospitaland the Blind Asylum . 17 1 2 . Primate Lindsey presented to the Vicars Choral a second

for of fin e - for t he organ divine service , and a peal six toned bells

Cathedral . On the day of their arrival it is said that an execution took

- al w . i r place on G lo s hill The appo nted hour a rived , and the crow d was

a e of w n in e ger expectation for the appearanc the unfortunate victim , he intelligence came that the bells w ere on the Dublin road w ithin a short

the . ed distance of city In a moment the vast m ultitude dispers ,

ea n ff osse a nis l l vi g the sheri , p comit tus and fi her of the aw alon e to dis 22 RECORD OF THE

w u m charge their painful duty . The horses ere nyoked fro the waggons

’ and Primate Lindsey s merry bells w ere to w ed in triumph to their final resting place .

’ 1726 - . Primate Boulter built four houses on Vicars hill for t he re

’ ce t ion of cler men s w w w his w ~ p gy ido s , from a fund hich by ill he appro

at ed m ri . n w p to that purpose These he e do ed with £50 per annu . ” was n f m en This locality originally de ominated Pound Hill , ro an

w - - closure hich stood at the south w est corner leading to Kalin street . 29 th 1759 O n September , , the Sovereign of the City, accompanied

ur f t wo n ew w by several of the B gesses , ormally opened streets hich

- - w they denominated Thomas street and Ogle street , hich has proved of more essentialservice to the city than any other improvement w hich 1 h had been effected in the 8t ce ntury . These streets w ere so called from the first and second n ame of

who was in 1751 N ot with Thomas Ogle , Sovereign of the City .

’ a of 1760 w standing this form l inauguration , Rocque s Map , as ell as

’ 1767 e Livingstone s Survey of the City in , ignore the existence of Ogl

t wo . . street , and both assign the same name to the distinct streets Dr Re eves in the Map w hich accompan ies his Ancient Churches of f Armagh , has unhappily allen into the same error .

munificence all m w s To the of nearly the Archbishops , Ar agh o e

f w as R who much , but her great bene actor and restorer ichard Robinson

e 1765 i n s ucc eded to the Primacy in . Immed ately after his promotio

t he V fin he repaired the Cathedral , and presented to icars Choral a e

in l m toned organ incased black oak exquisite y carved , bearing the ar s f t he . w ew of donor The houses in Armagh about this time , ith very

i n ce t o s w w w . w e p , ere cottages covered ith stra The citizens er obliged t o go to the neighbouring village of Richhill to purchase groceries and d w n ecent clothing, and it is said that letters ere tra smitted through a f A th t village for the people o rmagh . f ’ l Nineteen years be ore Primate Robinson s arriva , the city of

’ e b e Armagh is thus described in Salmon s Gazetteer, onc a considera l

n ow city , reduced to a small village . CITY OF ARMAGH .

TH E PA LA C E . “ Tis difficult to discover by w hom the original Episcopal House at m Armagh was built . When Christopher Ha pton succeeded to the

in 1613 w was Primacy , he built a handsome Palace at Drogheda , hich

of then the principal residence the Archbishops of this Diocese . He ” i also repaired an old Episcopal House at Armagh . This ed fice was

w w t the t he in such retched order hen Prima e Robinson came to See , that M w r. premises ere given up in the first instance to Macau , and sub

n ow sequently divided into separate houses ( occupied by Messrs . Riggs

t . and Hazel on) His grace having determined to build a Palace , resided

for e 1770 b e som time at Richhill , and in , in the demesne lands , erected 0 a splendid mansion measuring 9 0 feet by 6 . His first intention was

Tull ard on . l to have built it y hill , but Dr Averell , proprietor of the soi ,

n ot f his l would trans er title to the ands , and thus the Primate was l ob iged t o change his original design .

e a m w n w Som of the ap rt ents are adorned ith valuable pai tings , hich — w a . ere beque thed by the founder to his successor viz , Charles L , King

il r A n n m W liam and Queen Ma y , Q ueen , Prince George of Den ark ,

I al King George . , George II Frederic Prince of W es , George III . ,

of i Q ueen Charlotte , the Elector Hanover , the Princess Soph a , Electress and w of e Z o w Duchess Do ager Hanover, the Duk of ell , t gether ith

of e f in i w the several the Primat s , fi teen number , reach ng do n to time of Archbishop Stuart from that of Henry Usher who was raised to the

m in 159 5 w r e end of the of Pri acy the year , to a ds the latt r reign Queen

E lizabeth . These complete the series of Prot estant Archbishops of m u Ar agh d ring that period .

On his r 1822 accession to the P imacy in , the present Primate ex pended an immense sum in building office houses and adding another

r t o ace l f w a n ob e ra a n . sto y the Pal , hich gives it and g ce ul appe ra ce I n t he year 178 1 Primate Robinson built a beautiful Domestic Chapel n e t he w of The f ar est end the Palace . ront has a handsome portico of t he Ionic order , and the whole edifice is in the most chaste and

s r h clas ic style of a c itecture . 24 RE CORD OF TH E

TH R E LIBRA Y .

m - is s t . . founded by Pri ate Robinson , situated in Abbey near the Cathedral

was 1771 PenucH Es IA TBEION It completed in , and bears the inscription

- (Medicine S hep of the Soul) over the entrance at the east end .

e f w who set Som authors re er the origin of Libraries to the Hebre s ,

O m duas . s an the example to other nations , King of E gypt , is said to have had a library built in his palace with the foregoing inscription . 0 O. 6 A . 2 The Alexandrian Library, built by Ptolemy Philadelphus ,

. containing volumes, all in rolls , also had the same motto I n -1847t he Governors expended upw ards of in enlarging t he ff m Armagh Library , and its present appearance di ers aterially from

w is of f that hich given in a medal , struck by order the ounder to com m u ele an t an d emorate its erection . The building contains a s ite of g commodious apartments for the use of the Librarian and his family . The public room which contains the books n ew measures 67 feet in

25 0 are 2 . length , feet broad , and in height There about vols and the number is constantly increasing under the guardianship of the

ex present Board . In the Divinity department the collection is

ee r are w c dingly are and valuable . There also many select orks on

’ Classics , Science , and History. In the Poet s corner too , may be

s n 4th of of Shakes iere i in 1685. ee the or last the folio editions p , publ shed

’ i 1755. 2 . The second edition of Dr . Johnston s Dictionary , vols fol o , In this book t he curious may indulge for some time by reading ” “ ” “ rubb street n etw k ats the extraordinary definitions given to g , or , o , “ sters ensi n & The f t he c. o oy , p o , hours attendance at Library are

12 i 3 w from t ll every day in the eek except Wednesdays and Fridays , when it is open from 1 till 3 during w hich time the public are admitted ” f Rev. ree as air to every privilege which the institution affords . AM S GAN WA R G R S . J E HO , Librarian . ED D RO E , Deputy About t he year 1772 t he Churches of Lisnadill and Grange w ere built by Primate Robinson on lofty hills commanding beautiful view s of r the country , city and Cathedral , thus eminding us of the song of i the Psalmist, Her foundations are upon the holy h lls .

26 RECORD OF THE

RT I DA . . . B . . H S tants RO E R D LL , Esq , District Registrar . Mr G D HUG E ,

Clerk .

TH E BS R A R O E V TO Y .

The last public building erected by Primate Robinson was the Obser

r in 1 f l vat o y 793. It is beauti ul y situated on a hill in the immediate

n 100 . vici ity of Armagh , about feet above the general level of the dis

. The bill was f Kn ockbu i . e . triot Observatory ormerly called y , the

w l of of - w w yello hi l , on account the profusion butter cups ith hich it is f i covered in spring. To commemorate the erection o th s edifice a medal

was S of struck , having on one ide the head the Primate inscribed , ” of Richard Robinson , Baron Rokeby , Lord Primate all Ireland , and

f of w on the reverse , the south ront the Observatory , ith the appropriate "

d of X . motto , The Heavens eclare the glory God , MDCCLX XIX Stra ngers and visitors are admitted at seasonable hours through the

of w courtesy the Astronomer and his assistants . Several orks on the

ce w n scien of Astronomy have been ritten by Dr . Robi son , the last of w 5 345 1828 1854 hich is entitled Places of stars , observed from to

at the Armagh Observatory . This book is inscribed to the Lord m 1859 Pri ate , and published in at the expense of Government , on the

w recommendation of the Royal Society . I n the introduction to the ork , m ’ Doctor Robinson states that at the time of Pri ate Robinson s death , no w ork of any real value to astronomy could be done for the want of proper instruments an d the t w o immediate successors took no in

erest in . t he t science It remained for present Archbishop of Armagh ,

n s f if Lord Joh George Beresford , to remedy thi de ect by his g t of a

C 15 r transit instrument, a mural ircle and a reflector of inches ape ture , w e quatorially mounted . The endo ment of the Observatory is not sufiicien t to defray t he expense of publishing the Observations ; but I

w as t for 1828 enabled by the liberality of the Primate to prin those , 1829 1830 w w an d , and , hich ere distributed among the Astronomers

R B NS N D . D . . I ev. . . Observatories of Europe T R RO O , , Astronomer ,

E A M‘N M N . S N . R . ROMBA UT N L ED O D O , Esq , ev. W . H , Assistants , CITY OF ARMAGH .

TH E DEA NE RY . f h North east o t e Observatory and in its immediate neighbourhood ,

the fl res stands Deanery House and grounds , a charming spot , chie y markable for having been the residence of the learned and celebrated

. . . . SN Dr H Hamilton The present occupier is the Very Rev B . DI EY,

Dean of Armagh . NT N RMA C OU Y I FI RY .

w n - w This handsome edifice , hich is situated to the orth est of t he

was 1774 Cathedral , completed in . Besides the Resident Physician ,

there is an Apothecary attached to the institution , a Matron , Cook ,

N - who Rev urse tender , and a Porter, acts as gardener . The late . Dr .

w of w f h Lill , supposing that the aters Lough Neagh ere e ficacious in t e f f treatment of scro ulous diseases , determined to ound on its banks an

for f w w as f asylum persons so a flicted . The bequest ho ever ound to b e t inadequate for the purpose . Under hese circumstances the case was

of who w t he submitted to the judgment the Lord Chancellor , empo ered

e a t he t he e trust es to att ch charity to Armagh Infirmary, and a larg

’ w was l ing built at the north end of the house ca led Lill s Ward , w here patients receive every attention and medical aid which human

l f n of ski l and science can a ford , under the ma agement the Resident

M E A M R MSTR NG E s n . B NS N Es . . S Physicia , A RO I O , q , J E A O , q , Apo

t he car R A R y . Mrs . C UFO D , Matron .

TH E R H SPITA FEVE O L ,

1827 . s established in , is supported by his G race the Lord Primate Thi

hospital is chiefly intended for the accommodation of tradesmen , ser

f are vants and their amilies . Patients admitted by ticket signed by

t he f of Medical O ficer and one the Governors , from any part of the i m . of 80 city and its vicinity Number beds , , but contain ng accom oda

40 A M S S . . D . tion for patients . Physician , J E L E LIE , Esq M

Y TH E DISPE NSA R ,

t in - t Dis si uated Scotch street , consis s of three Electoral Divisions or

t — Ballmar rim 74 ricts i . m t v z , Ar agh , Ballyards , and y , comprising

t ow nlands and t he Corporation or City of Ar magh . This institution is 28 RECORD OF TH E now under t he authority of t he Poor Law Guardians and a committee

Two V " of management . accination Stations are held in the country dis

l m te i w instia t ricts . There is a so a a rn ty department connected ith the

i e t ution , and above 80of the p oor classes ava l themselves of this privileg

a ' i during the ye r . The Dispensary Committee are the San tary Board u e al for the District , and exercise authority under the N isances R mov

of who and Diseases Prevention Acts . The average number Patients receive relief annually amount to of this number about 800are

n d S own . a J I attended at their houses Physician Surgeon , . LE L E ,

Es . . q , M D

TH E AR MA GH STRICT NA TIC A SY M DI LU LU ,

1825 was t he " opened in the year , first institution of the kind built in

n 104 n ow Ireland . Origi ally intended to accommodate patients , it is

144 of m capable of receiving . The Counties Ar agh , Monaghan , Cavan ,

m w m s and Fer anagh ere formerly co pri ed in this District , containing a population of Fermanagh is n ow detached and conjoined t o

. 8A OR R f S . o the institution in Tyrone There w ere . . 2 land purchased 3 11 t he s w £81 S . d. n for A ylum grounds hich cost per acre , in additio 4 i . 8 d. to wh ch 5 acres are rented The building cost s . é

F 1825 1860 al s rom July, , to S eptember , , males and fem e

e ma n w a w re admitted . It y be interesting to k o that four m le patients , t wo w w in 1828 1830 one 1831 of hich ere admitted , one in , and in

f l t wo of w w 1825 and t w o in 1828 four ema es , hich ere admitted in , still live to participate in t he comforts and blessings afforded by the in

i i n A " st tut o . . C S N w as n in 1825 w i Mr J K O appointed Ma ager , h ch situa

i u 1859 his i tion he honourably filled t ll Febr ary , , and on resignat on ,

M ‘K IN T s . S R Y wa a H is Dr appointed Resident Physician and Man ger .

w e Grace the Lord Primate al ays took a great int rest in the Asylum , and has evinced at alltimes a great anxiety for the comfort an d w elfare of

s . H MA S CUM ING E M . s . . rs the patient T O , q , M D , Visiting Physician . MYTH S , Matron .

’ MA CA N S A S Y M F B ND LU OP. TH E LI . In the e 1848 m 3 su . 1 m er e . y ar a of 23 0d. Govern ent 3; p c nt CITY OF ARMAGH .

S the w the l J Es was va ab tock , under ill of ate acob Macan , q , a il le for the purpose of building and endo wing an Asylum for the Blind of every den min ati n a li o o . Much difficulty having arisen respecting a site , pp cation w as made to his Grace the Lord Primate for the Fever Hospital h e . t e and grounds belonging ther to His Grace accepted proposal , and

n w Instit u after the ecessary alterations ere made in the building, the

was s 1st 1854. tion opened for the reception of inmate on April , The i mak ng of mats and baskets is taught and practised at the Asylum ,

he m n M TH t e e Mr. . and inmates hav ad co siderabl e proficiency . T S I ,

S . . IN e . ecr tary Miss M WILK , Matron TH E MA RKET H OUSE was erected by Primate Stewart at an expense of It is built w w t he ith cut limestone , and situated east ard of the Cathedral , at foot

The followin ins cri t ion t he of Market street . g p on the front describes d a G LIELMU S A RCH IEP ate and object of the building U . TI ” . U LITATI CIVIU M T The ARMAGH DEDI . MDCCCXI .

- was a e old Market house pl nned by Primate Boulter , but he did not liv

see r . w r e to it pe fected His executors , ho ever, ca ried out his int ntions, b £850 and expended a out on the building. TH E GA OL stands on the south Side of the public walks at the foot of Barrack

. was 1780 i e street It built in , s nce which tim several alterations and e e e ff t he nlargements hav b en e ected . Under present arrangement n othing can exceed the kindness an d attention of the Governor to those who a e h v the misfortune to be placed under him . TH E OLD BR IDEWELL

’ m ma h or House of Correction , entioned in Rocque s p, stood at t e foot

t - t h of Sco ch street, on e site of which the late John Summerville built

n ow s a house , occupied by John Kearney . It wa a building of no great S t he a e pretensions , being one story high , lated , and under ch rg of a w - n wn m ell k o city official , Je my Simpson .

TH E MI ITAR ARRA L Y B CES , s e an eminence t o he h 1 8. In ituat d on t east of t e city, were built in 77 30 RECORD OF TH E

" 1736Primate Boult erleasedto Government aport ion of the Commons

of r w for the purpose building a Bar acks , the remains of hich were on w m t 1 65 the ground hen Pri a e Robinson came to Armagh in 7 .

1814 w row of was e Barrack hill In a ne houses erect d on , and an entire n ew in was r street the district of Na Fearta opened , commencing nea

f of a i n the oot Scotch street , and at its termin tion approx mates the poi t

w - - in hich Thomas street and Ogle street meet . M PUBLI C TON TINE A SSEMB LY R OO . By Deed of assignment from t he originalsubscribers and proprietors t o a 6t h 1823 t he trustees , bearing d te September , , it appears that about

179 0 of m year , the propriety having a Public Assembly and Ball Roo s uggested itself to the nobility and gentry of this city and its vicinity .

was S e For this object the sum of subscribed , and a proper it

f f as chosen or its erection . A lease o the premises w granted by Thomas

of who Rev. Whaley , Dublin , held under the Archbishop of Armagh , to

f . B . Allot t D D . e o . H Hamilton , D an Armagh , Rev , John Burgess,

Thomas Macan , Thomas Taylor , and John Macan , at the yearly rent of £ 5 13s 9 d f al n . . A ter some time the building appears to have f le di into a state of lapidation , and at a general meeting of the subscribers

s in 1 21 was s and proprietor held 8 , it arranged that the said subscriber should assign their interests in the establishment for the accommoda — A 1. t of i of l w . ion the publ c Armagh to the fol o ing trustees Kelly , m of . Sovereign Armagh R . R . Lodge , Leonard Dobbin , sen , Willia M ‘Willi m a s . . , H . L Prentice , and John Waugh

1828 500 u n ew ai e In the Trustees expended £ in putting p a st rcas , and in other necessary improvements .

1841 t he e con About the year , Armagh Musical Society h ld their

in was. al certs the Tontine , but the Concert Room found to be so sm l and inadequate for the purpose , that the project of having a proper

al Music H l built w as seriously ente rtained . His Grace the Lord

e w w of Primat , ho ever , ith the idea improving the old building and

for w e making it suitable general purposes , proposed to rene the Leas vithout the e a the n s m e~ ren wal fin es , on condition th t eces ary i prov H CITY O F A RMAG .

m e e ments w ould be duly executed . The Toll Co mitte at onc accepted

f c £700. the kind of er of his Gra e , and expended at that time

w w Within the last t enty years , about ere laid out on this building by the Toll Committee .

- There is also a Supper room and a convenient suite of apartments , w w w w l t in one of hich is a Public Ne s Room , hich is el suppor ed by a

n large umber of the respectable inhabitants . f The imposing appearance of the establishment , and the satis actory

w credid t he manner in hich everything is conducted , reflects great on — H . R v e . . present trustees L . Prentice , James Jones , Wm Paton ,

Wm . Barker , Thos . A . Prentice , and J . G . Winder . TH E C OU NTY C OU RT H OUS E

- f w as 1809 w o . erected in , and lies to the north est the Mall Being built

. was f . on the old method , it ound to be very inconvenient Frequent com

ai pl nts having been made , Mr . Davison , County Surveyor , submitted to the G rand Jury a pla n for t he alteratio n and improvement of t he

w was was as house , hich approved of, and a presentment for p sed

u 1860 t he at S mmer Assizes , , to carry out the proposed plan ; and w was in 1860 w ork commenced July , . The follo ing are the contemplated al w for terations A rear ing on the east side the public offices , com mit t ee w w l &c in rooms , cro n itnesses , po ice , . The fittings the present

’ be all l w w courts are to pul ed do n , and the barristers pe s placed — in front of the dock so as to face the Judge accommodation is pro vided for in wa who l the j uries iting, and the public , are to enter a ga lery by a separate entrance from the outside without passing through the a —c for h ll ells under the court for the prisoners , a room the G rand w Jury itnesses , a room for the attorneys , and considerable sanatory

'

s n urners . improvements . Both courts are to be lighted at night by u b H MAS Mr . T O Ross , Contractor and Builder . TH E OLD S E SSIO N H OUSE was te w immedia ly over the Gaol , hich consisted of a dismal suite of

- subterraneous apartments at the foot of Market street . The building

n b t he has bee su divided into four houses , at present in occupation of 351 RECORD OF THE

Vin m n an d . the M essrs . t , Si pso , B ryson , Burns The entrance to

was i on w was Session House by a fl ght of steps , the top of hich placed V ’ l w . a the Pillory . Do n the passage leading to Mr int s h l door may

the eve- t he w w be seen serrated course , over indo s of the old Grand

Jury Room .

e can R specting the origin of this establishment , it be traced from a clause inserted in a Privy Signet for vesting lands in the Primate

hearin 1st 1619 w : by James I g date August , , as follo s Excepting an d i reserving unto us , our he rs and successors , out of the Vicars

n d s of t he r w t he Choral a Chorister lands Cathed al of Armagh , hich said Archbishop shall think most convenient for our service a por tion of ground 80 feet in length by 40 in breadth for a S ession

House and Gaol in said tow n of Armagh . Primate Hampton chose

- r S w e an Market st eet for the ite of this building, for have account of

e i 1704 w was dest ro edb . The its x stence there in , hen it nearly y y fire rent s arising from these tenements are n ow appropriated to t he sup

o of the n p rt Mall Male a d Female Schools .

b n the 18th e e At the eginni g of Century, behind the S ssion Hous and Gao f of - was l , at the oot Market street , there a small lake , called e i i w a m . Lak Lappan h ch cont ned , it is said any eels In the rear

t he w i - was of ground on h ch Ogle street has been built , there a tract

a a of marshy ground and a sm ll lake . The B rrack street commons als o contained various stagnant pools w hich emitted unwholesome va pours . THE NATURA L HI STORY AN D PH ILOSOPH ICA L SO CIETY was e in 1839 ll stablished , and has during the last ten years especia y

m t a In 1856 a been making ost sa isf ctory progress . the year the E rl of Charlemont presented to the Society the building then know n as t he

h m a l S C arle ont Place Nation l Schoo house , which has ince , through the liberality of his Grace the Lord Primate and that of the nobility and e t he f g ntry of neighbourhood as w ell as the inhabitants o the city ,

e ’ e b en considerably improved . Within the Society s house are a r ading t ’ om, i e and m e c and a o l brary, lectur com ittee rooms , curator s resid n e ,

34 RECORD OF THE

tin ham an w as n . g , eminent architect, instructed to examine the buildi g e That gentleman having minutely examined it , gav a most favourable

f its i w o report o condition , stat ng that about ould put it int serviceable order . This sum his Grace at once consented to pay . The foundation stone of one of the piers w as laid in great so lemnity

1834 w ho on 2 lst May , , in presence of about persons , came to

t n ess . w1 the interesting ceremony During divine service , the Cathe

e dral Choir , assisted by an instrumental band placed on an orch stra ,

f Det tin en Te B eam a temporarily fitted up , per ormed the g , and sever l anthems from the Messiah .

of In a short memoir the Cathedral published at the time by Mr . “ we in t he John Davidson , read that the prosecution of w A rchaelo ist w ork , various discoveries interesting to the g ere made , and the nobility and gentry manifested great interest in the completion

of of the building by subscribing largely . The reconstruction such an f o . ancient edifice soon became a matter great importance , and Mr Cot t ingham was empow ered to beautify and make such alterations as w ere

f h The necessary for the permanence o t e building. total sum ex pended was of which only was raised by subscrip

i ri tion , the rema nder being paid by his Grace the Lord P mate . 184 f f w Armagh Cathedral measures in the clear eet rom east to est , 119 59 f feet from north to south , and eet across the nave and aisles . f w f The church is cruci orm , the est end orming the principal entrance .

w w w w It is adorned ith many ornamental and Obituary indo s , hich w thro out a steady and dim religious light . The lancet window in

w w in the est end , as ell as those the north and south transepts contain

of D of f the armorial bearings some ignitaries the Cathedral , and many o

u of t h the principal contrib tors to the repair e building. In the aisles

t w o w d w — On e are obituary in o s to the memory of the late Dr . Kidd , f 1 of . erected by his riends in 852 . The other records the deaths Wm

who 2 7th 1850 of R ev. a Blacker , died October , , and Samuel Bl cker , LL . D . who in 1849 is , died . Adjoining the south transept there a me w w w h very handso indo , on hich are designed t e principal events of CITY OF ARMAGH .

’ i v w our . was Re . Saviour s l fe It presented by the Andre Vogan ,

of a rector North Marden , diocese Of Chichester, a n tive of this city,

and son of one of its oldest and most respectable inhabitants .

