Yale Trade and Climate Change Workshop Participant Biographies 2017

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Yale Trade and Climate Change Workshop Participant Biographies 2017 YALE TRADE AND CLIMATE CHANGE WORKSHOP PARTICIPANT BIOGRAPHIES 2017 Monica Araya (@MonicaArayaTica) founded Nivela, a thought-leadership group devoted to clean development as well as Costa Rica Limpia, an initiative to promote a fossil-fuel country. Monica is Senior Associate at E3G in London and at the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership. She has been interviewed by many mainstream news sources including TIME magazine, Financial Times, National Geographic, Huffington Post Live, BBC Radio, BBC World Service, VICE news, ClimateWire, and The Guardian. She has also published articles in the Guardian, Climate Home, Project Syndicate, and more. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs named her “Personality of the Future” in 2014. Sue Biniaz is a former Deputy Legal Adviser at the U.S. State Department, as well as the lead climate lawyer and a climate negotiator from 1989 until early 2017. She ran the legal offices handling issues related to Europe and Oceans, Environment, and Science, and, as a Deputy, supervised areas such as treaty law, the Western Hemisphere, human rights, Somali piracy, law of the sea, trade and environment, and international criminal law. She is currently a Senior Fellow at the UN Foundation, an Associated Researcher at the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, and on the adjunct faculty at Columbia and Yale Law Schools. Thomas Brewer is a Senior Fellow at the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development in Geneva, and a Visiting Scholar at the MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research. He was a Lead Author of the chapter on International Cooperation in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and a convener of the E15 group on Measures to Address Climate Change and the Trade System. He has developed a proposal for an Arctic Black Carbon (ABC) agreement and is co-author of a World Bank Discussion Paper, “Carbon Market Clubs and the New Paris Regime. Alex Camacho is the Florence Rogatz Visiting Professor of Law at Yale Law School and a Professor and Director of the Center for Land, Environment, and Natural Resources at the University of California Irvine School of Law. Professor Camacho’s expertise is in environmental law, land use regulation, and government organization, with a particular focus on adaptive management, collaborative governance, and climate change. He is an elected member of the American Law Institute and a scholar at the Center for Progressive Reform, a nonprofit think tank devoted to issues of environmental protection and safety. James Cameron is an executive fellow at the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy. He is a former Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges, and he taught international economic law and environmental law at the University of London. In 2003, he founded Climate Change Capital, and he is currently chairman of the London-based Overseas Development Institute, Agrica, Green Running, and ET Index. In addition to being the current director of Ignite Solar, he served as a director of the Global Environment and Trade Study alongside Dan Esty and Steve Charnovitz from 1995-2005. He is also a London Sustainable Development Commissioner. 1 Steve Charnovitz teaches at George Washington University Law School and writes on international trade, international law, U.S. foreign relations law, and environmental sustainability. From 1991 to 1995, he was Policy Director of the Competitiveness Policy Council. He then served as managing director of the Global Environment and Trade Study from 1995 to 2005. In addition, Professor Charnovitz serves or has served on the Editorial Boards of the World Trade Review, Cosmopolis, A Review of Cosmopolitics, the Journal of Environment & Development, the American Journal of International Law, and the Journal of International Economic Law. Aaron Cosbey is a Senior Associate at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, and he has consulted to a wide variety of governments and institutions, including the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Commonwealth Secretariat, Environment Canada, European University Institute, Inter-American Development Bank, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the World Bank. He is lead author and editor of the IISD/UNEP Trade and Green Economy Handbook, now in its third edition, and of the Sustainability Toolkit for Trade Negotiators, an on-line resource. Dan Esty is the Hillhouse Professor at Yale University with primary appointments in the Environment and Law Schools and a secondary appointment at the School of Management. He serves as Director of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy