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TAXON:Aristolochia Trilobata L. SCORE:3.0 RATING:Evaluate TAXON: Aristolochia trilobata L. SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Taxon: Aristolochia trilobata L. Family: Aristolochiaceae Common Name(s): Dutchman's pipe Synonym(s): Aristolochia caracasana Spreng. Aristolochia macroura Gomes Aristolochia trifida Lam. Howardia surinamensis (Willd.) HowardiaKlotzsch trifida (Lam.) Klotzsch Howardia trilobata (L.) Klotzsch Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 2 Mar 2017 WRA Score: 3.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Tropical, Vine, Shade-Tolerant, Unarmed, Gravity-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens Creation Date: 2 Mar 2017 (Aristolochia trilobata L.) Page 1 of 17 TAXON: Aristolochia trilobata L. SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation 607 Minimum generative time (years) Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 2 Mar 2017 (Aristolochia trilobata L.) Page 2 of 17 TAXON: Aristolochia trilobata L. SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Pfeifer, H. (1966). Revision of the North and Central American Hexandrous Species of Aristolochia No evidence of domestication (Aristolochiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 53(2), 115-196 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native: Southern America Brazil: Brazil - Bahia, - Espirito Santo, - Para, - Parana, - Rio de Janeiro, - Santa Catarina, - Sao Paulo Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda; Bermuda; Cuba; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Puerto Rico; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines - St. Vincent; Trinidad and USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Tobago - Trinidad; Virgin Islands (British) - Tortola; Virgin Islands 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online (U.S.) - St. Thomas Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Central America: Belize; Costa Rica; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama [Accessed 1 Mar 2017] Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela - Carabobo, - Federal District Southern South America: Argentina - Buenos Aires, - Chaco, - Corrientes, - Entre Rios, - Misiones, - Santa Fe; Uruguay Western South America: Colombia" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 1 Mar 2017] Creation Date: 2 Mar 2017 (Aristolochia trilobata L.) Page 3 of 17 TAXON: Aristolochia trilobata L. SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes "Hardiness: USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) Dave's Garden. 2017. Dutchman's Pipe - Aristolochia USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) trilobata. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/55366/. USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) [Accessed 1 Mar 2017] USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" Trade Winds Fruit. 2017. Dutchman's Pipe - Aristolochia "It is quite adaptable and can be grown in subtropical areas, tropical trilobata. areas, and any place where temperatures don't frequently drop http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/content/dutchmans- below 30F." pipe.htm. [Accessed 1 Mar 2017] Nicolson, D.H. 1991. Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, "New World tropics; in Dominica near east coast at 300 m" Number 77, 274 pp. Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Pfeifer, H. (1966). Revision of the North and Central "At clearing margins, in thickets and woodlands, along the Caribbean American Hexandrous Species of Aristolochia side of Central America from British Honduras to Panama, and (Aristolochiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical throughout the West Indies." Garden, 53(2), 115-196 Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Aristolochia trilobata Linnaeus Imada, C.T., Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. Annotated Synonyms: Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai͚i. Syn. Aristolochia macroura Gomes http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedp Locations: lants/. [Accessed 2 Mar 2017] Ho͚omaluhia Botanical Garden Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden" "This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Oakland, California Petaluma, California San Francisco, California Cape Coral, Dave's Garden. 2017. Dutchman's Pipe - Aristolochia Florida Jacksonville, Florida Lutz, Florida New Port Richey, Florida trilobata. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/55366/. Saint Petersburg, Florida Sarasota, Florida Ocean Springs, [Accessed 1 Mar 2017] Mississippi Galveston, Texas San Antonio, Texas Spring, Texas Salisbury, Vermont" Boos, J. O. (1986). The Family Aristolochiaceae in Trinidad, "This plant is perhaps the most widely distributed species of with reference to its medicinal uses, its folklore, and its Aristolochia in the area, being found throughout the West Indies, use as a larval foodplant by Papilionidae. Living World, down the Gulf Coast of Mexico through Central America, Panama Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club, and into South America. I have found it only under cultivation on 1985-1986: 48-51 Trinidad and Tobago." 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Creation Date: 2 Mar 2017 (Aristolochia trilobata L.) Page 4 of 17 TAXON: Aristolochia trilobata L. SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes "This plant is perhaps the most widely distributed species of Boos, J. O. (1986). The Family Aristolochiaceae in Trinidad, Aristolochia in the area, being found throughout the West Indies, with reference to its medicinal uses, its folklore, and its down the Gulf Coast of Mexico through Central America, Panama use as a larval foodplant by Papilionidae. Living World, and into South America. I have found it only under cultivation on Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club, Trinidad and Tobago. However, it has been reported from the 1985-1986: 48-51 Manzanilla Road growing wild, but human habitation occurs in this area so it probably has gone wild from someone's garden." [No evidence for A. trilobata] "Aristolochia labiata, a South American plant, in our area is known only from cultivated plants; it may be becoming naturalized in some areas." ... "Aristolochia ringens is Pfeifer, H. (1966). Revision of the North and Central naturalized in Florida. I suspect it is a native of South America and American Hexandrous Species of Aristolochia only secondarily introduced in our area." ... "Aristolochia clematiti ... (Aristolochiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical European; said to be naturalized from gardens and on ballast in a Garden, 53(2), 115-196 few localities, evidently not spreading actively into new areas (Baltimore, Maryland; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; Ithaca, New York and Montreal, Quebec)." [No evidence of A.
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