Of in e those the chancel , five in number , put up by the Lord Primat ,

f u one contains the figures of the o r Evangelists , designed and painted

n by the late Mrs . D u bar . One ornamental w indow over the Communion

a . of V R v. s . t ble One in memory the ery e Thoma E Jackson , Dean f 1 43 o o who 3rd 8 . and Rect r Armagh , died at Paris , August , O n the remaining t wo are inscribed

who on 24t h Lady Catherine Beresford , departed this life June , 1831 66 h t a of a e . , in the ye r her g r of e of Sac ed to the memory the Lady Anne Beresford , daught r f who f George , First Marquis of Water ord , departed this li e in Dublin , 24t h 1841 62n d of a e w t e November , , in the year her g , and hose “ s t f main are in erred in the amily vault at Curraghmore , County f Water ord .

r v f d Re . St o or The f iends of the late Cosby p Mangan , Rector of

D err n oose f of y ( ormerly Curate Armagh), intend to mark their respect for his character by perpetuating his memory by means of a memorial w w indo in this Cathedral .

In t he i - a sles and chapter room are many monuments of celebrity , one in of D Drelincourt R sback particular , erected to the memory ean , by y ,

in r . b as also one memo y of Sir Thomas Molyneux , Bart , M . D . , y

Roubiliac .

w l t wo w w In the to er there is a pea of eight bells , of hich ere purchased w by the Lord Primate , thus ith a competent set of ringers might be w rung forty thousand three hundred and t enty changes . y 15 16 B and Geo . III the Cathedral is made the mother Church

w as of Armagh , instead of the old Parish Church here the Rector w

w . Of h i s al ays inducted t is bu lding there are at pre ent no remains ,

’ but in a view of the Cathedral given in the first volume of Ware s

i s in 1739 r ma e on B shop , taken , a very small f agment y be observ d

- the south east side .

n the w n m n the is w w t as Duri g i ter o ths Church ell lighted i h g , the 36 RECORD OF THE great er part of the expense attending the introduction of which was

borne by the present Dean .

is l- 10 i Divine service celebrated at the hour of ha f past every morn ng,

11 3on r and at the hours of and Sundays . The choral service is pe f in r who w mo ormed the most becoming solemnity by the choi , ere cha ” te rised by t he late Bishop of London as the model choir of these

it h ew ex e t i ns e . w c are n countri s The Services and Anthems , f p o , chose

Old - from the good school Handel , Boyce , Purcell , Green , Croft , & w &c. c. w Blo , Farrant, Tallis , Weldon , , , hose staid compositions are in ri w st ct keeping ith the sacred services of the Church . To these benefactors of Cathedral establishments may be added the name of M BA C . . . U S: G B Allen , (a member of the Armagh Cathedral Choir), who wr al w i im an has itten sever anthems , h ch for beauty, s plicity, d devotionalfeeling are deservedly admired .

H E A TH RA C H IR T C ED L O .

3r 1635 h e I . 2 d King Charles , May, , by letters patent , ordered t at ther shall be a company or college founded anew in the Church of St .

GH T CAR S H RA A ND ONE RGA N ST Patrick , Armagh , to consist ofEI VI C O L O I , to celebrate and administer divine service in the Church of St . Patrick

w . i for ever, according to the la s and customs of said company To th s l the body various tracts of land w hich had former y belonged to Culdees , w a ere gr nted by the charter . Primate Lindsey afterw ards increased the Royal grant by an outlay of more than in the purchase of a property in County Down .

CA R S C H RA VI O L .

R l . v. . m e . w an d J J M H . Strang ays Rev . a es Hogan , Clerica Vicars

r Cateri desant . Geo ge Scott, “

Turle i Robert , Organ st and Master of the Boys .

STIPENDIA BIES . — m . . ot George B Allen , George D . Hughes , and A . Talb A os — t N RS . Charles Wood , D . Thackery, J . Roberts , and W . Smi h TE O

E ‘ - . C ASS ES. J . L . . . Rogers , W. Wood , ee , N M N Edmondson , R alvert B CITY OF ARMAGH .

TH E MU SIC H A L L ,

’ s e c - V who ituat d on Vi ars Hill , is the property of the icars Choral , hold a concert there every Saturday evening for the practice of vocal and in st rumental m ai i h t he usic . Under the guiding and restr n ng and of A ll h Re . ot t w o o i n e v . n m n lat R , t ok particular care the ai tena ce of n a m s w th i strument l u ic in connection ith the Choir , Oratorios and e w orks of all the great Masters can be produced in a very creditable

l s w f manner . At these rehearsa s the Clerical Vicar ith a ew amateurs t in the ake part performance . There is an organ and a very valuable

c musi al library in the Music Hall . In the purchase of this library, Mr . A llot t had always in mind t he style of music w hich w ould be best

n t he S adapted for trai ing Choir to true Cathedral inging, and to his s uperior j udgment and practical know ledge of music may fairly be att ributed the high character which the Armagh Choir has obtained ” in m w e all the churches . Membership in olden ti es ith the Colleg at Armagh was a necessary recommendation for preferment in t he

Irish Church . The successors of the Culdees in the same place seem to have a S imilar honour conferred on their institution at the

al has n of present day, as the Cathedr Choir of Armagh bee a school discipline and a nursing mother to some of t he best Cathedral Singers in a V in - Engl nd . The original icars Hall stood Castle street, sup

a of w was posed to be p rt of the remains the old Culdee priory, hich

n w its . early opposite the Castle , from hich the street derives name Part of t he grouted walls an d arches of this castle remain to the pre sent day.

The m G i i . any publ c buildings , rel gious houses , viz , aol and

- e oflice w t he . . Sessions hous , Post , (on the site of hich late Mr J

’ i u ffi Bennet bu lt a ho se) and merchants o ces being in this locality, w ould fairly lead us to conclude that it was the principal part of the c s ity. King James II in his retreat from Londonderry re ided for a. t im0 e in - s in a hous Market st reet, at present occupied by the Con ta b ular W so e 179 8 m. y ; even late as during the Reb llion of , Lord Ben t t he ame mma the n r . ick occupied s quarters , in co nd of Norther Dist ict 38 RECORD OF THE

E N C A TH C H R TH R OMA OLI CA T ED A L .

l n ew of of e e This bui ding, in course erection , is the decorat d styl of

e r f E of l . s Gothic archit ctu e , from the design the ate Thomas J Duf , q ,

‘ of w a w M C ar h E . t s Ne ry, c rried out ith some deviation by J . J y , q ,

. . . was 1840 A R H A and commenced in , the first stone having been.

’

. in Re v laid on St Patrick s day that year , by the late Most . Archbishop

- . if y N W of Crolly The ground of the site is a beaut ull situated hill . .

of the city, and is part the property Lord Cremorn e and part that of

o E s of w in for t he Ge rge Robinson , q , both hom gave leases perpetuity

of w purpose . It is built the pale limestone , hich abounds in the neigh bourhood an d f , finely cut , rom its elevation and colour is seen a great wa off w of y , the situation commanding a most extensive vie the sur w w 240 rounding country. Its length from front to eastern indo is f t 142 f of f 110 d t eet, leng h across the transepts eet , altitude roo , i to of

w 2 10 f a w w of w estern to ers and spires eet . There are four l rge indo s

w f of grand dimensions , filled ith beauti ul tracery ; those the choir and w w transepts are flanked ith octagonal to ers carried up to a great height, w i of l i h ch gives the appearance so idity chastened by their proport ons ,

in - and the taste displayed the stone cutting and w orkmanship . These contrast w ell with the massiveness and strength of the w estern towers

- a f and great carved door w y ronting the town . The interior is divided

o into choir, nave , aisles , and transepts . The crossing of the ro f is

f a 80 w supported by our grand arches ne rly feet high , and t enty lesser

f h san ds on e f ones of beauti ully moulded w ite . The tri orium ran ge is

of w -f a w composed t enty our rches filled ith elegant tracery, springing from polis hed marble columns w ith numerous carvings and other e m

bellishments . , suited to the sacred character of the building The clerestory w indo ws are furnished with tracery uniform in character with

n the lower ra ge . The High Altar is to occupy the Space formed by the crossing of

of t he the great arches the choir ; east of this is the Lady Chapel , and a e h Choir isles north and south terminate in chapels . The altars in ac are b to e of marble richly carved and ornamented . CITY O F ARMAGH .

e The organ gallery extends across the entire nave at the entranc end , and is so arranged that the organ w hen placed will not interrupt t he

v f w w w t he ie w of the beauti ul est w indo hich rises high into the gable , space betw een it and the door -way on the outside being filled up with

a range or gallery of elaborately carved niches . The ceiling is a conti

un w t cus Gothic vault ith moulded ribs dividing into panels , suppor ed

on a series of groins springing from wall Shafts and angel corbels .

w of Already there have been up ards expended on it, and the present contract lately entered on (which is to finish it) exceeds so that we may conclude the entire cost w hen finished and

a for w w S of of w re dy public orship , ill be little hort all hich

far w for so has been raised by voluntary subscriptions , the to n and neighbourhood contributing about the diocese at large about t and the rest collec ed throughout the kingdom , and the United

— in States England and Scotland being yet reserve . T wenty years ago t his building was hardly thought of neither a site

t o w sum d be had nor a pound in the treasury ; and of the hole expende , and n necessary for its completion , but about remai to be col

le ct ed if w e of re , and may judge by the past zeal and earnestness the p

e V en in t . s um w w . s nt Archbishop , this ill not be anting time The presen — co ntractor is bound to have it finished in t he summer of 1863 whe n no w doubt it ill add much to the many attractions of our ancient city. TH E FI RST PR ES BYTEBIA N CH UR CH in A bbe s treet of y , very near the site of the Abbey SS . Peter and

was in 1722 f Paul built rom the ruins of that ancient church . This

l i a con loca ity is rendered interest ng to the antiqu ry , as it originally

tained t he w was . , besides Abbey to hich the great school annexed , St

’ f w it s Columba s Church (exactly opposite the Presbyterian rontage), ith f D ’ r. Gr In n euber s . w beauti ul cross , and school The , here King James

. on wa w of D n II , his y to the alls erry , and the old k ave Schomberg,

’ slept ; the latter fully bent on drivin g Teig O Regan out of the Castle " of Charlemont and the Gravel WalkS —the Only Spot in Armagh

in 1767 s t hewor . where John Wesley , wa permitte d to preach d of God 40 RE CORD OF THE

“ r in t he in . Conce n g build g of this house , Dr Stuart says , While w w e m i D the orkmen er engaged in preparing the ater als , ean w f S wift , accompanied by a friend , ent to the place and ound the mason s busily occupied in smoothing a number of curiously carved stones adorned w ith grotesque heads and the figures of cherubs w hich

’ ” a n s f H a had o O aad an . See prob bly bee culptured in the days Imar g , “ w n n said S ift, turni g to his friend these fa atic Puritans are chisel l e ing Pop ry out of the very stones .

In n w u in co nection ith this ch rch , there has been erected College

ee a in - str t , djoin g the Court house , a very handsome Sabbath and

an e of i 66 t Day School , at expens The bu lding is fee

23 w en long by feet ide , in the clear, and has on its front an op

w in w w Bible rought stone , ith the ords Remember the Sab ” “ ff l l e bath Day, to keep it holy, and Su er itt e children to com ” “ u me w nto , surrounded by a scroll , on hich is inscribed , Train u a i t he wa he o n e p ch ld in y should g . The i t rior is handsomely

e e m i fitt d up , and v ry co modious . The upper apartment , contain ng the congregational library is devote d to public lectures and the female

. The w whi mal has a school lo er, ch is appropriated to the e school , m al a w : ur t blet , bearing the follo ing inscription “ t e of e The foundation s on this building, erect d for Educational was ai 1857 purposes , l d on XXVII August, , by Meredith Arm of who w strong, this city, Surgeon , , together ith a liberal donation “ of w h in aid the ork , presented t e site rent free , to the First Pres b t erian r of r in r y Cong egation A magh , to be held trust by the Ministe ” his and successors for ever . The inscription on the handsome silver t rowel which was used on the occasion completes t he history of this interesting e stablishment

e A m n E s z . . Present d to Meredith r stro g, q , by the Rev J Hall . of i and the members the F rst Congregation , Armagh . on his laying i n his the foundat on of their Sabbath and Day School , origi ated by d i e 27t h j u icious l b rality, August, m a s um . The tot l expended on t he institution by Mr . M Ar strong e Con ~ £500. . . Es ec : . n xceeded J W Barre , q , Archit t Mr Joh Farr , r t actor and Builder .

42 RECORD OF THE

SABBA TH A ND DAY S H -H S C OOL OU E ,

d o e w was in n t he foun ation st n of hich laid by Dr . Lynn , prese ce of a

m w w w ~ large and respectable asse bly, ith a silver tro el , on hich was en

r : e J . . . D . m h g aved Present d to oseph M Lynn , Esq , M , by the Ar ag

e t he n n W sleyan Society, on occasio of his layi g the first stone of their n ew o - s 19 1859 m r t m Sch ol hou e , August , , as a ark of thei high es i ation

his c and ri e ff in of chara ter, gratitude for his unti ng and succ ssful e orts promoting so desirable an object .

e m in 52 19 This edific , easuring the clear feet in length by broad ,

was en loth 1859 . . . of w . op ed June , J W Barre , Ne ry, Esq , Architect t B M a a . r. Thom s Ross , of Arm gh , Con ractor and uilder

a e t he m o £ 140 l His Gr c Lord Pri ate c ntributed , and the To l Com mitt ee 75 nl the f £ , in consideration of e arging street and beauti ying the

. The e r approach to the Cathedral nti e cost, including the purchase of m t en e w . 00 ements , a ount d to of hich Dr Lynn contributed £2 .

AR MA BELIN R H GH D C OU T SC OOL .

xtract m Re rt o the End wed ch l ommissione s E fro p o f o S oo C r .

FOUNDATION.

e mm n e 8 1 and 8 Burg sses and Co o alty gav grant of acres , rood 5 h m 1 e 2 t 838. r perches , on Septe ber , P imate Boult r gave grant of

31 lincour fe 3 0 m . Dre t 1 acres , ods , and perches and Mrs grant of e

m of 9 0 1 1747 m e far ren t £ , on 2th June , . Pri ate Robinson also gav w e 115 Th i i a rene able l ase of acres . e est mated value of the prem ses

0 d. nd 17 1 8 . 7 a e m is £ , th net annual income fro the land amounts to

£224 15s . 11d. B CT O JE . For the establishment of a charity working school for 20 boys and 20

i be in l en m r g rls , to boarded , lodged, and instructed in anufactu e , hus w f t wo a e bandry, and house i ery ; schol rs to be nominated by the R ctor

e m n h m . of Clonf acle , and the re ai der by t e Rector of Ar agh

’

MAS T R S SA A R &e. E L Y, The annual salary of the Maste r is £64 ; the apartments and garden

are valued at £10 of this the Mistress gets share ; there is an allow, CITY OF ARMAGH .

f 3 er m The e s u n an ce o £ p annu for an assistant . cours of in tr ctio

w i r m i includes reading, rit ng, g am ar , geography, arithmetic , Eucl d , m n a e — w t t he e sur tion , and bookke ping together i h Scriptures and

m 50 et e —the Church Catechis . of the boys g their education fr e rest pay a pe nny a week .

t he Re rt o dward P enne at her Es xtra t rom E . E c f po f f , q , A ssistant

mmis h Co sione who ins ected t he c ol. r , p S o Fifty boys are n ow clothed annually out of the Trust Funds “ i of the was With reference to this appropriat on funds , it stated to me thati n 1834 a petition was presented to the Court of Chan cery by t m n w the Lord Primate and the then Rec or of Ar agh , upo , hich an f s h was order of re erence to the Ma ter in C ancery made , to approve of a proper scheme for the future regulation and man agement of this i e . e his trust estat , includ ng the school The Master mad report , w w as the m m in r hich confirmed , and present anage ent is acco dance " w t here ith . TH E MA LL SCH OOL

1 he was erected by Primate Stuart in 18 8 . According to t Report of

r i w we e the Commissione s for inqu ring into Endo ed Schools , hav as follow s — h 1820 N A TI N m 7t . FOU D O . Pri ate Stuart, deed of Charge , Nov , , to

e m £969 48 . e D an and Chapter of Ar agh , house property , and Gov rn

in i in . ment Stock . expended bu lding ; site held fee — RS Insrancrron . w i m r COU E OF Reading, rit ng, gra ma , geography, a hm ld m e u rit etic , Euc i , algebra, ensuration , book k eping, Script res ;

m o who not Church Catechis to th se do object .

’ sr Paraxcx s C G . OLLE E ,

d n t he m n e R. C . e a joi ing Ro a Catholic Cathedral , is the Dioc san Colleg of h . A t e e a n St Patrick , founded by the late Ven . rchbishop Crolly, for duc tio

an d n was e e c m d e trai ing of students for Maynooth . It int nd d to ac om o at

100 en r e the boys , and has lately been much la g d and improved by

e e —the Rev M ‘Mahon who m t o pr s nt resident Dean . J . , has done uch add to the convenience and comfort of the scholars . It is open to day

s f om t h t wn who a e m e es its a a s . pupil r e o , largely av il th s lv of dvant ge 44 RECORD OF THE

’ CH R STIAN BE TH ERS SCH S R O G NPA R . I OOL , EE K w 4 1851 2 th Nov . ar a These Schools ere opened here on the , , and e

in 1802 o branch of the Institute founded Waterford in , after the m del

t he w of De la Salle of Paris , by late Edmond J . Rice . a. ealthy mer

who i n chant of that city, ret red from business and devoted the remaini g

his f years of li e to the establishment of these schools . The institution is e t wo for conduct d here by a superior and assistant Brothers , and is

m d o l 300 400 . ale chil ren n y . Between and pupils attend daily

C N NT TH E SA CR H A RT O VE OF ED E ,

1852 for a religious establishment , first opened here at the Pavilion in

of the double purpose religion and education . The present building

e w of has been erected since th n , at a cost of up ards and is most

i off - f s commodiously la d , having class rooms , re ectories , and dormitorie f 1 0 & w o 0 w &c. c. for up ards pupils , ith chapel , , , and a large extent of

fo pleasure ground r exercise . The site was j udiciously chosen for

a w w of of he lth and prospect , on a hill est ard the city , the property Miss

- of Quinn . (Rocque erroneously makes the Windmill hill the site Na f e r o w . F a ta , or the church onders ) It is presided over by a superioress

of and a number Nuns w ho superintend the educational department . 6 There are about 0 young ladies at present in t he Institution . I n connexion w ith the Convent is a School for the education of the female

of w o children the poor , under the National Board , here they are als instructed gratuitously by the Nuns in all the useful branches of n ee dle w ork and female industry .

Besides the public buildings already enumerated , there is a Roman

Of Catholic Chapel situated to the South East the Cathedral , and the

’ site is marked by Rocque as the place w here St . Bridget s Church stood . On these premises w as found the seal of one of tho Deans of

m f 1256 1262 hearin Ar agh , namely , Joseph , Dean rom to , g the legend ,

8 . JOSEB C A N A RDMA OH A NI D ublin P enn J urnal . 1 DE I . The y o , (vol

. . 112 f l II , p ) contains a description o this Sea .

Tw o - e Presbyterian Churches , the Tabernacle in College street , us d b ” y the Independent denomination ; a Primitive Wesleyan Chapel , CITY OF ARMAGH . in - c w n W Abbey street , o cupying the site here Joh esley preached t he i o Protestant Hall and Read ng R om ; the Shambles , erected by

’ t he 1827 his Grace Lord Primate , in and the Savings Bank estab — lishment ISI . in S Actuary, Mr . Thomas Smith

PR IMA TE R OBINSON . 0 The inhabitants of Armagh have not done justice to the memory of

m n t . their great benefactor , Pri a e Robinson He found their city a est o f w w d mud and attle cottages , and left it adorned ith public buil ings w of great architectural beauty . He distributed up ards of in

w w w these great and noble orks , ithout the remotest vie to the present

r of f f s or futu e interest himsel or family , and has left un ading monument

of i r . v rtue , benevolence , and pat iotism In addition to these public

ft s in w charities , he le to a sist building a Chapel of Ease , ith

of for w an acre ground its site , bet een the Barracks and Royal School ; to the County Infirmary ; to t he Corporation of

m £200 in h of o n Ar agh , trust , t at they may advance a sum money

ific w a. proper secu rity to any tradesman or art er that ill engage to se ttle in the City of Armagh on the expiration of their apprentice i £200 h of m £200 sh ps ; to the C aritable Loan Ar agh , and to the ” of ar w poor the p ish . I give and bequeath , said he in his ill , to of h in the Governors and Guardians t e Armagh Library, of i for o f trust, to be disposed by them at their d scretion , the use a w a in nother University , hich may be here fter established Ulster , provided that the incorporation of such an University shall be com ” lete d in five ft an d t e p years a er my decease , lastly , I desire my m i in a a a ns may be deposited the Cathedr l Church of Arm gh , as that City has been t he principal place of my residence since my advance r c w ment to the p ima y , and the inhabitants have been itnesses to the r l Of for of s egu ar exertions my mind a succession year , in promoting a variety Of lic w orks for the future benefit and improvement Of that ancient in which the Christian religion was fi rs t preached ” r in I eland .

The e w w s bus t only r cord hich e have of thi great and good man , is a , — erected by his n ephew to his memory in the Cathedral a monument

f V rb a . a t o t e w r o e . s l ge h r un o thy so exalted a character . p

all him w a You did love once , not ithout c use What cause withholds you t hen to mour n for him 46 RECORD OF THE

M RN IMPR ODE OVEMENTS . a m a Since the de th of Pri ate Robinson , great ch nges have taken place

f c in Armagh , ef e ted chiefly by the improved taste and enterprisin g S r t pi it of its inhabi ants , and partly by the Town Commissioners and

e who w liberality of the Toll Committ e , have al ays manifested a laudable

t he i th zeal for cleanl ness and improvement of the city . His Grace e Lord Primate has also ren dered effective service by subscribing largely w w e hen occasion required , by hich means the footpaths of the city hav a fl a been kept const ntly agged in a neat and subst ntial manner . In w f l w fact it ould be di ficu t to find in this country, a to n w hose affairs i are more j ud ciously or more honestly conducted than those of Ar magh .

TH E T C MMITTE OLL O E ,

1855 r m in the year , pa tly by purchase and partly by gift , procured fro

E s rs f in W . Jenkinson and Charles Cavanagh , q . , hal an acre of ground

r s - w s I i h street , hich they converted into a neat , commodiou and excellent f 0 o £5 0. a Flax Market , at an expense For this outl y the Committee derive no man ner of remuneration , their sole object being the extension

of n ew h of trade and general improvement the city . This enclosure as been of infinite service to the adjacent locality, as the vast quantities of

flax w , the produce of the surrounding country , hich had been previously exposed for sale or tendered to the various flax-buyers in the streets d w i a the uring inter , caused great rregul rity and completely obstructed f thorough are .

l who To suit the convenience of victuallers and the pub ic , complained that the old Shambles w ere inconvenien tly situated and out of t he f 1857 £400 general tra fic , the Toll Committee , in , expended in erect in New f w g a Meat Market, rom hich they derive an income of about

13 . r as £ per annum Pa t of the old Shambles is used a Hide Market , and it is in contemplation to appropriate the remainder of the building

r - w in the establishment of a Ma ket for Irish gro n hay , grass , and flax d see s . The Egg and Poultry market which was formerly held in the Linen

n o f Hall , is w trans erred to the premises on the South side of Dobbin CITY OF ARMAGH .

n was ren street, lately occupied by Mr . William Boyd . This cha ge w dered necessary in order to relieve the Butter Market , hich has so

i l of e rapidly ncreased of ate , as to be the great st benefit to the butter

r ao~ producers in t his n eighbourhood . In car ying out this desirable

£500. commodation , the Toll Committee expended TH E PIPE WA TE R C OMMI SSIONE RS

a w r t he w w finding th t the supply of ater th ough ooden pipes , laid do n m m 1 00 . in 8 by Messrs Tho as Prentice , William Cochrane , Willia

w ia w n Mc ill ms , and John Singleton , ere not o ly partially decayed , but also insufficient in capacity of here to supply the in habitants effectually w w m the ith ater , substituted a nine inch etal Main pipe , running from

r - — w w l al reservoi to College street the cost of hich , ith col ater branches

to t he was £ 1200. was side streets , about This necessary expenditure m 1848 s 300 ost valuable to the inhabitants , as in , the tenant , in num

w n w w ber ere consta tly demanding ater, hich , under the old plan could

n ot e . m hav been supplied Under the present arrange ent , the houses of 470 inhabitants receive a sufficiency of water at state d hours

r w l w f du ing the eek , the regu arity of hich is guaranteed by the faith ul

s erveillan ce r . of their Secretary, Mr . Robert Coch ane

e In addition to this , the Commissioners have erect d four public Fount ains in places best suited to the wants and accommodation of

t o w m the poor, ho this generous provision , both in a sanitary and use ful in w s . po t of vie , mu t be a great blessing and convenience

A RMA C H MA RB LE . The quantity of building materials necessary for t he erection of public e i in ns d fices the time of Primate Robi on , caused the opening of several

a r on t he s qu r ies south side of the city . The Marble procured from thi locality has bee n used from time immemorial for ornamental and other

s f l the u e u purposes . Even now t he nobility and gentry of this and Sist er Country are occasionally supplied w ith handsome chimney-pieces an f d mural tablet s from the extensive Marble Works o Mr . David ‘C M ullou h. The w g path ays being generally composed of this material , as led m r h to the belief that Armagh streets are paved with ab le , 43 RECORD O F THE

“ a the w t i i Ne r city of Armagh , ri es Wilk nson , there is a l ght e t of i n colour d limes one excellent quality, and it is extensively used

w . the buildings of the to n Its colour is a light pinkish grey, very iliv rous a S foss e o . w , and t kes a very good p lish When polished it he s a w w w w w arm yello ish colour, but hen orked by the tool it is hitish , and is commonly used both for rubble and cut stone . Beds of a redder c a w w e w olour lternate ith the hit stone , and are orked into chimney l ” w . pieces and other ornamental orks , but are not used external y U P B L I C W A L K S .

