393 . a NEW NEOCALAMITES from the CARNIC FORMATION in JAPAN with BRIEF NOTES on NEOCALAMITES and LORATANNULARIA in ASIA* Reasons

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S., No.40. pp.339-351, pls. 40-41, Nov. 30, 1951.

. A NEW NEOCALAMITES FROM THE CARNIC FORMATION IN JAPAN WITH BRIEF NOTES ON NEOCALAMITES AND LORATANNULARIA IN ASIA*

ENZO KON'NO

Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku Universitv

and

GENTARO NAITO

Oomine Upper Secondary School

山口県Carnic層(桃木層)産Ｎacoalamitesの1新種の記載並びに東亜産のNroraia mites及びlotbatamundaria:本標本はさきにLabalunmdariaと考えていたがその後東亜産のNeocalamitesとLobatanmnlariaとを詳細に比較検討した結果こゝにNeocatamitesの新種として発表することにした。今野円蔵・内藤源太朗

reasons. which will be given and dis. Introduction and Acknowledgements cussed in details in the present paper. This paper contains a description of a The Mine Group is generally subdivided new species of Neacalmodes collected by into such three formations as in descend- N. OKABE and the junior author in ing order Aso. Momonoki. and Hira- from the Momonoki formation 1954 ra. Of them the Momonoki formation,ba of the Mind Group at about Lat. 34•‹11' though Halobia sp. aff. aotii was collected N. and Long. 131•‹10' E.. Yamaguchi Pre- by the junior author from its uppermost fecture. Japan. with some brief notes on horizon, consists mainly of non-marine Neoralamites and Labatannularia in Asia. sediments with rich plant fossils and After his preliminary investigation. the several workable coal-seams, overlain

junior author entrusted the senior with conformably by the Aso formation and detailed examination of his materials, underlain with some slight disconformity which are deposited in Geological and by the Ifirabant. (IIASE. 1950, pp.113- Paleontological Institute of the Tohoku 119: TOKUYAMA, 1958. pp.154-463). Ac- University (IGPS) Mainly because of cording to the correlation-table of the the presence of the large terminal leaf- Triassic System in the Yamaguchi Pre- whorl as well as the lateral one divided fecture given by T. KOBAYASHI,K. ICHI- into two lobes, both showing somewhat KAWA and A. HASE (ICHIKAWA.1951. p. marked anisophylly. the present authors 2), the Mine Group is considered as Car- referred these specimens at first to Loba- nic in age, representing the lower half tannularia. but they would now prefer of the Neo-Triassic Series in Japan. and to bring them into Neocalamites for thus the lower part of the Momonoki formation, from which our present speci- * Received Nov. 16. 1959: read Nov 30 1957; mens were collected, is safely referable to

339

393 340 Enzo KONNO and Gentaro NAITO

the Carnic or rather to the middle of it. to the base. Terminal whorl well de- Before presenting the description. they veloped. Each leaf-whorl slightly aniso-

wish to express their sincere thanks to phyllous. of which longest leaf 70mm.- Professor Emeritus H. YABE and Pro- 30mm. in length while shortest one near

fessor S. IIANZAWA. of t he Tohoku Univer- proximal gap about 45mm. and thus sity. for their kind helps to complete the ratio in length between them 1.8 or less. present studies. Thanks are also due to Leaf-segment linear- lanceolate. 4.0-5.3 Dr. K. ASANIA of the Tohoku University mm. across at its widest part. gradually and Professor N. KORATAKE of Institute of tapered towards sharply pointed mucro- Geological Science. South College. Osaka nate apex and less gradually to basal University. who gave us many opport- end where no petiole defined: midrib unities for discussion of Lobatannularia thick and persistent, 1.2-1.3mm. across, and its allied genera. This study was occupying about one-fourth of maximum partly financed by a grant from the Sci- width of leaf, terminated in stiff mucro; ence Research Fund of the Ministry of lamina between midrib and lateral mar- Education. gin traversed by fine and crowded trans- verse striations. Description (2) Minor type of foliage—Lateral stem with internodes 24-28mm. long by Genus Neotalamites HALLE, 1908 1.1-13mm. wide. Leaf-whorl consists of

Neocatamites minensis n. sp. leaves, divided into 2 equal lateral 10 groups with wide proximal gap of 160•‹- Pls. 40 and 41. Text tiga. 1. 2. 190•‹ between them. Each leaf linear. Type-specimens-IGPS coll. cat. no lanceolate, about 40 mm. long by 2.5mm. 76237 (shown in Pl. 41. fig. 40 IGPScoll wide in general, with thick midrib of cat. no.76234 (shown in Pl. 41. fig. 5). 0.6-0.7mm. in thickness. Leaves in a whorl generally free to base, but occa- Diagnosis: sionally coalescent for their considerable (1) Major type of foliage.—Ultimate length. Ratio of length of longest leaf stem with internodes 45mm. long by 4 to shortest about 1.4. mm. wide in main part. 33mm. by 1.5mm. -16mm . by 1mm. near apex, longitudinal Measurements and remarks: ridges on surface of narrow apical inter- (1) Specimens of Major type-The node possibly equal to leaves of adjacent one type-specimen shown in Pl. 41, fig. leaf whorl in number. Leaf-whorl, large, 4 (see also Text.fig. 2B) bears four in- reniform, composed of 8-12. generally 10 ternodes and four leaf-whorls; the apical leaves, spreading out in one plane nearly whorl seems to represent a real terminal