and on the Advisory Board of the Yale Center for Business and Environment, which he founded in 2006. He has written ten books, five of which focus on trade and environment issues. During his time at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989-1993), he helped negotiate the Framework Convention on Climate Change. As Commissioner of Connecticut’s Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (2011-2014), he oversaw the launch of the nation’s first Green Bank. Jennifer Haverkamp is an internationally recognized expert on climate change, international trade, and global environmental policy and negotiations. Currently an independent consultant, Ms. Haverkamp was previously the Obama Administration’s Special Representative for Environment and Water Resources in the U.S. Department of State. Ms. Haverkamp also previously directed Environmental Defense Fund’s International Climate Program, and she spent nearly a decade as the Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Environment and Natural Resources in the Executive Office of the President. Edgar Hertwich is professor of Industrial Ecology at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. He leads the working group on resources and climate change of the International Resource Panel. He has been well-recognized for offering a first quantification of the carbon footprints of nations and CO2 emissions embodied in international trade. His work focuses on a holistic understanding of options to mitigate carbon emissions, including through energy technology, material efficiency and the circular economy, and changes in production and consumption patterns. Kateryna Holzer is currently Visiting Scholar at the Trade and Environment Division of the WTO in Geneva, She was previously a post-doc at the World Trade Institute and later a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of European and International Economic Law of the University of Bern. She is the author of the book Carbon-related border adjustment and WTO law as well as a contributing author of the Fifth Assessment Report of Working Group III of the IPCC and the 2016 climate change report for Switzerland of the Swiss Academy of Sciences. She has advised governments and private stakeholders on trade-related aspects of environmental and energy policy, including electricity tax reform. 2 Sikina Jinnah is an Associate Professor of Politics at University of California at Santa Cruz, and a 2017 Andrew Carnegie Fellow. Her first book, Post-treaty Politics won the 2016 Sprout prize for best book in international environmental affairs, and she is currently working on her third book, Trading the Environment, which examines the role of preferential trade agreements in securing environmental objectives. She is an Associate Editor at the journal Environmental Politics, a Senior Research Fellow with the Earth System Governance project, and serves on the Board at the Forum for Climate Engineering Assessment. Linda Krueger is Senior Policy Advisor at The Nature Conservancy (TNC), where, among other responsibilities, she serves as liaison for the U.S. Advisory Committee on Trade Policy Negotiations and the Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee. She was previously Vice President at the Wildlife Conservation Society, where she directed government and multilateral agency relations through offices in New York, Washington, D.C. and Brussels. She has also served as foreign policy legislative staff in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives and as a consultant to the NATO Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division. Douglas Kysar is Joseph M. Field ’55 Professor of Law at Yale Law School. His teaching and research areas include torts, environmental law, climate change, products liability, and risk regulation. He has co-authored two leading casebooks, The Torts Process (9th ed. 2017) and Products Liability: Problems and Process (8th ed. 2016). In addition to his many articles and chapters, Professor Kysar's volume, Regulating from Nowhere: Environmental Law and the Search for Objectivity (2010), seeks to reinvigorate environmental law and policy by offering novel theoretical insights on cost-benefit analysis, the precautionary principle, and sustainable development. Rafael Leal-Arcas is Professor of European and International Economic Law and a Jean Monnet Chair holder at the Centre of Commercial Law Studies of Queen Mary University of London. His publications include Research Handbook on EU Energy Law and Policy; The European Energy Union: The quest for secure, affordable and sustainable energy; Selected Legal Issues; Climate Change and International Trade; and International Trade and Investment Law: Multilateral, Regional and Bilateral Governance. From 2011 to 2013, he served as a Marie Curie COFIT Senior Research Fellow at the World Trade Institute.
