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A Synthesis of Archaeological Studies on the Utah Test and Training Range Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository) Depository) 1999 A Synthesis of Archaeological Studies on the Utah Test and Training Range U.S. Air Force Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/govdocs Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons Recommended Citation U.S. Air Force, "A Synthesis of Archaeological Studies on the Utah Test and Training Range" (1999). All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository). Paper 489. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/govdocs/489 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository) at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1111111111111111111111111111111 PB99-178055 A SYNTHESIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES []N THE UTAH TEST AND TRAINING RANGE u.s. Air Force Air Force Materiel Command Hill Air Force Base, Utah REPRODUCED BY: tIJ]S. u.s. Department of Commerce National Technicallnfonnation Service Springfield, Virginia 22161 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 12. REPORT DATE 13. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 1999 Final Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5, FUNDING NUMBERS A Synthesis of Archaeological Studies on the Utah Test and Training Range NPS C 1443-CX-1200-95-002 6. AUTHORS Joseph A. Ezzo, with contributions by Keith B, Knoblock and S. Greg Johnson 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Statistical Research, Inc. REPORT NUMBER P.O. Box 31865 Technical Report 98-32 Tucson, AZ 85751 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY National Park Service REPORT NUMBER Interagency Archeological Services Denver 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Funding provided by the Legacy Resource Management Program (DoD #9301016), Historical Research for Multiservice Weapons, to the U.S. Air Force, Air Force Materiel Command, Ogden Air Logistics Center, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, and administered through the National Park Service, I nteragency Archeological Services, Denver, Contract No. 1443-CX-1200-95-002. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) This report, conducted by Statistical Research, Inc., under contract with the National Park Service, is a synthesis of research to date on the prehistoric and historical archaeology of the Utah Testing and Training Range, two U.S. Air Force training ranges under the jurisdiction of Hill Air Force Base. Results are presented in eight chapters. Topics include present and past environments, paleontological resources, a cultural-historical overview, previous research in the project area (including information on all archaeological resources known as of October 1998), and Native American concerns. This synthesis is used as the backdrop for a brief research design for both prehistoric and historical- period cultural resources. Salient prehistoric contexts include settlement and land use, cultural affiliation, lithic technology, and the evolution of Great Basin ceramic traditions. Historical themes include ranching, mining, transportation, Native American-Euroamerican interactions, government campaigns and exploration, Mormon settlement, and World War II-era use of the region. The report concludes with manage- ment recommendations. A glossary of key terms and an annotated references-cited section are also included. A popular version of this report is also available. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES prehistoric archaeology, historical archaeology, Great Basin, Utah Test and Training Range 143 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Computer Generated STANDARD FORM 298 (Rev 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std 239-18 298-102 A SYNTHESIS []F ARCHAE[]L[]GICAL STUDIES []N THE UTAH TEST AND TRAINING RANGE Joseph A. Ezzo with contributions by Keith B. Knoblock and S. Greg Johnson Prepared under the supervision of Teresita Majewski, Principal Investigator Funding provided by the Legacy Resource Management Program, DoD #9301016, Historical Research for Multiservice Weapons, to the u.s. Air Force, Air Force Materiel Command, Ogden Air Logistics Center, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, and administered through the National Park Service, Interagency Archeological Services, Denver, Contract No. 1443-CX-1200-95-002 Technical Report 98-32 Statistical Research, Inc. Tucson, Arizona 1999 TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI), undertook a synthetic study of the prehistory, history, and paleontology of the Utah Testing and Training Range (UTTR) under contract with the National Park Service (NPS), Interagency Archeological Services, Denver (Contract No. 1443-CX-1200-95-002). Funding was provided for the project by the Legacy Resource Management Program, DoD #9301016, Historical Research for Multiservice Weapons, to the U.S. Air Force, Air Force Materiel Command, Ogden Air Logistics Center, Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah. The results are presented in eight chapters. Overviews of the present and past environments, paleontological resources, prehistory, history, and Native American concerns, as well as a research design are presented. The environmental section focuses on the characteristics of the UTTR, including climate, phys­ iography, modem biotic communities, and paleoenvironments. The paleontology section is described by geological period, with a discussion of fossil types found in and around the UTTR for each period. The research design highlights salient issues in prehistory, such as settlement and land use, cultural affil­ iation, lithic technology, and the evolution of Great Basin ceramic traditions. Historical themes include ranching, mining, transportation, Native American-Euroamerican interactions, government campaigns and exploration, Mormon settlement, and World War II-era use ofthe region. The prehistory section describes the culture history of the region as well as the 209 sites recorded on the UTTR as of December 1998. The history section presents a narrative of European exploration and settlement of the region as well as historical-period sites previously recorded within the UTTR. The chapter on Native American concerns discusses ethnography and contemporary issues such as the identification of traditional cultural properties (TCPs). The report concludes with management recom­ mendations. A glossary of key terms and an annotated referenced-cited section are also included. An appendix lists the known cultural resources located on the UTTR as of October 1998. III POPULAR ABSTRACT This volume provides a glimpse into the landscapes and the people of northwestern Utah, an area known as the Utah Testing and Training Range (UTTR), which is administered by Hill Air Force Base (AFB). The journey begins more than 500 million years ago, when the earliest life-forms-small, crablike creatures known as trilobites-swam in the warm, shallow seas that covered the region. The record of fossils is followed until about 10,000 years ago, when human beings made their initial entry into the region. The drama is heightened as these bold new inhabitants-who lived by hunting and gathering wild foods-battled for survival and attempted to tame the unforgiving landscape they shared with massive bison, camels, horses, and mammoths. The many adjustments humans made to the challenging and changing landscape of the region are described: the extinction of the great mammals just mentioned, the disappearance of the huge rain-fed lakes in the region, the increasing desertlike conditions, movements of other peoples into the region, the adoption of com and other crops and a more settled way of life, and, finally, the Native Americans' first encounters with European explorers and settlers. After this last event, changes become even more rapid, as wagon trails give way to railroads and then highways, as miners and speculators tapped into the natural resources of the region, and a country at war selected the region as a locality in which to train soldiers and test and store weapons. Throughout the journey, the theme of the relationship of humans to the land-the rugged, desert landscape of the UTTR-lies at the heart of the narrative. This technical version of the story contains overviews of the present and past environments, paleontological resource, prehistory, history, Native American concerns, and a research design
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