TH E MA LL . In 179 7 Primate New come granted a lease of a certain portion of The ” m - Sove o Commons , extending fro the Gaol to the Court house , to the u reign and Burgesses of the city, for the p rpose of making a public

w n . ai alk for the i habitants The Park , cont ning seven or eight acres ,

w w w row is traversed ith alks and encircled ith a double of beech , elm ,

on w w and sycamore trees , the outside of hich runs a parapet all coped

with cut stone .

un w w e In these grounds is placed a large g , the only trophy hich possess

w ar w of the Crimean . It as captured from the enemy at Sebastopol by

r r of s the b ave y our troops , and presented by Government to the inhabitant ”

w . of Armagh , some of hose sons fell fighting for their country h With t is Trophy and the Monument to his memory in the Cathedral ,

i f . H MA S is assoc ated the ate of one of her bravest sons , Lieut T O

ho on S B RN D R . N . w in O O E KI D , , fell the attack on the Redan the

18th of 1855. June ,

’ et d eau To the south of this memorial stands a handsome j , placed there to commemorate the occasion of the Great National Show being held i i 18 4 n Armagh n 5 . TH E PA N VILIO . ” O n the e e o n the - is i north ast sid , adj i ing Session house , the Pav lion ,

t he of me . who property Mr Stanley , contributes much to the enjoy nt ” of i the nhabitants by throwing ope n the grounds at seasonable hours . Not many years ago there w as within tw enty yards of t he handsome e r v of nt ance to the Pa ilion , a pool water surrounded by an embankm ent of w was fa e of l earth hich then known as the H orse P ond. The c the hil

50 REC ORD OF TH E

k w . m ine of b County Wic lo I ag a sheet beautiful clear , deep lue w in l w in f ater lying nestled a ho lo , amidst hills rising grace ul undu

ca n ot w of lati s smothered , but inlaid ith groups planting, surrounded on all sides by a belt of lofty trees which overshadow a grassy walk — comple tely e ncircling t he water e u island covered with trees and

’ u w w t he w w of t he w br sh ood do n to ater s edge , nay, gro ing out ater

lf t fu n f h d ff f itse . Lis en to the cheer l otes o t e i erent w ild o wl with w f t he m hich the sur ace of lake is covered , and thank the Ar agh

mm n who in use m and Co issio ers , keep order for the public , so char ing

e . beautiful 8. promenad

The 1839 n accompanying Circular, issued in , gives a full descriptio of this Lake and Pleasure ground

’ IMPROVEMENT OF LOWRY S LA KE .

fe w n m n in in n w m A ge tle e this city, conj unctio ith the Com issioners ” of n for Pipe Water, being a xious the preservation and improvement ’ o f w f m for . Lo ry s Lake , or ed a project attaining both these ends To w f carry their vie s into e fect, they raised a considerable sum , by sub s w w h ful i cription , ith hich they ave nearly completed a beauti rid ng

an d m n w . f how ground pro e ade , hich surround the lake The unds , e n ow u in ver , are exha sted ; and , order to raise the necessary s um to w w a complete the orks , it is proposed to admit about t enty addition l u b 1 t he i inal list w s bscri ers , of £ each to or g , hereby they and their families will be privileged to use the grounds during the life -time of h f u . n suc s bscribers When the list has bee filled up , uture subscribers , Of w ad except the representatives the original subscribers , ill not be mit t e d 2 fu under £ each . Ample nds could easily be obtained by volu n tary donations but the committee feel that such a mode of raising money w ould defeat the Object which should be kept in view m i far na ely, giv ng to the grounds about the lake , as as it is possible , the security and protectio n of private property . ’ w fu o f w m Lo ry s Lake is a beauti l sheet ater, cal ly embosomed among the s urrounding hills ; and as it is the only lake in the imme i of f w d ate vicinity Armagh , and the reservoir rom hich the city is sup w w an be plied ith ater , it is desirable d necessary that it should care fu lly preserved . I n consequence of the improvements w hich the committee have f m i accomplished , they have been enabled to prevent persons ro bath ng n t he a w t he m e f f t he i l ke , hile , at same ti e , they hav added our eet in A CITY OF RMAGH . d w e h and u m n t he epth of the at r , t us preserving its purity, a g enti g

S upply to the inhabitants of Armagh . w t he e On the embankment , ithin the fence , delightful exercis is n ow t o s ubs cri ground n early a mile in length , and is available the

r f . la bers and thei riends alone I n the lake there is a small is nd , w i f an d n w fla h ch has been taste ully laid out pla ted , and on hich a g ”

ff has f w . sta been reared , rom hich the British Ensign proudly floats of of t he has s l A boat, the property one subscribers , been generou y n n of placed , by that gentlema , at the comma d those privileged to ente r within the grounds . N E On the summit of t he hill at the . side of the Lake stands

Kildarton u Church , a plain and unpretending struct re , completely f embosomed in lo ty trees . It is built close to one of the most ancient

of w was grave yards in the country , in the midst hich formerly either

f few g l . o a Church or some Religious estab ishment In act, a years a

the w of s n ow . hole face the hill , Ea t of the Lake , in possession of M rs

was m e et e Of . Dobbin , one great ce et ry , and y b ars traces the past

r if of m o The Tripa tite l e St . Patrick states , Thither (Ar agh) als a t he n of of c me on a pilgrimage , ine daughters the King the Longbardi , M onessin f f n T a o o . and , d ughter the King B ritai hey arrived at —n a-n w of t he V n of Coll ingen , the Hazel ood irgi s) on the East f w w . Armagh , and three of them ere a ter ards buried there The rest w o B a -Finn e dha n C rumt heris ere directed to g to r im , and one , amely , u C eann ob a i Of r f n took p her abode at g , the h ll g ie ) , ear Armagh , ”

w f u . . t o on the East , here she ounded a religio s cell Dr Petrie appear s 350 f al a . have had some in ormation as to the loc ity , for he s ys , p a of y n u of A still e rlier example a stone orator , in the eighbo rhood m — f of w me w . Ar agh one coeval ith St Patrick himsel , and hich so s m — i of ruin yet re ain is preserved to us n the Tripartite life St . ” ri Pat ck .

. e e w e w Dr R ves rites , I have been unabl to ascertain here h this was . It w ould be w ell if some of those w o are acquainted w n h ith this eighbourhood w ould determine t he place e alludes to . I w t of t he may mention , ho ever , that the radition the country connects m h a w t e nin A rma hbre ue . emory of e pilgrims with g g , in Upper Fe s

o m e If a c njecture on the subject ight be hazarded , it is most probabl

Kildart on t he f for that is spot which Dr . Petrie re ers to , it is the only ” place eas t of A rmagh where even the slightest trace remains of eccle ” siastical n an n n oba the r e rui s d moreover the name Cea g , hill of g i f, 52 TH E Y F RECORD OF CIT O ARMAGH .

” n ot a i the the only ppropriately descr bes city of the dead , but

’ w t he w w —T ernas cobe name by hich to nland is kno n , is not only in b m m e t on sound ut also in for to the or ancien e above mentioned .

The t he r Kildart on r S of Pa ish , , also se ves to identify the ite, ‘ name Cille Kil e as the Irish or denotes both a sepulchr and a church . The oldest inhabitant affirms that in his youth t he walls of t he building

w w e the m w w e (oblong, east and est) er seven feet high re ains of hich er

was long since used forbuildingpurposes . An excavation lately made , and a portio n of awello fit t ing pavement was uncovered about five feet below

t he m w the present surface , but vast mass of ouldering carcases hich have turned it into a charnel -house renders for t he present further dis

c v ri s o e e impossible .

m C eann oba w t he e t he e the Fro g , follo ing cours of lak and passing

d w e w in was rocky fiel , come to a locality hich olden times covered

w . a ith hazel trees Many bushes of this description still rem in , but the Chronicler of t he district complains that they are much harrished for fire -w wh w e The by the poor people ood , but at can do common traditio n of the country states that this place being SO thickly studded with hazel trees in olden times was called the hill of hazels .

In turningover the soil several coins have been found from time to time . Between this site (to which I think we may fairly give the ancient name e f ” -n a nin en Cean n oba t he m w Coll g ) and g is rocky field , fro hich “ s w l immen e quantities of masonry, hich the country people cal streets , h ave been removed .

As it is probable that this interesting discovery may form t he subject m h of a separate notice , I shall say no ore , trusting t at some more competent person may be tempted

few from reading these remarks , to

undertake further researches .

F I N I S . HABETIC L IN X ALP A DE .

b SS P t P ul Ab ey of . e er and a

Ancient names by which it was known Description of

— ’ Consumed by Fire paw m Extent of

' B s s C Th i hop ourt, e

B w l Th ld ride el , e O

’ Camden s Description of Armagh C astle at Armagh C d The athe ral , The Mother Church of Armagh Roman Catholic Ch apel of E as e

Roman Catholic 0 . Choir of Armagh

' Ch ch St . M s and S ur , ark chool

' M h Of Armag .Dr. BCGVCS 54 L B L EX— U A PHA ETICA IND CONTIN ED .

Churches of Lis n adilland Grange or R alS h College, oy c ool

of St . P r k R C . at ic

Convent of the Sacred H eart Court H ouse

C rieve Row C e A of rm ross s, ncient, A agh Culdean Monastery

Desert Lane a Th Dispens ry, e

Emania and the Red Branch Knights

Fever H ospital a . F T m earta, e plum Na

G l Th ao , e G w Hm Th allo s , e

Greuber Dr. l , see Co lege

H m o P im e a pt n, r at

’ H olin shed s Accoun t of Armagh

Im n M n proveme ts, oder I fi m Th u n r ary, e Co nty

m II . i A m Ja es v sits r agh,

Kildarton C rc an d L e hu h ake,

A i R . nt quarian esearches at a

Ki for M n Lim Arma h in 1145 ln aki g e at g , Knights of the Red Branch

La P ke, arkamore AL PHABETICAL INDEX—CONTINUED

M l The al ,

business

M S of onasteries, uppression

’ Mory son s Account of the Irish Music H all

Natural History an d Philosophical Society Nial Caille Drowned in the Callan

Obse Th rvatory, e Octavian de Palato on the manners of the People of Armagh

’ O Scann ailbuilds the Great Church of Armagh

P c The b ala e, Arch ishops P ri c S A of at k , aint, ccount

P i m C u A ct of arl a ent, rious

P i i The av l on , P b r C S The Fi bb res yte ian hurch and chool , rst or A ey

R Th ath , e R i Offi M it eg stry ce, etropol an

' Savings Ban k S c mb D V A m ho erg, uke, isits r agh S F u d b P chool, o n ed y St . atrick Royal Drelincourt Mall 6 A PHABETIC — 5 L AL INDEX CONTINUED.

Pres r School , byte ian

Christian Brothers

s n H The Old Se sio ouse, Shambles Strabo on t he Manners of the Irish T Streets, homas and Ogle Dobbin street and Barrack H ill Synod held by Gelasius at Armagh

Toll Committe e Tontine Assembly Booms

Vicars Choral l h d H al , T e Ol

Wa s P lk , ublic, at Armagh Wesleyan Chapel and School ’ W d w H s En r i o s ous e , dowed by Primate Boulte Wi d n ows, Stained Glass

C O N T E N T S .

A A N A N D I T S S S I A I C LL A O C T ON S .

C H O R EG M H OOL COLL E OF A R A G .

A R M A GH .

S N C A T R M A G RE IDE E A H .

R M A GH 100 A R S A G YE O .

A T T H E M OY R E . Mhai hre A NN , ( Bealach na g ) , O

I AM S A N D TH E A C WA T R R W LLI BL K E FO T .

N OE TH E C A STLE A D G A R R I S O N OE A R M A GH .

F R O T H E YELLOW FO D .

T H E A TT OE A N A B W R O R . B LE BELL OY, YELLO FO D

’ N B EN LL S M A R HE RY A G A C H TO TH E YELLO W FO R D .

“ OLD RO A D O R CO M M ON HI GH WA Y F R O M A R M A GH BELLA N AB OY

BLA C KW A T E R T OWN .

TH E RT S ON T H E W R FO BLA C K A T E .

H A R M N T R T O N T H E BLA WA R C LE O FO OH TE .

“ R TH E ROYA L A RTILL E EE .

N TJ R T ON GH IDN A NN : MOU OY FO LOU S EY, ( O

SIDN EY CA STLE ON D ER RY W A R R A GH I S LA N D .

T O P O G R A P H IC A L S K E T C H E S

TY R O E H A N D N . A R M A G ,

R A N D THE RIV E CALLAN ITS ASSOCIATIONS ,

of t s HE first mention made this ancien river appears in the Annals of the Four Master , o f Ti hearn mas - o f o f w hich states , that in the reign g Monarch Ireland , in the year 348 a f t he o f Ire the w orld 3656, or ye rs be ore Christian era , the three black rivers “ F ubhn a in Foran n C aillain n a lan d burst forth , viz . , (Oona River Tyrone) and , at Ard ” o f fo r mach Leavin the stream to pursue the uneven tenor its course centuries, it turns . g t he 846 w II o f I w ho f m s ub se up ag ain in year in connection ith Niall I King reland ; , ro

w o f . w as quent events , is kno n to posterity by the name Niall Caille This Niall the ancestor ' ’ o f f t he ear 833 846 w w as w in of Brian O N eilland Monarch Ireland rom y to , hen he dro ned ” h f m w o f the river Callan near A rdmac ro hich he received the appellation Caille . About this time the Danes or Normans made a fort and had shipping on Loug h Neag h h Of in for the purpose o f spoiling and w asting the Nort Ireland ; and the annals record that o f A rdmacha w w w the year 839 , the city , ith its oratories and great church ere burned do n O n h o f by the Danes fro m Lough Neagh . the deat Niall , Malachy mounted the throne . The Danes overran the kingdom and struck terror throughout the land ; and the king con ha t for f o f ve ned the States at A rdmac to consul the general sa ety and expulsion the invaders , “ f w w f w n During the reign o Niall Caille rites Stuart , many battles ere ought bet ee the ' w . f f w f Iris h and the Danes , ith various success Niall , finding himsel su ficiently po er ul to in vade t he territories conquered by the Danes in Ulster, advanced against Armagh , th e head o f quarters o f his savage enemies . The Danes , confident success , met him , and the adverse — man o f , for hos t clos ed, spear to spear to man ; the troops Niall thirsting vengeance, D w fought w ith a desperate valour w hich made them irresistable . The anes ere completely in w w t overt hro w n , and the universal route ere slaugh tered by the victorious Irish ithou s w ho w et me rcy . Tho e survived the battle fled to ards the river Callan , probably to g a w as w f o f n w t emporary refuge in the Navan Fort . The river s ollen rom a torrent rai hich o f had fallen and interrupted the march the victorious army in their progress to Armagh .

e w f U m ola . At the foot o f Tullamo r hill , hich the river divides rom g , Niall halted his troops of w f b ut w as At his command , one his arriors endeavoured to pass the ord on horseback , o f w w ho w i nstantly hurried from his steed by the impetuosity the aters . Niall , , ith strong aw him f ff emotions , s struggling for li e, commanded his g uards to make every e ort for his

n w as . prese rvation . In vai the command obey ed , terror fixed them to the spot immovable f w w f The m agnanimous king dashed or ard ith a generous resolution to save his riend or perish of in t he att empt . As he approached the bank the river, th e ground , undermined by the k f w as t w e to rrent, san beneath his horses eet , the monarch precipita ed into the flood , her f f w as d deat h at once closed his career o victory and his li e . His body eposited in a grave du in on of w so . s g Tullamore, the bank the river here he had prematurely perished A imple 62 TOP OGB APH ICA L R S A R CH S E E E .

o f w f “ ’ mound earth , hich tradition h as rom generation to generation denominated Niall s ” w o f Mound , lately marked the spot here the sovereign Ireland lies in the silence o f death . o f o f Warner ( History Ireland) g ives a pretty similar account the occurrence . “ f w o f D o f A ter the overthro the anes , Niall came to the banks the river C aillan n w ith a f w w design to ord it , and finding it s elled to a great height ith some heavy rains, he ordered one Of his retinue to try the depth o f it before he ventured in w ith all his train : but the w O ff w stream being very rapid and ashing him his horse , and those hom the king had or w dered to his succour not being illing to risque their lives , Niall himsel f resolved t o haz w i h w zard his o n person n order to save him . Wit that vie he pushed the side o f the stream w here the man w as dro w ning ; but th e ground ' w w O f w w a ith the ashing th e ater, it immediately gave y ; his horse and he w ere both tum f o f w bled into the river, and they shared the ate the man hom the king had attempted to ” . III . y of in fift -fif save Thus died Niall , thirteen ears in the Sovereignty Ireland, the y t h f a year o his ge . f w This un ortunate Prince , had it appears some arning to avoid the river Callan , fo r it w as f b e w in w predicted some time be ore that he should dro ned that stream , hich w as the sad o f w as w f w b o f a l occasion his name, and he al ays mentioned a ter ards y the name Niall C il e . In commemoration o f his untimely death w as w ritten

A curse o n e 0 se C allain n e u s eam i mis fr m m un ain th e vere , tho tr l ke t o a o t , T u as a n ed a h o n r s d on t he w run i f c f ho h t p i t de t eve y i e, arlike b ette br ght a e o Niall

And again

I o n ot t h e s o w fu w w c fl w s t he sid o f Mare s l ve rro l ater, hi h o by e , O C aillain ne w ho shall b oas t o f it " Thou h ast drow n e d us w man The s on of an illus trio o .

lVit h fo r w S w w as d w e every regard the tradition hich points out the pot here Niall ro n d , f f it is very di ficult indeed to arrive at a sa e conclusion , as th e river is so very crooked that y m w w o f its adverse banks are continuall cru bling a ay ith th e impetuosity the stream . The o f a w w g reat depth the river and its im pending b nks at this place ould , ho ever, lead us to w ho give some credence to the story . Those take an interest in our local topog raphy w ill b ed O f at once Observe that the the river suddenly sinks here, and the banks so precipitous

w . fact ith rocky sides , that it very probably maintained its original course I n , it is the only for w s uch likely spot several miles here a catastrophe could have occurred, at least from the

present appearance o f the river . m C allain n t he u o f g There are three rivers na ed in Ireland ; one in Co nty Arma h , the in v o f Glan aro u h other in the County Kilkenny, and the third the alley g , in the County Of K errs ’ D O Don ovan w h It is r. o not at all surprising that the late , had never been in th e neigh b ourhood o f Armagh , made several topographical errors reg arding occurrences w hich took

y f 3. w place in this localit , and I h ave the mis ortune to dispute statement hich is recorded ” f - in o f by him in a oot note under the name Caille , th e first volume the Four Masters . him w u The assertion or interpretation is g iven , and by alone , itho t any attempt at proo f w O f o w n or reasoning ; and I ill merely opy the passage , and let the reader orm his conclu sion The C allain n in the Co unty o f Kilkenny is probably the one in w hich this king w w as dro ned . ’

N o w D r. O D on o van , is it not strange that , in the earlier part of the very volume from w “ w hich the extract is taken , identifies this ater as the river Callan , in the County o f Ar m P in M of w b e in 1849 agh and the iscellany the Celtic Society, hich edited , he reiter w as w f ates the statement , that Niall dro ned in the river Callan near Armagh , rom w hich ” he received the cognomen of Caille or C ailn e l T H E A N I N T S C H 0 B. C G OF A R M A H C E OO L, OLLE E G .

The fact also Of Malachy assembling the states at Armagh immediately on the death of Niall ” Of w ar w as is a strong proof that the seat at Armagh and not Kilkenny . ’ O C o n n o r D o f The learned Charles , in his issertations on th e History Ireland , ( . i p . w To o ra h c H ibem zca afli rms that the occurrence took place at Armagh Se ard ( p g p i ) . Kea ‘ ff w t ting and Stuart also join testimony to the same e ect, hilst Ware and Lannigan are silen on th e matter . ’ h f ho w w t O Do no van w as It is , t ere ore , hard to say , or by hat au hority the learned Dr . led to change his first ideas on this subject . The statement may have been unintentional b ut f or a ty pographical error , it is contrary to common sense and undoubted historical proo s '

f w f o f . few b e brought or ard in avour Armagh I bere are very interesting reminiscences , ‘ w E ccles ias t ical w an d in habi yond hat are termed , connected ith this ancient city , so its t w f III e o . t nts , are not yet prepared to par ith the historical associations Niall , and the w o f w o f river Callan , hich takes its rise about six miles south Armagh near the to n Keady — and flo w s w est w ard m a northern direction . The river is supplied from th ree lakes the ” o f w f largest hich is called Clay , and augmented by various streams in its descent rom w Of w th e mountains . Follo ing the tortuous course the stream until it Joins the Black ater w m 18 — it at Charlemont , hich a direct line about nine miles traverses probably more than f w w o . w has t elve , Owing to the extraordinary indings the river in some places This , ho ever, g fo r w o f f w its advanta es , on its banks are constructed up ards orty mills hich keep thou Ball n sands o f poor people in constant and remunerative employment . At a place called a a ’ e llan at ha buidke w i i boy ( B ) or Yello Ford , Sir Henry Bagena and the Queen s troops n 8 w of w ho w as n 159 crossed the river Callan hen going to meet Hugh , Earl Tyrone, then e w compassing th e Fort at Black ater . w si The ord Callan in Irish means loud talk , noise or calling ; and , perhaps, the name g “ n ifies the Echoing River .

O R H THE ANCIENT SCHOOL , COLLEGE OF ARMAG .

o f . t he ff N the course his missionary labours , St Patrick determined to adopt most e ectual for w means transmitting to posterity the doctrines hich he had so sedulously taught . f Under this im pression he ounded in Armagh . A S C H OOL O R C OLLE GE f f w o . f of hich , in process time , became amous th roughout all Europe The oundation the 1n o f w h School at Armagh , is to be traced to a very remote period the j udgment those o are of w champions Irish Antiquity , hile this seems to be little more than conjecture in the esti O f mation o f others ; but its early existence there can be no question . Like every similar — h o f learn in o f d w as in Sc ool g in Europe even more modern ate , it insigo nificant its com men ce me nt w e o f 12 t hou h , but find , even so late as the end the th Century , g many chan es o f t 1169 g have taken place , and a long night darkness had intervened , tha in the year , o f Of an o f Roderick , the last the native Monarchs Ireland , encourager learning , augmented 1 Of o f s t adium en erale the ncome the Superior Armag h College , stipulating that this g should t foi w ho co me be continued to be kep Open all students should to Armagh . While yet the nations from w hom the inhabitants Of the g reater portion o f modern Europe are descended w 1n w o f i f ere sunk the lo est depths gnorance and idolatry , and be ore the Saxons had re ceived in w w t an al phabet , there flourished at Armagh , a Seminary hich ere taugh the great truths o f Ch ristianity . w t f Spencer rites tha the Saxons originally received their alphabet rom the Irish , and consequently that they w ere unacquainted w ith every branch Of literature until instructed by the learned of Ireland .

