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TUNA FISHERY in KENY a Prepared by Dorcus Sigana National Component 4
IOTC-2009-SC-INF09 TUNA FISHERY IN KENY A prepared by Dorcus Sigana National Component 4 In Kenya, Tuna fishery is carried out artisanally and industrially. Artisanal fishermen sell their catch to the domestic market while Industrial fishermen process and export to the European Union market. Fishing is mainly confined to the coastal waters up to 50 meters depth. At Ungwana Bay, fishing has been extended to groups up to 200 meters for deep- water lobsters, prawns and demersal fishes. The larger pelagic fishes comprise the tuna and tuna-like species and the larger carangids, which are caught in large numbers between 15–200 meters depth mostly in June and July. Surveys on marine fisheries resources of Kenya dates back from 1951 when the East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization was formed, during which time the emphasis was on pelagic species. During the surveys on pelagic fishes between 1951 and 1954 catches of 0.52 kg/line/hr were obtained. 22% of the total catch was Scomberomorus commerson (Williams, 1956). In the same survey it was observed that tunas, especially the yellow fin tuna Thunnus albacares was present throughout the year, but with marked increase during the Southeast monsoon and very close to the shore up to 4 km off-shore. Other tunas that were found in the area were Albacare Thunnus alalunga, the dogtooth tuna Gymnosarda unicolor, small tuna Euthynnus affinis and skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis. Although these species were found within the Kenya waters they are unexploited. The Norad report states that Tunas are unique among fishes in having limited thermo- regulatory capacity. -
Introduction Tunas and Other Large Highly-Migratory Species
CHAPTER 1: AUTHOR: LAST UPDATE: OVERVIEW SECRETARIAT Jan. 25, 2006 1. Overview 1.1 What is ICCAT? Introduction Tunas and other large highly-migratory species are typically assessed and managed through international arrangements. Since the distribution of such stocks is not limited to the waters of any single sovereign nation, such arrangements are necessary in order to share the available research and fishery information. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas is responsible for the conservation of tunas and tuna-like species in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. The organization was established at a Conference of Plenipotentiaries, which prepared and adopted the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1966. After a ratification process, the Convention entered formally into force in 1969. The official languages of ICCAT are English, French and Spanish. The Commission's work requires the collection and analysis of statistical information relative to current conditions and trends of the fishery resources in the Convention. About 30 species are covered by the Convention: Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus thynnus), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), albacore (Thunnus alalunga), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis); swordfish (Xiphias gladius); billfishes such as white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), sailfish (Istiophorus albicans) and spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri & T. belone); mackerels such as spotted Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatese) and king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla); and, small tunas like black skipjack (Euthynnus alletteratus), frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), and Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda). Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) is also part of the Convention, although currently the primary responsibility for assessing and managing this species rests with the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT). -
Little Tuna Euthynnus Affinis in the Hong Kong Area*
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries Vol. 36, No. 1, 1970 9 Little Tuna Euthynnus affinis in the Hong Kong area* Gordon R. WILLIAMSON** (Received September 10, 1969) The Little Tuna Euthynnus affinis CANTOR(Fig . 1) is distributed from the east coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean to Indonesia and Japan across the equatorial Pacific Ocean to Hawaii (Fig. 2). KIKAWA et al.1) and WILLIAMS2) have summarised data on the species in the Pacific and Indian Oceans respectively , TESTER and NAKAMURA3) give additional information from Hawaii, ABE4) gives a good colour illustration of the species and NAKAMURA Fig. 1. Euthynnus affinis CANTOR. and MAGNUSON5) describe periodic changes From NAKAMURAand MAGNUSON5) in intensity of the fish's black spots . The taxonomy of the species, which was formerly called E. yaito by some biologists, is discussed by FRASER-BRUNNER6), COLLETTEand GIBBS7)and NAKAMURA8). A general account of fishery resources around Hong Kong is given by WILLIAMSON9). Fishermen's reports indicate that E. affinis is the commonest tuna in the Hong Kong area. Auxis thazard (LACEPEDE)is the only species with which it can be confused. E. affinis and A. thazard can be separated by the following characters: Fig. 2. Distribution of Euthynnus affinis CANTOR. After KIKAWA et a1.1) and WILLIAMS2)and with the Kwangtung coast added to the distribution range. One specimen of E. affinis has been recorded from California. * Contribution No . 36 from the Fisherier Research Station, Hong Kong. ** Agriculture and Fisheries Department , Fisheries Research Station, Aberdeen, Hong Kong. 10 E. affinis 15-16 dorsal fin rays, transient black spots under pectoral fins A. -
Ecological Importance of Auxis Spp. As Prey for Dolphin and Wahoo