parallel to axis. Lateral leaf-whorl whorl to judge from its individual leaves divided into 2 equal groups. one on each touching one another for their consider- side of node. leaving between them large able length and the internode just below proximal gap of 130•‹-170•‹ and small being extremely shorter and thinner apical one of 30•‹-60•‹ or less: leaves near than the rest. The other specimen also

proximal gap point slightly backwards with four joints shown in Pl. 40, fig. 1b and then bend outwards and forwards, coincides with the above mentioned type while those near apical one nearly in every important respect as: the inter- straight, all of which entirely free down nodes reduce the length successively and 393. A new Neocalamites from the Carnic Formation in Japan 341

Table 1. Lateral stens of Major type.

Table 2. Lateral stem of Minor type

rapidly towards the apex of the shoot: lanceolate in form. Thus it is quite the stem bends. though slightly. at every certain that all these specimens differ node to take zigzag shape. but neither essentially from any species of Lobatan- branch nor branch scar can be detected nulatta hitherto known. on node even under microscope. The (2) Specimens of Minor type.—In the second type specimen is shown in Pl. 41. specimen shown in P1. 40, fig. Id and its fig. 5 and its restoration in Text-fig. IB. illustration in Text-fig. 1A, the terminal In this specimen the basal part of a leaf- whorls are well defined; leaves in a whorl is fairly well preserved, showing whorl spread out in a plane parallel to the proximal gap is very wide (about the axis, free down to the base, not 170•‹). basal leaves very long measuring spatulate but linear-lanceolate even near as long as 35 mm., linear-lanceolate. point- the basal gap; the ratio in length of ing slightly backwards and then out- the longest leaf to the shortest is 40/28 wards and forwards. Pl. 40. figs. lc and 1.4. The leaves in a whorl either= ter- 2 show two well-developed terminal minal or lateral are usually free to the whorls. in which the shortest basal leaves base, but occasionally some lateral whorl measure as long as 40mm. and linear- is divided into two tightly fused lobes 342 Enzo KON'NO and Gentaro NAITO

unfortunately no substance of internode is preserved. At first glance this speci- A men appears to bear two branches of unequal length one on each side of the node, and if really so. then the ramification of this specimen resembles to a certain extent that of Lobatannalaria. The ramification is evidently one of the most important criteria to distinguish Neocalamiles from Lobalanmularia as will be discussed in the following chapter. Unfortunately, however, the present specimens are too impertect in preservation to draw any reliable conclusion on the ramification of the present species herefrom. t (3) Relation between the Major and the Minor types-As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the leaves in the Major type are

Test-fig. 1 Neocalamwities, minensis. A: drawing of specimen of Minor type shown in Pl. 40. fig. Id. where lateral stems are preserved with their axes nearly parallel. B: type-specimen drawn from the specimen shown in Pl. 41. fig. 5. as seen on the left hand side of the uppermost specimen out of the four shown in Text fig. IA. Another specimen shown in Pl. 41. fig. le (see also Text-fig. 2A), appears to represent apical part of a foliage. This seems quite worthy to note because the stem appears to bear a pair of thin branches with a single internode one on each side of the node: the left- hand one has a thin internode substance Text-fig. 2. Neocalamites minensis. of which is actually preserved, but even A: distal part of a small stern associated with 2 slender branch-like shoots at a in this case the feature of its very attach- node, drawn from the specimen shown ing point to the parent axis is not cer- in Pl. 40, fig. 1e. tain; the other right-hand example ap- B: type-specimen drawn from the specimens pears to have a much shorter internode shown in Pl. 41, fig. 4 and its counter- than the above-said left-hand one, but part shown in Pl. 40, fig. 1a. 393. A new Neocalamiles from the Garnic Formation in Japan 343

typically 75mm. long by 5-5.3mm. wide sumably be due to that it belongs to the

with the midrib 1.3 mm. across. whereas distal part of a large leafy main stem in the Minor type they are 40 mm. long represented by the Major type, instead

by 2.5 mm. wide with the midrib of 0.63 of immaturity in development of a young

mm. in width. Thus between these two shoot.

types there is a considerably wide gap

in size, because the leaf of the Major Comparison with other species:

type is about twice as long and wide as (1) Comparison with Lobalannularia

that of the other. and so is its midrib ensifolia (HALLEL-This Permian species

in thickness. To ascertain if there are occurs in the Upper Shihhotse Series in

specimens of intermediate size. the Northen China, the Gigantopteris-bearing

maximum width of both lamina-L and formations in Southern China and the

the midrib(M) of all the available speci- Kobosan Series in Korea. Specimens of

mens at our disposal were carefully our Major type resemble to some extent

measured, and the results iL •~M) are the specimens of HALLE'S with leaf-

given in mm. below whorls consisting of leaves entirely free Major type: 3.0 •~1.0 (Pl. 41. fig. 3.4.0 to the base, e.g. that shown in his Pl.

