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David Fanning and Retaliatory Violence Between Tories and Whigs in the Revolutionary Carolinas
“Blood for blood”: David Fanning and Retaliatory Violence between Tories and Whigs in the Revolutionary Carolinas By: Gregory Mayr History 586: Advanced Seminar in History Kansas State University Spring 2014 Professor Louise Breen Abstract This paper, relying primarily on Loyalist Colonel David Fanning’s personal narrative of the American Revolution, will argue that Fanning applied, in some of his actions, a form of retributive reasoning similar to that described by Historians Wayne E. Lee and Jeffrey J. Crow as typical for the revolutionary Carolinas. In Fanning’s case, the code by which he decided what to do in given situations was more complex than a one-dimensional law of retaliation; Fanning made an effort to incorporate conventional forms of honor into his actions, but harbored a great deal of distrust for his adversaries that came out of the experiences he had during the Revolution with his Whig opponents. His targets were purposive, aimed at Whig leadership, supplies and government officials. Fanning’s level of violence escalated toward the end of the revolution due to his genuine disdain for the rebels and his resentment at fighting what he eventually acknowledged to be a losing war. Keywords: Fanning; Retaliation; Retribution; lex talionis; Burke 2 On 28 February 1782, the infamous loyalist partisan David Fanning wrote a cold and threatening letter of protest to Governor Thomas Burke of North Carolina. The Whig government had hanged “three of my men, one Captain and two privates,” and was detaining an additional “Captain and six men under the sentence of death.”1 Fanning knew that the British cause had entered its death throes with the definitive American victory at Yorktown, Virginia, in October, 1781, but fighting units remained mobilized until the signing of the peace treaty in 1783, and in the meantime governments throughout the former colonies had to make decisions about how to deal with the militia men who continued the civil war in the southern frontier. -
The Impact of Weather on Armies During the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 The Force of Nature: The Impact of Weather on Armies during the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T. Engel Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE FORCE OF NATURE: THE IMPACT OF WEATHER ON ARMIES DURING THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-1781 By JONATHAN T. ENGEL A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Jonathan T. Engel defended on March 18, 2011. __________________________________ Sally Hadden Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________ Kristine Harper Committee Member __________________________________ James Jones Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii This thesis is dedicated to the glory of God, who made the world and all things in it, and whose word calms storms. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Colonies may fight for political independence, but no human being can be truly independent, and I have benefitted tremendously from the support and aid of many people. My advisor, Professor Sally Hadden, has helped me understand the mysteries of graduate school, guided me through the process of earning an M.A., and offered valuable feedback as I worked on this project. I likewise thank Professors Kristine Harper and James Jones for serving on my committee and sharing their comments and insights. -
Two Cannon Wreck” Project, 1986
The “Two Cannon Wreck” Project, 1986 The “Two Cannon Wreck” Project Archaeology Underwater at Lewisfield Plantation, Berkeley County, SC By Carl Steen 1987 (Revised March 2018) 1987 (revised March 2018) 1 The “Two Cannon Wreck” Project, 1986 ABSTRACT In the fall of 1986 South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology personnel conducted test excavations at the Two Cannon Wreck site (38BK856). This site is located offshore from Lewisfield Plantation, on the West Branch of the Cooper River near Moncks Corner in Berkeley County, South Carolina. A reminiscence of an action that occurred at Lewisfield Plantation in the American Revolution on July 16, 1781, was published in the nineteenth century. Based on this account, three divers found a sunken vessel and recovered two cannons of Revolutionary War vintage. Pursuant to the mandates of The South Carolina Underwater Antiquities Act of 1982, a long-term archaeological recovery plan was undertaken, the first phase of which involved limited testing and extensive archival research. A total of nine five-foot-square excavation units were opened along one side of the keel that revealed about twenty feet of the vessel. This testing revealed a burned vessel of indeterminate length and approximately fourteen feet abeam. Artifacts recovered from the test units date from the entire period of the occupation of Lewisfield Plantation. However, artifacts directly associated with the vessel, including melted glass and military items, date to the period of the American Revolution, supporting the contention that this vessel was burned and sunk during the Revolution. Extensive research into primary and secondary documents on the American Revolution in South Carolina has revealed nothing to corroborate the published reminiscence, or to clearly document (or deny) this, or any, action at Lewisfield. -
Wildland Interface Communities Within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High Risk from Wildfire; Notice
