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WOW South Asia 5/3/04 8:24 AM Page 200 77197_Text 5/3/04 7:56 AM Page 199 SRI LANKA PAGE 199 5. Sri Lanka Statistics GENERAL Population ■ To tal population: 19,100,000.1 ■ Population by sex: 9,406,580 (female) and 9,880,490 (male).2 ■ Percentage of population aged 0–14: 26.0.3 ■ Percentage of population aged 15–24: 19.1.4 ■ Percentage of population in rural areas: 77.5 Economy ■ Annual percentage growth of gross domestic product (GDP): 5.0.6 ■ Gross national income per capita: USD 840.7 ■ Government expenditure on health: 1.8% of GDP.8 ■ Government expenditure on education: 2.9% of GDP.9 ■ Population below the poverty line: 25.0% (below national poverty line); 6.6% (below USD 1a day poverty line); 45.4% (below USD 2 a day poverty line).10 WOMEN’S STATUS ■ Life expectancy: 75.9 (female) and 69.9 (male).11 ■ Average age at marriage: 24.4 (female) and 27.9 (male).12 ■ Labor force participation: 41.6% (female) and 82.4% (male).13 ■ Percentage of employed women in agricultural labor force: 48.8.14 ■ Percentage of women among administrative and managerial workers: 15.15 ■ Literacy rate among population aged 15 and older: 89% (female) and 94% (male).16 ■ Percentage of female-headed households: Information unavailable.17 ■ Percentage of seats held by women in national government: 4.18 CONTRACEPTION ■ To tal fertility rate: 2.01 lifetime births per woman.19 ■ Contraceptive prevalence rate among married women aged 15–49: 66% (any method) and 44% (modern methods).20 ■ Prevalence of sterilization among couples: 27.2% (total); 23.5% (female); 3.7% (male).21 ■ Sterilization as a percentage of overall contraceptive prevalence: 41.1.22 WOW South Asia 5/3/04 8:24 AM Page 200 PAGE 200 WOMEN OF THE WORLD: MATERNAL HEALTH I Lifetime risk of maternal death: 1 in 610 women.23 I Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births: 92.24 I Percentage of pregnant women with anemia: 39.25 I Percentage of births monitored by trained attendants: 94.26 ABORTION I Total number of abortions per year: Information unavailable.27 I Annual number of hospitalizations for abortion-related complications: Information unavailable.28 I Rate of abortion per 1,000 women aged 15-44: 8.3.29 I Breakdown by age of women obtaining abortions: 5.0% (under 20); 26.0% (between 20–24); 28.0% (between 25–29); 26.0% (between 30–34); 15.0% (between 25–39).30 I Percentage of abortions that are obtained by married women: 98.0.31 SEXUALLY TRANSMISSIBLE INFECTIONS (STIs) AND HIV/AIDS I Number of people living with sexually transmissible infections: Information unavailable. I Number of people living with HIV/AIDS: 4,800.32ss I Percentage of people aged 15–24 living with HIV/AIDS: 0.04 (female) and 0.03 (male).33 I Estimated number of deaths due to AIDS:250.34 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS I Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births: 20.35 I Under five mortality rate per 1,000 live births: 16 (female) and 30 (male).36 I Gross primary school enrollment ratio: 104 (female) and 107 (male).37 I Primary school completion rate: 102% (female) and 98% (male).38 I Number of births per 1,000 women aged 15–19: 22.39 I Contraceptive prevalence rates among married female adolescents:10.7% (modern methods);9.5% (traditional methods);20.2% (any method).40 I Percentage of abortions that are obtained by women younger than age 20: 5.0.41 I Number of children under the age of 15 living with HIV/AIDS: <100.42 WOW South Asia 5/3/04 8:24 AM Page 201 SRI LANKA PAGE 201 ENDNOTES 1. See United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA),The State of World Population 33. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 75. 2003,at75(2003) [hereinafter The State of World Population 2003]. Estimates for 34. See UNAIDS, supra note 32, at 2. 2003. 35. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 71. 2. See United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA),UNFPA Country Profiles, available at 36. See UNFPA Country Profiles, supra note 2. http://www.unfpa.org/profile/default.cfm (last visited Aug.12, 2003) [hereinafter 37. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 71. The ratios indicate UNFPA Country Profiles]. Estimates for 2001. the number of students enrolled per 100 individuals in the appropriate age group. The 3. See The World Bank,World Development Indicators 2003,at40(2003) [here- ratio may be more than 100 because the figures remain uncorrected for individuals who inafter World Development Indicators 2003]. Estimates for 2001. are older than the level-appropriate age due to late starts, interrupted schooling or grade 4. See UNFPA Country Profiles, supra note 2. repetition. 5. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 75. Estimates for 2001. 38. See id., at 70. 6. See World Development Indicators 2003,supra note 3, at 188. Estimates for 1990- 39. See id., at 71. 2001. 