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Afghanistan Review, 10 April 2012

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Afghanistan Review, 10 April 2012 CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CENT RE Afghanistan Review Week 17 24 April 2012 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises This document provides a weekly overview of developments in Afghanistan from 17 – 23 April 2012, INSIDE THIS ISSUE with hyper-links to source material highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. For more information Economic Development on the topics below or other issues pertaining to events in Afghanistan, contact the members of the Afghanistan Team, or visit our website at www.cimicweb.org. Governance & Rule of Law Security & Force Protection Economic Development Steven A. Zyck ► [email protected] Social & Strategic Infrastructure report on “Afghanistan: The Uncertain Economics of Transition” by Anthony Cordes- DISCLAIMER man of the Center for Strategic and International Studies says that preparation for the A economic aspects of the transition process in Afghanistan is being undermined by a lack The Civil-Military Fusion Centre of data. Reliable figures concerning population and gross domestic product (GDP) are unavail- (CFC) is an information and able, and different organisations’ estimates vary widely. In addition, Cordesman’s report, knowledge management organisa- which is labelled a “First Working Draft” notes that data on aid spending is likewise unavaila- tion focused on improving civil- ble given that donor institutions do not adequately report data, thus making it difficult to de- military interaction, facilitating termine how much may have been spent “on” Afghanistan and how much money actually was information sharing and enhancing provided “to” Afghanistan. While noting that Afghanistan’s economy is currently inflated by situational awareness through the international spending on security and development, Cordesman concludes that the lack of CimicWeb portal and our weekly meaningful data makes the economic impact of the transition process difficult to predict. The and monthly publications. report ultimately suggests that data must be gathered and that planning for the economic ele- CFC products are based upon and ments of the transition must be dealt with seriously and transparently, prioritising not only the link to open-source information amounts provided but also the impact and effectiveness of aid dollars. from a wide variety of organisations, Writing in Foreign Policy, Afghanistan’s recently-installed Minister for Rural Rehabilitation research centres and media outlets. and Development, Wais Ahmad Barmak, says that “[another] decade more is needed before However, the CFC does not endorse Afghanistan’s economy can generate a substantial proportion of its own budget” but notes that and cannot necessarily guarantee significant progress in social and economic development has been achieved in recent years. He the accuracy or objectivity of these particularly highlights national initiatives such as the National Solidarity Programme (NSP) sources. and suggests that continued support is needed, including from American firms, to develop licit CFC publications are inde- agriculture and agri-businesses in Afghanistan. pendently produced by Desk The latest opium assessment conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Officers and do not reflect (UNODC) finds that poppy cultivation is set to rise in nine Afghan provinces and remain NATO or ISAF policies or posi- steady in another eight; it is set to decline in only one of the country’s 34 provinces, according tions of any other organisation. to The Economist. With poppy cultivation rising, past alternative livelihood efforts, including the British government’s Food Zone programme, appear to face renewed challenges. In Hel- The CFC is part of NATO Allied mand province, where the Food Zone initiative was focused, poppy farmers and narcotics traf- Command Operations. fickers have proven adaptable, moving their fields away from the initiative’s target areas and relocating them to the North of the province. In doing so, they manage to undermine counter- narcotics efforts and expand an industry which has given rise to corruption and spiralling rates of drug addiction not only in Afghanistan but also in neighbouring countries. The US military is sending select Afghanistan-bound service members to agricultural trainings in California prior to their deployments. The trainings are held in California’s central valley, CONTACT THE CFC which has similar agro-climatic conditions and contains crops common to Afghanistan, includ- ing pistachios, almonds, wheat, pomegranates and grapes. The weeklong courses are run by a For further information, contact: consortium of American universities led by the University of California-Davis. While those Afghanistan Team Leader leading the trainings say they will not produce agronomists or expert farmers in five days, they [email protected] can help ensure that soldiers who interact with Afghans in rural areas are literate about the challenges facing farmers. The Afghanistan Team [email protected] In related news, the Associated