H e o f E is A rdmach ad rin great , N ot is c f s nobler their high hie tain , The men of t he w a w d e e orld h ve their kno le ge th r . TOPO GBA PH I CA L R S A R H ‘ 64 E E C E S .

’ o f in 1387 O N eill o f The Annalist Friars Donegal record that the year , Niall , King t n o w a fo r Ulster, buil a house at Emania ( Navan Fort , near Arm g h) the entertainment

“ ” ‘ o f o f . w as a t fo r N the learned men Ireland Emania an p Parnassus the orthern Bards , f o f C ree vero i c w O e . w hom the scene the vicinity , the Red Branch Knights , ould ins pire to o f w o f w sing the glories the time hen Emania flourished as the site a dy nasty, and hen h lin C uc u l led the Red Branch Knights to dang er . f o f o f C o n chuua Peter Walsh , quoting rom the manuscript Keating in the reign ir Mhic D o 7 f n ocho e . 5 o , ( p ) says , there being scholars at one time in one these Universities , to w it s ho w , Armagh , is a con iderable evidence learning had flourished at that time in Ireland . w he w o f w ho To all hich may added that they ere the Irish those days, gave a beginning if f f for An b y abroad , not to the Schools o Ox ord ( I have author me that says they did so o f l even to these) yet certainly to those Paris and Pavia , and to many other great col eges ” o f in f f o f learning oreign parts, and the most amous monasteries Europe . ’ O C onn or In o f A rdmacha f f w adds , the City it is a firmed that no e er than s cholars studied at the same time w ithin its university ; although the king dom at that if time contained several other Academies equally celebrated , not equally numerous . “ f 55 “ f o w . 1 . 1 or The College Armagh , rites Fitzgerald, vol , p , ranked many cen t uries in amongst the most celebrated seminaries Europe , having at one time ’ w O n n r f r w C o o . students ithin its alls . Roderick made a grant to its pro esso s Gildas , a

o f . o f re disciple St Patrick and the most ancient the British historians , is said to have p w r sided over it . The studies pursued in the Irish colleges ere, theology, grammar, hetoric , ” s In E n l mu ic . c c o oedia logic , , geometry, astronomy and architecture the Popular y p , “ w w e w as published at Glasgo , find that , in the middle ag es Armagh an extensive and for populous city , and celebrated its learning , having at one time students at its col ” n f f leg e . But in more moder times , or three or our centuries preceding the Re ormation , all in si n ifican ce w o f the Irish colleges had passed into comparative g , ith the exception that o f w w as w as o f Armagh ; the high estimation in hich that college held , attested by a synod w - w Cls n e D o f t enty six Bishops , hich Primate Gelasius convened at ( iocese Kildare) , in “ 1162 w w as d for , hen it ecreed , that no person , th e time to come should be adopted as a f u . public reader in Divinity, nless h e had been a student ostered or adopted by Armagh f o f o f o is . Charlemagne France placed the University Paris and that Ticinum , Pavia t w o f o f Of u (the first ormed establishments the kind on the Continent Europe) , nder the o f t w o — in s t it u care Irishmen Albin and Clement , as best qualified to preside over such

. A i ilbert o f f w Of tions g , the first Bishop the Western Saxons , and a ter ards Bishop Paris , f a o f ort humb erlan d w . also Al red , King N , ere educated in Ireland, most probably at Arm gh ’ O D on o van in D 1 Of w n , the ublin Penny Journal , vol . , gives a translation a poem ritte in f o f ort humbrian n the Irish language by Al red , King the N Saxons, duri g his exile in Ire

w he w as w of . land , hen kno n by the name Flann Fion

The Royal poet, says

I f un d in A rdmach t he s en i o , pl d d,

M e n ess w s m c cums ec io . e k , i do , ir p t n Fas in in die nc t o t he Son of God t g obe e , N e s er us sa s obl , pro p o ge I found in each g reat church h n rn a on s or s n d Whet er i te l, hore i la , Lea n n w sd m e i n t o God r i g , i o , d vot o , H w c m an d i n oly el o e protect o .

f n o f of w B The ou dation the school Armagh , rites Christopher Anderson , in his istori Of t o d cal sketches the native Irish , is be traced to a very remote period , in the ju gment of those w ho are partial to Irish antiquity ; w hilst this seems to be little more than eo n Ih j ect ure in the estimation of others but of its early existence there can be no question .

TOPOGB A PH IC AL R A R H E SE C E S .

THE CASTLE OF ARMAGH . u HE history of this old str cture is almost buried in obscurity . Dr . Reeves says that the cas tle w hich gave name to Castle-Street w as a building unknow n to early times and f the Annalists , and there ore, never enters into their description . 1074 f 2 d . Under the year , Stuart in his Memoirs of Armagh , quoting rom Colgan , vol . p “ f f 29 8 o . . , states that on the Thursday a ter the Festival St Philip and St James , Armagh w as w s w . am w w d a ted ith fire The castle ( ) and the churches, ith the bells , ere estroyed . w as re- in 109 1 The city again built ; but the year , the castle, from its middle part ( what ” " t w w w as w does this mean ) o ards the est, materially inj ured ith fire .

’ All Colgan s Notices of Armagh are translated by him from the Irish oft he Four Mas w w find w ters, here the reader ill the original passages at the dates respectively hich he as signs . i f In translating the passage from Colgan , Stuart has ev dently given a alse interpretation ” w arx w to the ord , hich , according to the best authorities , means a high place or Rath . D r w arx t it t he . Reeves says , Wherever Colgan uses the ord , he represen s by Irish term R uth of n o w . The summit the hill occupied by the cathedral yard and houses, on the same — l w as The R at /a A n ia M as ha B at h o A rma h— w as exclusi leve , anciently called or f g and ’

. w as C ol an s am vely devoted to churches and other religious buildings It g , having been ’ f o f D f w the enclosed or ortified precincts aire s premises , be ore they ere granted by him to o f u w low w as St . Patrick . Th e outside belt gro nd, all do n the slopes to the ground sub w Triana t hirds w h w as divided into ards or districts , called the (or literally ) , hic the Irish ” w f r term for w hat e express o quarter . f w an d f m w The original passages in th e Four Masters run as ollo , rom the it ill be found w arx w ex media art e cum s uis eccles iis that th e ord taken ith p (middle part) , and (all its churches) cannot mean a castle or building w hich w as not larger than that erected about the same time by King Joh n at Carlingford and other places . A rdma h v a A m . D 0 4 A D 1020 c ast at a rce . . 1 7 . . tota incendio usque ad majorem A rdmach tota cum omnibus ecclesiis et campanis cum arce et reliqua urbis parte incendio ” — “ ii ” D 09 2 ardma h n l s . vas t an A . 1 c a a ecc e s & c t ur v as t at a. . Arx cum suis , , incendio , and 1112 A rdmach cum t em lis t he B at h w at Arx p (not castle) ith all its churches , w 1020 & . c We have , moreover, no evidence to sho that even so far back as the year the state of the ancient cit y w as such as to require the erection of a fortress li the castle ; and w m of it is more than probable it o es its origin to the troublesome ti es in the orth Ireland , subsequent to the invasio n of Ireland in 1172 and the conquest of Ulster some years w e in 1179 — cast ellat or of after . In pursuing this idea find that John De Courcey the Ire — — d off ff o f . land plundered Armagh and William Fitz Al helm carried the sta Jesus Again , in 1184: of w the year Philip Worcester, then Governor of Ireland, proceeded on a circuit, ith a great miliary force , to visit the British garrisons stationed through the provinces . At the head o f w o f this army he entered Armagh , hich he handed over to the tender mercies his merci w ho m less soldiers , robbed the churches ; and a ongst the plunder there appears to have “ ” been a certain large cauldron or bre w ing pan w hich w as taken from the clergy of the cit

In 1210 King John landed w ith a great and w ell appointed army at Waterford . Shortly w e h o f after find Englis colonies interspersed over the w hole face the country, and castles w as erected through Ulster to protect their interests . Money coined, and an attested copy w as of the great English Charter transmitted to this country . n ow f We come to the period at w hich w e determine the erection o the Castle of Armagh . ” o f o f of in 1864 The Marquis Kildare, in his book The Earls Kildare, published , states ’ ' f . 1 . 60 Oflal rom Lodge s Peerage, vol , p , that Maurice Fitzgerald, second Baron of y , in I IA R SIDEN A T A RM A TH E PR M A T L E CE GH .

f o f w n o o . w h built the Castle Armagh , hich there are remains Lodge, o nsidered f r a good authority , unfortunately gives no reference o this state ment ; but the disturbed condition of Society w hich at that time agitated the North of Ire land w ould naturally lead us to infer that he is tolerably correct . At the period to w hich o f of n w Dr . Lodge assigns the building the Castle Armagh , the English i fluence and po er fo r w o f had gained much g round in Ireland , the King directed his rit to th e Archbishop Ar o f in w w o f magh and the other prelates Ireland, hich he decreed that his rits com un w l f mon law should r into Ireland as el as England, and be equally e ficacious in both countries . a of a 123 We may then pl ce the origin this c stle, subject to correction , at the year 6, from w h ich time its existence seems to have been almost entirely ignored in local history . Sir in 1575 w f f w Henry Sidney , , gives a oe ul description of this ortress The to ne is miser f f s w ort he chard e of kee in e able ; the orte imper ect , not the g the p g , if there be peaceable f proceeding s . The bridge and gate to g arde it not hal reared ; but I have taken order it s n eccesar e if hall be finished, and very y it is to be kept peaceable proceeding be en ” tended . ’ 159 6 w e O N eill In the year , find that Hugh , Earl of Tyrone , suddenly marched to Ar o ff f es f w magh ; cut the ortr s rom communication ith the other garrisons , and succeeded in f forcing it to surrender before Sir John Norris could arrive to its relie . At the beginning o f the R v o f w e . . present century , part the premises ere tenanted by the Dr B urns, and at a later ’ — ’ O N eill a ff f . w as o period by Robert sheri s o ficer It subsequently permitted to g to ruins , and the late John Ross occupied the premises by building on its site several d w elling -houses w f adjoining a lane called after the o ner . The property has since allen into t he hands of ho of l . . w w Wi liam B Kaye, Esq , has taken care to preserve a piece grouted mason ork f f the only remnant o this ancient ortress to be seen at the present day . Something additional might have been furnished to render this article more interesting f and attractive to the ordinary reader, yet , I hope su ficient has been given to induce some of o ur youn g men to add a page to so valuable a study . In this ancient cit y and immediate n fo r in A rchae lo icalw eighbourhood, there yet remains a large field culti vation the g orld , and I trust the attention o f some members of the Philosophical Society w ill interest them selves by taking up the subject .

THE PRIMATIAL RESIDENCE AT ARMAGH .

o f of — MID the universal levelling society , spoliation Church property thrones totter in be g and nations falling , it may not uninteresting to put on record the sit e of the l a s of f . u hou e or residence the Bishops, rom St Patrick p to the present A r hazolo is time . It is a subject peculiarly attractive to the Armagh c g t . f is o o f . In the H tory the ancient Churches Armagh , Dr Reeves states that the Abbott “ f a or s ss o . B t h w ucce or St Patrick had a separate abode inside the , anciently enclosed ithin w n i o f f ra o . o 822 . t he a mpart of its The first ment on it is in the Annals Ulster, at At ” “ 17 D w as commencement of the th century , continues the octor, there a place and build ’ ’ in V w haw g at the north end of the icar s Hill , called the Archbishop s Court, hich may ’ been a relic of the old residence . The Dean s holding may also have been a portion of the s e w as D w Epi copal premises, b cause in early times there no ean , and it is likely that hen

t w as t o f . f hat dignity institu ed , the Court St Patrick retired rom the Abbatial to his E pis f n ew w copal unctions, delegating the former to his capitular president , and ith it the hold ’ ings belonging to the office . At such a time it probably w as that the Primate s Armagh d ’ s w a s M ullin ure . s sf in N E . re i ence tran erred to Bi hop s Court , , lying N . of the city The fa es w of ri w as s nf kin vourite r idence, ho ever, the P mates at Dromi kin and Termo ec , and 68 roro s nap m can ns ss ancn s s .

w hen the Primates did visit Armag h they took up their abode in one of the religious houses 1460 adjacent to the Cathedral . Thus , in , Primate Bole occupied his chambers in the old ” - - w w . Culdee Priory , bet een Castle Street and the church vard all f m It is di ficult to discover by w hom the more odern Episcopal house of Armagh w as i 1562 f — bu lt ; most probably in , by Adam Lo tus the second Protestant Primate ; Hugh Goodacre having died w ithin three months o f his consecration . It is but little w onder that ’ f w O N eill Adam Lo tus did not reside at Armagh , hen Shane burned his residence . He re ' at f w w as chefle w c f sided generally Termon eckin , hich the d elling pla e o the Archbishops o f w as t h Armagh in those days . At this time the North of Ireland ruined by e rebellion o f ’ O N eill w as of w — Shane , and Armagh reduced to a parcel attled cottages the ruino us w alls ’ ” “ o f 1568 28t h a monastery and the Primate s Palace . In , March , secret instructions w ere f d sent rom Queen Elizabeth to the Lor s Justices of Ireland , desirin g them to hasten the build ’ in of A rdma h g the Cathedral and the Archbishop s house at g , in order that the latter might for V for w ho w serve as a lodging the iceroy, and also the Councillors, ere about to be ap ” pointed as a Provincial Council for governing the North . 1613 When Christopher Hampton succeeded to the Primacy in , he built a handsome a w of p lace at Drogheda, here the Archbishops Armagh had their Episcopal residence for three months in the year ; but since the time o f Primate Ussher they resided more frequently at Armagh . f O w e A . D . 1622 as f this building have an account in the Ulster Visitation Book , , ol low s :

f n ew n ow : w eh L Item , in Drogheda a ayre house built by the Lo Primate, cost his ozp l L z a di d. o rea e 2064 . 2s . 4 u t lbs , and more buildings his p intends to _ add n o the same — w w w f house to hich house there is a large garden alled ith stone, at the charge o the n o w ” Archbp . ’ “ ff l 11 . 2 2 t he of vo . . 6 In Sta ord s State Letters , p , Archbishop Canterbury w rite s to A D . . 1638 the Lord Deputy , , I am glad yr Lordship hath been at Drogheda, that there m you found one of the best houses in Ireland . It seems Primate Ha pton did that good to ” w d the sea . In addition to repairing the Armagh Cathedral , hich had been estroyed by ’ O N eill— e V u 1622 Shane this prelat , according to the Ulster isitation Book , nder , also re

an w of . : built old house at the est end the Cathedral The passage runs thus Imprimis, n ow w of Christopher, Archbishop, hath an old house at the est end the cathedral church, w Loz n ew w 160 lh. hereunto his p hath added a building , hich did stand him in , more his L f o z w f . 300 o f p intends to besto in building , i God spare him li e Item , acres land, by the ” n o w for w for 30 1 Archbp . demeans , to the house above mentioned, hich is set yearly b . i f This is evidently the bu lding alluded to by Dr . Reeves, situate at the north end o the V ’ — icar s Hill near the present library . “ 1 70 ow n Primate Margetson , in the year 6 , at his peculiar cost, greatly adorned and l repaired the Episcopa palace . Pri mate Marsh rebuilt and repaired a dw elling- house fo r himself and his successors in 704 1 . ’ £ 00 w 25t h . 1722 3 In Primate Lindsey s ill , executed Oct , , he left to his next successor, f f or f f . In to aid in the purchase o a convenient house, the residence o the uture primates

w as w . D w Es of this devise there a condition that he should not rene a lease to T a son , q , a w w as d h ouse in Armagh , then in his possession , hich his Grace esirous should revert to

- w . . D w re the see, as a d elling house for the Archbishop Dr Lindsey alleged that a son had ceived fu t for w d a ll compensa ion this house, hich had been partly rebuilt and partly repaire , of of f w h at the expense Primate Marsh , for the use himsel and his successors, but Da son ad. f f . re used to trans er it, as no deed of surrender had been executed R M R TH E P I ATIA L E S IDEN CE A T A RM A GH .

About this time the Archbishops changed their place of abode from the w est o f the Cath ra in - of ed l to a large house English Street, and held as such during the lives the three suc din — w w cee . o f g prelates Boulter, Hoadly , and Stone Some the alls ere standing about

f a o w u . w h orty years g , and the office houses ere sed as stores by Mr Hugh Kidd , o had a ’ w . f for bre ery close by By re erring to Livingston s map, surveyed his Grace, Richard, Lord ’ of 1767 w of Primate Ireland , in , it ill be obs erved that the site the Primate s residence mea ” 139 w ffi sured feet , ith the observation , A very good house and o ces . The edifice, how w as f as f of ever, not such as to recommend itsel the uture residence Primate Robinson , so w u the premises ere given p in the first instance to Mr . Macan , and subsequently divided f o . . . into separate houses , at present in the possession Messrs J S Riggs and H . Hazelton . d w of - The frontage exten ed south ards as far as the corner Russell Street .

’ w as Tull ard Robinson s intention to have built a mansion on y Hill , but Dr . Averell , pro riet or o f w f p the soil, ould not trans er his title to the lands, and thus the Primate w as

obliged t o change his original design . The condition o f this part of the city in 1740 may be imagined from certain orders made w of by the To n Commissioners at that time . We present the sum one shilling an d one

t o be . w penny, levied and paid to Geo Bell , to be by him laid out in cleaning the atercourse ’ and throw ing backe ye dunge on ye road betw een the Lord Primate s house and the w est te ” m n ad o nin f r f n e e t o . j y g ye malt kiln , in order to keep ye same clean ye uture We pre sent any person w ho shall be convicted at any time hereafter of thro w ing ashes or dung in ye d “ w of 63. 8 . 2oth 1743 said atercourse in ye sum and And on the January, , We present ff f o f 7s . o o th e sum , to be levied ye inhabitants this Corporation and ye lands thereunto b e ‘ of . . M C a . rt in longing , and paid into ye hands E Harcourt, Esq , to be by him paid to Mr , e w w stonecutt r, and the orkmen that repaired the conduit across the street , bet een my Lord ’ ’ ”

. . 174 2 7 £ 12 . 7d. Primate s and Dr Jenny s house s , to be expended in repairing the ’ street before the Lord Primate s house .

w as f t he o f y When Dr . Robinson removed rom see Kildare to the Primac , he built, in 1 70 A 7 , on the mensal lands , separated by rchbishop Hampton , a handsome residence mea 0 f 9 0 f 6 fo r . suring eet by , himsel and his successors u o f During the b ilding the Palace in the Demesne , Primate Robinson resided at Richhill , When Primate Stuart came to this diocese the outlines of the demesne w ere properly de d w w of b e fine , and be enclosed the mensal lands ith a boundary all , at a cost to in levied o ff his successors due proportions .

. . f im On his accession to the primacy, the late Primate, Lord J G Beres ord , expended an m ofiice w ense sum in building houses and adding another story to the palace , hich gives it a noble and graceful appearance . o f w w w Some the apartments are adorned ith valuable paintings , hich ere bequeathed by — f his . th e ounder to successors , viz King Charles L , King William III , and Queen Mary ,

of D I . of Queen Anne, Prince George enmark , King George , George I I Frederick Prince o f Z w Wales , George III . , Queen Charlotte , Elector of Hanover, Duke ell , together ith seve — o f —fift een w t he r s e ral the primates in number reaching do n to the time of p e ent primat , o f w ho w as t he 159 5 w from that Henry Ussher, raised to primacy in the year , to ards the f o f latter end o f the reign o Elizabeth . These complete the series Protestant Archbishops o f Armagh during that period . “ in f t e The late Dr . Elrington , his Li e of Archbishop Ussher gives an account of the s ide nce of the Archbishops of Armagh “ o f had - The Archbish op Armagh a residence in Palace Street, Drogheda, and another ’ f w few f w w w . at Termon eckin , ithin a miles rom hich Archbishop Ussher s letters ere ritten f w as 641 f w d The house at Termon eckin destroyed in the rebellion of 1 , and never a ter ar s en repaired . Archbishop Bramhall had collected materials for repairing the house and T P GR A A R H S 70 O O PH I CA L R E SE C E .

w . f his w closing the Park , but his death interrupted the ork He le t by ill the materials to

w w as . w w as his successor, but the ork not completed A small part of the all standing a

a o n o w . It fe w years g , but it is entirely destroyed is a very general mistake that the w as f castle w hich still remains the residence o Archbishop Ussher . It is so stated by Wright “ ” — L ut hian a b w . in his o y Grosse, and by every successive riter The Archiepiscopal residence

w . o f stood close to the river on the est side The castle is on the east side the river, and is

t of R ev . . w f the proper y the W Brabazon , hose estate is separated by the river rom that of f A in w as f the Archbishop o rmagh . The palace Drogheda repaired a ter the Restoration

by Primate Bramhall, and subsequently enlarged by Primate Margetson , and continued the f t residence o the Primate until the appointmen of Archbishop Boulter . The prominent part w hich that prelate took in the government of the country made it more convenient for — — him to reside in or near Dublin , and in this practice most injurious to the Church he w as

w H oadel . D follo ed by his successors, y and Stone During this period the palace at ro w as ff o n ow f f gheda su ered to g to ruin , and there is considerable di ficulty in tracing its ormer

site . Archbishop Hampton seemed to have been the first prelate w ho made any arrangements f r b e 300 for o fixing the Episcopal residence at Armagh , and separated acres mensal lands . Nothing further w as done untilPrimate Marsh rebuilt a house in Armagh as a residence for o f o t himself and his successors . From some mistake a lessee the Archbishop g possession o f s n o t ft £ 300 i the house, and Primate Lind ay could recover it, but le to ass st in procuring

f w . w o . a residence , on condition the lease not being rene ed to the tenant, Mr Da son The ’ fi f r w as o . house recovered , but remained in a very un t state the Primate s residence When D d r. Robinson came to Armagh he built a handsome palace in the lan s separated by Hamp It is munificen ce of n ton . greatly to be regretted that the liberality and Primate Robinso w as not guided by good taste or by any respect for the ancient remains of the country to w of b ad of old a hich he had been removed . When Bishop Ferns he part the venerable c t hedral w w o f pulled do n , in order to build the alls the churchyard, and he surrounded the f o f w . . ruins the ancient abbey at Armagh ith the farm o fices , The late Primate , Lord J G f f Beres ord, expended large sums of money in endeavouring to remove the original de ects , ~

f . f d n o w en but many o them are incurable The arm yard is remove , and the Abbey is

ff of . how closed, so as not to o end the good taste or good feeling the visiter The Abbey,

a w . ever, is very rude structure, ithout any pretensions to architectural beauty

THE CITY OF ARMAGH ONE HUNDRE D YEARS AGO .

D f B N D . . o t o a IO ARD ROBINSO , , Bishop Kildare, succeeded the Prim cy by patent,

1765. dated 8th February , He is een one of the most vigilant

eland . He built the palace ’ of an d V in firmar Armagh , houses for the icars Choral , erected a public school, an y , a noble i l of public l brary , an observatory ; and also bui t several churches in the neighbourhood Armagh ,

D re heda & c. In 1777 w as of g , , he created Baron Rokeby ; and on the death his elder t h 1 4 lot 79 . brother became a Baronet . He died at Clif on near Bristol on October , His w as w as w body brought to Ireland , and interred in his Cathedral at Armagh , here a marble ' ’ * ch d e ollekin s w f w bust , the ef ouevr of N , has been erected to his memory ith the ollo ing

inscription beneath, on a mural tablet

N ollekins n n t he u of an m r s ua H w as son of s F N lo g e j oyed rep tation ad i able tat ry. e Jo eph . olle “ kins an s of A w w ho w n un s d in E n . Cun i h m his L s of t he , arti t nt erp, , he y o g , ettle ngla d n ng a in ive ” Scu t s sa s u N ollekins w as w of mm and s he w as od lp or , y that altho gh holly ignorant gra ar pelling, go

in s s ut c l in b s s . A t his h he f ss tatue , b ex el ent u t deat le t no le than r u n 0 1 1 1 U L a n m a u n u u n n u u u n n u 1 n n n o A U U .