Friday, August 17, 2001 Part III Department of Agriculture Forest Service Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Land Management Fish and Wildlife Service National Park Service Urban Wildland Interface Communities Within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High Risk From Wildfire; Notice VerDate 11<MAY>2000 17:38 Aug 16, 2001 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\17AUN2.SGM pfrm07 PsN: 17AUN2 43384 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 160 / Friday, August 17, 2001 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Tribes and was prepared for publication opportunities. Although this State-level by the Secretaries of Agriculture and the flexibility has resulted in some variance Forest Service Interior. The information in the updated among State submissions, the list set out at the end of this notice was Secretaries feel the application of a DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR compiled at the State and/or Tribal level standardized process has resulted in by collaborative interagency groups. As greater nationwide consistency for the Bureau of Indian Affairs a result of this collaborative effort, the revised lists. Secretaries have prepared a more The information contained in the list Bureau of Land Management complete list that better reflects the set out at the end of this notice will be relationship between Federal lands and used by interagency groups of land Fish and Wildlife Service the urban wildland interface problem in managers at the State and/or Tribal level the United States. This annotated list to collaboratively identify priority areas National Park Service supersedes the list published in the within their jurisdictions that would Federal Register on January 4, 2001 (66 benefit from hazard reduction activity. -
South Carolina in the American Revolution
South Carolina in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati South Carolina in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Washington, D. C. October 21, 2004 – April 9, 2005 his catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the Texhibition South Carolina in the American Revolution on display from October 21, 2004, to April 9, 2005, at Anderson House, Headquarters, Library and Museum of the Society of the Cincinnati, 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20008. The exhibition is the eighth in a series focusing on the eft mainly to her own resources, contributions to the American Revolution made by the original it was through bloodshed thirteen states and the French alliance. L and devastation and the depths Generous support for this exhibition was provided by the of wretchedness that [South Carolina’s] Society of the Cincinnati of the State of South Carolina. citizens were to bring her back to her place in the republic by their own heroic courage Also available: and self devotion, having suffered more, Massachusetts in the American Revolution: “Let It Begin Here” (1997) New York in the American Revolution (1998) and dared more, and achieved more New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) than the men of any other state. Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) — George Bancroft, (2002) Delaware in the American Revolution History of the United States (1857) Georgia in the American Revolution (2003) Text by Ellen McCallister Clark Front cover illustration: Captain Jacob Shubrick by Henry Benbridge. -
Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina James Matthew Am C Donald Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Politics of the personal in the old north state: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina James Matthew aM c Donald Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Mac Donald, James Matthew, "Politics of the personal in the old north state: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3625. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3625 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. POLITICS OF THE PERSONAL IN THE OLD NORTH STATE: GRIFFITH RUTHERFORD IN REVOLUTIONARY NORTH CAROLINA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of History By James M. Mac Donald B.A., University of Delaware, 1995 M.A., Appalachian State University, 1997 May, 2006 To My Parents ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my committee for their support and suggestions during the writing of my dissertation. As a student, I had the good fortune of taking seminars with each member beginning with my first graduate class at LSU. Mark Thompson became director late in the course of the project and generously agreed to chair the committee during the last semester. -
Backcountry Warrior: Brig. Gen. Andrew Williamson the “Benedict Arnold of South Carolina” and America's First Major Double
Backcountry Warrior: Brig. Gen. Andrew Williamson The “Benedict Arnold of South Carolina” and America’s First Major Double Agent -- Part I BY LLEWELLYN M. TOULMIN, PH. D., F.R.G.S. This two-part series contains the following sections: Introduction Acknowledgements Biography of Brigadier General Andrew Williamson White Hall Possible Link to Liberia Archaeological Reconnaissance of 1978 Archaeological Survey of March 2011 Archaeological Expedition of 2011-12 Conclusions Biographical Note. Introduction Andrew Williamson was a fascinating and very controversial character in South Carolina Revolutionary history. He was loved by his many supporters and reviled by his many enemies. He was called the “Benedict Arnold of South Carolina” for laying down his arms in June 1780 and taking British protection. He surprised his critics, however, by revealing after the war that for a crucial period while living in besieged Charleston he had spied against the British, and had passed vital intelligence to the Americans. Because of his high rank and important information passed on for almost a year, he can fairly be described as “America’s first major double agent.” Despite his fame and notoriety, and historical importance, no biography of Williamson longer than a page or two has ever been published. Furthermore, no book on spy-craft in the Revolution has focused on Williamson or apparently even mentioned him and his spying efforts.1 1 Some of the relevant books that do not mention Williamson’s spying activities include: Harry and Marjorie Mahoney, -
Vol. 3 No. 12.3______December 2006