1.0, •~1.5 •~1.35, 5.0 •~1.33. 5.3 •~1.2.•~ 1, fig. 1 (HALLE, 1927). Both of them

Alinor type: 25 •~0.6, 2.5 •~0.7. 2.8 •~0.63. have such characters in common as:

Intermedate type: 3.0 •~0.8. 3.8 •~0.75. 1) normal leaves are very large and

3.9 •~0.9. linear traversed by thick midrib with

Judging from these measurements ex- stiff mucro at apex, 2) the terminal

cluding 3.0 •~1.0 (Pl. 41. fig. 3, several whorl is large and fan-shaped and either

leaves included above in the Intermediate the terminal or the lateral whorl is flat-

type seem to prove the presence of tened in a plane nearly parallel to the various intermediate sizes linking the axis. 3) lateral leaf-whorl is divided into

other two types with each other. More- two distinct lobes with a wide gap be- over except the marked departure in tween them in the basal side, 4) leaves size. the Minor type coincides nearly near the basal gap of a whorl are shorter completely with the Major type in fea- than the rest. Thus these two species

ture of a leaf whorl-especially in form agree with each other in having the

of the individual leaf-segment. As shown dorsiventral ultimate branch with aniso- in Tables 1 and 2. the ratio of length phyllous leaf whorls. But L. ensifolia to breadth of each leadsegment ranges difffere rather considerably from the Mine in the Minor type from 25/2.5 to 40/2.5. species because in the former 1) leaves

that is from 10 to 16, while in the Major near the basal gap of a whorl are much type from 60/5 to 72/53. that is from shorter than the rest and spatulate in 12 to 14. Judging from all of these form, 2) anisophylly is much more pro- evidences it would be more preferable nounced, the longest leaves are at least

to place the Minor type in one and the 3-4 time and sometimes 8 times as long same species defined by the type-speci- as the shortest ones, whereas in ours

mens belonging to the Major type to they are only 1.8 or less times, 3) leaves separating the former type even as a of a whorl usually cohere for some dis- variety of the present species from the tance, while in ours they are entirely latter. To say in other words. such a free, 4) the stem shows a peculiar rami- small size of the Minor type would pre- fication called pseudodichotomy. Thus 344 Enzo KoN'NO and Gentaro NAITO it is certain that the distinctions between guishable from our Mine species. To the two species much outweigh the simi- recognize such the anisophylly correctly, larities, but it seems worthy to note the length of leaves-especially of those that these two species, though very re- nearest to the basal gap should he cor- motely separated in age. are equally rectly measured. In KOBATAKE'S illust- characterized by the presence of the ration of fig. I the outermost basal leaf large fan-shaped terminal whorls and the is drawn to have a complete outline. dorsiventral leafy ultimate shoots. However, it seems strange to find that (2) Comparison with Lobatannularia this basal leaf on the left-hand side of ensfrolia (HALLE) var. nariwaensis KOBA- the leaf-whorl points straightly back- TAKE.-This variety occurs in the Upper wards without showing any further out- Triassic formation near Nariwa District, ward or forward bending, and further Japan. KOBATAKE(1954, pp.71-72, Figs. that the adjacent leaf lying just above 1. 2) gave only three illustrations of the this basal one appears considerably detached terminal whorl with short des longer. possibly attaining, according to cription. To compare them with our our estimation, about twice as long as terminal whorls of the Major type e. g. the basal one and if so, then the change those shown in our Pl. 40, fig. lc and in length from the basal leaf to the next Text-fig. 2A. there are some close resem- upper seems to be too abrupt to be ex- blances found between them. e g. the pected as natural. Having no opportunity leaf-whorl is anisophyllous. composed of to examine his specimen for ourselves, linear and entirely free leaves, provided we requested KOBATAKE to re-exmine with a wide gap in the proximal side of the length of his outermost basal leaf the whorl, etc. However. the differences of the specimen shown in his fig. 1. In appear to outweigh the similarities, be- his kind answer he said that there was cause in the specimens of KOUATAKE'S no need for his illustration to be cor- the anisophylly in the leaf-whorl is much rected. but such missprints in his des- more remarkable as clearly shown in his cription of the basal leaf of a whorl in lig. 1, in which the longer leaves in the fig. I as " 18 mm. long by 6 mm." should' middle of a whorl measure 60 mm. in be corrected as "13 mm. long by a little length by 8 mm. in width, while the less than 6 mm". As to the form of the outermost basal ones are 13 mm. by less leaves in the middle of his whorl, KORA than 6 mm. and accordingly ratio of TARE described it as linear-lanceolate, length of the longest to the shortest but his illustrations appear to show it leaf is 60/13=4.5. whereas in the present is rather linear-oblanceolate, and if so species it is only 1.8 or less: the leaf- the specimens of KOBATAKE'Sresemble segment of the former is generally shorter to a certain extent some of either Loba- and broader than ours by about 70 mm. tannulana ensifolia reported by HALLE in length and by 5 mm. in width; basal (1927) or Annularirdnis inopinata ZEILLER? leaves nearest to the proximal gap of by Oism (1930, pp. 51-52, P1. VII, fig. 1). the whorl are spatulate in the former, Though all of these specimens reported while in ours they are linear-lanceolate. either by KOBATAKE or by OESHI seem Among these distinctions. the marked too imperfect to permit any reliable anisophylly is evidently most essential comparison with any definite genera as and but for this distinction the variety Lobalannularnd Annulariopsis, etc.. they of KOBATAKE'Smight hardly be distin- are important in proving that such the 393. A new Neocalamites from the Carnic Formation in Japan 345

