THE GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW

VOLUME 81 NUMBER 6 NOVEMBER 2013

LAW AND DEMOCRACY: A SYMPOSIUM ON THE LAW GOVERNING OUR DEMOCRATIC PROCESS

FOREWORD Political Law 1783 Spencer Overton

ESSAYS Gender Unbound? 1799 Kareem Crayton

Voting Rules and Constitutional Law 1836 Edward B. Foley

The 2012 Voting Wars, Judicial Backstops, 1865 Richard L. Hasen and the Resurrection of Bush v. Gore

The Year of the Super PAC 1902 Michael S. Kang

ARTICLES Unfinished Business: Protecting Voting 1928 Gilda R. Daniels Rights in the Twenty-First Century

Election Law Pleading 1966 Joshua A. Douglas

Separation of Campaign and State 2038 Bradley A. Smith

Proposition 8 and the Mormon Church: 2108 Monica Youn A Case Study in Donor Disclosure

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BOARD OF EDITORS 2012-2013

CHARLES H. DAVIS Editor-in-Chief

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CRAWFORD CAROLYN MILLER STEPHANIE WOLF ARTHUR DAMOULAKIS GREGORY S. MORRISON CHRISTINE WONG LAURA D'ELIA COURTNEY MURTHA DEREK A. WOODMAN LAURA SCHMIDT DUNCAN SHELAGH A. O'DONNELL ANDREW ZuTz The George Washington University Law School 2012-2013 Officers of Administration Steven Knapp, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., President of the University Gregory E. Maggs, A.B., J.D., Interim Dean of the Law School Christopher Bracey, B.S., J.D., Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Rende Y. DeVigne, B.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Academic Development Phyllis Goldfarb, B.A., Ed.M., J.D., LL.M., Associate Dean for ClinicalAffairs Daniel I. Gordon, B.A., M. Phil., J.D., Associate Dean for Government Procurement Law Studies Susan L. Karamanian, B.S., B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Internationaland Comparative Legal Studies Hank R. Molinengo, B.A., J.D., LL.M, Associate Dean for Administrative Affairs Monica E. Monroe, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean of Students Carole Montgomery, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Career Development Alan B. Morrison, B.A., LL.B., Lerner Family Associate Dean for Public Interest/Public Service Law LeRoy C. (Lee) Paddock, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Environmental Law Studies Scott B. Pagel, B.A., M.A. in L.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Information Services; Director of the Law Library Abraham Pollack, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for ProfessionalDevelopment and Career Strategy Alfreda Robinson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Trial Advocacy Lisa M. Schenck, B.A., M.P.A., J.D., LL.M., J.S.D., Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Sophia Sim, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Admissions and FinancialAid Peter J. Smith, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development John M. Whealan, B.S., M.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Intellectual Property Law Studies David M. Johnson, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean for Public Interest and Public Service Law Robin L. 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Lupu, B.A., J.D., F. Elwood and Eleanor Davis Professor Emeritus of Law Ralph Clarke Nash, Jr., A.B., J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law William H. Painter, B.A., J.D., Theodore Rinehart Professor Emeritus of Business Law Robert E. Park, B.S., B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor Emeritus of Law Maximilian Pock, J.D., S.J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law Arnold W. Reitze Jr., B.A., J.D., M.P.H., J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor Emeritus of Environmental Law David Robinson, Jr., B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor Emeritus of Law Lewis Aaron Schiller, B.A., LL.B., M.A., Professor Emeritus of Law Teresa Moran Schwartz, B.A., J.D., J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor Emeritus of Public Interest Law David James Sharpe, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law Eric Scott Sirulnik, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor Emeritus of Law Lewis D. Solomon, B.A., J.D., Theodore Rinehart Professor Emeritus of Business Law James E. Starts, B.A., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law and of Forensic Sciences; David B. Weaver Research Professor of Law Joan H. Strand, B.A., J.D., Professor Emeritus in Residence of Clinical Law David Benson Weaver, B.A., J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law Glen Earl Weston, B.S., J.D., Oppenheim Professor Emeritus of Antitrust and Trade Regulation Law Luize E. Zubrow, B.A., J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law Full-Time and Visiting Faculty and Administrators Michael B. Abramowicz, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Martin J. Adelman, B.A., M.S., J.D., Theodore and James Pedas Family Professor of Intellectual Property and Technology Law; Co-Director of the Intellectual Property Law Program; Co-Director of the Dean Dinwoodey Center for Intellectual Property Studies John F. Banzhaf III, B.S.E.E., J.D., Professor of Law Jerome A. Barron, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Harold H. Greene Professor of Law Alberto M. Benitez, B.A., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Paul Schiff Berman, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law; Manatt/Ahn Professor of Law Francesca Bignami, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., Professor of Law Carl Thomas Bogus, A.B., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law Christopher Bracey, B.S., J.D., Professor of Law, Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Donald Braman, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Robert Brauneis, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law; Co-Director of the Intellectual Property Law Program; Co-Directorof the Dean Dinwoodey Centerfor Intellectual Property Studies; Member, Managing Board, Munich Intellectual Property Law Center Eleanor Marie Brown, B.S., M.Phil., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Karen B. Brown, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Donald Phillip Rothschild Research Professor of Law Neil H. Buchanan, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professor of Law Thomas Buergenthal, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., Lobingier Professor of Comparative Law and Jurisprudence Jay Alexander Hilton Butler, B.A., B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law Naomi