Area-Based Assessment: East Luhansk Basic Service Unit Overview Ukraine, July 2017
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Area-based Assessment: East Luhansk Basic Service Unit Overview Ukraine, July 2017 Introduction Key Findings Map 1: Locations of assessed settlements in the East Luhansk BSU Conflict between Ukrainian forces and armed This overview covers the East Luhansk BSU NOVOPSKOV ² UKRAINE Luhanska opposition groups broke out in eastern where 19 communities were assessed (Figure oblast Ukraine in 2014. Almost 10,000 people have 1). Donetska oblast been killed, 22,231 wounded, and about one RUSSIAN million displaced from their homes by fighting1. • Service access is best in the larger FEDERATION The humanitarian and recovery response communities of Stanytsia Luhanska, STAROBILSK to the crisis is hampered by information Vilkhove, Shchastia and Petropavlivka. These BILOVODSK gaps regarding access to basic services in communities have functioning health and communities located close to the contact line. education facilities, financial services and markets, and are connected to the water and RUSSIAN REACH conducted an assessment of all FEDERATION sewage networks. However, health, education NOVOAIDAR settlements within 5 km of the contact line with and waste disposal services in Stanytsia LYSYCHANSK two main objectives: 1. To understand how Luhanska have been badly affected by conflict. residents of communities in the area access PETROPAVLIVKA TEPLE ORIKHOVE- SEREDNOTEPLE DONETSKE KRIAKIVKA NYZHNOTEPLE basic services; 2. To identify gaps in service PEREDILSKE ARTEMA • Eight of the smaller communities have PISHCHANE TROKHIZBENKA provision and understand challenges from Settlements STARYI SHCHASTIA MALYNOVE particularly poor access to services because Assessed AIDAR MAKAROVE Non-Assessed Settlements Providing Services STANYTSIA the perspectives of both service providers LOBACHEVE LUHANSKA VILKHOVE they have no education facilities, no running Reference Settlements > 10,000 VALUISKE and users. The results will be used to inform BOLOTENE water and no primary healthcare facilities. BSU Boundary SYZE INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) 0 7142128Kms strategic planning by humanitarian and local LUHANSK government actors. • Some basic services are available in seven Figure 1: Communities assessed within the East communities, although residents still face Figure 2: Profiles of KIs interviewed This assessment collected data at the Luhansk BSU community level from 100 communities. access challenges caused by a lack of facilities, Interviews were conducted with 350 Key insufficient and expensive public transport and Settlement Pop. Settlement Pop. Profile Female Male Total Informants (KIs) representing community security risks due to shelling and landmines/ Stanytsia Luhanska 13,000 Staryi Aidar 320 members, members of the local administration, Explosive Remnants of War (ERW). Shchastia 9,250 Kriakivka 200 Community KI 54 8 62 and representatives of health and education Petropavlivka 5,200 Lobacheve 190 Administration KI 12 6 18 • Distance to facilities and the high cost of facilities. The assessment did not conduct Valuiske 3,990 Bolotene 75 Education facility KI 27 2 29 representative sampling, and therefore results transport are the key challenges in accessing Vilkhove 3,200 Orikhove-Donetske 56 Health facility KI 10 4 14 should be considered indicative only. Through facilities and services. Public transport is network analysis, the assessed communities insufficient across the BSU, so travelling to Trokhizbenka 2,000 Malynove 51 were clustered into seven Basic Service Units services is time-consuming and expensive. Makarove 1,842 Pishchane 38 (BSUs) to determine the main constraints in Nyzhnoteple 1,700 Serednoteple 20 service access and provision in each BSU. Peredilske 300 Syze 15 Artema 550 1. OHCHR, ‘Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine’, December 2016. Protection Map 2: Courts and police stations in the BSU Protection risks are high across the BSU due to Frequent shelling indicates a high need for Services NOVOPSKOV proximity to the contact line: 14 of the assessed psycho-social support (PSS) services, which Court Temporaily closed facilities communities are located under 3 km from the are insufficient in 16 communities. KIs in Police Service Links contact line. KIs in seven of the assessed Orikhove-Donetske, Vilkhove and Bolotene Court communities reported daily or weekly shelling reported further PSS services are not required. Assessed Non-Assessed Settlements Providing Services Reference Settlements > 10,000 in some areas of their communities. This Child Friendly Spaces are present in four STAROBILSK BSU Boundary was confirmed by International NGO Safety communities, but more are required in all INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) Organisation (INSO) data in four