Sons of Anarchy

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Sons of Anarchy "Old ladies—they got a way of coming back and biting you in the ass" The female character construction in Sons of Anarchy Master's thesis Laura Siltala University of Jyväskylä Department of languages English June 2016 JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta – Faculty Laitos – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Kielten laitos Tekijä – Author Laura Siltala Työn nimi – Title "Old ladies – they got a way of coming back and biting you in the ass" The female character construction in Sons of Anarchy Oppiaine – Subject Työn laji – Level Englannin kieli Pro gradu -tutkielma Aika – Month and year Sivumäärä – Number of pages Kesäkuu 2016 103 Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena oli tutkia naispuolisten hahmojen rakentumista amerikkalaisessa Sons of Anarchy –televisiosarjassa. Sarjan tapahtumat sijoittuvat kuvitteelliseen kalifornialaiseen pikkukaupunkiin, jossa toimii lainsuojaton moottoripyöräkerho. Aineistona käytettiin sarjan neljää ensimmäistä tuotantokautta (2008-2011) keskittyen dialogeihin, joissa kaksi keskeisintä naishahmoa olivat joko osallisina tai puheenaiheina. Toinen keskeisimmistä naishahmoista oli sarjan päähenkilön äiti, Gemma, ja toinen päähenkilön naisystävä, Tara. Tutkimuksessa huomioitiin kuusi eri näkökulmaa hahmon rakentumiseen Pearsonin (2007) esittelemän mallin mukaan, joita olivat: 1) psykologiset piirteet ja tavat, 2) fyysiset piirteet ja ulkonäkö, 3) kielenkäyttö, 4) suhteet muiden hahmojen kanssa, 5) ympäristö sekä 6) biografia. Observoinnin lisäksi käytin korpuslingvistiikan metodologiaa selvittäessäni tyypillisiä puhemalleja hahmoille sekä selvittäessäni tärkeimpiä muita hahmoja, joiden kanssa tutkimuskohdehahmot olivat eniten tekemisissä. Osoittautui, että keskeiset naishahmot rakentuivat monista eri osasista, kuten äitiys ja ammatillisuus. Lisäksi hahmot rakentuivat jatkuvasti uudelleen vuorovaikutuksessa muiden hahmojen kanssa. Erityisesti Taran hahmo muuttui ja kehittyi neljän tuotantokauden aikana niin ulkoisesti kuin käytöksen ja kielenkäytönkin osalta, siinä missä Gemman hahmo pysyi aika pitkälti samana, mutta syventyi. Sukupuoliroolit moottoripyöräkerhossa olivat nykyamerikkalaisia konservatiivisemmat, sillä naisten odotettiin tottelevan miehiä kaikissa tilanteissa. Lisäksi miehillä oli enemmän seksuaalista vapautta, sillä moottoripyöräkerhon moraalikoodin mukaan oli täysin hyväksyttävää miehille harrastaa parisuhteensa ulkopuolista seksiä, niin kauan kun parisuhteen toinen osapuoli ei tästä saanut tietää. Naisilla moista oikeutta ei ollut. Kuitenkin naishahmoilla oli valtaa miehin manipulaation ja vakuuttavan puheen kautta. Asiasanat – Keywords televisio, media, sukupuoli, fiktiiviset henkilöt Säilytyspaikka – Depository Muita tietoja – Additional information Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 10 2.1 Characterization ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 The study of characterization .................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Constructing a character ............................................................................................ 12 2.1.3 Summary .................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Television dialogue: its role and function in characterization .......................................... 14 2.2.1 The study of dialogue ................................................................................................. 15 2.2.2 Television dialogue vs natural conversation .............................................................. 16 2.2.3 Television dialogue in relation to characterization .................................................... 17 2.2.4 Summary .................................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Women, language and television...................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Women using language .............................................................................................. 18 2.3.2 The representation of women in media .................................................................... 19 2.3.3 The representation of powerful women characters .................................................. 22 2.3.4 Summary .................................................................................................................... 22 2.4 Previous research on Sons of Anarchy .............................................................................. 23 2.4.1 Fine on Gemma Teller Morrow and Marshal Mary Shannon .................................... 23 2.4.2 Contributors to the collection by Dunn and Eberl on the women in Sons of Anarchy ............................................................................................................................................ 24 2.4.3 Summary .................................................................................................................... 30 3 SET-UP OF THE STUDY 30 3.1 Aims and research questions of the present study .......................................................... 30 3.2 Methods of analysis .......................................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Pearson's taxonomy on anatomising a televisual character ...................................... 32 3.2.2 The corpus methods .................................................................................................. 34 3.3 Data ................................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Methods for collecting data ....................................................................................... 36 3.3.2 The TV series Sons of Anarchy ................................................................................... 36 3.2.2 The most important women of Sons of Anarchy ....................................................... 38 3.2.4 Summary of the four seasons of the series ............................................................... 40 4 ANALYSIS 43 4.1 Psychological traits/habitual behaviours .......................................................................... 43 4.2 Physical characteristics/appearance ................................................................................. 57 4.3 Speech patterns ................................................................................................................. 59 4.3.1 Oh, shit........................................................................................................................ 61 4.3.2 Jesus Christ ................................................................................................................. 62 4.3.3 Sweetheart ................................................................................................................. 63 4.3.4 Oh, my God ................................................................................................................. 66 4.5.3 It's okay ....................................................................................................................... 67 4.4 Interactions with other characters .................................................................................... 68 4.4.1 Gemma and Clay ......................................................................................................... 69 4.4.2 Gemma and Jax .......................................................................................................... 75 4.4.3 Gemma and Unser ...................................................................................................... 76 4.4.4 Tara and Jax ................................................................................................................ 77 4.4.5 Tara and Margaret ...................................................................................................... 80 4.4.6 Gemma and Tara ........................................................................................................ 83 4.5 Environment ...................................................................................................................... 89 4.5.1 Charming .................................................................................................................... 89 4.5.2 The clubhouse............................................................................................................. 90 4.5.3 Gemma's house .......................................................................................................... 91 4.5.4 The hospital ................................................................................................................ 91 4.5.5 Jax's house .................................................................................................................. 92 4.6 Biography ........................................................................................................................... 93 4.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 95 5 DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION 96 Bibliography 102 1 INTRODUCTION Television reflects the cultural reality and the themes discussed in different types of TV series are very often similar to current themes in public debate. Barker (1999:3) argues that television is the major source of global cultural
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