R. Cahn, A.B., J.D., LL.M., Harold H. Greene Professor of Law Arturo Carrillo, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Clinical Law W. Burlette Carter, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Steve Charnovitz, B.A., J.D., M.P.P., Associate Professor of Law Mary M. Cheb, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law; Elyce Zenoff Research Professor of Law Bradford R. Clark, B.A., J.D., William Cranch Research Professor of Law Jessica L. Clark, B.A., M.S., J.D., Associate Professor of Legal Research and Writing; Associate Director of the Legal Research and Writing Program; Co-Director of the Scholarly Writing Program Donald C. Clarke, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., David Weaver Research Professor of Law Thomas Colby, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Robert J. Cottrol, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professorof Law, of History, and of Sociology; Harold Paul Green Research Professor of Law Nancy J. Craig, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Charles B. Craver, B.S., M.I.L.R., J.D., Freda H. Alverson Professor of Law Lawrence A. Cunningham, B.A., J.D., Henry St. George Tucker III Research Professor of Law; Director, C-LEAF in New York Christy Hallam DeSanctis, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Legal Research and Writing; Director of the Legal Research and Writing Program Rende Y. DeVigne, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Laura A. Dickinson, A.B., J.D., Oswald Symister Colclough Research Professor of Law Lisa M. Fairfax, B.A., J.D., Leroy Sorenson Merrifeld Research Professor of Law; Director of Conference Programs, C-LEAF Roger Anthony Fairfax, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Law Wyatt A. Feeler, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law and Friedman Fellow David Fontana, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Jack Harlan Friedenthal, B.A., J.D., Howrey Professor of Trial Advocacy, Litigation, and Professional Responsibility Theresa A. Gabaldon, B.S., J.D., Lyle T. Alverson Professor of Law; Director of Academic Programs and Administration, C-LEAF Miriam Galston, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Iselin Magdelene Gambert, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Legal Research and Writing Kristelia A. Garcfa, B.A., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law Robert L. Glicksman, B.A., M.A., J.D., J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor of Environmental Law Phyllis Goldfarb, B.A., Ed.M., J.D., LL.M., Jacob Burns Foundation Professor of Clinical Law; Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs Daniel I. Gordon, B.A., M. Phil., J.D., Associate Dean for Government Procurement Law Studies Jeffrey S. Gutman, B.A., J.D., Professorof Clinical Law Suzanne H. Jackson, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Law; Director of Health Rights Law Clinic David M. Johnson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Assistant Dean for Public Interest/Public Service Law; Director of Advocacy Programs Susan R. Jones, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Clinical Law Robin L. Juni, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law; Assistant Dean for Student Affairs Susan L. Karamanian, B.S., B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Internationaland Comparative Legal Studies Orin S. Kerr, B.S.E., M.S., J.D., Fred C. Stevenson Research Professor of Law F. Scott Kieff, B.S., J.D., Fred C. Stevenson Research Professor of Law; Director of Planning and Publications, C-LEAF Laird Kirkpatrick, B.A., J.D., Louis Harkey Mayo Research Professor of Law Laurie S. Kohn, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professorof Clinical Law William E. Kovacic, B.A., J.D., Global Competition Professor of Law and Policy; Professor of Law; Director, Competition Law Center Jacqueline Lainez, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Visiting Professor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Jennifer M. Leer, B.A., J.D., Visiting Professor of Legal Research and Writing Cynthia Lee, B.A., J.D., Charles Kennedy Poe Research Professor of Law Ren6e Lettow Lerner, B.A., M.Litt., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Gregory E. Maggs, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law; Co-Director,National Security and U.S. Foreign Relations Law Program;Interim Dean of the Law School Jeffrey Manns, B.A., D.Phil., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Maeva Marcus, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Research Professor of Law; Director of the Institute for ConstitutionalHistory Joan S. Meier, B.A., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Peter H. Meyers, B.A., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Dalia Tsuk Mitchell, LL.B., M. Phil., LL.M., S.J.D., Professor of Law and of History Monica E. Monroe, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Student Affairs Thomas D. Morgan, B.A., J.D., Oppenheim Professor of Antitrust and Trade Regulation Law Alan B. Morrison, B.A., LL.B., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Lerner Family Associate Dean for Public Interest and Public Service Law Sean D. Murphy, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., PatriciaRoberts Harris Research Professor of Law Kriston D. Neely, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of ClinicalLaw and Public Interest Fellow Dawn C. Nunziato, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professor of Law Sean Martin O'Connor, B.A., M.A., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law Anne K. Olesen, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Spencer A. Overton, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law LeRoy C. (Lee) Paddock, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer of Law; Associate Dean for Environmental Studies Scott B. Pagel, B.A., M.A.L.S., J.D., Professor of Law; Directorof the Law Library; Associate Dean for Information Services Todd D. Peterson, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Richard J. Pierce, Jr., B.S., J.D., Lyle T Alverson Professor of Law Peter Raven-Hansen, B.A., J.D., Glen Earl Weston Research Professor of Law; Co-Director, National Security and U.S. Foreign Relations Law Program Alfreda Robinson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Trial Advocacy; Co-Director of the Litigation and Dispute Resolution Program Caroline Rogus, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Jeffrey Rosen, B.A., B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Catherine J. Ross, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professor of Law Stephen A. Saltzburg, B.A., J.D., Wallace and Beverley Woodbury University Professor of Law; Co-Directorof the Litigation and Dispute Resolution Program Joan E. Schaffner, B.S., M.S., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Roger E. Schechter, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Lisa M. Schenck, B.A., M.P.