Recommended publications
  • An Appraisal of the Labor Chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Remarks Submitted to the Committee on Ways and Means Democra
    An Appraisal of the Labor Chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Remarks Submitted to the Committee on Ways and Means Democrats by Steve Charnovitz* January 2016 1. The Labour chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the most progressive set of labor obligations ever to be negotiated in a free trade agreement. 2. The TPP is an enhanced second-generation worker rights chapter in a free trade agreement (FTA): -- In the first generation of worker rights, US FTAs incorporated the labor principles and labor rights of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Declaration of 1998, yet did so only with a soft obligation.1 The US trading partners were Australia, Bahrain, Central America/Dominican Republic, Chile, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, and Singapore. Those agreements also included an obligation not to fail to enforce domestic labor laws in a manner affecting trade between the parties.2 This obligation grew out of a similar formulation in the labor side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). -- The May 10, 2007 Bipartisan Trade Deal ushered in the second generation of worker rights in FTAs through a hard obligation to "adopt and maintain" in domestic law the fundamental rights enshrined in the ILO Declaration.3 This was the template used in the US FTAs with Colombia, Korea, Panama, and Peru. These FTAs also contain a commitment not to waive or derogate from regulations implementing these international rights. The significance of the second generation of FTA-related worker rights can be understood by looking at what it adds to the underlying regime of international labor law.
    [Show full text]
  • How American Rejectionism Undermines International Economic Law
    GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works Faculty Scholarship 2018 How American Rejectionism Undermines International Economic Law Steve Charnovitz George Washington University Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Charnovitz, Steve, How American Rejectionism Undermines International Economic Law (2018). 10(2) TRADE L. & DEV. 226 (2018) ; GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper No. 2019-7 ; GWU Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-7. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3357030 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trade, Law and Development Steve Charnovitz, How American Rejectionism Undermines International Economic Law 10(2) TRADE L. & DEV. 226 (2018) HOW AMERICAN REJECTIONISM UNDERMINES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW STEVE CHARNOVITZ∗ The completion of the Trump Administration’s first two years is an appropriate moment to take stock of the United States of America’s aggressive international economic policies. The Trump Administration is carrying out a new form of American rejectionism powered by four horsemen of economic instability: first, the rejection of the international rule of law; second, the rejection of open markets; third, the rejection of economic peace in favour of perpetual economic war; and fourth, the rejection of the global interest. The analysis herein shows how these four rejectionist policies are harming the United States, other countries, and the global order.
    [Show full text]
  • A WTO If You Can Keep It
    GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works Faculty Scholarship 2019 A WTO If You Can Keep It Steve Charnovitz George Washington University Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Charnovitz, Steve, A WTO If You Can Keep It (November 2019). Steve Charnovitz, A WTO If You Can Keep It, Questions Int'l L.J., Nov. 2019, at 5.; GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper No. 2019-46; GWU Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-46. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3498574 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A WTO if you can keep it Steve Charnovitz* 1. The place of the WTO in international economic law In September 1787, the inventor and free trader Benjamin Franklin emerged from the convention in Philadelphia that had just completed drafting the United States (US) Constitution. A lady awaiting outside the State House approached Franklin to ask whether the convention had cre- ated a republic or a monarchy. Whereupon Franklin replied, ‘A republic if you can keep it.’1 In 1994, when the drafting of the WTO was com- pleted in Marrakesh, I am not aware that anyone in the crowd waiting outside asked European Trade Minister Leon Brittan what form of inter- national trade governance had been created.