Vol. 3 No. 12.3______________________________________________________ __December 2006 Christmas Greetings from SCAR Camp Blessings to All this New Year “Brothers in Arms” painting by Darby Erd showing five actual members of the South Carolina 3d Regiment of the Continental Line at the Purrysburg redoubt on the Savannah River. Biographies of those men pictured above: Catawba Indian Peter Harris, p. 32; Robert Gaston, p. 33; “free Negro” Drury Harris, p. 33; “Negro Adam”, p. 34; David Hopkins, p. 34. See related unit history on page 28. Painting © 2005, 2006 Cultural & Heritage Museums. In This Edition: Battle of Burke County Jail…..…….……………...……15 Editor / Publisher’s Notes……………………..……….…2 Patriot Gen. John Twiggs……………………….…….…16 Upcoming SCAR events…………………..….…….3 and 6 Patriot Lt. Col. James McCall………………….……….19 Southern Revolutionary War Institute………..…………5 1779 Journal of British Major Francis Skelley…….…..24 Digging for Information: Archaeology...…….…...…...…7 History of the Third SC Continental Regiment…….….28 Letters to the Editor……………………………………..10 Biographies of SCIII soldiers in painting……………....32 Calendar of Upcoming Events……………………..……13 Pension Statement - Patriot Marshall Franks…..….….36 1 Editor / Publisher’s Notes Southern Campaigns Roundtable Meeting Great things have been affected by a few men well Southern Campaigns Roundtable will meet on December 9, 2006 conducted. George Rogers Clark to Patrick Henry, in Pendleton, SC at the historic Farmers Hall (upstairs) on the old Governor of Virginia, February 3, 1779. town square -
Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Proposed Land Management Plan
United States Department of Agriculture Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Proposed Land Management Plan Forest Southern National Forests R8 MB-154 LMP January Service Region in North Carolina 2020 Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Proposed Land Management Plan In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. -
A Memoir of the Archaeological Excavation of Fort Prince George, Pickens County, South Carolina Along with Pertinent Historical Documentation Marshall W
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Research Manuscript Series Institute of 1998 A Memoir of the Archaeological Excavation of Fort Prince George, Pickens County, South Carolina Along with Pertinent Historical Documentation Marshall W. Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Marshall W., "A Memoir of the Archaeological Excavation of Fort Prince George, Pickens County, South Carolina Along with Pertinent Historical Documentation" (1998). Research Manuscript Series. 202. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/202 This Book is brought to you by the Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Manuscript Series by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Memoir of the Archaeological Excavation of Fort Prince George, Pickens County, South Carolina Along with Pertinent Historical Documentation Keywords Excavations, Duke Power Company, Fort Prince George, Pickens County, South Carolina, Archeology Disciplines Anthropology Publisher The outhS Carolina Institute of Archeology and Anthropology--University of South Carolina Comments In USC online Library catalog at: http://www.sc.edu/library/ This book is available at Scholar Commons: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/202 A Memoir of the Archaeological Excavation of -
Man Charged in Animal Abuse Case by Jessica Webb [email protected]
SMOKY MOUNTAIN TIMES Volume 131, No. 35 Bryson City, NC 28713 Thursday, April 2, 2015 www.thesmokymountaintimes.com $1 In-home aide program stuck between rock, hard place By Jessica Webb Another factor is that, many ers during a work session meet- $13.88 per hour since 2012. The county has also had a workers in the program that [email protected] of the people employed in the ing Thursday, March 26. “The program has strug- decline in the number of people cared for 55 clients. program say their options By the end of the 2014- gled for several years,” Lewis it employs and cares for in the Very few counties in North The future of Swain Coun- would be limited and their re- 2015 fiscal year, Lewis said said. “I’m assuming that in the program. According to infor- Carolina still run in-home aide ty’s In Home Aide Services tirement would be devastated the program will close with a past, other programs have had mation submitted by the health programs, she added. Accord- is on shaky ground. Swain if they lost their jobs now. $147,000 deficit. to take up that expense or the department, there are currently ing to the health department, County commissioners are Misty Lewis, finance officer While costs have risen for county has had to increase 16 full-time employees and there are four other agencies faced with the tough challenge with Swain County Health De- the program, the Medicaid its allocation to cover those three part-time, who care for that offer in-home aide services of what to do about the pro- partment, presented the facts reimbursement rate has not. -
Southern Campaign of the Revolution National Heritage Area Suitability / Feasibility Study North Carolina and South Carolina
SOUTHERN CAMPAIGN OF THE REVOLUTION National Heritage Area Suitability / Feasibility Study North Carolina and South Carolina National Park Service | U.S. Department of the Interior July 2014 EX ECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Following consideration of the counties above, the National Park Service determined The Department of the Interior, National that a focused corridor containing the Park Service (NPS), has prepared this concentration of historic resources that are National Heritage Area Suitability / Feasibility representative of the story best meets Study to determine the suitability and national heritage area feasibility criteria. feasibility of designating areas of North Carolina and South Carolina as a national heritage area. This study meets the THE NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE requirements of the NPS interim National SOUTHERN CAMPAIGN OF THE Heritage Area Feasibility Study Guidelines AMERICAN REVOLUTION (2003) and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended. Just as the American Revolution shaped the course of American history, the Southern Campaign dramatically altered the course of LEGISLATIVE HISTORY the Revolution. The initial phase of the war in the South brought a string of American Congress directed the Secretary of the victories, drove British forces from the Interior to conduct a study regarding the region, cowed American Loyalists, and suitability and feasibility of designating the pacified the southern states. Southern Campaign of the Revolution National Heritage Area (Public Law 109- The second phase of the Southern Campaign 338). The study was conducted in opened after nearly five years of bloody consultation with state historic preservation combat in other parts of America that had officers; state historical societies; the North resulted in a frustrating stalemate.