40. See Saroj Pachauri & K.G. Santhya, Reproductive Choices for Asian Adolescents:A Focus 7. See The World Bank,World Development Indicators 2003, Data Query, available on Contraceptive Behavior, 28 Int’l Fam. Planning Persp.186-195 (2002), available at at http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ (last visited Feb. 24, 2004). The statistical http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/2818602t.html (last visited Aug.21, 2003). Esti- figure was obtained through the Atlas method. Estimates for 2002. mates for 1987. 8. See The World Bank,World Development report 2004, at 257 (2003). Estimates 41. See Akinrinola Bankole et al., supra note 30. The statistical figures were obtained for 2000. through ad hoc surveys and hospital records. The statistic for age-group 40 and older is 9. See United Nations, Infonation, Government Education Expenditure, available at included in the age-group 35-39. http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/infonation/e_infonation.htm (last visited 42. See UNAIDS, supra note 32, at 2. Dec. 18, 2003). Estimates for 1990-99. 10. See World Development Indicators 2003, supra note 3, at 60. The statistical figures were based on 1995-96. 11. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 71. 12. See UNFPA Country Profiles, supra note 2. 13. See id. 14. Information on file with the Center for Reproductive Rights. 15. See United Nations,The World’s Women 2000, at 147 (2000). 16. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 71. 17.While The World’s Women 2000 provides statistics for other countries, the informa- tion for Sri Lanka is unavailable in the report. 18. See Save the Children, State of World’s Mothers 2003,at41(2003) [hereinafter State of World’s Mothers 2003]. This indicator represents the percentage of seats in national legislatures or parliaments occupied by women. 19. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 75. 20. See id. 21. See EngenderHealth, Contraceptive Sterilization: Global Issues and Trends, tbl. 2.2, at 47 (2002). Estimates for 1993. 22. See id., tbl. 2.5, at 56. 23. See WHO et al., Maternal Mortality in 1995: Estimates Developed by WHO, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), UNFPA 46 (2001). Estimates for 1995. 24. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 71. 25. See State of World’s Mothers 2003, supra note 18, at 41. 26. See The State of World Population 2003, supra note 1, at 75. 27.While the article, The Incidence of Abortion Worldwide in International Family Planning Perspectives, provides statistics for Bangladesh and India, the information for Sri Lanka is unavailable. 28.While the article, The Incidence of Abortion Worldwide in International Family Planning Perspectives, provides statistics for Bangladesh, the information for Sri Lanka is unavail- able. 29. See World Health Organization South-East Asia Region (WHOSEA),Women’s Health in South-East Asia,Women’s health and development indicators- Sri Lanka, at http://w3.whosea.org/women/srilanka_1.htm (last visited Aug.19, 2003). Estimate for 1995. 30. See Akinrinola Bankole et al., Characteristics of Women Who Obtain Induced Abortion:A Worldwide Review, 25 Int’l Fam. Planning Persp. 68-77 (1999) [hereinafter Akinrinola Bankole et al.],available at http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/2506899.html (last visited Aug.21, 2003). The statistical figures were obtained through ad hoc surveys and hospital records. The statistic for age-group 40 and older is included in the age-group 35-39. Estimate for 1991-1992. 31. See id. The statistical figures were obtained through ad hoc surveys and hospital records. Estimates for 1991-1992. 32. See UNAIDS & World Health Organization (WHO), Epidemiological Fact Sheets on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections Updated 18 August 2003: Sri Lanka 2 (2003) [hereinafter UNAIDS], available at http://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/home.asp (last visited Aug.18, 2003). Estimates for 2001. WOW South Asia 5/3/04 8:24 AM Page 202 PAGE 202 WOMEN OF THE WORLD: he first inhabitants of Sri Lanka were ethnic Sinhalese mentary government with a new system of government, who arrived from northern India around 500 B.C. A rich modeled after France, with a strong presidency.18 The new T civilization flourished in the north-central region of the constitution also addressed Tamil concerns through several country between 300 B.C. and 1200 A.D., and became important changes, such as the recognition of Tamil as a known for its state sponsorship of Buddhism.1 The political “national language.”However,as in the previous constitution, support for Buddhism led to its entrenchment and domi- Sinhala remained the sole official language, Buddhism nance within Sri Lankan society, marking a contrast to the retained the “foremost place” under the law, and Tamil areas diminution of the religion in neighboring India.2 During were denied federal
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