Equisetacean plants characterized by the (70 mm. long by 5 mm. broad in the Annularialike leaf-whorl with oblanceo- former, while 90 mm. by 3 mm. in the late leaves were still existing in the latter), 3) leaf is linear-lanceolate and not Upper Triassic age in Japan. petiolate, 4) leaf-whorl consists of about (3) Comparison with Neocatermites car- 10 leaves instead of 1.4-18 in the latter, einoides HARRIS—This species was esta- 5) terminal whorl is large and fan-shaped. blished in 1931 based on numerous speci- Thus the present type-specimens are mens from the basal Liassic beds in distinct enough from N. careineides to Greenland (HARRIS, 1931, pp. 25-30: Pl. be worthy of specific rank. Besides the IV. figs. 2, 3, 5-7: Pl. V. figs. 1-5; Pl types, all the other specimens of both VI. figs. 1-6 Text-fig. 5A-D.), and re- Major and the Minor types resemble cently SZE (1956, pp. 120-122: Pl. I. figs. also closely the type-specimen of BARRIS'S. 1. la: Pl. H. figs. 1. la, 2 Pl. H figs. especially in feature of the basal region 1-3: Pl. IV, figs. 7. 8 PL IX, figs. 1-3) of the leaf-whorl. Thus it is sure that referred his specimens from the Yen- the present Mine species resembles very cluing format ion (Carno-Rhaet ic) in North- closely the leafy lateral stem of Type B western China to this species of Hymns's. of HARRS'S species. However, with the theets described two sorts of his speci- Yenchang specimens appears the matter mens of the leaf-bearing shoot. i. e. Type quite different. To judge from six figures B of lateral stems with normal leaf- of the leafy lateral shoot given by SZE whorls and Type C of small stems (1956). in the Yenchang specimens a leaf- characterized by leaves fused in two whorl is generally divided into two lan- lateral groups, and then he chose the ceolate or linear-lanceolate lobes, leaving specimen belonging to Type B Text-fig. between them wide gaps in both basal 5A) as the type of his species. His type- and the apical sides of the whorl: leaves specimen. which consists of a slender in each lobe run nearly parallel with lateral stern with three internodes and each other for the most part of their three lateral leaf-whorls, resemb es very length and then often slightly converge closely that of the present species (Pl. together in their apical region. In the 41. fig. 4 Text-fig. 2B). though in the present Mine species, on the contrary. fornier the apical part of the shoot is each lobe of a whorl is cuneate or oh- unfortunately missing. In both of these ovate in form with its leaves not con- type-specimens of HARRIS'S and ours a vergent but divergent throughout their leaf-whorl is large, consists of leaves whole length. Thus so far as concerning entirely free to the base. flattened in a with the form of the sheath-lobe only, plane nearly parallel to the axis; lower the Yenchang specimens, as previously leaves of a whorl point slightly back- suggested by PAN (1936, pp.13-14) with wards and then bend outwards and for- his material, resemble Schizoneura more wards, leaving thus a very wide gap in closely than any other known species of the basal side of the whorl; a leaf is Neocalamites. Moreover in Neocalamites very long and gradually tapered towards the midrib of the leaf is thick, persist- acutely pointed mucronate apex. Our ent and single or double in composition, type-specimen, however, differs from that often terminating in a stiff mucro at of HARRIS'S in the following respects: I) apex of the leaf, while in Schizoneura, anisophylly of a whorl is more pro- as cleared up by WILLS (1910a, 1910b), nounced, 2) leaf is shorter and broader the midrib is multiple being composed 346 Enzo KONNO and Gentaro of several fine nerves. In the Yenchang cote de la tige tantot alternent d'une examples. according to SZE (1956. p. 120). articulation a l'autre et tantot traversent " the midrib of leaf is generally not sans deviation Farticulation." Further, very conspicuous on some specimens". numerous similar examples of the main, and accordingly they differ in this re- stem belonging evidently to Schizoneura spect also from our Mine species. but paradoxa were reported by WILLS (1910a.. appear to resemble to some extent Schi- 1910b) from the lower Eeuper beds in zoneura. They cannot, however. belong England. In general feature, at least to Schizoneura. if the following inter- the specimens of WILLS'S A type quite pretation of SZE'S (1956, p. 120: is correct agree with Neocalamites hoerensis and as:" The whorl of leaves are probably others, and, according to WILLS (1910a,. flattened into plane of axis by twisting p. 281)" It is of interest to note that of petiole during the life of the plant. whereas in N hoerensis and also N. car- The leaves are usually free to their rerei these prints (leaf-scars) are separated bases.". because in Schizoneura leaf-whorl by only one or two ridges, in our sped- is generally divided into ceherent and mons there may be as many as eight constantly amplexicaul lobes. But it bet ween Iwo consecutive ones." In the seems often quite difficult to determine Yenchang stems, according to SZE (1956, whether these leaf-whorl were originally p. 120)," The leaf-traces are separated. flattened in the plane of axis during the in large stems by about 5-6 ribs occa- life of the plant or they were originally sionally by 7 ribs. and in smaller ones amplexicaul and subsequently crushed by 4 ribs." The leaf-whorl of the leafy during fossilization so as to assume also branch is composed in the Yenchang such the flattened condition. When the specimens of 10 leaves of more than 20 presence of the fan-shaped terminal cm. length by 5-6 mm. width, while in whorl as well as the anisophyllous leal. species of HARRIS'S and WILLS'S it con- whorl is clearly ascertained. then such sists of 14-18 leaves of 9 cm. length by the leafy branch can prove to have the 8 mm. width. 