    [Show full text]
  • Th Congre Ha ̈̀ Av Th Ower.. . Egulat Co Erc
    Lori Wallach Updated and Expanded Edition U.S. Constitio Articl I Sectio 8 “Th Congre ha ̈̀ av th ower.. egulat co erc it oreig ations.” The Rise and Fall of Fast Track Trade Authority Updated and Expanded Edition Lori Wallach Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch © 2013 by Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-58231-052-7 No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photography, re- cording, or by information exchange and retrieval systems, without written permission from the authors. Permission will be granted for educational use upon request at [email protected]. Public Citizen is a nonprofi t membership organization in Washing- ton, D.C., dedicated to advancing the public interest through research, publications, information services, litigation and lobbying. Public Citizen advocates for corporate and government accountability, con- sumer rights in the marketplace, safe and secure health care, fair trade, and clean and safe energy sources. Visit our web page at http://www.citizen.org. Acknowledgments: Chapters 1 through 4 of this book were authored by Todd Tucker for the 2008-09 edition, and remain mostly unchanged. Tucker was research director of Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch until 2012. He is author of dozens of reports on the World Trade Organization, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and other trade, investment, consumer and economic issues. A graduate of George Washington University, he received his masters from Cambridge University where he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. Tucker conducted much of the primary research for the book’s earlier edition, with assistance from Lauren Forbes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expanding Labor Dimension of US-Negotiated Regional Trade Agreements: TPP and USMCA
    GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works Faculty Scholarship 2021 The Expanding Labor Dimension of US-Negotiated Regional Trade Agreements: TPP and USMCA Steve Charnovitz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Law Commons The Expanding Labor Dimension of US-Negotiated Regional Trade Agreements: TPP and USMCA An Appraisal of the Labor Chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Remarks Submitted to the Committee on Ways and Means Democrats by Steve Charnovitz* January 2016 1. The Labour chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the most progressive set of labor obligations ever to be negotiated in a free trade agreement. 2. The TPP is an enhanced second-generation worker rights chapter in a free trade agreement (FTA): -- In the first generation of worker rights, US FTAs incorporated the labor principles and labor rights of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Declaration of 1998, yet did so only with a soft obligation.1 The US trading partners were Australia, Bahrain, Central America/Dominican Republic, Chile, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, and Singapore. Those agreements also included an obligation not to fail to enforce domestic labor laws in a manner affecting trade between the parties.2 This obligation grew out of a similar formulation in the labor side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). -- The May 10, 2007 Bipartisan Trade Deal ushered in the second generation of worker rights in FTAs through a hard obligation to "adopt and maintain" in domestic law the fundamental rights enshrined in the ILO Declaration.3 This was the template used in the US FTAs with Colombia, Korea, Panama, and Peru.
    [Show full text]
  • App. 1 Slip Op. 19-37 UNITED STATES COURT
    App. 1 Slip Op. 19-37 UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STEEL, INC., SIM-TEX, LP, and KURT ORBAN PARTNERS, LLC, Before: Claire R. Kelly, Jennifer Plaintiffs, Choe-Groves & v. Gary S. Katzmann, UNITED STATES and Judges KEVIN K. MCALEENAN, Court No. 18-00152 Commissioner, United States Customs and Border Protection, Defendants. OPINION [Denying Plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment seeking a declaration that section 232 of the Trade Ex- pansion Act of 1962 contains an impermissible delega- tion of legislative authority and granting Defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings. Judge Katz- mann files a separate dubitante opinion.] Dated: March 25, 2019 Alan B. Morrison, George Washington University Law School, Donald Bertrand Cameron and Rudi Will Plan- ert, Morris, Manning & Martin, LLP, of Washington, App. 2 DC, and Gary N. Horlick, Law Offices of Gary N. Hor- lick, of Washington, DC argued for plaintiffs, American Institute for International Steel, Inc. a/k/a AIIS, Sim- Tex, LP, and Kurt Orban Partners, LLC. With them on the brief were Steve Charnovitz, George Washington University Law School, Julie Clark Mendoza and Brady Warfield Mills, Morris, Manning & Martin, LLP, of Washington, DC, and Timothy Lanier Meyer, Van- derbilt University Law School. Tara Kathleen Hogan, Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, and Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Divi- sion, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for defendants. With them on the brief were Joshua E. Kurland and Stephen C. Tosini, Attorneys, and Joseph H.