J uxt a situs est rdus R ica Robinson , Baro de Rokeby huj usque Ecclesiae per t rigin t a fere an nos A rchiepis copus Quo in mun ere ob eun do ingenu liberi et perspicacis egregium prest it it exemplar A vun culo suo et Patrono Johannes Robin son ej usdem Ecclesia haud ita pridem A rchdiacon us L (ugens) M ( on umen t um) P( osuit ) oct ob ris d 17 4 obiit die ecimo , 9 o t a c es s t um . ex d 1802 . Bacon , sculptor . Annum agens g Lon on , l of Church f w h A marble bust of him is also p aced in the Library Christ , Ox ord , to hic f him t he College b e had been a most generous bene actor, and a portrait of is preserved in

Hall . nificen ce f w To the mu of nearly all the Archbishops since the Re ormation , Armagh o es w as very much , but her great benefactor and restorer Richard Robinson . Immediately V ’ aft er his promotion b e repaired the Cathedral , and presented to the icars Choral a fin e * l of . t oned organ , incased in b ack oak , exquisitely carved, bearing the arms the donor f w The unhappy ate hich this venerable instrument met deserves to be recorded . Whilst w as t he w as 1834 the Cathedral undergoing repair, organ taken in pieces in the year , and ’ w re carefully placed in apartments over the stables in the Primate s demesne, here it could

- . re of 1840 ceive neither damp nor injury Previous to the opening the Cathedral in , Lord ’ f V t he J . G . Beres ord , late Primate , presented (at the expense of the icars Choral) to fo r use n ew Dean and Chapter the of the Cathedral a organ , built by the celebrated Wal f ker, of London , containing all the im provements of the day . This splendid gi t enabled in 1841 in of Te n the Primate, , to have the old instrument put up the concert room the “ ” s f t he f of of w h tine for the u e o members and riends the Armagh Musical Society, hic f as . his Grace w patron On the dissolution of this Society some time a ter, this instrument D — the gift of Primate Robinson to the ean and Chapter of Armagh w as sold to the Wes o f f w n f leyan Methodists Bel ast , here, by a strange fatality on the eveni g of its first per orm

w as s ic it ur ad astm . an ce, it consumed by fire ; a w re According to an unpublished census of the city of Arm gh , to hich is annexed the of f for in 1770 ligion and occupation each individual , care ully made out Primate Robinson , — 2 3 16 1 1 209 . 502 there w ere Church families, ; Presbyterians, ; Roman Catholics, Total , . - 174 - 75 - 68 Bi Population in Market Street, ; English Street, ; Little Meeting Street, ; g - 108 40 - 141 Meetin g Street , ; Street leading to Common (Mall) , ; Abbey Street, ; Scotch ’ 2 7 53 33 - 207 Street , 6 ; Church Lane, ; Pound Hill (Vicars Hill) , ; Callan Street, Castle 5 23 - 265 N ew - 122 Street, 13 ; Mass Lane , ; Irish Street, ; Street, ; Charter School Lane , - 16 50. 1885. 108 ; Abbey Lane, ; Lane off Irish Street, Total number, few ffi It may not be out of place here to put on record the names of a of the city o cials , w ith their residence

- Johnsto ne . Market Street, Thomas , Gaoler ; J Richardson , Hearth Money Supervisor ;

n ne . . ohnst on e T . J oh st o , Mathematician to Free School ; Mr Holland , ditto ; T J , Deputy - Greuber . Post Master ; English Street, Dr . , Master of Royal School ; R Crump, Usher to - w . ohn st one same ; R . Sutton , To n Sergeant ; Wm J , Apparitor ; Abbey Street, E . Hand,

” See o of c d s of t he G A s mb : e B. R u . A Sensuous w edge " rep rt pro ee ing eneral s e ly (R v. J ento l)

8t h un 1872. J e, 72 rroroe m p n rcan nass ancn s s .

R v w e . R v . e . Licensed School Master ; Wido Barnes , Sextoness ; W Lodge, R . English ,

V . Josias Boucher, icar Choral ; A Shannon , breeches maker .

: . . Pound Hill J Mosson , Proctor ; R Barnes , Organist ; Thomas Crolly , Pound keeper ; - D - - . J . Rooks , old Dancing Master ; Irish Street , Brennan , Pump maker ; Scotch Street , A . ‘ - - M C ulla h D . N e w . . V B urleigh , Weigh Master ; J g , Registrar ; S treet , E Justice , erger ;

Tom Moorehead , Dancing Master ; Charter School Lane , A . Ball , School Master ; Lane off

- - Irish Street, R . Davison , grave digger .

in 1765 w few w The houses Armagh about the year , ith very exceptions , ere cottages

w w w . w thatched ith rushes and stra , and ere not contiguous The citizens ere obliged to g o to th e neighbouring village of Richhill to purchase groceries and decent clothing ; and w for of it is said that letters ere transmitted through that village the people Armagh .

1772 o f Lisn adill w w About the year , the churches , Grange , Camlough , and Ne to nhamilton w f f v w ere built by Primate Robinson on lo ty hills, commanding beauti ul ie s of the country ” o f o f f u thus reminding us the song the Psalmist, Her oundations are pon the holy hills . ’ f o f Nineteen years be ore Primate Robinson s arrival , the city Armagh is thus described ’ ” Gazet eer n ow v in Salmon s , once a considerable city, reduced to a small illage . “ ” in Mr . John Davidson , his Notices, Historical and Typographical , informs that Primate Robinson appropriated a certai n sum w hich w as further augmented by sub script ion s from the Dean and Chapter to the repairs of the Cathedral . In 1766 he slated f r t h u o e . 1782 w the Nave , and fitted it p celebration of Divine Service In , rites the same w o f gentleman , Primate Robinson had determined to build a to er to the Cathedral Armagh o f f w w w w as similar to that Magdalen College , Ox ord ; but hen the to er, hich to have been 101 f in 60 f f of s m elevated eet height , had been raised eet above the roo the Church , y p

of w a t he w . toms giving y , by an over pressure appeared in lo er portion w f t he w as Precautions ere instantly taken , and a ter due deliberation Primate induced by f o f w the ears some old ladies , hose alarms prevented them from continuing to attend —t o n ew w w f of Divine Service order the to er to be pulled do n even to the roo the building , from w hence it sprang . I n 1784 mun ificent w , this prelate gave directions to have the to er rebuilt as nearly as w o f t w o w w of possible like the original , ith the exception having indo s instead one , on each f w f w w w side o the to er . The our arches hich support the to er ere at the same time almost u w built p and reduced so much that they measured probably not more than t elve feet high , f t w u w w w as f by eigh t ee ide . The space nder the to er, around hich a gallery , ormed the of w entrances to the East ( Parish Church) and West ends the Cathedral , as ell as to the ’ w - Bishop s Court in the South transept . A inding stairs on the South West side led to the l organ loft and gal ery for the Choir . The death of this Primate prevented him carrying into execution the erection of a grand w f of to er at the West end o th e church . The inhabitants Armagh have not done justice f of w to the memory of their great benefactor . He ound their city a nest mud and attle H e f w of b . cottages , and he le t it adorned ith public buildings great architectural eauty distributed upw ards o f in these and other noble w orks w ithout the remotest idea of f ft f s of to the present or future interest himsel or family, and has le un ading monument v t h 179 5 of . w 7 irtue , benevolence , and patriotism Under his ill , dated April, , a sum w as of a late Irish currency , bequeathed to the trustees First Fruits, to be pplied upon certain trusts fo r the building of glebes in the Diocese o f Armag h ; to assist o f w o f for w c in building a Chapel Ease , ith an acre g round its site, bet een the barra ks and o f the Royal School to the County Infirmary ; to the Corporation Armagh , £ 200 t o f rO er , in rust , that they may advance a sum money on a p p security to any trades man o r art ificer that w ill engag e to settle in the city of Armagh on the expiration of their a p £ 200 of £ 200 for prenticeships to the charitable loan Armagh , and to the Dean the poor

EA B H E T O PO GRA PH I C A L B ES C S .

200 u Sir Hans Sloane , an Irishman , freely bequeathed to the nation vol mes of plants , o f w minerals and other specimens great value in natural history, ith his library o f f y s olect ed a care ull volumes , and rare m nuscripts , besides his 30 years income t t f his . y e to English charities And in tha M useum , ounded by sagacity and enriched by a of " his labours , there stands no m rble statue the noble man A picture or t w o are his — Sic t rans it loria mun di only memorials g . We are unfortunately deprived o f t he only means of ascertaining anything of the internal 1731 all arrangements and government of Armagh previous to th e year , as authentic docu w ments and records ere either lost or destroyed during the great w ars of 159 8 and11641

t he o f 1688 w of . o f and revolution , hen the soldiers James I I and adherents William III . in f t he w d e ‘ o . t h turn had possession city We are, ho ever, much in ebt d to e late Leonard li . for ub c of o of Dobbin , Esq , presenting to the p library the original book , pr ceedings the of 19 1731 182 Sovereign and G rand Jury Armagh , from January , to 3. This old record of - not only preserves the names the principal inhabitants and trades people , but also gives us w u the gradual changes and improvements that ere introduced d ring that period . The large f y . i sums of mone expended rom year to year in repairing and sinking pumps, cleans ng and w w u - w sinking ells , flagging , paving , making se ers , channels , and putting p lamp posts, ould l w for t he ex eri ead us to the inevitable conclusion that th e orthy citizens then , first time, p

u w . s need the lux ry of having clean streets . and flagged path ays We shall give one extract f f f w rom the book in re erence to that use ul and domestic S ine, as w e must feel indebted to the determination o f our predecessors in having driven back to their settlements t f w ho w w ar w - his un ortunate race, it appears had hitherto aged against ell paved streets in this ancient city . “ 20 w f ma April , hereas a ormer presentment de in the corporation , the Grand Jury d f 6s . 8 w o presented any person in that kept s ine out a stye , so as to injure their neigh bours and w hereas several persons suffer their s w ine to run through the streets and even

f w e f 1 s . to damni y their neighbours g ardens ; there ore present 3 4d. to be levied eff each per “ ” ~ w son k eeping s w ine or pigs out o f a stye from this day for ard. ’ n o w -a- fat orcus f f To see days , a p rolling and enjoying himsel in our ashionable thorough f w rare avis an d ff rare fo ares and squares ould , indeed , be a , a ord sport r the arabs of our city . MOY RE THE PASS .

the r t he w o C arrickb road HIS is name of an old oad extending across to nland f , parish ' o f K illeav a n of Orier an d u of 300 a f y , B ro y , Co nty Armagh , about p ces rom the bound ' ’ ' of of . of ueen Elizab et h w ary the Counties Louth and Armagh In the time Q , e read ’ f e w that, rom the M yre Pass, as the entry to that valley is called , hich lies under Slieve Gullion , u w o f w f r D w O ’ N ill and thro gh hich the line rail ay , a te leaving undalk, enters the Fe s, Hugh e , ' ’ a t o w of h. of Earl Tyrone, retre ted th e Black ater, near Armag The ruins a small castle are still to be seen here on the North of the pass . ' ’ ’ ‘ F n s M r son e o ( the traveller, and Lord Deput Mountjoy s secretary w ho ives a y | y y ) , g

‘ ' i e o f t he ex idit ion o f o i Uls ’ m nut account p M untjoy nto ter, calls this lace B aZlinemo rc ' p , ' y nd‘ s w n and N w a de cribes it as bet ee Dundalk e ry . ’ of f f On an old map Ulster, preserved in the State Papers O fice , London , the ortificatio ns erected by Lord Moun tjoy (on this occasion) are marked under the name of The Castle and

” ‘ ‘ “ ” t o f t he M oierie t of t he r causi f M i i e o o er e . w as For Pace, and par _ oad the The castle ’ in 1 34 w n D O D standing in good preservation 8 he r. onovan examined this locality w ith ' _ o n ow B t her a M hai hre t . g rea care Th e r ad is called o g , and is still traceable at Jones h w o f boroug , near the boundary bet een the Counties Louth and Armagh . A little to the ut of t he railw av s 1601‘ t u t he So h mav be een the castle built by Lord Mountjoy in o sec re pass . n F I GH T A T TH E M Y RE A N N 1 zr n O 600. , O

his . 1 . 407 Cox , in history of Ireland , vol , p , states that the Deputy (leaving a garrison 3rd 159 4 w t he w at Armagh) , on the July , , marched nine miles to ards Ne ry but being sup w he 5t h t h plied ith victuals , returned to Armagh on , and marched to Monaghan on 7 , and f M re o o . afterw ards to the Pace the y , and so to Dundalk and Dublin ’ The first record of Ballinamoy ree made in Pynes M o ry son s I t inerary is under Anno 34 w w 59 9 . 1 . f 1 , lib , p , here he rites And to the same end Tyrone had made strong ast w u of u nesses or intrenchments, as ell pon the passages Lo gh Foyle, and Ballyshannon ( w here h e left forces to resist the English garrisons to be sent thither) as at the Black w ater B allinamo ree w w w of and y , bet een Dundalk and the Ne ry , here he hoped to make some the f f of w best to drop , and a ter to all back at his pleasure to like fights advantage, hich he had w prepared at the. Black ater .

T H E I GH T A T TH E M OY R E B A A CH N A M H A I GH R E A N N 1600 F ( E L ) , O .

5t h w Mor son w On the May , rites y , the Lord Deputy dre into the North parts, to make w f Ty rone look to ards him , and so to give better acility to our men to settle themselves in f f f F . m o r g arrison at Lough oyle But be ore his departure ro Dublin , the better governing

f . and de ending the Pale , his lordship did by commission leave Sir H Poore to command in ff fe w Treda h w a all martial a airs . And staying some days at g , for the companies hich h d t w for of for vic ualled Philipsto n , and th e garrisons Kells and Ardee, as also victuals, he D w w he P he marched to undalk , hence, taking that garrison also ith him , passed the ace of t M o re on w w ao y Whit Sunday morning , and so came to the Ne ry , here he understood that, f f w as cording to his Opinion , Tyrone, turning his orces rom Lough Foyle , come in great D o f w w haste to ung annon , had razed the old Fort Black ater, burned Armagh , and had dra n his men into the strong fastness of Lo ughlurken ( n o w Loughlurg an) w here w ith great industrie t he the rebels had made trenches and fortified place some three miles in length . His lordship to f w l6t h w o f w the ormer end advancing to ards him , on the May , dre out the Ne ry , and encamped

w a w w f 200 . in the y to ards Armagh ith oot , and some horse And there having notice that f w o f the rebels enquired a ter the time hen the Earl Southampton , Sir Oliver Lambert, and - w w ithall Sergeant Major ere to come to the army , and hearing that the said Earl and Ser an t - w da D d of 17 j e Major ere that y arrived at undalk , his lor ship, earl y in the morning the th

M a . w w 500 50 y , sent Capt Ed ard Blayney ith foot and horse to secure their passag e through h t he M o re w ho f M o re Fa t e Pace of y , marched rom the camp, and so through the y to the g l w as f w h . hard , rom hic hill to Dunda k there no danger There he made a stand , and , leav in f t w o of 250 f w g his oot in squadrons each , himsel ith the horse passed to Dundalk , and o f f t he f told the earl the orces Lord Deputy had sent to conduct him , assuring him urther w w m t w o o f f that his lordship , ith the rest of the army, ould eet him by the clock in the a ter f w w b at h h f M n at t he t e o o re . oon , causey beyond the pace, rom hich the hole pace name the y t he w f o f H ereupon Earl , having ith him , besides this convoy , th e oot companies Sir Oliver F oll ot 50 o f y Lambert and Sir Henry y , and some horses voluntar gentlemen , marched to Fa hart w o f t he t w o the g , here he commanded one squadrons above mentioned to march on , w f w f w and after th at th e carriages ; then his lordship ith the horse ollo ed , a ter hom the se ' o f t w o f o f Lam cond squadron marched , and , last all , the oot companies Sir Oliver b ert an d

Foll ot . v Sir Henry y Captain Blayney, commanding the anguard , advanced to the Four mile w at e r f w w o f d , being a ord all environed ith oods , in the middest this angerous pace A n d w f-a- of d Mo re . called the y , coming ithin hal mile the same , they iscovered the rebels in w w t he w on both sides the ood , hereupon the Earl directed vanguard to pass over the ater and to make good t he rising o f the hill beyond it . When these became w ithin a musket shot t hey perceived 200 foot o f the enemy lodged beyond the w ater in the most advant ageou d i l . on places Then Captain Blayney ivided his men nto three manip es, sending sixty the 76 TOPOGB A PH I CA L aasnA n cn as .

f right hand under Captain H . Atherton , and as many on the li t hand under Captain Wil

' w f. A n d liams , his lieutenant, and keeping the rest in the midst ith himsel so by the Ser ’ - an t M . j e ajor s directions they gave the charge In the meantime, the Lord Deputy being o n o f t w o the hill beyond the pace, had sent his vanguard , consisting regiments , the one M or s on t w under Sir Charles Percy, and the other under Sir Richard y ( o colonels of the w w army) , to advance to ards the pace . And at this instant , hen Captain Blayney gave on ’ t he f w upon the rebels , the said Lord Deputy s vanguard appeared on le t side, ithi n t w o

musket shot . After some volleys on either side , the rebels on the right h and and those f w right be ore Captain Blayney quitted those places, and retired through the oods to the Earl ’ f n w m o Southampton s rear, so as Captai Blayney , passing the ater, ade a stand there as he

w as . n o appointed to do , till the carriage and horses should be passed And w the Lord De ’ a of w p ty s vanguard , being come to the passage the said ater, maintained a resolute skir ’ w f 00 mish ith the rebels on the le t hand , and altogether secured the Earl s tr ps on that side . f 100 w The rebels , thus beaten on both sides, le t some shots to skirmish ith the Lord De ’ ’ ut s p y vanguard , and all retired to the Earl of Southampton s rere, and came desperately w f Foll o t on our men both ith horse and oot . But Sir Henry y made a very good stand ; f d u a and Sir Oliver Lambert, earing lest our men should be distresse , the more to enco r ge o w n w of f them , took his colours in his hand , and together ith some thirty the Earl o South ’ ’ am t on s w p vanguard s best men , sent back to the rere, hastened to ards the assailants to se E w ho w cond the arl , at that time ith some six horse did charge the assailing rebels and m u w beat the a m sket shot back , still pursuing them , till they, having spent their po der, w and thro n their staves, darts, and innumerable stones, recovered the place, w here Tyrone stood h imself w ith some 220 horse and 200 foot in sight (besides a far greater number hid w in the w oods) hich never came into this sight . When our men had thus gained much w y ground , the Earl commanded them to march to ards the arm , and presently Sir Richard W in field of o f m w f g , the Marshall the army Ireland , came to the ith order rom the Lord D t w eputy tha since the repulsed rebels ere not like to give any second charge, they should ’ w w continue their march , follo ing his lordship s troops directly to the Ne ry . In this con flict 20 o f w C heut w our men ere slain , Captain Atherton and Master ere shot, and some ’ f w w w in e hurt w ith s w ords and such eapons . On the rebels side there ere all foot thus advantageously lodged and 220 horse ; and Tyrone himself confessed that t en of his

men w - w w ~ died ith over travelling in this hasty march , besides such as ere killed , hose num

ber could not certainly be learned .

o n 28th of w The Lord Deputy, hearing the May that Tyrone had dra n back his men ‘ t w o f f f t hat t he of M o re miles urther into the astness , and being in ormed Pace the y , by rea o f w et f off w as r son much lately allen and the rebels breaking the causey, hard to pass, e f D w u turned by Carling ord Pace to D undalk , and so to ublin , here he nderstood that the ft for f of rebels had in his absence burned the Pale, though he le de ence it foot an d 1 w as w for 75 horse in Leinster ; but the damage not ans erable to the clamour, many pri vate men have in England sustained greater loss by casual fire in time of peace than the ’ w w ar n hole Pale had done by the enemys burning in , and ma y private men in England have in one year lost more cattle by the rot than the Pale lost by this spoy lin g of the t s o l rebels of w hich they lamentably complained . Besides tha indeed this burning and p y in o f f w w a g the very Pale did urther the greatest end of finishing the ars, no y so likely to e f b brought to an end as by a general amine .

n 14 1600 O the th September, , the same author states that the Lord Deputy began 5 l of Fa hard another journey into the North , and on the 1 th encamped at the hil g , three 9 th of e miles beyond the Dundalk, and there his lordship lay till the Octob r, in such ex w hin dred w o t remit ies of w eather as ould have his passage, if the enemy had not ithst od ’ w et b w w . his him , his lordship s tent being continually , and often lo n do n Before lordship TH E n e r A T TH E M Y R E A N N 1600. a O , O 77

w M o re f came, Tyrone ith his uttermost strength had possessed the y , being a strong ast he t ness as any of the rebels had, but his lordship resolved to march over him if s opped w a w n o t f his y , and make him kno that his kerne could keep the ortifications against the ’ f o ut t w o Quee n s forces . Many skirmishes ell happily to us , and several days the enemy e o f w t u 8 of w ere beat n out their trenches ith g rea loss, till at last, pon the th day October, they left the passag e clear .

f w as . fe w f d Then , a ter the army a days re reshed at Dundalk , his lor ship marched the f w M o re w all l t day o October to the Ne ry , passing through the y , here he caused the ’ w w o n rebels trenches to be laid flat to the ground, and the oods to be cut do n both sides of the place . f ff vo l o . 1 . Cox gives a more descriptive account this a air ( , p The Lord Lieutenant A u 2 6 14t h returned to Dublin g . , and on September began another journey into the North . F a hard w w in On 2ot h he encamped at g , here his army being mustered , ere list but f w f 300 . w as o l by poll, oot and horse He by extremity eather detained there til the lst of October . ’ m O N eill f o f of a t he In the eantime had possessed himsel the Pass the Moyr , but on f f w 9 t h 2nd and 5th o October the English skirmished so success ully ith them , that on the t t f w w w hey quit ed the astness ; hereupon Mountjoy cut do n the oods on both sides , and f D on 2 ls t o f w having re reshed his army at undalk , October he marched to the Ne ry , f n f w here for w ant o victuals he stayed till the 2 d o November . 14 1601 w e it f Under th May , , have recorded that the army dislodged rom the Faugh M o re f f w w w ard, and leaving the y ort de ensible , ith ardens to guard it , and the orkmen , w o f being to build a to er or keep stone , they marched eight miles , and encamped at Car n w o f w y 1 02 D in rickba e . 6 , a little North ard the Ne r In , th e Lord eputy arrived the t f t he for and Nor h , be ore general hosting the year could be in readiness , and cleared as s as o f M o re w o f w ured the p sage the y , by cutting do n most part th e oods and building a f t . w w . ort here From thence he ent to Armagh , here he placed a garrison From this time w e read o f nothing remarkable o f this place until th e submission of o f w f fo r Tyrone and subjugation the rebels, hich rendered this ortress no longer necessary

t he ls . f o f in e o f I . Eng i h interests And so , a ter the settlement Ulster the r ign James , w t his castle as permitted to crumble to ruins . s C ambden d ffi b e Thi Pass , according to , is by nature the most i cult in Ireland , and s s t he w f ide , rebels had ith great art and industry obstructed it by ences, stakes, hurdles, s o s o f w w t ne , and clods earth , as it lies bet een the hills , oods, and bogs on both sides , and had s w . w w as b ad al o lined it ith soldiers Moreover, the eather very , and the great rains w f fo r s w . hich had allen some day together had made the rivers overflo , and to be impassible A s so as w f w a on the aters ell , the English opened their y through this passage and the f w t w f had ences i h great courage and not ithstanding all the di ficulties they to encounter, t e t e mem w h y bea back the y , and marched to ards Armagh . The as t — k w f in c le standing on a solid roc , ith our square sides, and about forty yards f — l i o f circum erence is partial y in ruins . The ground floor conta ns nine portholes rather al d m sm l imensions, and the second landing about the same number . Fro its eminence or h s of w igh po ition it commands a long range the Pass, or old road , bet een Dublin and Bel fas w t . At this peculiar spot , it is said , frequent robberies and murders ere committed t he o n place being solitary, and buried either side by larg e shelving mountains . In the ro s d s f d w as g und a joining the castle numerous small leaden ball are oun , as if a great battle fou a ght round it . “ ’ The Rev . a s Dr . Davis, in his di ry of King William s progre s to the Boyne

w 26t h . w e as s rites June In the morning decamped, and , going over Poins P , w e a w a s b d i c me to Ne ry, and p s ing the ri ge, pitched our tents on a h ll beyond the H 78 TO POGR APH I CAL B ESEA B C ES .

in us w w a w as to w n . The king lay a small tent by , being ell assured that our y open t o

D undalk . “ w M o re w 27t h . if We marched from Ne ry over the Pass at y , here the enemy, they

S for . had any pirit , might easy have stopt us some time About ten of the clock w e saw Bedlo w Dundalk , and passing the river near Castle , and going over the ground of the last w e w w encampment , pitched , a mile beyond the to n , on the same ground here King James f . n o w w o f lay last year E ven , ith the advantage derived rom the clear state the country ,

M o re f . y Pass might be sti fly contested The ground at both sides slopes g radually , leaving w in t the Pass narro , and the centre stands the abrup crag , bearing the broken to w er b in 1600 erected y Lord Mountjoy , as a stronghold against the Ulster Irish , . o f w e f o f With regard to the maintenance this place, find rom an entry the Patent Rolls — — , 06 I . f w w for . 16 A . D t w James , th at th e ollo ing places ere set apart its support The o nes , a k hillo u ra h w o odes &c. of C rric b rada h D e O t O hillst ra ht D roment landes , , , g , rumm d , g g , g g , y ,

o f F eede . o f M and a parcel the , situate nigh to the N and West parts the oun t ain e of the A rdma h w — F eede in the County g hich lands are thus bounded , viz . , From th e river called w -w s e e o f of F eede the Flo er mill ater , untill to , and by the top the Mountain the , until th e illmas a art of Mo re river K g , nigh the castle and in th e y in said County ; all w hich w ere for of o f M o re . assigned the better maintenance the Fort , Castle, and Warde the y w A Commission having been issued by the Lord Deputy Chichester, ith the assent o f ’ O he O H anlon K ut . for uan t it ie o f u Sir g y , , allotting a certain q land n to the said Fort and fo r s ecurit ie f w w o f & Castle the better maintenance and thereo , ithout po er allineation , &c. , c. ,

N A N D A K W R. CAPTAI WILLIAMS THE B L C ATE FORT .