7 leaves of more than 12 lea(-whorl originally flattened in the plane cm. in length by 5-6 mm in width, re- of axis instead of amplexicaul, but among spectively. Thus in various respect this specimens reported by SZE.(1956) neither Yenchang plant appears to show some fan-shaped terminal nor markedly aniso- intermediate feature between Neocalamites phyllous leaf-whorl can be found. From arinoides HARRIS and Schizoneurac Para the same formation many well-preserved doxa WILLS sp., which tells these speci- specimens of the main stem were reported mens of SZE: Went to be somewhat Con- by SZE under the name of Neocalamites siderably different from the species of ARRIS. but it iscarcinoides not always H HARRIS'S. Thus we come to the conclu- easy to distinguish Neocalamites from sion that the present Mine species re- Schizoneura by means of the feature of sembles most closely .Neocalanntes car- the leafless stem. ZEILLER (1902. pp. 26- einoides HARRIS (non SZE), but differs 27. PI. VI. fig. 1) reported a similar speci- even from the latter in that the leafy men of the main stem of about 31 mm. stem is more markedly dorsiventral with width attached in organic connection by anisophyllous leaf-whorls either lateral a lateral leafy branch of definitely of or terminal. As above stated N. cad- Schizoneura gondwanensis type, in which, noides was established in 1931, but there- according to ZEILLER (1902. p." les after in 1937 this generic name was sub- 393. A new Neocalamites from the Carnic Formation in Japan 347 stituted by HARRIS himself for Lobatan- luxuriance is somewhat remotely sepa- in acceptance of such opinionnularia of rated, and consequently the typical KAWASAKI'S (1934. p. 66) that "HARRIS species of each genus are easily distingui- specimen shown in text-fig. 5A under shable from one another. However, there orah-wales carrinoides sp. nov. closelyNe are many forms intermediate in feature resembles Lobatanmdaria in the charac- between them. e. g. Annulariopsts inopi teristic arrangement of leaves of whorls.- nata ZEILLER, Lobatanmtaria ensifolia This substitution, however, was not ac- var. nariwaensis KOBATAKE,etc.. and the cepted by the present senior author. present species is also the same case. ASAMA and Szr, who insisted to call it Genus Lobatannularia (s. L.) is charac- by HARRIS'S original generic name. But terized by such features as: 1) leaf-seg- it is evident that the leaf-whorls of N. ment is uninerved. either spatulate, ob- carcinoides show some slight resemblance lanceolate or linear in form: 2) leaf-whorl to those of Lobatannnlaria. and further markedly anisophyllous, flattened in one that those of the present species bear plane nearly parallel to axis: 3) ultimate more resemblance to Lohatannularia than leafy branch generally has a circular fan- the species of HARRIS'S in having the shaped terminal whorl and lateral leaf- more markedly dorsiventral lateral shoot whorl divided into two coherent lobes with large fan-shaped terminal whorls leaving a wide gap in the basal side of and clearly anisophyllous leaf whorls. a whorl 4) main stem at least twice The reason why we would prefer to branched. with penultimate lateral stem place the present species too in Neocala- showing very characteristic ramification. mites instead of Lobalannularia can be Although as to the feature of the main found in the reason why this substitu- stem nothing has been known, various tion of HARRIS'S was not accepted by us opinion were expressed on the ramifica- as will be discussed in details in the next tion of the penultimate lateral stem by chapter. HALLE: (1927, 1928), KAWASAKI (1934), (1933), KONAIOand ASAMA KONSO(1950). KON'NO and ASAMA(1950. p.23) de gave Notes on Neocalamil es and a brief summary on the ramification in Lobatannlaria and describing two types of it: the one shown conclusion by L. sinensis (HALLE), L. lingniala (HALLE) and L. heianensis KODAIRA). and There is no doubt that the present the other represented by L. ensifollia Mine species is referable to either Loba- The first type shall be called tannularia or Neocalamites and not to pseudosympodial distichous and the any other genera hitherto known. Loba- second was called pseudodichotomous by tannularia is the Permian plant known HALLE (1927, p. 21). In the first type, only in the Cathaysian Flora and its as pointed out by HALLE (1928, pp.244- single survivor. L. nampoensis. in Rhaeto- 245), each pair of ultimate branches are Liassic flora in Southern Korea. On the arranged in two rows on the flanks of other hand Neocalamites is a wide-spread the penultimate axis, and the branches plant in the older Mesozoic. occurring of each side are quite unequally de- most abundantly in Keuper and Rhaeto- veloped-long branches with numerous Liassic formations in the world. Thus whorls alternate with short ones carry- the respective age of zenith of their ing only a few or a single whorl; on 348 EnzaKONNO and Gentaro NAITO

