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THE GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW VOLUME 81 NUMBER 6 NOVEMBER 2013 LAW AND DEMOCRACY: A SYMPOSIUM ON THE LAW GOVERNING OUR DEMOCRATIC PROCESS FOREWORD Political Law 1783 Spencer Overton ESSAYS Gender Unbound? 1799 Kareem Crayton Voting Rules and Constitutional Law 1836 Edward B. Foley The 2012 Voting Wars, Judicial Backstops, 1865 Richard L. Hasen and the Resurrection of Bush v. Gore The Year of the Super PAC 1902 Michael S. Kang ARTICLES Unfinished Business: Protecting Voting 1928 Gilda R. Daniels Rights in the Twenty-First Century Election Law Pleading 1966 Joshua A. Douglas Separation of Campaign and State 2038 Bradley A. Smith Proposition 8 and the Mormon Church: 2108 Monica Youn A Case Study in Donor Disclosure Copyright @ 2013 by THE GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW The George Washington Law Review, ISSN 0016-8076, is published monthly in November, February, April, June, July, and September by students of The George Washington University Law School, 720 20th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20052. Electronic mail: [email protected]. Web site: http://www.law.gwu.edu/stdg/gwlr. Phone: (202) 994-4610. Facsimile: (202) 994-4609. Pub- lication Office: Joe Christensen, Inc., P.O. Box 81269, Lincoln, Nebraska 68501. Please send address changes to the Editorial Office. Subscriptions are $46.00 per year; foreign, $51.00 per year. District of Columbia residents please add 5.75% sales tax. Absent timely notice of termination, subscriptions are automatically renewed upon expiration. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, D.C., and additional mail- ing offices. 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We regret that manuscripts cannot be returned unless a self-addressed, postage-prepaid envel- ope is submitted with the manuscript. We also welcome electronic submissions. Please see our web site for further details. THE GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW BOARD OF EDITORS 2012-2013 CHARLES H. DAVIS Editor-in-Chief NICOLE DURKIN Senior Managing Editor SUZANNE M. SALGADO KATHLEEN M. STOUGHTON Senior Articles Editor Senior Projects Editor DAVID J. BENDER ELIZABETH HAGERTY Senior Production Editor Senior Notes Editor JESSICA L. BAYLES JULIA JARRETT TIMOTHY Q. Li PAUL SWAIN Managing Editors Z. LILY RUDY JUSTIN A. FEINBERG ZHAO Liu Production Editor NOAH NEHEMIAH GILLESPIE Online Articles Editor CAILAN D. REMEDIOS Notes and Projects Editors CORY BILTON BRADLEY C. CARROLL RACHEL APPLESTEIN SARAH A. FREUDEN ADAM GUTBEZAHL ANNA CRANE HAYLEY HOFFMAN WILL MCAULIFFE CHRISTEN GALLAGHER CHARLES KRULY YURI WEIGEL ANNA KARASS ASHLEY NUMMER Executive Editors DANIEL J. RIEGEL Scorr RICHARDSON JEREMY STEED Articles Editors DANIEL WITKOWSKI JENNIFER WIEBOLDT Online Executive Editor Notes Editors ASSOCIATES RACHEL ADAMS SHAWN J. HILGENDORF KATELYN A. Ruiz ELIZABETH CAMERON JESSICA HORNE DANIEL J. SACHS JOHN COx ERIN JONES LEAH S. SOCASH LAUREN ECKHARDT ANGELA KILBERT CHRISTINE STODDARD JOANNA MARIA EL KHOURY TAYLOR W. KING JEFF STRICKER KAREL EXNER PATRICIA H. KLANKE TATYANA TAUBMAN MELISSA L. FARRAR ELIZABETH KOLLEENY EMILY THERIAULT KIRSTEN R. FRASER THOMAS LODWICK ROBERT TOLL ABIGAIL GIARRUSSO NICHOLAS MAROLDA NATHAN VOGLER ROSIE DAWN GRIFFIN MICHAEL BAIRD NELSON GARY WARD JASON GRIMES ROSANNE NIFOROS ROBERT WOLFSON LEIGH GUSKY JACQUELINE POWERS COURTNEY A. ZINTER DANIEL ROLAND CAROLYN JACOBS HARRIS, Paralegal,Office Manager MEMBERS KYLIE ALEXANDRA ANDREA DZWINYK TIMOTHY OLSON JAMES ALTMAN BRIAN EXTEIN NICHOLAS OLUMOYA DEREK ANDROS JONATHAN A. FOSTER ERIN D. PARK JENNIFER ANSBERRY CHRISTOPHER GLORIA SAURABH PRABHAKAR JESSICA ARCO BRIAN GOLD CHRISTOPHER N. RIVET ANDREW M. BASHAM JAMES M. GROSS ARIANA SARFARAZI KARRI BECKER PATRICE E. HENDRIKSEN JOSEPH ANDREW SEATON, JR. KATHRYN BENDORAITIS JoHN MILTON HENSON JONATHAN M. SEYMOUR MEYER E. BERMAN MEGHAN HorrEL DEREK LEE HILLMAN SKINNER SUSAN L. M. BROCK SHANE HUANG JAMES OSHIRO SPRINGER JENNA BROFSKY THOMAS J. INGALLS JACOB D. STEELE BARBARA BRUCE OLIVIA J. JAHN LYNDSAY STEINMETZ MIRIAM CARROLL ANNA LEIGH KARAMIGIOS PATRICK THOMPSON BRIAN W. CASTELLO PETER KETCHAM-COLWILL MATTHEW P. THRASHER JOHN T. CHISHOLM JASON EDWARD KORNMEHL SHANTANU VAID VINCENT C. CIRILLI MICHELLE S. LIM LINDSAY M. VOLPENHEIN MADELINE J. COHEN NICHOLAS LOCKHART REBECCA WERNICKE ANNE COLLESANO STEPHEN A. MERRILL HAYTER LAMAR WHITMAN JOSHUA A. CRAWFORD CAROLYN MILLER STEPHANIE WOLF ARTHUR DAMOULAKIS GREGORY S. MORRISON CHRISTINE WONG LAURA D'ELIA COURTNEY MURTHA DEREK A. WOODMAN LAURA SCHMIDT DUNCAN SHELAGH A. O'DONNELL ANDREW ZuTz The George Washington University Law School 2012-2013 Officers of Administration Steven Knapp, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., President of the University Gregory E. Maggs, A.B., J.D., Interim Dean of the Law School Christopher Bracey, B.S., J.D., Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Rende Y. DeVigne, B.