communities, communities as KIs in these four communities BILOVODSK while the remaining three communities are felt the number available was insufficient. within hearing range of daily or weekly shelling Vulnerable groups but have not been hit directly. Specific protection concerns for women were RUSSIAN Landmine / ERW risks FEDERATION reported only in Stanytsia Luhanska, where KIs Landmines/ERW are reported in 17 of the stated that domestic violence is an issue and NOVOAIDAR assessed communities, but not all hazardous that services available for survivors of domestic LYSYCHANSK areas have been marked. Mine Risk Education violence are not sufficient. TEPLE (MRE) is required in all but four of the assessed PETROPAVLIVKA IDPs are reportedly living in 14 of the communities SEREDNOTEPLE KRIAKIVKA NYZHNOTEPLE communities, particularly in Shchastia and ORIKHOVE- PEREDILSKE ARTEMA assessed. There are over 3,000 registered IDPs DONETSKE PISHCHANE TROKHIZBENKA Artema where MRE has reportedly only been MALYNOVE in Stanytsia Luhanska, according to the local STARYI SHCHASTIA delivered for schoolchildren. AIDAR MAKAROVE VILKHOVE administration, indicating a need for IDP-specific LOBACHEVE STANYTSIA LUHANSKA VALUISKE Protection challenges for communities services such as documentation support in this BOLOTENE SYZE area. Administrators reported high proportions 0612 18 24 Kms Mines/ERW are the most frequently cited LUHANSK of elderly people in all communities. Data from protection concern across all communities. community KIs suggest elderly residents may Community tension, typically between 2 struggle to cope with service access challenges Figure 3: Key protection concerns reported Figure 4: Checkpoints affecting communities internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 58+29+23+13 related to distance and travel time. residents, is the second most cited concern. 1. Mines / ERW 58% Communities where checkpoint 13 / 17 Destruction of property due to shelling is a Military checkpoints 2. Community tension 29% controls access particular concern in Stanytsia Luhanska; Checkpoints control access to 13 communities2. 3. Destruction of property 23% Communities where checkpoint 6 / 17 KIs in Lobacheve and Makarove reported restricts entry or exit Checkpoints restrict entry and exit to the residents were concerned by the proximity of 4. Shelling 13% community for residents of Shchastia, Communities where checkpoint 3 / 17 armed actors in these communities. Trokhizbenka, Vilkhove, Makarove and Syze. restricts delivery of goods KIs reported protection services are Entry and exit to Kriakivka is also affected by the Communities affected by a 1 / 17 unavailable or insufficient across the BSU. Trokhizbenka checkpoint, but the checkpoint checkpoint elsewhere does not control entry to the community. 2 2. Residents reported checkpoints do not affect Orikhove- Donetske, Valuiske, Peredilske, Malynove or Artema. Education Map 3: Schools and kindergartens in the BSU ! There are 29 functioning schools in the BSU: some damage due to shelling, and 13 remain Services NOVOPSKOV ! ! Kindergarten 13 kindergartens, 14 all-grade schools, one in need of repairs. Stanytsia Luhanska ! Secondary Base School primary and lower secondary school and one Specialised School (Grades 1-3) was ! All Grades School Service Links upper-secondary school. The main challenges completely destroyed by shelling and teaching Education in accessing education in the BSU are the now takes place in a kindergarten and a Assessed Non-Assessed Settlements Providing Services Reference Settlements > 10,000 distance to facilities, lack of transport and nearby office. Electricity shortages occur STAROBILSK BSU Boundary !! conflict-related security risks. KIs in Orikhove- regularly at seven schools, only two of which INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) Donetske, Malynove and Pishchane reported have generators. Heating shortages were BILOVODSK !! that all or almost all families with children have infrequent and only reported at three schools. left these communities. All schools except Peredilske Kindergarten are Education access challenges connected to the sewage network and have RUSSIAN flushing toilets. However, two schools have FEDERATION All levels of education are available in eight no running water and one experiences daily ! communities. Children from other communities NOVOAIDAR ! shortages. Pupil-to-toilet ratios meet SPHERE in the BSU travel to these communities to standards3 at kindergartens (10 pupils per LYSYCHANSK attend schools or to Novoaidar (25 km north of toilet on average), at the primary and lower ! TEPLE the contact line). PETROPAVLIVKA ! SEREDNOTEPLE ! ! secondary school (7 pupils per toilet) and at KRIAKIVKA !! ! NYZHNOTEPLE ORIKHOVE- PEREDILSKE ARTEMA ! PISHCHANE The chief access challenges in the BSU are the the upper secondary school (11 pupils per DONETSKE