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., J.S.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Naomi Schoenbaum, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Thomas J. Schoenbaum, B.A., J.D., Research Professor of Law Steven L. Schooner, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Nash and Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law; Co-Directorof the Government Procurement Law Program Joshua I. Schwartz, B.A., J.D., M.R.P., E.K. Gubin Professor of Government Contracts Law; Co-Director of the Government Procurement Law Program; Faculty Chair of the PresidentialMerit Scholars Program Michael Selmi, B.A., J.D., Samuel Tyler Research Professor Erin L. Sheley, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor Dinah L. Shelton, B.A., J.D., Manatt/Ahn Professor of InternationalLaw Jonathan R. Siegel, B.A., J.D., F Elwood and Eleanor Davis Research Professor of Law Anne M. Smetak, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law and Friedman Fellow Peter J. Smith, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law; Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development Daniel Justin Solove, B.A., J.D., John Marshall Harlan Research Professorof Law John A. Spanogle, Jr., B.S.E., J.D., William Wallace Kirkpatrick Research Professor of Law Jessica K. Steinberg, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Law Ralph G. Steinhardt, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and InternationalAffairs; Arthur Selwyn Miller Research Professor of Law Sonia M. Suter, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professor of Law Edward T. Swaine, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Karen Da Ponte Thornton, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professorof Legal Research and Writing; Coordinatorof the Scholarly Writing Program Jessica Tillipman, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law; Assistant Dean for Field Placement Roger H. Trangsrud, B.A., J.D., James F. Humphreys Professor of Complex Litigation and Civil Procedure Jonathan Turley, B.A., J.D., J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor of Public Interest Law; Director of the Environmental Law Advocacy Center; Executive Director, Projectfor Older Prisoners Robert W. Tuttle, B.A., M.A., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law; David R. and Sherry Kirschner Berz Research Professor of Law and Religion Jessica A. Wentz, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law and Environmental Program Fellow John M. Whealan, B.S., M.S., J.D., Member, Intellectual Property Advisory Board; Associate Dean for Intellectual Property Law Studies; Director of the Intellectual Property Law Program Arthur E. Wilmarth, Jr., B.A., J.D., Professor of Law; Executive Director, C-LEAF Christopher R. Yukins, B.A., J.D., Professor of Government Contracts Law; Co-Director of the Government Procurement Law Program Part-Time Faculty Ernest B. Abbott, B.A., J.D., M.P.P., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Hdeel Abdelhady, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ava J. Abramowitz, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law S. Craig Alexander, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stanimir A. Alexandrov, J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Fathalla Al-Meswari, LL.B., M.C.J., LL.M., S.J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Eric Steven Angel, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Geoffrey Aronow, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Roy Leslie Austin, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jeffrey Axeirad, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Donald I. Baker, B.A., B.A., M.A., LL.B., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jack S. Barufka, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael St. Patrick Baxter, LL.B., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Ronna Lee Beck, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Benowitz, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Joseph Berl, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Hal Bernstein, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Stephen Best, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Wayne Blackmon, B.S., M.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Nathaniel Blain Bolin, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Noah David Bookbinder, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ezio Eugenio Borchini, B.S., M.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ronald Joseph Borro, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David Nicholas Bowen, B.S., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Samuel B. Boxerman, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Joshua E. Braunstein, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Patricia A. Broderick, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kenneth W. Brothers, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Larry Brown, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Leslie Brown, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David E. Brunori, B.A., M.A., J.D., Research Professor of Public Policy; Professorial Lecturer in Law Scott A. Bryant, J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John A. Buchman, B.S.F.