HE rebellion of 159 8 had long been foreseen by English statesmen ; yet so great w as ’ the Queen s aversion to the enormous charge at tending the ordinary government o f f u her Ireland , that her ministers shrank rom urging pon the additional outlay re

uisit e fo r in . 159 4 q any considerable increase her army As early as April , , Sir George “ ” w f w Care had , romhis lodging s in the Minories , ritten a long letter to Cecil to prove , not w as how f that rebellion imminent, but a rebellion , to be success ul , ought to be, and, no ’ of O N ill w doubt w ould be conducted . His opinion e as this Tyrone having had his in w education our discipline, and naturally valiant , is absolutely and orthily reputed the best

man o f w ar o f . o f f w w u his nation The most part his ollo ers are ell trained soldiers, sing our w f of w eapons , and himsel the greatest man territory and revenue ithin the kingdom , and at this of t w fo r f f present , by reason his grea alliance, and , as ell riendship as ear, the absolute com ” f w f w mander o f all the North o Ireland . The arning o Care met w ith little attention w w some trifling supplies ere sent to the army in Ireland ; but h en the rebellion broke out, the w f of f 52 1 o f w hole orce there consisted but oot and horse, hich number about one “ ” ’ “ w use w w third ere mere Irish , ready , to the Queen s ords , to run a ay and join the ” 159 8 . w enemy against her In Sir Henry Russell succeeded Sir Wm . Fitz illiams as Lord “ D o f n f o f w ar for f eputy Irela d , and oreseeing a storm arising , applied rein orcements and f an experienced commander to be sent rom England to his assistance . It w as time "fo r the ’ o f O N eillw had 1000 f n ot o f w plans ere ripe ; h e assembled horse and oot, the ild of o w n o f w ho kerne his country , but expert soldiers , had been trained and exercised to their w o f Lo w arms , and had already served in the ars the Countries . No sooner did he hear of of N orre s w 1300 w ho the coming Sir John y , ith old soldiers , had served in Bretagne , than f o f w w he at once burst into rebellion , and seized the ort Black ater, hich commanded the

passage into the land o f Tyrone . w o f N orre s w as Ho ever, on the arrival y , he compelled to relinquish his prize ; but not until he had w asted the surrounding country and burned the to w n o f Dungannon and his

o w n . w as fo a house in it The army brought by the Lord Justice very immense, r he h d A I N WI I AM S A N D TH E B LA CK WA I' ‘ER CA PT LL FO RT .

’ w Thomond ith him Sir John Norris , the Queen s General in Ireland , and the Earl of , ( Don ’

of O Brien w f . y o ugh , son Conor ) , ith all their orces They never halted until the arrived at

w y w . Ne r , from hence they proceeded to Armagh Here they resolved not to delay until - kw t he of they should reach the Abhainn Mhor, or Blac ater, in middle Tyrone . On their m f t o t he f arch over the direct road rom Armagh this river, they beheld ortified camp , and ’ ’ t he strong battle array of th e enemy under the O N eill and O Donnell; and w hen the i w w w English army perceived th s , they remained here they ere until the next day, hen they w in of returned back t o Armagh . The Irish ent pursuit them , and pitched their camp near f f for of f w them . They remained there ace to ace the space fi teen days , ithout any attack from either side ; for the Lord Justice and his army w ere w ithin the metropolitan church of w w Armagh , engaged in erecting to ers and deepening the trenches around the to n . At the o f f of f expiration this time, the Lord Justice le t three companies soldiers to de end Armagh , he f w w in o f w and himsel returned to Ne ry ; and the Irish ent pursuit to the gate Ne ry . In w f w w a eek a ter ards the Lord Justice set out ith provisions to Monaghan , and from thence ’ he w w O N eillw as proceeded ith his army to Dublin , here, by proclamation , declared a traitor, ’ of O N eill of w Tardaren h by the name Hugh , and grand son Matthe g , the blacksmith . Jealousies broke out betw een N o rrey s and Russel : the former entered into a treaty w ith ’ ill w of w w as O N e , hich led to a series short truces, during hich Russell recalled, and Lord ” ’ w f o f w as in O il Borough , a sharp itted man and ull courage , appointed his place . N e l f of of w t had again possessed himsel the Fort Black ater, and th e Depu y at once led a force f t o it . D recover He succeeded , strengthened its ortifications , and returned to ublin, having of f o f o f confided the commanding it this time to a gallant o ficer the name Williams . Tyrone o f f again led his companies to that Fort evil omen , and the Deputy again marched to its relie . id o urn e w as w In m j y he stricken ith sudden illness and died , leaving the army w ithout a w h leader, and Ireland ithout a governor . The gallant Williams, thoug his small force w as f f f w as . hal amished , and sickness amongst them , re used to surrender the Fort The garrison “ ” ad t w w w h ea en their last horse, and ere living upon the grass that g re upon the bul arks . ’ “ w O N eill had surrounded the place on all sides , and s ore by his barbarous hand that as long as he could g et a cow from the English Pale to feed his com panies he w ould not leave ” f f-f it . Captain Williams proved himsel a brave commander , and his hal amished garrison as “ ” ’ w hoole O N eillw w ell t he sicke as the , had taught hat British soldiers could do w hen f n fi t o f . C ro t t ed fighting in righ their prince The Irish hie tai p by the lesson , and attempted f no more assaults , but vigorously set about digging trenches around the ort, and thus cut ’ o ff f m f o f f ca t ure o his e m s ro Captain Williams the orlorn hope uture sallies, and the p f ne y w of d — mares . These trenches are described as orks amazing magnitu e such as had never

b w f . w m in f yet een seen in Irish ar are They ere more than a ile length , several eet deep , ” w o f ho w ith a thorny hedge on the toppe , and connected ith vast tracts g ; every approach to t he unhappy garrison w as plashed (branches of trees partly cut o ff and bound to other for f w branch es) and rendered impassable Artillery , as the English a ter ards found to their d heavy cost , and the Irish forces so istributed that a battle under every disadvantage must C ambden f be fought by any army coming to relieve the Fort . in orms us that the state of w as o f fo r Ireland at this time very much out order, all Ulster, beyond Dundalk , except seven s w K nockfer us f garri on castles, namely Ne ry , g , Carling ord , Greencastle, Armagh , Dundrum ,

ld et w . If and O erfle , and almost all Connaught , ere revolted any man could have extricated s w t he government from its mi erable plight it ould have been Ormond . Yet even he looked ” w d f . he w ith ismay upon the unequal struggle be ore him The times , rote are more w mis erable than ever before . If our ants be not speedily supplied the w hole kingdom w ill w w d be overthro n . The garrisons every here at this moment are rea y to starve . The soldiers ” w o f in marat ime w run a ay daily , though I have hanged many them the to ns . f w as A ter much debating in the council , Captain Williams permitted to make the best he t he l Ba enall terms could , and surrender Fort ; but the so diers overruled the idea . g cried T P GRA PH CA B ES EAR C H E S O O I L .

e n w w d sham upo the timidity hich oul bring dishonour upon the army, and in sisted upon an ’ s t re- O N eill f w in ant march to victual the Fort , and drive be ore its alls . And then w as taken f t h f t w o the a al resolution of dividing the Englis orces into bodies , one t o march w ithout w g delay to the Black ater, and the other to proceed against the Cavana hs . It w as the w ish f ’ o the council that Ormond himself should undertake to deal w ith O N eill; but it chanced ’ ’ that Bagen alland O N eillw ere bitter personal foes ; O N eill had married the marshal ’ s s o f lf l a Ba si ter, and out that alliance had sprung a mutua ee ing of de dly hate . genallen t t o w him w as reated Ormond allo to meet his enemy, and it so decided . The Countess of Tyrone did not live to w itness the mortal struggle of her husband and

. 159 6 t w o s brother Her death took place in January, , year and a half before the Joracy of w the Black ater .

A N D CAPTURE OF THE CASTLE GARRISON OF ARMAGH .

’ Y w O N eillw a REVIOUS to the battle of the ello Ford , Hugh s the most po w erful o f w as f o f t all the Irish chiefs , and besides a avourite all the English cour , w here he had

for . w as w f been a considerable time Though not tall , yet, he po er ully made, and

u f . co ld endure the greatest atigue On his return to Ireland , he received the command of t w o w as f t in of w f regiments ; these he care ul to instruc the English mode ar are, and ac f b e cording as they became su ficiently expert, dismissed them to their houses and had their w 0 1 places supplied ith others . He gave fire arms to the country pe p e that they might become ao customed to their use , and by this means contrived to discipline his people and prepare them for in v w the ulterior objects he had ie . of D o f Under the pretext building a castle at ungannon , he obtained leave the council to

- f w as i import sheet lead rom England . The lead thus procured converted nto bullets : and his secret dep ot s in the North w ere plentifully supplied w ith provisions and w arlike stores of f o f . t b every description Whilst abiding his time to un url the standard revol , e displayed a l l of . 15 the caution and skill the most experienced commander At length , in the year 9 6, s uddent l off f f m w he y marched to Armagh , cut that ortress ro communication ith the other it f garrisons , and succeeded in forcing to surrender be ore Sir John Norris could arrive to its

f n of . of relie . The capture is said to have bee the result a stratagem A convoy provision ’ n f D w w as n had bee sent thither rom undalk hen Tyrone approachi g against it , and this w as f surprised by night by the Irish Chie tain , and its escort made prisoners . Tyrone ordered t he n o f o w n E glish soldiers to be stript, and clothed an equal number his men in their uni f w in of of orms, hom he posted the ruins a monastery on the Eastern side the city ( Francis ’ f C ’ can ih o on O N eill. a o f Abbey the Primate s demesne) under the command At bre k day, ’ the Earl suddenly appeared w ith a large body of his men and attacked Con s party in the i in w as ru ns . The English soldiers the castle imagined that it their convoy from Dundalk w as - of w as attacked by the Irish , and one half the garrison immediately sent out to their as si t s an ce . w i Hitherto , the sham combatants had only loaded their guns ith blank cartr dge, but w hen the soldiers of the garrison had reached the spot they w ere astounded at being o f f w attacked by both parties ; and at the same moment the rest the Irish orces, hich had

n in n m in t he . t he bee concealed the Abbey, come upo the rear Thus surrounded , English w all f w w as ere slaughtered , a ter hich Armagh surrendered , on condition that the remainder of ff r w its garrison under its commander, Francis Sta o d , should be allo ed to retire n o w f of t w o interruption to Dundalk. I shall , a ter the lapse years, give a short narrati

OF TH E W RD B A TTLE YELLO FO .

The Follow ing extract sho w s t he date of battle . “ — 159 8 14t h. Illn ew se The Lords Justice to the Privy Council, August out of Ireland .

12 us t he e f m w . 14t h t he e th of Aug t, y came ro the Ne ry to Armagh The August, y sete

T P GR A PH CA R S A R CH S 82 O O I L E E E .

’ w 2500 o f 23 u ffi contemporary riter, asserts that the Queen s soldiers , s perior o cers, and a

o f w . 34 d n umber lieutenants, ensigns and sergeants ere slain in the fight military stan ards , 1200 o f pieces gold , all the musical inst ruments , artillery and provisions w ere captured by ’ 00 w ’ Of 200 w 6 . the victors . Tyrone s troops , ere slain and ounded The part o f th e Queen s w w w h army hich escaped the slaughter ent back to Armagh , eagerly pursued by the Irish , o “ b ‘ continued to slay them y pairs , threes , scores and thirties , until th ey passed w ithin the ”

w o f . w alls the city The Irish then besieged th e to n , and surrounded it on every side . Both armies continued to fire at each other fo r three days and three nights ; at t he expiration o f w t hich the English ceased , and sen messengers to their opponents to say that they w ould f w if w w ho w w surrender the ort at the Black ater, the ardens ere stationed in it ere suffered w l to come unmolested to them to Armagh , and that on arriving there they . ou d leave the f if f out o f city itsel , they should be granted quarter and escorted in sa ety that country into

f r . w a sa e ter itory To these conditions th e Irish agreed , and the captain and ardens came to o f w ho Armagh to join th at portion the English had survived the slaugh ter . They w ere f w an d f all then escorted rom Armagh to Ne ry , rom thence to the English territory . This o f A t bbuidbe w as f lat h u t 159 8 f of battle ought on A gus , , and the chie s Ulster returned to

their respective homes in joyous triumph , although they lost many men . o f B aalan at ha buidlze 13a o f w f The site this battle , , th e mouth the yello ord , is indicated “ ” o n o f y w D an old map the country , l ing bet een Lough Erne and undalk , preserved in the ’ ffi ban ks o t he river Callan . o f State Papers O ce , London , as on the f , to the N E . the city f Ball mackillo w n f w w o . w Armagh The place is called y , and the ollo ing ords are ritten across ” e B a enallw as . t o n the spot Here Sir H nry g slain This undoubtedly is the spo , the site ” o f w . . far w hich Stuart , J Curry , and oth ers speculated so much Not distant , rites Stuart , “ ’ M llin r f f B u u e . . o w rom these ruins ( ishops court , at N E the city) is the place hich Speed ’ M ackilloran w o f K illo t ir of b O Sulliv calls , hich is probably the site Church , spoken y an and w w u other Irish riters . Speed , ho ever, cannot be relied pon , as his maps are cro w ded w ith in M ackillo ran for M ackillo un e fi typographical errors , as this instance , inserting , and K a n ’ “ f O D on o van m o f n o w o r . Kalin (river) says , the na e Ballinaboy is applied to a small b o in w o f marsh or cut g , situate the to nland Cabra ( goat land) , about a mile and three

quarters to the north o f the city of Armagh . A short distance to th e north o f this b og “ ’ ” w - w is stands a hite thorn bush , locally called the great man s thorn . hich said t o have

of Ba en all. w ho been planted near the g rave Marsh all g Captain Tucker, surveyed this o f for of part Ireland th e Ordnance Survey , has marked the site this battle on the Ordnance

map by t w o s w ords in saltier and the date 159 8 . of f o f D of 1600 On the appointment Lord Mountjoy to the o fice Lord eputy Ireland in , in D m w o f Ty rone returned haste to ungannon , and arching on ith the hope arresting Mount of w b joy s progress , he raised the old Fort Black ater, burnt Armagh , and distri uted his m en in t h e f o f Lurkin w astnesses Lough ( or Lurgan , near Silver Bridg e) , here h e threw f o f u & c. 24 h p entrenchments , , constructed rude ortifications, a line three miles in extent, on t f w . f June The year ollo ing the Lord Deputy proceeded to Tyrone, and , a ter having re- of w d w o ff built and g arrisoned the Fort Black ater, he re his army and returned to d o f d w . Armagh , here he received espatches from the court Englan ’ To such extremities w as O N eillreduced after the defeat o f the ins urgan t s in the South of on 6t h 1603 w n Ireland , that the April, , he rene ed his submissio to King James I . in th e made t o w same terms as he j Queen Elizabeth , and at the same time he rote a letter to the o f w King Spain , acquainting him ith his submission , requesting him to send back his son

w ho for . Henry, h ad been some time resident at the Spanish court The Lord Deputy gave him a n e w protection to serve till he had sued out his pardon ; and he w as sent back to his o w n f f f country to settle the same , and to keep his riends and ormer con ederates in better ” w as w o f order . Thus the great rebellion , hich , tormenting the latter years Queen Elizabeth , h ad called fo r an unexampled expenditure o f English money and blood ; w hile it agitated SI TE OF TH E B A TT L OF B A N A B OR W F R ELL OY, YELLO O D .

o f fi h every part Ireland and reduced its nest provinces to a desert , broug t at length to a M or s on f 10t h 159 8 of close . y estimates the expenditure rom October, , to the last March , 0 o f £ 1 d 16 3, exclusive extraordinaries, at no less than , , The year previous , Lor o f C harle 1n o n t M oun t o w Mountjoy built the Forts , j y , ith several smaller castles . ’ A f w ar o f O Don n ell w ter the Elizabeth , Roderick , g oing into England ith Lord Mountjoy , w as r o f T rcon n ell in 1607 w as f o n w c eated Earl y ; but , , he deprived thereo , hich occasion ’ O N e ill f 1n f fied 14t h and . he , a ter h aving vain attempted a resh insurrection , on the Sept t f f c n fis to the con inent , never to return , leaving their lands and estates to or eiture and o it o f w as cation . Thus happened th at th e project , called the Plantation Ulster, carried into

ff w . w as e ect, by hich James I enabled to divide among English and Scottish settlers ’ ’ " ’ ’ ’ ’ t o f O N eills D O lleill s acres , the ancient erritories the , O onnell s , y Maguire s , D Do n e all f 1n . and other chie s Tyrone, erry, gD , Fermanagc h , Cavan and Armagh o f t w o f Irelan d w h The sudden flight th e Earls illed it astonishment , and caused an ’ g O D n n extraordinary sensation throu hout Catholic Europe . o ell died shortly after h e ’ i n 1608 b ut O N eill on f d reached Rome , dragged a pain ul and miserable existence, and ied w w f blind and broken do n ith his g uilt and mis ortunes, on July

A Y SITE OF THE BATTLE OF BELL NABOY, OR ELLOW FORD .

o f o f w HE Site the Battle the Yello Ford , as pointed out by local tradition and w t o f authenticated by men ell versed in Irish his ory , admits some debate, and I shall d w endeavour to prove that the spot so long recogb nize as the place here the English B a en allfe w as C ab ra h in P o f commander, Sir Henry g ll not at g , the arish Grange , but at a place ’ Ba en all5 f o w nlan ds of D near g Bridge ( called a ter the general) , separating th e T rumcullen and Tir arve f w w n g , and on the direct road to the ort erected on the Black ater, here the E glish Gen ’

"w as O N eill. era proceeding to meet the rebel , Hugh In thus attem pting to remove landmarks m w w ade by ch roniclers and historians , as ell as to doubt local tradition , the riter subjects himself to criticism ; but he trusts th at in pursuing this bold course it w ill eventually lead to an examination o f facts w hich may decide the uncertainty that prevails not only as to “ ” o f o f w but in the proper site th e battle the Yello Ford , other interesting places and around this ancient city . ’

I t he o f . O D on o van 159 8 f w n annals th e Four Masters , Dr , under , has the ollo ing note The site o f this battle is shew n on an old map o f the country lying betw een Lough Erne ffi o f and Dundalk , preserved in the State Papers O ce, London , as on the banks the river l - t o f o f Ball mackilloune Cal an , to the north eas the City Armagh , the place is called y , and the follo w ing w ords are w ritten across the spot

’ M a s w a n H Sir H . Ba en all of N w as s . ere g , r hall e ry, l i

f b uidhe — an lice — n o w The name o Beal an atha g , Bellanaboy is applied to a small marsh bo w of - or cut out g , situated in the to nland Cabragh , about one mile and three quarters to c w h f f . . o o t he nort h of th e city o Armagh Captain Tucker, E surveyed this part Ireland f of Ma t w o or the ordnance survey , has marked the site this battle on the Ordnance p by s w in salt ier a 159 8. ords , and the d te “ ‘ ’ ’ o f w A little to the north this small marsh , nearly opposite Watt s cottagD e , a hite t horn bush 1s (g ravely) pointed out as the spot w here Sir Henry Bagen allw as buried and ‘ ’ ’ called The great man s thorn . B a en all w as t he Sir Henry g not buried here , for according to accounts given by Cor B llin s Fet e lace H w 1n Jc u o f w e . ronel y g , F p and Captain a es the r ey the Black ater taken f t h o f — in rom e State Papers Queen Elizabeth the retreat of the army to Armagh , they ” t f . garded he deade bodys o the Marshall, to Armagh T P GRA PH A nas xn 84, O O I C L a cn s s .