    [Show full text]
  • Council and Participants
    The American Law Institute OFFICERS DAVID F. LEVI, President ROBERTA COOPER RAMO, Chair of the Council DOUGLAS LAYCOCK, 1st Vice President LEE H. ROSENTHAL, 2nd Vice President WALLACE B. JEFFERSON, Theasurer PAUL L. FRIEDMAN, Secretary RICHARD L. REVESZ, Director STEPHANIE A. MIDDLETON, Deputy Director COUNCIL Kim J. ASKEw, K&L Gates, Dallas, TX JOSE I. ASTIGARRAGA, Reed Smith, Miami, FL DONALD B. AYER, Jones Day, Washington, DC SCOTT BALES, Arizona Supreme Court, Phoenix, AZ JOHN H. BEISNER, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, Washington, DC JOHN B. BELLINGER III, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, Washington, DC AMELIA H. Boss, Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, PA ELIZABETH J. CABRASER, Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, San Francisco, CA EVAN R. CHESLER, Cravath, Swaine & Moore, New York, NY MARIANO-FLORENTINO CUELLAR, California Supreme Court, San Francisco, CA IVAN K. FONG, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN KENNETH C. FRAZIER, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ PAUL L. FRIEDMAN, U.S. District Court, District of Columbia, Washington, DC STEVEN S. GENSLER, University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK ABBE R. GLUCK,Yale Law School, New Haven, CT YVONNE GONZALEZ ROGERS, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA ANTON G. HAJJAR, Chevy Chase, MD TERESA WILTON HARMON, Sidley Austin, Chicago, IL NATHAN L. HECHT, Texas Supreme Court, Austin, TX WILLIAM C. HUBBARD, Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, Columbia, SC SAMUEL ISSACHAROFF, New York University School of Law, New York, NY III COUNCIL KETANJI BROWN JACKSON, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC WALLACE B. JEFFERSON, Alexander Dubose Jefferson & Townsend, Austin, TX GREGORY P.
    [Show full text]
  • Employment Dimension of the World Trade Organization
    GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works Faculty Scholarship 2006 The (Neglected) Employment Dimension of the World Trade Organization Steve Charnovitz George Washington University Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Steve Charnovitz, The (Neglected) Employment Dimension of the World Trade Organization in SOCIAL ISSUES, GLOBALIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: LABOUR RIGHTS AND THE EU, ILO, OECD and WTO, (Virginia Leary & Daniel Warner, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The (Neglected) Employment Dimension of the World Trade Organization Steve Charnovitz* A key assumption underlying the World Trade Organization (WTO) is that its program of trade negotiations will “strengthen the world economy and lead to more trade, investment, employment and income growth throughout the world.”1 Indeed, that was the first point included in the Marrakesh Declaration of April 1994 that consummated the Uruguay Round and established the WTO. In my view, the WTO truly is strengthening the “world economy”2 and promoting trade and investment in many parts of the world.3 Yet the rest of the thesis is debatable. Is it necessarily
    [Show full text]
  • App. 1 NOTE: This Disposition Is Nonprecedential. United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit AMERICAN INSTITUTE
    App. 1 NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential. United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ----------------------------------------------------------------------- AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STEEL, INC., SIM-TEX, LP, KURT ORBAN PARTNERS, LLC, Plaintiffs-Appellants v. UNITED STATES, MARK A. MORGAN, ACTING COMMISSIONER OF U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, Defendants-Appellees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019-1727 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Appeal from the United States Court of Interna- tional Trade in No. 1:18-cv-00152-CRK-JCG-GSK, Judge Claire R. Kelly, Judge Gary S. Katzmann, Judge Jennifer Choe-Groves. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Decided: February 28, 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ALAN MORRISON, George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC, argued for plaintiffs- appellants. Also represented by STEVE CHARNOVITZ; DONALD CAMERON, JR., JULIE MENDOZA, BRADY MILLS, App. 2 R. WILL PLANERT, Morris, Manning & Martin, LLP, Washington, DC; GARY N. HORLICK, Law Offices of Gary N. Horlick, Washington, DC; TIMOTHY MEYER, Vander- bilt Law School, Nashville, TN. TARA K. HOGAN, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, argued for defendants-appellees. Also represented by JOSEPH H. HUNT, JEANNE DAVIDSON, STEPHEN CARL TOSINI, JOSHUA E. KURLAND. ILYA SHAPIRO, Cato Institute, Washington,