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lori Eden Burgess, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Justyna Beckwith Burr, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David Calabrese, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles Henry Camp, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable John McLaughlin Campbell, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Burrus M. Carnahan, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Scott Castle, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Rosa Celorio, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David K. Cohen, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Wayne R. Cohen, B.B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Melissa Fay Colangelo, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Judith Conti, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas F. Cooney III, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Cathy A. Costantino, B.A., M.S.W., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Polly Craighill, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Joyce Craig-Rient, B.S., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John R. Crook, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Howard Crystal, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Richard J. Cummins, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Edward Damich, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Harold J. Datz, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law William Davis, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Danya Ariel Dayson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas J. DePaso, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Keith William Diener, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kris Dighe, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles E. DiLeva, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Donna M. Downing, B.A., M.P.P., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Megan Brady Doyle, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Geoff Drucker, B.A., J.D., M.S., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kaitlin Rose Dunne, ProfessorialLecturer in Law Donald Robert Dunner, B.S.Ch.E., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael Dzwonczyk, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ethan Carson Eddy, B.A., J.D., M.P.H., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jane Moretz Edmisten, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Andrew Effron, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Randall D. Eliason, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Tim English, B.A., M.Ed., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Paul Enzinna, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Theodore R. Essex, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Shamita D. Etienne-Cummings, B.S.E.E., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Norman L. Eule, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lesley Fair, A.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law James H. Falk, Sr., B.S., B.A., LL.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law William J. Farah, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Deborah W. Feinstein, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Phil T. Feola, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law George Ferko, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brian Edward Finch, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Anne Finken, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Spencer Fisher, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Freestone, LL.B., LL.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Leon Fresco, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Joshua Edward Gardner, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Aram A. Gavoor, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sharon Wilson Geno, B.A., J.D., M.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Andrew George, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Bart A. Gerstenblith, B.S., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Faris Edmund Ghareeb, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Francis A. Gilligan, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stuart M. Ginsberg, B.A., D.M.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Aitan D. Goelman, B.A., J.D., Lecturer in Law Janel Gongola, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Carl Frederick Goodman, B.B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Timothy Goodman, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Larry Andrew Gordon, B.S., M.C.P., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Amy Hawkins Granger, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Richard Gray, B.A., B.S.E.E., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Susan Green, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jonathan L. Greenblatt, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Henry F. Greene, B.A., LL.B., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable William P. Greene, Jr., B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Garry S. Grossman, A.B., M.Sc., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ross M. Guberman, B.A., M.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Mohammed Zakir Hafez, LL.M., S.J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law R. Tamar Hagler, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable James S. Halpern, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Adjunct Professor of Law John K. Han, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jeanne M. Hauch, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Matthew Alan Haynie, B.A., M.Litt., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Henry Hertzfeld, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John Hinton, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Theodore Charles Hirt, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Adam S. Hoffinger, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eileen Barkas Hoffman, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John Beadle Holt, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jonathan Hooks, A.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law James E. Hopenfeld, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Marian Blank Horn, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law M. Robb Hyde, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Joseph A. Hynds, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Craig S. Iscoe, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Gerald F. Ivey, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ketanji Jackson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Debra Jacobson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Hugh Scott Johnson, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David S. Jonas, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Daniel C. Jordan, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Erin Josendale, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David Brian Kacedon, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Edward Kang, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jill