In 1872 w o f A 1ma h , hen removing some earth from the South transept the g Cathedral fo r o f n ew a w in o f w the purpose lay ing seats , sever l skulls ere raised , one hich w as dis a i f w w covered hole n the oreh ead such as ould be made by a large bullet , and ans ering the d 111 oin e w w as n e w t hrow t h f escri ption and his g g do ne he slay ith a shott his 01ehead . ’ ’ O N e ill w e 1e A s and the Marshall at enmity , tis very probable that the Earl w ould not ’ w d w comply ith the petition to have the bo y removed to St . Patrick s , Ne ry , and thus the f s t w us rem ains o Sir Henry re ith in the Armagh Cathedral . w M 0 11 l6t h A u . t o f ar : Liefe t n a the g , days a ter the battle , Whitechurch , e n t o f the ’ a w Marshall s horse troop and John Lee , Secretary to th e M rsh all , ent to the Chaunter o f Ar m w ho w as w en t reat e b f use f agh then at the Ne ry to y m , y he cold , to som means or the ’ o bt e n in o f f t h a1cht r t o r d o f y g leve rom y Tirone to bringe the eade corpes the Marshall , Sir f w t w as N e 1vrie w ch Henry Bagnall rom Armagc) h ( here y then ) unto , the Chaunter promised ” us w erfo rme w o f a he old doe his beste to p ; but he old g himsel unto Tirone bout it . w 11n 1 o f cabhan a oat h o f it w No to dete ne accurately the site this (or Field Fight) , ill be o f a necessary to examine the relative positions the contending rmies , and trace their move m in t he o f w l ents until they meet deadly array on field battle . It il then be seen that the “ ” correctness o f identifying the smal lma1sh or triangular field in Cabragh (goat land) as w Ba e nallw as o f f the place here Sir Henry g killed , admits strong doubts , both rom its being r d f 1 Blackw w as 1n a g eat istance rom the ivers ater and Callan , as ell not being the direct ” N e w t w w r 11 road to the For on the Black ater , he e the English General ith his army ’ w O N eill w ho w as ere marchingcl to meet th e , then lay ing siege to that garrison . O n the w ay from Armag h to this fortress ( w hich acco rding t o M ory son w as only a deep trench or w all o f earth to lodge one bund 1ed soldiers) 11 1th m a s hort dis t an ce of the rivers w 111 w o f D i umcullen w t 1ad1 Callan and Black ater, lies a spot the to nland hich th e t 1on of the Ba en all f place points out w here Sir Henry g e ll . Several bullets and other im plements o f

w ar n f in . fact o f a are said to have bee ound the locality The bridge, too , being called af f ter the G eneral gives strength to th e belie th at this place has superior claims to Cabragh , w an d f d of hich is in another direction , , in act , lea ing to the unhistoric village Loughgall . ‘ M K eo u h w ho f w o f M r . g , resides close to this bridge , in ormed the riter, in presence of w ho w 30 a o saw many his neighbours , concurred ith him , that about years g he several — — large sepulchral mounds in the levelling o f w hich many human bones g un bullets and other mat ei ials of w ar w ere dis co 1 e1ed It is also the common impression that as the Earl ” o f k o f w w w as 1 a Tyrone too possession the common road or high ay , hich terribly t e ched u f Cabra h u p as herea ter described , the English soldiers retreated to Armagh by g thro gh a “ ” lane w hich still retains the name o f t he bloody loaning . The g reat slaughter w hich took place h ere very probably gave rise to t he idea entertained by many as the site o f the f Battle o Bellanaboy , and Captain Tucker in turn stereotyped the tradition on the Ordnance

Survey Maps . w 1 11 - 16 1 f 15 1 0 . 2 . The site o this battle also fixed by Mor 1son , he e he ites Anno , lib , cap 23rd in akin w d w f 1 . 111 , p On the day , his Lordship g a sho to ra rom his camp beyond w w f fo r Armagh to ards Black ater, caused his orces to make a stand his retreat, and so him f w is w d f w vie w t he w a t o sel , ith h follo ers and servants , i o e more than a mile or ard , to y B lackwat er F ort and t he lace o t he amo us B lackw at er d eat un der t he M ars hallB a e , p f f ef , g ’ nf alls ri w he conduct , a d having passed a pace ithout one shot made at his troop , returned f m 1 f o f 750 f 100 1101 at to his orces , and a ching back he le t a garrison oot and se, the Abbey f 1 o f S n H e m Daw ers n w o Armagh , unde the command y , and that igo ht marched ith the M o un t n on is w in f m w rest near to , here he encamped , having this march ro Armagh , vie ed w G en ei al 1e s f w as w t he Ford here Nor y ormerly hu rt , making a stand ith his ho rse to se ’

f 5 . cu1e his oo t , distressed by Tyrone charge f w 1ven f There w as very probably a battle ought near Cabra , hich may have g some oun ’ f m Me i s on 3rd 1600 dation to the story , as appears ro y s itinerary under August, We S IT OF TH E B A TT F B A I NA B OR W R . E LE O LL OY, YELLO FO D

m w e w rose, and having arched three miles back , encamped bet een the paces and Armagh , w t w e f beyond Armagh , to ards the north , tha might have better grass or t he all the w ay w e marched the rebels in their fort resses drew do w n close by and

all w a . f da w w n o t the y , being strong The ourth y some companies ere dra u to of ff w h cut the pace Armagh , and the rebels being in sight , o ered not to skirmish it them ; w w w o f t he w w w e but to ards nigh t they dre do n strong out oods to an hill , under hich lay f w w h of encamped in a air meado . They came it cries and sound drums and bagpipes , as if w t w o o r they ould attempt the camp, and poured into it some three thousand shot , hurt in in t w o o f . t g only our men But his lordship commanding tha none the camp should stir, in 400 had lodged a trench some shot , charging them not to shoot till the rebels approached f m en m l in . w near And a ter these, our had given the a vol ey their teeth , they dre aw ay w e o f u b ut f f and heard no more their dr ms or bagpipes , only mourn ul cries : or many o f w w e f their best m en ere slain . The next morning ound some dead bodies at the skirt of t he W . ood , and three shattered pieces fl at as n o w review the history of the w hole transaction and return a true verdict accord ing to th e evidence .

w w o n f m u Black aterto n is situated the old road ro Armagh to D ngannon , and on the w f m w D f river Black ater, ro hich it takes its name . uring the rebellion o the Earlof “ ” n o f an h N e w t w as Tyrone , in the reig Elizabeth , Englis garrison called For placed here o f chieft ian w ho d a o f to check the incursions that , un er a ple some injuries done to his party in 159 5 by the English , attacked and ex pelled the garrison and obtained possession of th e f w on h f ortress, hich h e subsequently destroyed and abandoned the approac o Sir Joh n I n 159 3 . an d an Morris the Earl covenanted to rebuild it , to supply English garrison to w all of u w a be then stationed in it ith necessaries, as one the conditions pon hich peace w s t h o . In f w f g ranted him by Elizabet the Queen the ollo ing year the English orces, under D Lord eputy Borough , assaulted the place and easily took possession ; but the insurgents soon reappeared and commenced an attack ; and though the further progress of the w ar w as d o f w as prevented by the eath the General , yet a strong English garrison stationed f w as here as a rontier post . Tyrone once more com pelled to agree to repair the fort and f f w h bridge , and to supply the garrison , but he shortly a ter attacked the ormer ith t e s w w w f w greate t vig our ; and as the orks ere probably eak and imper ect, the assailants ere b f f repulsed only y the determined valour o the garrison . The Earl a terw ards attempted d f w n w to re uce it by amine ; and the besieged ere drive to the last extremities, hen Sir Ba en all w an o f t f 600 Henry g , ith English army abou in antry and cavalry , marched f w o f D to their relie ith a large quantity provisions . Marching through rogheda , Dundalk , w — h at w and Ne ry they at lengt arrived Armagh here they remained all night . When ’ O N eill w ho w as b o n w had , esieging the Fort the Black ater, received intelligence that this ’ w as O D on n ell g reat army approaching him , he sent messengers to , urging him to come to ’

. O D o nn ell w h w his assistance proceeded immediately it all his arriors , and a strong body o f f f t w ho w orces rom Connaugh to assist his allay against those ere marching against him . i h o f o f w The Ir s the province Ulster also joined the same army , so that they ere all pre f u pared to meet the English be ore their arrival at Armagh . They then d g deep trenches w En hsh w against the English in the common road , by hich they thought they (the g ) ould o g to meet them . ( Where ") f t f A ter remaining a nigh in Armagh , the English rose next morning early , ormed into t f w in t he billw order and proceeded straigh or ard solid bodies , till they came to hich e ver f f R ealan buidhe — i o e . o f w looks the ord atha the mouth the Yello Ford . ’ s O ullivan states that the English Army passed unmolested from Armagh over a level t f t ’ and open trac o g round . Abou 7 o clock they entered a narro w pass w here trees and ’ w i f of O N eillhad thickets ere th nly scattered over the sur ace the ground . Here stationed T GRA PH I A B ESEAB CH ES OPO C L .

w ho 500 active and lightly armed youths, , protected by the trees , poured in volumes of ’ In des ult ar w f Ba en alls shot upon the British troops . this y ar are , g army experienced con i erable f his w a at i s d loss , yet he succeeded in orcing y till he arrived a large pla n w hich ex ’ . Ba enall w as at tended to Tyrone s camp g repeatedly arrested in his progress, but eleven ’ ’ w t hree miles o A rma h o clock arrived at a short distance of Tyrone s camp , ithin about f g . ’ ff f It is unnecessary to state that the Queen s soldiers su ered a heavy de eat , and from the preceding accounts w e may infer that the site of the battle lay bet w een Armagh and the

F w w i of w w . ort on the Black ater , ithin a short d stance Black aterto n “ in R ev The battle is thus described the Montgomery Manuscripts, edited by . John ’ ” — f lac at e l 1869 . o O N eill B kw r. Hi l Belfast, The victory Hugh over the English at th e w as n The Fortress immediately surrendered to the enemy, and the English soldiers the w t w w as ere, by mutual condition , permitted to return to Armagh ; the For , ho ever, soon

f w . w w t of t e a ter ards recovered O pposite to the to n ( Black a er) are vestiges a For , by som — called the Black w ater Fort in the attempt to relieve the garrison of w hich Sir Henry Ba enall t f f — f g los his li e ; and others, less in ormed supposed to have been the strong ortress for w w of Hugh , Earl of Tyrone, and one of those hich he stipulated hen he obtained a o f f m N ow f o f of w as patent Favour ro Queen Elizabeth . the chie mansion the Earl Tyrone i at f f not at th s place , but Dungannon , and had a strong ort . To prevent con ounding the of w w as garrisons Black ater and Charlemont, I may mention that the latter erected by t 1602 Charles Blount, Lord Moun joy, Deputy of Ireland, in the year , as a curb on the of Earl Tyrone .

SIR R E ’ S HEN Y BAG NALL MARCH TO THE YELLOW FORD .

AV ING in a previous paper corrected an old historical error in relation to the long of w Ba en allw as f lost site of the Battle Ballinaboy, here Sir Henry g de eated and of n ow slain in the good old days Elizabeth our Queen , I shall endeavour to trace ’ w e more minutely the old road from Armagh , over hich the Queen s troops marched to me t of the Earl Tyrone . There w ere several roads in t he sixteenth century leading from the city of Armagh to the

o f t he of w w u . site battle the Yello Ford, the Black ater Fort , and D ngannon f of rout e w f f s A ter having enjoyed a personal inspection the , as ell as rom a care ul peru al “ w w of the various orks w hich have been ritten on this interesting subject , including The ” “ ’ ’ ” “ ’ of u s Hist oriae H ib erniae M or son s Annals the Fo r Masters , O ullivan s , y Itinerary, and “ ” t he orn e of w w of ffi J y the Black ater, I can, ith some degree confidence, a rm that Sir Henry ’ Ba en all a w O N eill g and the English rmy, hen marching from Armagh to meet Hugh , Earl w w or r of Tyrone, at the Black ater, proceeded a little North ard by the East, A magh side of w Y w hat is called the ello Ford on the River Callan . ’ m 7 of l4t h u 159 8 Thus, starting fro Armagh at o clock , on the morning Monday, Aug st, , Ba en all had of Sir Henry g , having previously ascertained that the enemy possession the f w i main or chie road loading to Portmore or Black ater Fort , adv sedly directed his march a w of m little North ard, or, as the State Papers Quee n Elizabeth say, a ylo on the right ” o f w hand side the common high ay . how if w as It may be easily imagined d ficult a task it , at this time, to carry heavy guns, v w m mounted on springless ehicles or aggons, composed of the strongest aterials, tumbling i w w d le of and toss ng over very high and narro roads, ith ruts eep enough to fracture the g m w -w w as of a horse, filled to the bri ith standing pools of rain ater . This a trial some skill

both for the horse and the driver . w w a The heels too ere very bro d and solid, to make them suitable for the bad r oads and the a w of tr ces ere usually made rope . There existed yet another serious impediment to bring u in a bod w b p the army y ; there ere then constructed no ridges, and so the artillery and ’ A ENA LL S M AR CH T O TH E W F D S IR H EN R Y B G YELLO O R .

horse w ere obliged to cross the Ford through the river ; thus losing much valuable time

‘ in w as of w hich, the present instance , the chief cause turning the scale of victory into the ’ f O N eill w ho w as for . hands o Hugh , quite prepared the adventure ’ o f w n Geer Having passed the site the rail ay statio and the old bridge hill, leading to y s ft bridge on the le , the General entered a little road beyond the Lunatic Asylum , running

Tull ard w w of Tull ard . to y , hich he held, keeping by the river and to the est y hill The n e w h Lisdon w ill Ball mackilmurr Ro yal troops advanced throug y and y y , in the parish of ” w o f . 19 4 w Grange, here Borlase, in his History the Irish Rebellion , p , rites that in the 41 43 f o f w t w o w year 16 , ( years a ter the battle the Yello Ford) , hundred Protestants ere ’ le b o w n in c t w du u . drow ned a Lough hard by , y p , Watt s g , here huma bones ere g p This ma for w as y , in some measure, account the general tradition that the battle fought at

Cabra h . w n ow s aw a hill , hich overlooks the Ford, the English soldiers the Irish War on of w riors and Champions the Opposite side the River Callan , a aiting their arrival . ‘ ’ M arra her s f is . C At th point , close to a Mr g arm house , the old road abruptly stops , but ” w fe w A list ra h r ithin a very short distance , a yards , remains the celebrated Pass , as e g— co rded in the maps of the Escheated Counties in Ireland, published in 1609 the Ordnance

Survey, and other historical documents . ’ i s w Here is the remarkable spot ndicated by O ullivan , here he says that the battle of the “ 0 Y w w as f on A u . 1 1589 rect e A u . 14 159 8 ello Ford ought the River Callan, g , , ( g , ) about - f t w o miles North East o Armagh . ’ ’ N eills o f F . On the West or O side the ord , in a grazing field may still be traced the earthen

remains of the trenches prepared for the Royal tr00ps . ” w l w of r i Having crossed the ater or Yel o Ford, (so called from the colour the p ec pi w w tous banks hich overhang the stream ,) the action commenced, and raged ith doubtful ’ s h s w Ba enalls w of uccess for four our , bet een this place and g bridge, in the to nland Drum - - l f a . cu len , about bal mile distant from the river ‘ ’ M n n n o w w d . K e els n The old road turns a little south ar , and passes Mr Robert premises , the ce “ ” w w w Ze t a lan icies over hat is called the Hole Stone Hill, here may be vie ed the p or t f w of K ell lin T r arve Drum u bat le scene , stretching out be ore us in the to nlands y , y g , and c l s len . As the fight really commenced at the Ford , it is pre umed that the entire British “ a w as . The rmy engaged ; so that the regular march terminated at this point rear, no t he w w sooner recovered the hill beyond Ford to ards Black ater, but the enemy charged us f f f o . w ith horse and oot, to the number oot , and horse ’ The defeat of the English army w as imputed to Bag en alls havin g divided his men into — w six companies or parties marching carelessly in a oody country, at too great distances to help one another (each 700 paces asunder) so that some o f them kne w nothing o f the ao i w as of t w o w tion t ll it all over ; and to the accidental firing or three barrels of po der . i f w n To commemorate th s even t ul battle, a bridge in the To nla d of Drumcullen, retains

n of n i w ho w as in . t he ame the E gl sh commander, slain the action

“ TH E OLD R OAD 0 8 C OMM O N H I GH WA Y F R OM A R M A GH TO B ELLA NA B OY A ND B A WA T R T WN L CK E O .

Ba enall n Having already stated that Sir Henry g , for certai reasons best kno w n to him ’ l w on -w a se f, marched to the Yello Ford, a mile the right hand side of the common high y , sh n ow w I all endeavour to point out the ordinary route to Black ater and Charlemont . A s w e f t he of w a good beginning, shall start rom the Protestant Hall , at head Da son w m w t . u i a w as f l Stree This b ild ng, at the period of hich I riting, the site o the principa in Hotel Armagh . Here very probably the great English general slept for the nig ht . At K m subsequent times the unfortunate ing Ja es II . and Duke Schomberg occupied the same 88 TOPOGBA PH ICA L as sm acn s s .

“ o f of quarters , enjoying alike the hospitality Mine Host the Inn . Proceeding dow n Daw “ ” s n o r w as o Street , , as it originally called , Abbey Lane , the road took a Westerly turn at w D the iron gate, stretching across a meado in a straig ht line until it joined the esert Lan e f w w here the Fever Hospital ormerly stood . From this point e march over the D esert Hill w w a w h n o w f hich by the y is paved it large slate stones, not ound in this neighbourhood , ’

w e f . w w . w until arrive at a ord near Mr Card ell s eir Over this narro , rugged , and hilly f m w road the contending armies , as they journeyed ro Armagh to the Black ater in 159 8 and 1688 -f im edimen a to Charlemont in , dragged their old ashioned cannon and military p t . w w e A u han ore w i Adopting a more West ard course , cross g or the Golden Ford , here it s said f f - a f w as b o . w a bar o gold ound y a ploughman some our score years g The lucky finder, hose cle t w as e f w t it name y p Kelt r, only discovered his good ortune hen he brough to a Black ’

f for of u . f smith s org e the purpose mending his plo gh The veteran smith , a ter heating the

' f for w ol metal , ound it unfit the purpose intended , and thre it aside amongst the d iron , tell

- - in or w as . w n ot w it g Kelt it mere pot metal The latter, ho ever, illing to leave behind, took it f u f b home , and a ter some t ne ound that the bar, so indignantly rejected y the Blacksmith , w as o f . f 60 a solid bar pure gold This ortunate circumstance realized the poor man guineas , w him f . w hich enabled and his amily to emigrate to America This s pot , hitherto unkno n f o f a to ame and antiquarian research , possesses great claims to the consideration the arch e ologist and historian .

f - In . w w he the Callan river, near this Ford , Mr Card ell ound an iron battle axe , hich still curio us it ies : an d f a o w - retains amongst other about ourteen years g , hen sinking a mill race , o f f w at a depth ten eet , the same gentleman discovered large oak beams, ith stakes closely piled around them fo r the purpose (it is supposed) of constructing a pass or junction be

w Tull elmer A u han ore . t een y and g , to meet the Ford Having thus halted on our w ay to place on record a fe w anecdotes connected w ith this in t erest in w e w Drumeairn h D rums ill g spot, ill proceed on our march over , throug and Allis ’ ’

g f o f . m t ra h o f . , taking the rear Mr Bond s house and ront Mr Addy s pre ises , avoiding th e w f present line o f road . Moving on ards th e traveller soon finds himsel on the Hole Stone — f Hill so called from a large stone w ith a hole in it . This memorial o the past seems to o f have bee n the object much veneration by the people in the neighbourhood, as it is care f f fully preserved and paved around w ith small stones o r several eet .

’ w e in Ba en alls w Fro m this point advance a direct line to g Bridge, here , as I have stated , ’ n a l w O N eill Sir Henry Bage l and the British army ere completely subdued by the great . ’ f Ba en alls w w f in A ter leaving g Bridge , here several bullets ere ound , the road runs on a n e w If w w n . direct line to Black aterto by one branch , and by another unused , to Benburb I am — w ellinformed and the authority is authentic there w ere about t w enty years ag o t w o ca f in o f w w f noes o f large dimensions ound the bed the river at Black ater, here a erry is supposed to have been constructed . Although the battle o f Benburb does not properly come under the designation o f local of f t he topography, I may make it the subject another paper, as it occurred soon a ter ter o f h rible disaster w hich the English Government met at th e Battle Ballinaboy . The marc o f of the Royal troops, as described above, admits much historical speculation ; and as the ” w f in li /zt marchin order in o f Jorney to the Black ater could be per ormed g g , a good part f ff f n t a fine day , I again reely o er mysel as a travelling companion to any antiquaria studen “ ’ ” r w ho w ould w ish to go over the ground and fight the battle o e again .

T POG A R EAR O RAPH I C L ES CH E S .

r ver h w b o es w Ard m in it, nere the y , muc under oods and gg ; but the rest being to ard e ache , ill art s o f is champion and fert . Upon the upper p this land is the Bridge and Fo urs: o f the Turlo he Bres olache holedet h f Blackw ate r built . g this portion of land rom the Earl o f Ty

w m aiet h . Turlo h w n w rone, to ho he p his Rentes and Services The said g ith his sonnes , o ” is able to make 30 horsemen and 80 footmen . — 1595 o f w for Anno Tyrone having heard that supplies soldiers ere coming Ireland, f 159 5 in dre w his orces together at the first entrance of the year open hostility , suddenly w t he a o n assaulted the Fort at Black ater, built upon p ssage into Tyrone , the South side ; w and taking the same , razed it and broke do n the bridge . Yet at this time Tyrone subtly ’ for . o f him made suit pardon Amon g the conditions admitting to the Queen s mercy , — w o f t o f w e re li w ere to cause the earing English apparel , and tha none his men g bbes (or : in o f o f a w long hair) that time necessity, he should sell victuals to the Fort Bl ck ater . ’ w as n ot for f 15 Tyrone s repentance sincere , a ter he captured the Fort , early in 9 7, he o f i him t o w rote to Henry XII . , Earl Kildare , to nduce renounce his allegiance to the Cro w n n f f o f England ; but that noblema peremptorily re used , and man ully accompanied the Lord

Deputy o n his mission . of 1595 About the beginning June, , the Lord Deputy and the Lord General drew their n o w e f forces tow ards Armagh , and Tyrone and other rebels had s nt letters o submission to of f them both . The Commissioners judged some their positions equal , others they re erred ’ ’ w t to the Queen s pleasure . But hen on the Queen s part, hey propounded to the rebels , f w w n some articles to be per ormed by them , they ere gro so insolent , as judging them un ' f w as o fi w h fe w d equal , the con erence broken , it a ays truce granted on both sides , w hen for of the Queen , sparing blood , had resolved to give them any reasonable conditions . 18t h o f This truce ended, the Lord Deputy and th e Lord General , about the July , dre w w f their forces to Armagh , ith such terror to the rebels, as Tyrone le t the Fort of Black w w of w ater, fired the to n Dung annon , and pulled do n his house there , burnt all villages and

f w . o w n betook himsel to the oods They proclaimed Tyrone traitor in his country, and t o o f for w o f leaving a guard the church Armagh , they , ant victuals returned to Dublin ,

w a . and by the y , placed a garrison in Monaghan f w N orre s Bourcher f In the ollo ing year Sir John y , Lord General ; Sir George , Master o ’ ff for w the Ordnance, and Sir Geo rey Fenton , Her Majesty s Secretary Ireland , ere commis w w ho w u s ion ed to treat again ith Tyrone, had sought pardon , and ackno ledged nder his ’ an d f ff f hand her Majesty s mercy therein extended to him , con essed o ences and breaches o w t he articles he had signed . The correspondence hich ensued betw een the Commissioners a a w as for of w nd Tyrone , proved that the l tter only requiring time the completion some orks

w w e . 10th o f 159 7 hich had in hand Upon the April , , the Commissioners again pressed his o w n him by letters not to slack greatest good by delays . 17t h of t for n ot h f Tyrone, on the April , sen his reasons meeting them , and justified imsel

f r l . o f w as e t o relapsing into dis oyalty At this time all the North Ireland in reb llion , excep t s w w w — seven Cas le , ith their to ns and villages, all but one lying to ards the sea namely, w K rri kfer us f u e c . Ne ry, g , Carling ord, Greencastle, Armagh , D ndrum , and Old Fleet 159 D his In 7 the Lord eputy ( Lord Bourgh) , to give lustre and ominous presage to

w s w . a Government, dre his force to ards Tyrone The Irish , in a fastness near Arm gh (so s w w of d they call strait pas ag es in oods , here , to the natural strength the place, is adde , of a lo w t he of w a the art interl cing the boughs and casting bodies the trees across the y ) , of i w ho d w a w w f opposed the passage the Engl sh , ma e their y ith their s ords , and ound that e w D the Irish resolutely assault d, ould easly give g round . Then the Lord eputy assaulted t he w w n b f Fort at Black ater, he ce the Earl at his first entering into rebellion , had y orce w f expelled the English , as carefully as he ould have driven poison rom his heart . This e f E o Fort he soon took , and r pairing the same , put a company o nglish s ldiers into it to a e 20t h gu rd it . He then pass d over the river on July , in order to erect a Fort on the other F RTS N TH E B A WA R TH E O O L CK TE .

w w w w bank . But hilst the lord Deputy, ith his hole army, ere rendering thanks to God w o f w for this great success, the rebels sho ed themselves out the thick oods near adjoining h o f w on the nort side the Fort, so as the prayers ere interrupted by calling to arms . The m English entered skirmish , and prevailed against them , driving the to fly into the thick es t of their dens . n ft n ew w l w The Lord Deputy the le the Fort, el guarded and provided ith provisions o f w w f w to the charge Captain Thomas Williams, and ithdre the orces to ards the pale . ’ O N eill w ho f da and his people, occupied the adjacent orest , rested neither night nor y b ut w c of m s w at hed every opportunity taking this Fort by stratage or a sault, by reaking his vengeance on the garrison . ' 30 of w fi On a certain day he attacked our soldiers , but his men ere slain , and he e ect ed g nothing a ainst the Fort . When the Lord Justice received intellig ence that his w arders in w in w w ere harassed this manner, and that they ere ant of provisions, he mustered a nu mero us army to place provisions and all other necessaries in the Fort . Having arrived in w w w Armagh ith his army , he ent, ith the cavalry about him , along the public road, some f - w h f distance be ore his foot soldiers and com panies, it the expectation o meeting some of ’ ’ n O N eills people in an unprotected position . Whe he came near the Abhainn Mhor ‘ ’ B w f in w h o f f of O N eills ( lack ater) , he ell it a troop horse and a body of in antry the peo S f g t w ple . A fierce conflict, and pite ul enga ement ensued be een them , and many men and in f - horses w ere lost by the Lord Justice that sharp battle . When the oot soldiers had come u w f w as w p ith the Lord Justice, he advanced to the ort, and some say that h e never ell from that day forth . f w f r On the next day they le t provisions and arders in the ort, and then prepa ed to return ’

w f n t . O N eill u back , but ent no urther than Armagh that igh kept p a constant fire and ’ w f f att ack upon the Lord Justice s camp during the night, by hich the chie leader o the

w . F w army and several others besides ere slain rom thence they proceeded to Ne ry , and w w w n w f he died of the ounds hich he had received bet een Armagh and the e ort . o f w of The Earl Kildare, on hom the command the army devolved, drove back the as s ailant s w as w w w f t w o f , but also ounded , and t ice thro n rom his horse ; and his oster ’ — l w w - o f O C on n or F a re . w as brothers sons y , ere slain , hile assisting him to mount He so ft he w as grieved by their death that he le the army broken spirited , and as on his journey w as d w f f f home, he obliged to rest at Droghe a, here he died rom grie and ever, resulting

w 3ot h 159 7. from his ound , on September, f Ba en all w w The great de eat of Sir Henry g at the Yello Ford , caused the Black ater Fort

o . a w ffi of to be given over to Tyr ne The ppointment of Lord Mountjoy , ho ever, to the o ce so Lord Deputy of Ireland, added much strength to the English arms, so much , that ’ O N eill w w as f ith his troops obliged to return rom Lough Foyle, hasten to Dungannon , ’ w of of and marching on ith the hope arresting Mountjoy s progress , he razed the old Fort t he c w t e his of Lurkin Bla k a r, burned Armagh , and distributed men in the fastness Lough ,

i. s . w w w u , Lurgan , near Silver Bridge , parish of Creggan , here, ith great industry, he thre p f of in entrenchments, and constructed rude ortifications along a line three miles extent . On a in f w d w f t h June , the ollo ing year, the Lord Deputy preceede to ards Tyrone, and a ter of w w off d t o having rebuilt and garrisoned the Fort Black ater, he dre his army , and returne

m w e of . A r agh , here he r ceived despatches from the Court England 23rd 159 9 l in w Lord Mountjoy embarked February, , and anded the next day Ireland, here for he shew ed himself the best soldier that Kingdom had seen many years , because he found o ut w a w ar w for w w fr the true y of making ith the Irish , being ell supplied ith necessaries om s aw he a w n w conven England , he plainly that if could att ck them at a time he they anted all iences w a f to keep the field , he should meet ith very little or no resist nce , and there ore he d f w f s supplie his rontier g arrisons ith men and provisions and they , by their requent excursion , ’ s s s s of b w ar c d did such execution on the per on and e tate the Irish , that one Winte r s he redu e — y to f . them the necessity o eating one another ( Cox, Ireland) . ’ l U f U U B A I fl lk/ A u “ L D L A B U H L D .

