Transnational Legal Activism in Global Value Chains the Ali Enterprises Factory Fire and the Struggle for Justice Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights 6 Miriam Saage-Maaß Peer Zumbansen Michael Bader Palvasha Shahab Editors Transnational Legal Activism in Global Value Chains The Ali Enterprises Factory Fire and the Struggle for Justice Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights Volume 6 Editor-in-Chief Markus Krajewski, Faculty of Law, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany Series Editors Petra Bendel, Center for Area Studies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Heiner Bielefeldt, Institute of Political Science, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany Andreas Frewer, Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany Manfred L. Pirner, Religious Education, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany Human rights are one of the normative cornerstones of contemporary international law and global governance. Due to the complexities of actual or potential violations of human rights and in light of current crises, new and interdisciplinary research is urgently needed. The series Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights recognizes the growing importance and necessity of interdisciplinary research in human rights. The series consists of monographs and collected volumes addressing human rights research from different disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives, including but not limited to philosophy, law, political science, education, and medical ethics. Its goal is to explore new and contested questions such as the extraterritorial application of human rights and their relevance for non-state actors, as well as the philosophical and theoretical foundations of human rights. The series also addresses policy questions of current interest including the human rights of migrants and refugees, LGBTI rights, and bioethics, as well as business and human rights. The series editors are Members of the Centre for Human Rights Erlangen- Nürnberg (CHREN), an interdisciplinary research center at Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg. The Advisory Board brings together human rights scholars from a wide range of academic disciplines and regional backgrounds. The series welcomes suggestions for publications of academic research falling into the series subject matter. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15339 Miriam Saage-Maaß • Peer Zumbansen • Michael Bader • Palvasha Shahab Editors Transnational Legal Activism in Global Value Chains The Ali Enterprises Factory Fire and the Struggle for Justice Editors Miriam Saage-Maaß Peer Zumbansen European Center for Constitutional and Faculty of Law Human Rights McGill University Berlin, Germany Montreal, QC, Canada Michael Bader Palvasha Shahab European Center for Constitutional and Rasheed Razvi Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights Human Rights Berlin, Germany Karachi, Pakistan ISSN 2509-2960 ISSN 2509-2979 (electronic) Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights ISBN 978-3-030-73834-1 ISBN 978-3-030-73835-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to those who lost their lives in the Ali Enterprises factory fire on 11 September 2012: Muhammad Adil, Muhammad Azif, Inayatullah, Zaitoon, Hameedullah, Shahzad Jerome, Aneel Jerome, Hafizullah, Muhhamad Muzamil, Irshad Khan, Abdul Shakoor, Muhammad Latif, Jaffar Hussain, Muhammad Imran, Hamid, Arslan, Shahbaz Ahmed, Anil Khan, Muhammad Noor Alam, Muhammad Kalimuddin Ansari, Muhammad Azeem, Muhammad Jameel, Muhammad Amir, Hayat Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Ejaz, Shafquat Mehmood, Deedar Ahmed, Muhammad Asghar, Abid Ali, Muhammad Hussain, Aamir Ghulam, Junaid Malik, Muhammad Rafaquat Ali, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Qaiser Noman, Muhammad Raheel, Amna Bibi, Muhammad Jabbar Khan, Muhammad Shahabuddin, Rafiq Ahmed, Shoaib, Sajid-ur-Rehman, Noshad