Kasle, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kristine Bridget Kassekert, M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Nathan Kelley, B.S.E.E., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Scott Kenney, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Meaghan Kent, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Maria C. Kersten, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ayman Khaleq, LL.B., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Hamid Khan, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Prashant Khetan, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Warren King, B.A.E., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Stephen D. Knight, B.A., J.D., Herman Professorial Lecturer in Government Contracts Law Diana Michelle Krevor, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kenneth J. Kryvoruka, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Melissa A. Kucinski, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kathryn Leighann Lannon, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas D. Lasich, B.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Nancy M. Lawrence, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Iris Lee, B.A., M.L.S., J.D., Head of Collection Services Kirby W. Lee, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sabatino Leo, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Richard J. Leon, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Douglas N. Letter, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael S. Levine, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Frederic M. Levy, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lawrence R. Liebesman, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Wilma Liebman, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Denise R. Lind, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., M.S., Professorial Lecturer in Law Henry M. Lloyd, B.A., B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Marguerite Lloyd, B.A., M.A., J.D., M.P.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John H. Longwell, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Alan J. LoRe, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Susan Carney Lynch, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.P.H., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Leslie Machado, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Edward R. Mackiewicz, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robin M. Maher, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert Mahini, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John J. Mahon, B.S.B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jennifer Lee Mascott, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael J. Matheson, B.A., LL.B., Professorial Lecturer in Law Eric J. Maurer, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Marc S. Mayerson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kenneth McCracken, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law James Peyton McCrary, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brooke McDonough, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Timothy McIlmail, B.S.F.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Roderick R. McKelvie, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael J. McKeon, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Douglas McNamara, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Eric S. Medoff, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Deneen Melander, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kenneth E. Melson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Patrick S. Menasco, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ronald V. Minionis, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michelle Morales, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jim Morgulec, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Frank C. Morris, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Gerald J. Mossinghoff, B.S.E.E., J.D., Armand and Irene Cifelli Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable John M. Mott, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas R. Mounteer, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark J. Nackman, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Anjali Nagpaul, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law John F. Naughton, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law William A. Nelson, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Caroline Amy Newman, B.S., M.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lawrence M. Noble, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Deborah Norwood, B.A., J.D., M. Law Libr., Assistant Directorfor Public Services Barry M. Nudelman, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Joseph Ronald Oliveri, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ralph Oman, B.A., J.D., Pravel, Hewitt, Kimball and Kreiger ProfessorialLecturer in Intellectual Property and Patent Law Arielle Michelle Pacer, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert L. Palmer, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Patrick Pearsall, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John Pendergrass, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lissa Marie Percopo, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Nancy Perry, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stephen Pershing, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kevin R. Peska, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Annie Petsonk, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Theodore L. Press, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Brian Michael Privor, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Randall R. Rader, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lisa Reid Ragen, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Richard L. Rainey, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Zol Damon Rainey, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Michael Lee Rankin, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Larry E. Ray, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark Redmiles, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Julie Reiley, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert T. Rhoad, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Karen A. Rich, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Daniel Richard, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stephanie Ridder, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Henry duPont Ridgely, B.S., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law James D. Ridgway, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Susan M. Ringler, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Laurie Ann Ristino, B.A., J.D., M.P.