T H E N E W F O R T

12t h 1601 in an d N July , , the army marched the morning to Armagh , there resting f a half some hours , marched again a ter dinner a mile and . beyond Armagh , and there an upon hill encamped . f w w h f The ollo ing day, the Lord Deputy it the army, rose rom the former camp , and o ne f w on of w marched mile and a hal do n hill this side ( namely the south side) Black ater , w f w of w here he made a stand, Tyrone , and his horse and oot, she ing themselves out a ood , w of w beyond a meado , on the other side the river, and that ith trumpets , and divers w on f of w colours (some at the old de eat the English in those parts) , and ith some drums , w dan rather for a bragging ostentation than other ise, since they , fighting like thieves upon f erous in s u h w . o g passages, used not to appear c arlike manner All the nigh t the rebels out a h w w in w . On l t the trenches shot at our men , hile they ere busy orking th e day , very in early the morning , upon our discharging our great pieces , the rebels quitted their C a w 300 t n . trenches, basely running into the oods , and our men passing th e river, under p f w i w Thomas Williams, possessed the trenches and the old ruined ort , ith the pla n in hich

w w . it lay, the ood being almost musket shot distance, hither the rebels had fled t w hill Presently the Lord Deputy sent one regimen to lie beyond the Black ater, upon a , w here his lordship had made choice to build a N EW FO R T . ’ 15t h w Of 400 f w w The day his lordship, ith a troop horse , and oot , dre to ards Tyrone s

w w in Of w ho w w w . On ood , and vie ed the places the sight the rebels ran a ay ith their co s

16 D w o f . the th , the Lord eputy dre out a regiment Irish , commanded by Sir Christo St w w Of La rence, and passing the Black ater, marched to Benburb, the old house Shane ’

O N eill f o f w d . lying on the le t hand of our camp , at the entrance great oo s t w o n M or son d f f These last days, conti ues y , our pioneers had been busie in orti ying and ldi N EW R T at w far f bui ng a FO Black ater, not distant rom the old Fort, demolished by the d f w f rebels, and for some ays ollo ing , his lordship specially intended the urtherance and w so w finishing of this ork, as many soldiers w er e extraordinarily hired to ork therein as ron eers p . The remainder of the year w as occupied chiefly in providing the Fort w ith provisions ; at

the same time, Thomas Williams w as appointed the Governor . 20t h in w a be On August, the Lord Deputy took the field, and encamped the middle y w w of t een the Ne ry and Armagh , and thence his lordship resolved to spoil all the country f en o n in of w Tyrone, and to banish all the inhabitants rom thence , j y g such them as ould on of become subjects , to live the south side Black w ater, so that if Tyrone returned, he ’ in should find nothing it but the Queen s garrisons . 9 t h s w w September his lord hip marched back ith his army, divided all the aste land (on Of c w w w w 1lt h the south side Bla k ater) , to ards the Ne ry, and came to the Ne ry, September,

w f . bringing ith him into the Pale, ourteen companies of Foot, and one hundred Horse w f w in The letter, hich the Lord Deputy at this critical period , or arded to the Lo rds ’ “ ill a England , clearly proves that the O N e w s w orsted . We have spoiled, and mean to of w t crea ht s can spoil their corn , and in respect the garrisons, and of the Black ater, heir g w If f w e hardly return , but they ill be still at our command . they should prove alse, have o l w go d bridles upon them, and at any time their follo w ers, upon eave to d ell in Tyrone , w i ll easly forsake them . These follow ers seem to desire nothing more than to hold their off w land the Queen , ithout any dependancy upon the

w as w w of w as in n s of . In Tyrone also ell a are his position , and that he the ha d his enemy his s 12 1 w o f letter of submi sion , dated th November, 602, he says Yet I am eary the and m w h a course I hold, do uch repent me of the same, most humbly, and it penitent he rt,

T P A O O GR PH IC A L R E SE A R C H E S .

w That icked chieftain , subsequently retiring before the English forces, made Charlemont ’ - t for . w O Niall b esei ed Cas le his head quarters a short time O en , expecting to be g here , f w strengthened the de ences ; and hen the Scottish General , Monroe, attempted to surprise it w as w w as he repulsed ith loss , but the Castle at length captured by Sir Charles Coote .

In 1665 w as . for w , it sold to Charles II since hich time it has been vested in the w Cro n . w as for of - Charlemont the Ordnance depot the North Ireland , and the head quarters of

for i of . it the Royal Artillery the d strict Ulster Formerly had a military Governor, b ut on f s Of . 1835 w a the death General Sir John Doyle, Bart , in , the o fice abolished as being a sine u w w t w o of c re . The barracks, hich ere occupied by companies the Royal Artillery, aecom modat ed 5 f 151 - 79 w o ficers , non commissioned officers and privates, and horses, ith an f 2 hospital attached or 2 patients . in n of w Cox , the historian , giving a descriptio a naval battle hich occurred in 1642 on ’ Clot w ort h s Lough Neagh , mentions this Fort Sir John y regiment built a Fort at ot t he Toome, and thereby g a convenience to pass river Bann at pleasure, and to make in n f b e of cursio s as o ten as pleased into the County Londonderry . w w To revenge this , the Irish garrison at Charlemont built some boats , ith hich they sailed dow n the Black w ater into Lough Neagh and preyed and plundered all the borders f ” thereo .

8 F of . 263 1690 Harris account of the ort Charlemont is very interesting On page , Anno , w e read “ w as 1602 It a strong Castle , erected in the year , by Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, of w f w Deputy of Ireland , as a curb on the Earl Tyrone , hose chie mansion house, ith a

w as . w o f f strong Fort, at Dungannon It stands on a narro angle ground , ormed by the of w w in confluence the river Callan , ith the Black ater on th e East side, the County of h of w w w n w A rdma . o g Under the shelter this Fort there gre up a to n , hich is a Corpora

. w as im tion The place strong by nature , being bounded on the East and South by huge ho s W w w 36 f t passible g ; and on the North and est by the river Black ater, hich is here ee 16 f w f w fo r g broad, and eet deep , the banks hereo ere, the most part, secured by qua gy mea w w as t w o w t do s and marshes insomuch that it accessible only by ays, one to . the Nor h , w w here the ground is firm , and the other to the West, here it may be approached, though w f t w o f not ithout di ficulty, the Irish having taken pains to make those passes de ensible by l t it w - a smal number . The fortifications abou ere palisadoed ; a dry ditch and counter scarp w w w as w w ithin hich a double rampart, and still more in ard a thick stone all , and regular flankers w w f d w d and bastions, a dra bridge ell ortifie , and ithin all , the magazines, a guar f w . w as house, and a large square to er It de ended by a strong garrison , under the com ’ m Of O Re an Old w . n f and Teigh g , an able soldier, hom King James II soo a ter Knighted f us for his defence of the place . Harris and Leland in orms that on being summoned to “ w Old surrender, the illy General replied, that the knave , Schomberg , shall not have this ” ’ d of castle . In a foot note, Harris states that Tin al , in his continuation Rapin s History ” w w of England, deceived by other riters, places this Fort in a rong situation , namely , on a of in d of f w piece ground the mid le the Bay of Carrick ergus, hich a small attention to the M a f w f p o Ireland ould have enabled him to recti y . “ w of 2n d 1690 Story, in riting the Relief put into Charlemont, dated May, , says - M ackmehon w 400 Lieutenant Colonel , ith about men , ammunition , and some small of s ot quantities provi ions, g into Charlemont in the night, but our French and other regi m t w him w he t w o at en s posted thereabouts, atched so narro ly, that though made or three

et . w tempts, yet he could not g out again And the second eek in May, several English , a and D w Brandenbur , three utch Re iments landed . By hich time also , all our recruits g g — w ere completed and the Regiment clothed ; so that w e had now an excellent army all d s r d w . ove j oye ith the assurance that his Majesty, William III , in person e igned to make H A R M N T F R T ON T H E B A WA T R C LE O O L C K E .

of the campaign in Ireland . A part our army also , began to take the field , and encamp round Charlemont : cannon and mortars w ere sent up that w ay too (on Legar Hill) ; in ’ f O Re an if w order to orce old Teague g , the Governor, from his nest, he ould not quit it w of f 12t h other ays but their provisions being spent , and no hopes relie appearing , on the “ ft w as May , the Governor ( Teague) , desired a parley, and a er some time it agreed , that his w w 14 Garrison should march out ith their arms and bag gage , hich they did , on the th , being

800 200 w . w saw fe about , (besides omen and children) Duke Schomberg, hen he so many “ ” — s f males , said , that Love rather than policy prevailed in Iri h garrisons . The amished d w f sol iers as they moved along , ere seen , according to Harris , devouring pieces o dried w t f of f hides, i h the hair on but Schomberg ordered a loa to each them rom the stores at f w h f entertained the o ficers ith ospitable attention . Four companies o Colonel

t of a . f 17 f Regiment ook possession the pl ce We ound pieces o cannon , one 83 o f w w i fire- f t he large mortar, barrels po der, th some arms, and other use ul materials in fortress .

a n o w m w b Ch rlemont and Moy may be said to for one to n , being merely separated y the w t — f Of Black a er the ormer being on the Armagh , and the latter on the Tyrone side the river . In the year 1859 Lord Charlemont purchased the Castle and its appurtenances from t he

w . w as t Cro n The latter levelled to the ground and the materials sold by public auc ion . w w f t . The Castle , ho ever, remains to mark the site here this important or ress stood “ f of f f Near Charlemont may be ound some traces a ortification , at Legar Hill, ( rom w w hich Duke Schomberg bombarded the to n ,) and a Danish Rath . f T e s w o . O . h ilver signet ring, ith the impress the bloody hand, and initials T , ( Turlough ’ L o h O Neill w as f a o . yn c ) ound, many years g near Charlemont “ “ The characteristic fame o f Charlemont Garrison and the Royal Artillery is hu ” morousl a of w . y celebr ted in rustic verse, by the Author the Colleen Ba n It is not strictly hexamet er .

A RT LE REE THE ROYAL IL .

’ harlemount s art ac t he m b f u C a p y pl e, onth e ore J ly, A bridge across t he Black w ater connects it w ith t he Moy

’ e s s advancin in fu s t is b u fu see Th hip ll ail, ea ti l to ,

’ i t h mm an . ut w a s m s ch ms u s ac s e R Y AI. A B h t lind o t ar nto thi pl e,

n t he fi s F a Of t he m as o to t he fa O r t rid y onth , they g ir, To se e t he purty girls that alw ays do st and there - m in an d a em an d us e m e lee They bring the tre t th the tend r ,

’ ’ t he o s f ars no n is t he R xs r. A RTILLEREE. For they re b y that e o e,

fi ish to c c u fo r m an end Now to n , on l de, and to ake ,

a u t he Offic s w is u t he men Heres a he lth nto er , like e nto ,

A n d s u a o fa t he m ho ld it ever h ppen, they g to ce ene y, ’ ’ E Och they re t he boys that fears no noise t he R YAL A RTILLERE . F D MOUNTJOY O RT ON LOUGH SI NEY .

N N M IN 1602 A O DO O : .

o w of Ma heralamfield— — N the t nland g Barony of Dungannon middle near Belleville , not far m w w i f fro Ste artsto n , County Tyrone , stands the romantic and impos ng ruins o “ — NTJ A ST . t w o MO U OY C LE It is situate on the S . West side of Lough Sidney, about - . I N w as c N Eat hac miles and a half on the Tyrone side S D EY a name given to Lo h , or Lough in of f of Neagh, the reign Queen Elizabeth, rom Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy Ireland . c Old w as r w i The ere tion of this stronghold cotempora y ith the build ng of Charlemont Fort , and its history is illustrated but scantily and almost ignored by the annalists of that busy period . ’ “ Mor son s f w w e y Itinerary supplies the most important in ormation , from hich learn oft en ed C ast ellat or that, the Lord Deputy, Mountjoy, so mentioned, as the Modern of Ireland in i M r s n w h f the Engl sh interest, sent Sir Richard o y o from D ungannon it five hundred oot i w w f f w as to meet Sir Arthur Ch chester, ho came ith his forces rom Carrick ergus and to pass w few mi a w b n ao Lough Sidney, and land ithin a les of Dung nnon , here they ei g met , did cording to the Lord Deputies direction , begin to raise a Fort . In the meantime the Lord ’ n of Deputy having utterly ba ished all Tirone s partakers out those parts , marched five miles f w w f an d rom Dungannon to Lough Sidney, here Sir Arthur Chichester lay ith his orces, his f 1000 f Lordship encamped there, till he made the fort de ensible to contain above oot, and

100 w w a f f w a of . horse, hich ere to be victu lled rom Carrick ergus, by the y the said Lough ’ d N TJ n The Fort of his Lor ship s Barony, he called MO U OY, and made Sir Benjami Berry, of w o f t Governor the same for the present service, hich being done, the command the For w as f w f r le t to Captain Francis Roe . Like ise o the present service Sir Arthur Chichester f w w s commanded in chief the forces to be le t there, hich he might dra out upon all occa ions of f i service as out of all other garrisons in those parts to w ards Carrickfergus . A ter the bu lding of Mountjoy Fort, the Lord Deputy proposed to follo w Tyrone through his greatest fastness

a Mor son . . till he should utterly ruin him or drive him that w y to the sea . ( y part ii Lib 3 21 , pp . 8

’ f O N eill w e A ter Hugh had submitted and received pardon from Queen Elizabeth , find ’ ’ that certain lands w ere excepted and reserved out of O N eills property for the Fort s Mount “ joy and Charlemont : and like w ise excepting and reserving 300 acres of land to be laid ’ a d to the Forte of Mountjoy, n 300 more to the Forte of Charlemont during her Majesty s r in pleasure, to hold any ga risons the said Forts .

’

Of s O N eill l . . To the reservation these land , gave his fu l consent (p

On 20t h 1602 w w August, , the Lord Deputy took the field, and encamped bet een Ne ry and Armagh , and understanding that Tyrone w as in Fermanagh, he marched over th e bridg e - T ho ue near Fort Mountjoy, and staid five days near ulla g , and broke the chair of stone ’ w O N eills . hereon the used to be inaugurated, and destroyed the country 8th b 1602 Septem er, , Lord Mountjoy directed Sir Arthur Chichester to lie at Mountjoy s i w garrison , clearing the County of Tyrone of all inhabitant , and to spo l all the corn hich

all . he could not preserve for the garrison, and to deface the Islands formerly taken

’ ’ In D oew ra s Don ovan w e of Sir Henry y narration , edited by Dr . O , find mention made u this Fort . The next day Sir Arthur Chichester came over at Lo gh Sidney , and landed w resent lie w had f w men at that place, here he p erected a Forte, hich a ter ards the name given it of Mountjoy, and my lord having gained his passage before and erected another at

g as w ell as his

r w m 1641 t ust orthy docu ents, that in , ” i f w H A R l ch e s, ere the strongholds of C

w upon Charlemont, here the

’ A li s of T m y mb yrone had the ir fa il to . A LE N DERR W RA GH LAN SIDNEY C ST O Y AR I S D .

field w F D n n and M N Lord Caul lay ith his foot company, the orts of u ganno O U TJ OY, as that ’ w n O Donn ell i in his letter ritte to Father Patrick , his confessor, bear ng date from MO UNT a m great any victories . cu 1 41 w r nt of the Rebellion of 6 , ites That the few est supposed to have perished at Portadow n bridge mus t needs be about one besides as many more dro w ned betw ixt that bridge and the great lough of

Mo untjoy .

Y DERRY WA R RAGH SIDNE CASTLE ON ISLAND .

PR BAB B I T BY M NTJ’ O LY U L OU OY .

On the extreme south of Lough Neagh there may be seen the w reck of an old CA STLE ad ” Derr w arra h of w in . f w joining y g , hich there appears no record history Re erring , ho ever, — — Of t he i . 1809 1676 t o the maps escheated estates , publ shed Anno Speed, , Morden Ger 1636— 1640 on w i ard Mercator, and Bleau , , the site or ground hich this ru n appears, is ” w w d surrounded ith ater, and described as Si ney Island, but by the Ordnance Survey “ ” maps as Derry w arragh Island " We may then safely call the castle after the name of w — the island on hich it stood ignoring the modern appellation . w n a - At the present time, the space bet ee M ghera Chapel yard or the mainland and the w on island is filled up ith sand or soil , consequent drainage and the lo w ering of the Bann river at or near Coleraine . This improvement has had the beneficial effect of reducing t he 0 depth of the w ater in Lough Neagh above 1 feet . a o w as a w al n ew w Some years g there m de, hat is c led , a cut or river, hich flow s betw een “ ” i l the island and the mainland , for the conven ence of sma l vessels enterin g t he Black w ater from the Lough . Lo ugh Sydney w as a name given to Loch N eEat hac or Lough Neagh in t he reign Of li Queen E zabeth, from Sir Henry Sydney, Lord Deputy of Ireland .

‘ - PRI NTED Br J . n warrs s s JUN ENGLIsa rm r , , s , s e m en . D MOUNTJOY FORT ON LOUGH SI NEY .

N 2 A N O DOM INO : 160 .

w of a heralamfield— o f — e r e l N the to nland M g Barony Dungannon middle n a B llevi le , not

far w w ~ s i of from Ste artsto n , County Tyrone , stands the romantic and impo ng ruins “ N TJ A ST of — t w o MO U OY C LE . It is situate on the S . West side Lough Sidney, about I N w as oc N -Eat hac h miles and a half on the Tyrone side . S D EY a name given to L h , or Loug ' in i e f Of Irelan r Neagh , the reign of Queen El zab th, rom Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy The erection Of this old stronghold w as cotemporary w ith the building of Charlemont F01 ' l bu) 3 and its history is illustrated but scantily and almost ignored by the anna ists of that , n d period . . ’ “ Mor so n s f w w e y Itinerary supplies the most important information , rom hich 1 oft ened Cast ellat or of Ire one that, the Lord Deputy, Mountjoy, so mentioned, as the Modern in t he li s Sir Mor son w five hun dref Lo d Eng sh intere t, sent Richard y from D ungannon ith r 1 “mt “ w ho w f f w as 1 to meet Sir Arthur Chichester, came ith his orces from Carrick ergus and , w few w b m the Lough Sidney, and land ithin a miles of Dungannon , here they eing met , " I have cording to the Lord Deputies direction , begin to raise a Fort . In the meantime t ’ ’ h r‘ h ‘ of fn P l Deputy having utterly banished all Tirone s partakers out those parts , marched i ’ hserw h w w force g from Dungannon to Lough Sidney, here Sir Arthur Chichester lay ith his "h h’ Sh r f o 100 to Lo dship encamped there, till he made the fort de ensible to contain ab ve 0 h ed m he 100 w h w f w a of sz t horse, hic ere to be victualled rom Carrickfergus, by the y the ’ r a N TJ a' The Fort of his Lo dship s B rony, he called MOU OY, and made Sir Benj

' h d of for w comman d learning, Governor the same the present service, hich being done, the s w as w as f C i w for r that he le t to apta n Francis Roe . Like ise the present service Sir Arth f f w w u o commanded in chief the orces to be le t there, hich he might dra out p w ell i fa as as h s o f service as out of all other garrisons in those parts to w ards Carrickfergus . Aff o f w , citizens pleaded Mountjoy Fort, the Lord Deputy proposed to follo Tyrone through his T W O Ecclesias till he should utterly ruin him or drive him that w ay to the sea . (Mory f 3 21 m s elves be ore the , pp . 8 ‘ la fo (1 o 1d ’ t f O N eill c uee A ter Hugh had submitted and re eived pardon from Q w fifizzn gfi ’ ’ ’ s w of O N eills that certain land ere excepted and reserved out property l ’ ’ a v ’ ’ “ d h : w 300 ar joy and Charlemont and like ise excepting and reserving faidhddliin liis terit g , t o and 300 C harlemo' the Forte of Mountjoy, more to the Forte of fli8 surprisal White w as

s . plea ure, to hold any garrisons in the said Forts . nigh Lord Mountjoy 113 ’ v O N eill To the reser ation of these lands , gave his full consent the Fathers , yet he threa

' J On 20t h u 1602 ai ing ohn to pieces, to level Aug st, , the Lord Deputy took the field, w 9 39 01311112 he w s 1m and w as in Fermanrds ere a Armagh , and understanding that Tyrone 5 ' 0 ‘ rei n un s di ct i on . - Tullaho enounced all fo g j near Fort Mountjoy, and staid five days near p ’ ‘ w O N eills dest c hereon the used to be inaugurated, and r 1 41 t w ort h d s 6 , ’ ocument that in 8t h 1602 i S trus y September, , Lord Mountj oy d rected "chiefs w ere the strongholds of C H A R i of inl , garrison , clear ng the County Tyrone of all for f r he could not preserve the garrison , and to de a i seven days after he first appeared in th s ’ D oew ra s In Sir Henry narration , edited by, w y very first, upon Charlemont, here the this Fort . The hichest

' d u e u es be g of Mount o aion uadh Q u n of I , b . O iven it J y, and my lord baving g g . ee relan a o t three c nt ri ’ i s f T had ei f m mb . . ll o yrone th r a ily to