the upper part of the same mother-axis Annularia. For this reason L. ensifolia the shorter branches become undeveloped should be excluded from the typical by abortion and at the same time the Lobatannularia (s. s.) characterized by longer ones are also shortened and re- Pseudosympodial distichous ramification, main in solitude at each node: at last and be placed in Annularites HALLE 1927, even the solitary branches entirely dis- as previously suggested by KAWASA appear in the apical part of the same (1939, p.68). axis. It is quite noteworthy that this Neocalanntes was first proposed by particular plan of branching remained HALLE for such three species as: Schi- unchanged from the beginning of the age zoneura hoerensis SCIHMPER(type-species), of L. sinensis (of Taiyuan. the early Per- Sch. Meriani (BRONGN) and Sch. Carrerei mian). through L. lingulata to the end ZEiLLERIt in 1908, when he said as follows: "Ich habe es fur zweckmassig gehalten of that of L heianensis (of Upper Shih- hotze Series, lower of the later Permian). aus die Gattung Schizoneura die Sch. Other characters, e. g, cohesion of leaves haerensis SCOW. and andere Arten mit of a whorl changed progressively along konstant freien Blatter auszumerzen: the trend from non-cohesion to complete . 1908, p.6). In M Carrerei and cohesion. To say in other words, these N. hoercnsis the main stem is once three species. i.e. L. sinensis. L. lingulata branched with a single or a few branches and L. heianensis represent one distinc in a whorl respectively on certain of the tive group to be called Sinensis-lingalata- nodes (ZEILLER 1903, p.137 Hat.t E. 1908, heianensis Series, and this Series can he pp.10-11), After studying various regarded as a direct descendant of genus Equisetacean plants from Keuper beds Annularia. On the contrary other type in Germany, FRENTZEN (1933) gave a of ramification shown by L. ensifolia is splendid restoration of N Ateriani -characterized by four branches at a node , (BROXGN.), in which the main stem is and accordingly it appears essentially drawn to be twice branched and the different from the first type as well as penultimate lateral stem to bear a single