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Alexander Robbins, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stewart C. Robinson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kenneth J. Robinson, B.A., M.A., M.S.L.I.S., J.D., Reference/Intellectual Property Librarian; Professorial Lecturer in Law Natalie Gabrielle Roisman, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark E. Rosen, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Daniel Joseph Rosenthal, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sara Rosenbaum, B.A., J.D., Harold and Jane Hirsh Professor of Health Law and Policy; ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jay Rosenthal, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Paul Rosenzweig, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robin Rachel Runge, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Christopher Michael Ryan, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Margaret A. Ryan, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kate Patricia Ryzoc, ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael Sanders, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Todd F. Sanders, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Chad T. Sarchio, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law James P. Schaller, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael N. Schlesinger, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles D. Schmitz, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Elliot Schreiber, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert A. Schwed, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark L. Shaffer, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sue D. Sheridan, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Clifford John Shoemaker, J.D., M.B.A., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Alan D. Sibarium, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Rami Sibay, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Juliana Siconolfi, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Stacy Plotkin Silber, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas Joseph Simeone, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John Andrew Singer, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Anita Singh, B.A., B.S., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Brian D. Smith, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Corey J. Smith, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Dana Swartz Smith, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jack D. Smith, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Robert Smith, A.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jack Willard Snyder, B.S., M.D., J.D., M.F.S., M.P.H., Ph.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Gary D. Solis, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Ph.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Matthew Charles Solomon, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Karen Stauss, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Andrew A. Steinberg, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law William Steinman, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Richard H. Stern, A.B., B.S.E.E., LL.B., Professorial Lecturer in Law Andrew M. Stewart, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Joseph J.R. Straus, J.D., LL.B., Professorial Lecturer in Law and Marshall Coyne Visiting Scholar in International Law Sandra Lee Strokoff, B.A., J.D., M.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law D. Michael Stroud, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Charles F. Stuart, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Dwight H. Sullivan, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael J. Surgalla, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lynn Sylvester, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Alessandro Nicola Terenzoni, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael A. Terry, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brian M. Thavarajah, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Justice Clarence Thomas, A.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kathryn Todd, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Rick Alyn Toering, B.S., M.Eng., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sandy Ellingson Trimble, B.A., M.Ed., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John Cwong Truong, M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kimberley Turner, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael Underhill, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Ricardo M. Urbina, B.A., J.D., David E. Seidelson Professorial Lecturer in Trial Advocacy Daniel Waldman, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ryan Gabriel Wallach, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas F. Walls, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Marc Warren, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.S., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles Wayne, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Max A. Webb, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Weinberg, A.B., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert L. Weinberg, B.A., LL.B., Ph.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Greg Bradley Weinsheimer, B.A., J.D. Professorial Lecturer in Law Diana Wick, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jenifer Wicks, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Rhonda Reid Winston, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John P. Wintrol, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lance D. Wood, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Melvin R. Wright, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Raymond J. Wyrsch, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.B.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law David Phillip Yaffe, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert A. Youmans, B.A., J.D., M.P.A., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Steven Yu, B.A., M.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Martin M. Zoltick, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law GW