Press (AP) reports that a 60-member Illinois National Gua rd unit has returned from Afghanistan, where it served as an Agribusiness Devel- Do You Have Too opment Team (ADT). The ADT members worked with 3,000 Afghan farmers, trained “e xtension agents” who help train and advise fellow farmers, and worked on forestry Much to Read? initiatives. The Illinois National Guard unit’s ADT responsibilities are passing to Na- tional Guard members from the US state of Wisconsin, who have been training for Listen to the CFC Afghanistan more than a year to take on the role, according to a separate AP report. Review Podcast on your computer, smartphone, tablet or other device. The director of the Nangarhar provincial agriculture department tells Pajhwok Afghan News that a decades-old fish farm has been washed away. The farm raised Afghan fish Click here to access the podcasts. varieties which sell for approximately USD 5 per kg, and its destruction is described as a commercial as well as cultural loss. Officials at Nangarhar University agriculture faculty indicate that the farm had been poorly managed. Two months ago many of the fish had been lost when the provincial power department attempted to rehabilitate a nearby dam. Lastly, Pajhwok reports that the price of one kg of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Kabul dropped from AFN 55 (USD 1.14) to AFN 45 (USD 0.93) over the course of the past week. This change is credited to the ample supply of LPG being imported via northern Af- ghanistan and a recent improvement in the weather, which had reduced demand for LPG, which is used primarily for cooking and heating. Prices for other commonly purchased commodities, particularly food and fuel, remained steady. A litre of diesel sold for AFN 63 (USD 1.30) in Kabul, and a litre of petrol cost AFN 65 (USD 1.35), the same as a week earlier. Governance & Rule of Law Stefanie Nijssen ► [email protected] oreign ministers from NATO and International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) member countries gathered together in Brus- sels on 19 April to discuss how the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) will be funded after the 2014 transition, according F to NATO’s website. The meeting, which was held in preparation for NATO’s upcoming summit in Chicago, also included Af- ghanistan’s foreign and defence ministers, the European Union High Representative, the United Nations Special Representative and the Foreign Minister of Japan. Some countries which are not members of NATO’s ISAF mission in Afghanistan, such as Russia and China, were asked to help meet the estimated USD 4.1 billion annual cost of maintaining the ANSF, according to Reuters. NATO’s Senior Civilian Representative in Afghanistan Simon Gass told Tolo News that the United States and non-ISAF countries, such as Ja- pan, Pakistan, India and Gulf region states are expected to provide more than half of the required funding. NATO and ISAF countries (excluding the United States) will give USD 1.3 billion and the remaining USD 500 million will come from the Afghan government. Though the specific country breakdown of the figures was not disclosed, British Defence Minister Phillip Hammond stated the United Kingdom has already confirmed its pledge of USD 110 million. The Afghan and US governments have agreed on the contents of a long-awaited strategic partnership agreement which will define their relationship after most foreign troops leave at the end of 2014, The Guardian reports. Afghan President Hamid Karzai had earlier said that the long-term agreement being negotiated with the United States should specify a written commitment of at least USD 2 bil- lion, according to the Associated Press (AP). The Washington Post said that while the document pledges US financial assistance to Afghanistan through 2024, it does not detail explicit funding levels or address the controversial questions regarding long-term US ac- cess to military bases or troop levels. These issues will be negotiated in a separate deal sometime before 2014. The draft version of the Enduring Strategic Partnership Agreement, as the document is called, will first require approval from the Afghan and US legislatures. Afghan High Peace Council (HPC) members held talks with US officials and members of the US Congress on the latest political and security developments in Afghanistan, according to the Afghan Embassy in Washington, DC. The delegation, which was led by the council’s secretary-general, Masoum Stanikzai, briefed US officials within the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on the achievements of the peace council to date. Meanwhile, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that the US government will continue to press Pakistan to put pressure on the Haqqani Network, which she believes is responsible for the attacks in Kabul on 15 April, according to Tolo News. She also spoke with Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar and discussed their shared responsibility to confront the insurgency. President Karzai also condemned the attacks but said that he will continue to address the Taliban as his brothers, according to Khaama Press.
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