Explanation of Plate 40

(All figures are of natural size) Neocalamiles minensis KONNO et NAITO, n. sp. (Figs.1a..1b. 1c, 2: Major type: Figs.1d. 1e: Minor type) Fig.1a. Counterpart of type-specimen shown in Pl. 41, fig.4: lower leaf-whorlshows the original feature of very wide basal gap of a whorl with linear-lanceolate basalleaves. (IGPS coll. cat. no.76236) Fig. 1b. Other specimen with 4 internodes and 4 leaf-whorls, similar to those shown in fig. a. 1 Fig.1c Terminal lear-whorl with apical leaves pointing straightly forwards. Fig.2. Distal part of a branch with a terminal leaf-whorl, in which a right-hand basal leaf shows its original linear-lanceolate outline. (IGPS coll. cat. no.76236) Fig.1d. 4 minor branches are preserved having their axes nearly parallel with one another; each with a characteristic terminal leaf-whorl. Fig. 1e. Distal part of a small stein with small branch-like shoot one on each side of the lowest node.

(HALLE KON'NO and NAITO: New Carnic Neocalamites Plate 40

1 d 1 d

1 d

1 e 1 e

1 a

1 b

1 c

KUMAGAT photo. 393. A new Neocalamites from the Canic Formation in Japan 349 branch at a node. We are not certain cannot be of the Neocalamites type, but by what fossil evidences his restoration evidently of Annularia type, as suggested of the penultimate stem was drawn. but by BERRY himself. Nevertheless, long- such the ramification of the lateral stem itudinal furrows on the surface of the seems for us to be highly possible to stem are not alternate at the node, and occur in Neocalamtes. However. with in this respect it is more like Neocala- the ramification characterized by dis- mites stem than Calamites. Despite of tichous arrangement of branches on the such remarkable departure from the lateral stem. seems the matter quite dif- typical Neocalamites, HITMER (1927. p.163) ferent. BERRY (1912, pp.171-180. fig. 17) and HARRs (1931. p. 22) placed this reported a very peculiar Rhaetic plant American species in Neocalamites with- from Virginia in U. S. A. under the name out giving any important comments. but of Neocalamites Knoultoni n. sp. Only a such references seem to be quite doubt- single specimen was figured in his paper, ful for us. We would rather prefer to in which the axis is 8 mm. across with exclude this American species from the six pairs of opposite dorsiventral leaf- typical Neocalamites, which is charac- bearing branches preserved in organic terized by free leaves of a leaf-whorl connection to the axis: leaf-whorls of and a single or many branches arranged the lateral stem are flattened in the in radial symmetry at a node. This plane nearly parallel to the axis leaves American species, is, however, quite im- in a whorl are free to the base. of ap- portant in proving the fact that such the proximately the same size. linear-lanceo Annulari-like plant retaining the de- late and about 15 mm. long. Besides a finitely Palaeozoic aspect was still exist pair of opposite leaf-bearing branches ing in the Rhaetic age in North America. one or two branch-scars are also seen ocatamites earcinoides HARRIS.Ne on the on some of the nodes. and these scars. contrary, is evidently typical and well according to BERRY, may be interpreted established. adding several important as the scar of such aborted or non-per- contributions to our knowledge of Neo- sistent branches. BERRY 1912. pp.178- alamites. The main axis in this speciesc 179) said as follows: the 8 mm. wide axis is once branched. with numerous lateral of the figured specimen, "with its leaf branches arranged in radial symmetry at bearing subordinate branches, is inter- a node: lateral foliage-stem is dorsivent- preted as a lateral branch which was ral with leaf-whorls divided into two distinctly bifacial in habit.—It is more lateral groupk flattened in the plane of like Calamides, however. than the species axis. Terminal leaf-whorl has not been which HALLE has referred to the genus. found as yet, but its presence would be and suggests most strongly the Annularia highly possible. judging from the speci- type of Paleozoic Calamites foliage. for men of HARRIS'S given in his Pl. V. fig.3. example. the widespread type known This well-founded species was, unfortu- as Annularia sphenophylloides-" If this nately transfered to Lobalannularia in interpretation of BERRY'S is correct, then 1937 only because of its leaf-whorl being in this American plant the main stem divided into two lateral groups and flat- must be twice branched: the penultimate tened in the plane of axis. The present lateral branch bears distichous ultimate senior author and ASAMA (1950, p.20) leafy branches of distinctly bifacial ha- expressed a view against this substitu- bit: if so. then this scheme of branching tion of HARRIS'S saying "It has neither 350 Enzo KONNO and Gentaro NAITG fan-shaped terminal whorl nor character- instead of spatulate as in Lobatannularia. istic branching habit of Lobatannularia. For this reason we would prefer to place Accordingly it seems more preferable to this Mine species too in genus Neocala- separate this species from the typical mites. Unfortunately, however, we have Lobatrennularia." On the same problem no reliable evidences at present to prove SZE (1956. p.121) expressed a more deci- its ramification, and so far as its ramifi- sive opinion, saving as follows:" All the cation is left uncertain, the reference of characteristic forms of leafy shoots of the present species to Neocalamites would the Palaezoic e.g. Annularia. Asterophyr also be not decisive but only provisional. Iites. Lobatannularia etc. are attached to Before leaving the subject of the taxo- the stems of definitely Calamites-type. nomy of the present species, attention For this reason. the writer would prefer may be called once more to the follow- to name the Greenland species as Neo- ing remarks of SZE'S (1956, p.121): "For calamites carcinoides HARRIS."Though this reason, the writer would prefer to about the main stem nothing has name the Greenland species as Neocala- been known, Lobalannularia is sure to mites rcacinoides HARRIS, and the same be essentially different in ramification can be said for the Liassic species of from Nencalamites. and in this meaning Korea which was first delermined by the present aumthors agree with SZE: in KAWASAKI Schizonenra nampoensts is view. Thus N. caromprdesis evidentlyh I KAWASAKI 1927, Pl.VII, fig. 29 see also one of the typical species among Neocal- Oufin 1940, p.1801. This single specimen nutes and also characterized by its found from Korea is certainly also an dorsiventral (probably plagiotropical) tached to the stem of definitely Neorcala- branches arranged in radial symmetry at miles type," We have, however, not been he node. The present Mine species acquainted with I he specimen of Lobatan- coincides with this species of HARRIS'S nularia nampoensis having the stem good in various characters as the leaves in a in preservation enough to prove the fea- whorl are entirely free even in its distal ture of the nodal region of definitely pan of the ultimate stem leaf is not eocalanites type. Of three specimensN oblanceolate but long linear lanceolate in figured by KAWASAKI from one and the form lower leaves nearest to the basal same locality, the one (KAWASAKI). 1927, gap of the whorl are also lineal-lanceolate Pl. VII, fig.29) represents a typical form

Explanation of Plate 41.