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty Research Working Papers Series
    Faculty Research Working Papers Series Kyoto and Geneva: Linkage of the Climate Change Regime and the Trade Regime Jeffrey Frankel October 2004 RWP04-042 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. June 20 + Oct. 1, 2004 “Kyoto and Geneva: Linkage of the Climate Change Regime and the Trade Regime” Jeffrey Frankel, Harpel Professor, Harvard University Broadening Climate Discussion: The Linkage of Climate Change to Other Policy Areas conference organized by FEEM/MIT Venice, Italy, June 2004 The author would like to thank Joe Aldy, Thomas Brewer, and Steve Charnovitz for exceptionally useful comments on an earlier draft, Maral Shamloo for research assistance, and the Savitz Fund for research support. Abstract The multilateral regime to address the problem of global climate change is manifest in the Kyoto Protocol, negotiated in that city in 1997, and likely soon to enter into force. The multilateral regime to address international trade is manifest in the World Trade Organization, established in Geneva in 1995. Are these two regimes likely to come into conflict? This short paper considers some of the potential conflicts, and also some of the potential complementarities. The overall picture is more optimistic than some pro- environment critics of the WTO fear. “Kyoto and Geneva: Linkage of the Climate Change Regime and the Trade Regime” Jeffrey Frankel Global Climate Change (GCC) policy is a large and complicated subject.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Trade Organization in 2020
    TRADE 167 The World Trade Organization in 2020 STEVE CHARNOVITZ* The inauguration of a new international journal and the commencement of the second decade of the World Trade Organization (WTO) together provide an opportunity to reflect on the WTO’s legacy and its future. Government policies are always experiments, as Jan Tumlir explained.1 To date, the experiment of the WTO has achieved success beyond the expectation of many observers. What lies ahead? The leading international trade law casebook admits that ‘[i]t is hard to tell what may happen in the future.’2 Still, we should try to discern the horizon as part of our efforts to improve future conditions in international economic governance.3 This article proceeds in three parts. Part I examines the trends and tensions influencing the WTO today. Part II offers two scenarios for the WTO circa the year 2020.4 I start with a pessimistic scenario and then present an optimistic scenario as seen from the future. Part III concludes with a forecast and some recommendations. I THE WTO OF 2005: KEY FEATURES AND TRENDS The WTO today stands as a central institution of international law and international economic relations. This status might not be so surprising * George Washington University Law School, Washington, D.C. The author wishes to thank two anonymous referees for helpful comments. 1 Jan Tumlir, Economic Policy as a Constitutional Problem, Occasional Paper 70 (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1984) at 18. 2 John H. Jackson, William J. Davey & Alan O. Sykes, Jr., eds., Legal Problems of International Economic Relations, 4th ed.
    [Show full text]
  • International Trade & Developing Countries
    Fordham International Law Journal Volume 29, Issue 2 2005 Article 1 International Trade & Developing Countries Steve Charnovitz∗ ∗ Copyright c 2005 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj International Trade & Developing Countries Steve Charnovitz Abstract This is an introduction to Fordham International Law Journal, Volume 29, Number 2. This book quite appropriately addresses the challenge of trade and developing countries. INTRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL TRADE & DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Steve Charnovitz* INTRODUCTION An opportunity for international trade is important for all countries, and yet is especially vital for low-income countries fac- ing the steepest development challenges. Cross-border trade among mutually-consenting private economic actors is sure to occur spontaneously as it has done for thousands of years. Yet in modern economies, international trade is regularly restricted by governments on both the import and export sides of a transac- tion. Over the past several decades, industrial countries have er- ected numerous barriers to exports from developing countries and have therefore been at least partly responsible for undercut- ting human development opportunities in those countries. To be sure, counterproductive governmental policies in many devel- oping countries are also important factors in explaining why per- sistent poverty is often so hard to eradicate. The post-World War II international trading system has al- ways recognized
    [Show full text]