Ali Shah, Ayaz Ali Shah, Nasreen Naz, Mujahid Hussain, Attaullah Nabeel, Pervez, Ghulam Sarwar, Ahsan Jawed, Amanat Ali, Muhammad Owais, Pervez Ghulam, Farhan, Saeed Muhammad, Muhammad Ayaz, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Shoaib, Irfan Ali, Kamal-ud-din, Muhammad Atif, Nasreen, Perveen, Saima Ghani, Shah Alam Hussain, Aamir Aftab, Muhammad Arman, Shahid, Ruqayya Perveen, Muhammad Farhan, Muhammad Hanif, Muhammad Dilawar, Ghulam Rasool, Abid Ali, Waqas, Muhammad Ahsan, Raees Ahmed, Muhammad Ashfaq, Shazad Junaid, Shah Nawaz, Shabbir Ahmed, Jahangir, Gohar Ali, Irshad Ali, Muhammad Shan, Tajuddin, Muhammad Mehmood, Saba, Zahid Akthar, Ikhlaq Kiran, Muhammad Sohail, Rizwan Ahmed, Muhammad Faizan, Asim Ahmed, Sjida, Muhammad Alam, Jaffar Alam, Salma Bibi, Danish, Shamim Akthar, Muhammad Faisal Shah, Mujahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Iqbal, Qamar-uz-Zaman, Ashfaq, Zeeshan Ahmed, Syed Muhammad Iqbal, Habib Khan, Muhammad Waseem, Imran Khan, Sameer Ahmed, Tanveer, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Jahanzeb, Allah Nawaz, Muhammad Shahid, Wahid, Syed Masood-ul- Hassan Rizvi, Muhammad Siddique, Alyan Ali Hamza, Muhammad Anwar Hussain, Abdul Qayyum Aziz, Muhammad Jawed, Muhammad Iqbal Qadri, Furqan Alam, Muhammad Saleem Ahmed, Shoaib, Khalil Ahmed, Muhammad Mustafa, Allah Rakha, Muhammad Kamran, Zahid Hussain, Abbas Ali, Muhammad Waseem, Farzana Begum, Syed Wali Hussain Mazhar, Zaqar-un-nisa, Muhammad Shabaz, Abdul Majeed, Abdul Rauf, Allauddin, Naim-ud-din, Nadir Hussain, Rashida Bibi, Nasar Ali, Tanveer Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Israr, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Nadeem, Farhan, Syed Sarfaraz Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Adil Ahmed, Muhammad Haris Khan, Sajid Ali Haider, Muhammad Aamir, Zareena Begum, Tehmeena, Zohra Khatoon, Muhammad Adeel, Sajid Ali, Israr Ahmed, Faisal, Muhammad Ali Hussain, Muhammad Farooq, Ziaul Haq, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Shabaz, Saijid Hussain, Zeeshan Ahmed, Kalam Khan, Syeda Zoya, Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Kashif, Muslim, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Hashim, Hasnain, Muhammad Kamran, Shabaz, Muhammad Imran, Amman, Muhammad Essa, Mushtaque Ahmed, Muhammad Fayyaz, Muhammad Ejaz, Muhammad Kamran, Nazim-ud-din, Muhammad Ishaque, Mahrab Khan, Muhammad Akram, Sanawar, Muhammad Farhan, Muhammad Fasihuddin, Shamsher Ali, Hammad Ali, Muhammad Zubair, Waqas Ahmed, Syed Ejaz Ali, Huma, Sana, Naeem Ahmed, Muhammad Nadeem, Ikhlaq Hussain, Kamaluddin, Muhammad Jamshed Chughai, Attar, Muhammad Nazeer, Ejaz Ahmed, Elahi Bux, Sameena Jawed, Muhammad Jawed, Usman Ali, Sajid, Zeeshan Serwar, Athar Ali, Muhammad Azeem, Nabi Hussain, Faisal Rehman, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Basit, Nabi Hussain, Muhammad Badar Iqbal, Muhammad Shamim, Akthar Siddiqui, Allah Rakho, Muhammad Saud, Faraz, Muhammad Hanif, Rahmat Ali, Muhammad Akmal, Ghulam Husnain, Muhammad Majid, Riaz Ahmed, Muhammad Danish Jamil Faridi, Obaidullah, Muhammad Sohail, Rubab Azmat, Saba, Sumaira, Saeed, Syed Mehmood Shah, Rafiqan Bibi, Adil Khan, Asif Aziz, Waqar Ahmed, Muhammad Wasim, Muhammad Tufail, Muhammad Jawed Khan, Sharjeel Ahmed, Shafiq-ul-Islam, and Abdul Hafeez. Preface The fire at the Ali Enterprises textile factory on 11 September 2012 in Karachi, Sindh, is the deadliest industrial disaster recorded in Pakistan’s history since the country’s independence in 1947.1 At least 255 workers lost their lives in the flames and 55 more were severely injured. The high number of deaths was due to the widespread neglect of basic fire safety measures in the factory building: windows were barred and emergency exits closed; fire alarms and fire extinguishers were absent; and workers were not trained on what to do in emergency situations. The immediate responses from both government agencies and companies largely sought to shift responsibility for the high death toll