(All figures are of natural size) Neocalamites minensis KONNO et NAITO, a. sp. (All specimens; Major type) Fig. 1. Largest specimen with internode of 5mm. in width. (IGPS coll. cat. no. 76237) Fig. 2. Portion of a leaf-whorl with 2 leaves showing nearly complete outline. (1GPS coll. cat. no.76237) fig.3. Sternfig.3. with 2 lateral leaf-whorls. each of which divided into 2 outward pointing lobes consisting of rather narrow leaves. (IGPS coil. cat. no.76235) Fig. 4. Type-specimen (see also Text-fig. 2B).(IGPS coll. cat. no.76237) Fig. 5. Type-specimen (see also Text-fig. 1B).(IGPS coll. cat. no.76231) Plate 41 KONNO and NAITO: New Garnic Neacalamites

KUMAGAI photo. 393. A new Neocalamiles from the Carnic Formation in Japan 351

of the fan-shaped terminal leaf-whorl of Japan. Lobatannularia-type. characterized by KAWASAKI. S. (1927). The flora of the Heian leaves of considerably dissimilar length, System. Pt. 1. Bull. Geol. Sure Korea. 6, and the other (KAWASAEI. 1931 . Pl. XVIII, No.1. -(1931) fig. 11. 11a shows the stem with lateral . The flora of the Heinn System, leaf-whorls divided into two coherent Pt. 2 (Atlas). Bull. Geol. Suru. Korea, No.2. -(1934) lobes, in which the ratio of length of , The flora of the Heian System, Pt. 2, (Text). Bull. Geol. Suva Korea. G the longest leaf to that of the shortest . No. 4. is about 3. For this reason , though KOBATAKE. N. (1951). On the Mesozoic Vet- about its ramification nothing has been tieillate leaves from Japan and Korea known. this Korean Liassic species would with some view on Lobatannzelaria and be more preferable to place in Lobalan- its allies. Sri. Rep. South College, Osaka nularia instead of Neocalamites . Univ., No.3, pp.71-80. KOSNNO. E. (1933). Palaeozoic plants. Iwa- nami's Lecture Series. References -and K . ASAMA. (1950). On the genus BERRN. E. W. (1912). American triassic Neo- Lobatannularia KAWASAKI 1927 front Per- ratamites Bol. Gaz.. 53. No.2. pp.174- an beds in South Manchuia mi and 189. Shansi. China. Short papers, Inst. Geol. FRENIZFN. N. (1933). Equiselaceen des ger- Palaeont. Tohoka Univ., Sendai, Japan maMschen Keupers. Palannt. Zschr. 15. m S.(1930), Notes on someOts fossil plants pp.30 40. from the Upper Triassic beds of Nariwa. HALLE. T. G. (1908). Zur Kenninis der meso- Pro v. Bitch u. Japan. Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr. zoisthen Equisetalas Swedens K. Srensk. No,2. . Akad Haudl. 13 No. 1 -(1940), The Mesozoic floras in Japan .Jour -(1927b), Palaeozoic plants from Central . Fac. Sci.. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. Shansi. Palaheont. Simca A. 2. Fasc. 1 , Vol.5, Nos. 2-4. -(192a) . On Leaf mosaic and anisophylly P.AN. C. H. (1936). Older Mesozoic plants in Palavozoic Equisetales Svensk Bol. front North Shensi. Pelaeont. Sinica. Ser. idsk 22. H. 1-2, pp.230-255 T A. Vol.4, Fasc.2. Oakum, T M (1931). The fossil flora of SZE, II. C. (1956). Older Mesozoic plaits from Scoresby Sound. East Greenland the Yenchang Formation. Northern Cryptogams (exclusive of Lycopodiales).M Shensi. Poluessi. Sinica. New Series A edd om, Gronland 85. No. 2. No.5 -(1937) The fossil flora of Scoresby TOKUYAMA, A. (1958), Die ober triad ische Sound. East Greenland, Pt. 5. Stratigra- Molasse int Minc. Gebiet Westjapans. 1. phic relations of the plant beds. Medd eil: Stratigraphie is and Werdegang. T om Groniwid. 112. No. 2. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 64. No.756, pp.454- HASE. A. (1950), The stratigraphy of the Triassic System in the southwestern ZEILER.R, R. (1902). Observations sur quel- part of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Sri. Rd) ques plantes fossiles des Lower Gond- Ear Sci Kyushu Univ. (Geology). H. No. wanas. A fem.Geol. Sure. India (New Series) , 2. pp. 1-128. 11. RAIER. M. HI (1927). Handbuch der Palacobo. -(1903), Flore fossil, des Gites de Char- tanik. 1. Pteridophyta bon du Tonkin. Etudes des Gite Min- KAWAa. K.HIR (1951). Triassic stratigraphy ndure. Fr of japan Reg stun monk Geol Sun

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