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Academic Development Phyllis Goldfarb, B.A., Ed.M., J.D., LL.M., Associate Dean for ClinicalAffairs Daniel I. Gordon, B.A., M. Phil., J.D., Associate Dean for Government Procurement Law Studies Susan L. Karamanian, B.S., B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Internationaland Comparative Legal Studies Hank R. Molinengo, B.A., J.D., LL.M, Associate Dean for Administrative Affairs Monica E. Monroe, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean of Students Carole Montgomery, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Career Development Alan B. Morrison, B.A., LL.B., Lerner Family Associate Dean for Public Interest/Public Service Law LeRoy C. (Lee) Paddock, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Environmental Law Studies Scott B. Pagel, B.A., M.A. in L.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Information Services; Director of the Law Library Abraham Pollack, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for ProfessionalDevelopment and Career Strategy Alfreda Robinson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Trial Advocacy Lisa M. Schenck, B.A., M.P.A., J.D., LL.M., J.S.D., Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Sophia Sim, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Admissions and FinancialAid Peter J. Smith, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development John M. Whealan, B.S., M.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Intellectual Property Law Studies David M. Johnson, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean for Public Interest and Public Service Law Robin L. Juni, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean for Student Affairs Jessica Tillipman, B.S., J.D., Assistant Dean for Field Placement Mike Briggs, Director of Information Systems Richard Collins, B.S., Executive Director of Law Advancement Elizabeth H. Field, B.A., M.B.A., Director of Strategic Communications and Marketing Fred R. Hahndorf, B.S., M.S., Director of Finance, Personnel, and Logistics Nancy B. LaMotta, B.A., M.A., Director of FinancialAid Rosanne L. O'Hara, B.A., M.S.Ed., Director of Academic Support Services Michael P. Ryan, M.A., Ph.D., Directorof the Creative and Innovative Economy Center JoSie Shelby-Wilson, B.A., Directorof Admissions Jacob Burns Law Library Jennie C. Meade, B.A., M.A., M.S.L.S., J.D., Director of Special Collections Virginia M. Bryant, B.A., M.L.S., Assistant Directorfor Technical Services Leslie A. Lee, B.A., J.D., M.L.S., Assistant Directorfor Administration Deborah Norwood, B.A., J.D., M. Law Libr., Assistant Directorfor Public Services Christopher C. Reed, B.A., J.D., M.S.L.S., Assistant Directorfor Information Services Susan E. Chinoransky, B.A., M.L.S., Head of Serials and Processing Nicole Evans Harris, B.A., J.D., M.L.I.S., Assistant Directorfor Information Services Lesliediana Jones, B.A., J.D., M.L.S., Head of Document Services Germaine L. Leahy, B.A., M.L.S., Head of Reference/Environmental Librarian Iris Lee, B.A., M.L.S., J.D., Head of Collection Services Trina R. Robinson, B.A., J.D., M.L.I.S., Head of Acquisitions Lawrence Ross, B.A., M.S.L.I.S., J.D., Head of Instructionaland Media Services Gordon Van Pielt, B.B.A., M.L.I.S., Senior Cataloging Librarian Robert Bratton, B.A., M.L.S., Cataloging Librarian Lori Fossum, B.S., M.A., M.A., M.A., J.D., Reference/National Security & U.S. Foreign Relations Librarian Jennifer Fritz, B.M.M.E., M.L.I.S., Systems Librarian Mary Kate Hunter, A.B., J.D.IB.C.L., M.S.L.I.S., Reference/Government Contracts Librarian Kenneth J. Rodriguez, B.A., M.A., M.S.L.I.S., J.D., Reference/Intellectual Property Law Librarian Nicholas Stark, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.S., Reference Librarian Herb Somers, B.A., J.D., M.S.L.I.S., Reference/International& Foreign Law Librarian Robert 0. Steele, B.S., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., M.L.S., Cataloging Librarian Karen M. Wahl, B.A., M.L.S., J.D., Reference and Legal History & Rare Books Librarian Emeriti Faculty James Phillip Chandler, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor Emeritus of Law Lynn E. Cunningham, B.A., B.D., J.D., Professor Emeritus of Clinical Law Charles Thomas Dienes, B.S., J.D., Ph.D., Lyle T.