Ecological importance of Auxis spp. as prey for Dolphin and Wahoo DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Marine Fisheries SAFMC Dolphin/Wahoo Committee| Steve Poland | 12/3/2018 Overview Background • MAFMC request Pelagic Food Web in the SAB • Auxis spp. Important prey in Dolphin/Wahoo diets • Poland thesis – seasonal and size contribution • Rudershausen – annual contribution Questions? 2 MAFMC Unmanaged Forage Omnibus Amendment “To prohibit the development of new and expansion of existing directed commercial fisheries on unmanaged forage species … until the Council has had an adequate opportunity to assess the scientific information relating to any new or expanded directed fisheries and consider potential impacts to existing fisheries, fishing communities, and the marine ecosystem.” Major Actions • Designate taxa included in the amendment as EC species • Manage chub mackerel under discretionary authority • Require EFPs for new fisheries and require comm vessels to be permitted if landing EC species 3 Request to South Atlantic NMFS disapproved measures • Determined inclusion of Auxis spp as a EC species is inconsistent with NS2 • Did not demonstrate the Auxis spp are important forage for MAFMC managed species MAFMC felt that Auxis still warranted protection within its management region • Sent request to SAFMC to consider management of Auxis under its Dolphin/Wahoo FMP Dolphin/Wahoo management unit extends from FL Keys through NY 4 Prey Groups 1. Sargassum associated prey • Filefish, pufferfish, juvenile jacks, swimming crabs 2. Surface schooling prey • Flying fish 3. Schooling prey not assoc. with surface • Bullet tuna, round herring, jacks, cephalopods 4. Small aggregations of crustaceans • Amphipods, stomatopods, isopods Auxis spp. Two species occur in the Atlantic: • A. -
Species Fact Sheets Euthynnus Affinis (Cantor, 1849)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Species Fact Sheets Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) Black and white drawing: (click for more) Synonyms Euthunnus yaito Kishinouye, 1915 Wanderer wallisi Whitley, 1937 Euthunnus affinis affinis Fraser-Brunner, 1949 Euthunnus alletteratus affinis Beaufort, 1951 Euthunnus wallisi Whitley, 1964 FAO Names En - Kawakawa, Fr - Thonine orientale, Sp - Bacoreta oriental. 3Alpha Code: KAW Taxonomic Code: 1750102406 Scientific Name with Original Description Thynnus affinis Cantor, 1849, J.Asiatic Soc.Bengal, 18(2):1088-1090 (Sea of Penang, Malaysia). Diagnostic Features Gillrakers 29 to 33 on first arch; gill teeth 28 or 29; vomerine teeth absent. Anal fin rays 13 or 14. Vertebrae 39; no trace of vertebral protuberances; bony caudal keels on 33 and 34 vertebrae. Colour: dorsal makings composed of broken oblique stripes. Geographical Distribution FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Launch the Aquatic Species Distribution map viewer Throughout the warm waters of the Indo-West Pacific, including oceanic islands and archipelagos.A few stray specimens have been collected in the eastern tropical Pacific. Habitat and Biology An epipelagic, neritic speciesinhabiting waters temperatures ranging from 18 to 29° C. Like other scombrids, E. affinis tend to form multispecies schools by size, 'i.e. with small Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis, Auxis sp., and Megalaspis cordyla (a carangid), comprising from 100 to over 5 000 individuals. Although sexually mature fish may be encountered throughout the year, there are seasonal spawning peaks varying according to regions: i.e. March to May in Philippine waters; during the period of the NW monsoon (October-November to April-May) around the Seychelles; from the middle of the NW monsoon period to the beginning of the SE monsoon (January to July) off East Africa; and probably from August to October off Indonesia. -
The Italian Annotated Bibliography on Small Tunas
SCRS/2020/061 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 77(9): 34-84 (2020) THE ITALIAN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SMALL TUNAS C. Piccinetti1, P. Addis2, A. Di Natale3, F. Garibaldi4, F. Tinti5 SUMMARY The Italian scientists have a long tradition of studies and research on many large pelagic species including, among others, the small tunas. The various small tuna species are important for the Italian fishery since many centuries, mostly from a socio-economical point of view. Some non- indigenous species are now present in the ICCAT Convention area. This is the first attempt to list together the many papers published so far by Italian scientists, concerning the biology of these species, the fisheries and many other scientific and cultural issues. The aim of this paper is to provide an annotated bibliography, with specific key words, even if it is surely incomplete, because of the many papers published over the years. This bibliography, which includes 309 annotated citations, was set together to serve the scientists and to help them in finding some rare references that might be useful for their work. RÉSUMÉ Les scientifiques italiens ont une longue tradition d'études et de recherches sur de nombreuses de espèces de grands pélagiques y compris, entre autres, les espèces de thonidés mineurs. Les différentes espèces de thonidés mineurs sont importantes pour la pêche italienne depuis de nombreux siècles, principalement d'un point de vue socio-économique. Certaines espèces non autochtones sont maintenant présentes dans la zone de la Convention de l’ICCAT. Il s'agit de la première tentative de répertorier les nombreux articles publiés à ce jour par des scientifiques italiens concernant la biologie de ces espèces, les pêcheries et de nombreuses autres questions scientifiques et culturelles. -
Fish Forensics: Two Strategies for Fish Identification
430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, MA, USA 01908 | 781-581-7370 ext. 343 | [email protected] | www.northeastern.edu/ogl Fish Forensics: two strategies for fish identification Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to learn about two different strategies for identifying fish. One is using a dichotomous key based on physical characteristics and the second is DNA barcoding. We typically present this activity as a 10- to 15-minute exercise, but it can be easily modified to discuss the process of DNA barcoding more in depth, or to even perform these laboratory protocols. Please feel free to reach out to Ocean Genome Legacy if you have any questions or would like guidance about completing any protocols in a laboratory. Part 1: Why is it important to be identify fish? 1. Have each student, or pair of students, chose a fish. We often have students pretend they are ‘fishing’ when they select their fish. a. Fish images are in the “Fish” folder. 2. Discuss why it is important to know the identity of this fish. a. fisheries management b. food safety c. conservation d. others? Part 2: Learning to use a dichotomous key 1. One way to identify an organism is to use morphological features. Using the flow chart, answer each of the questions based on the image with which the student is working. a. Flow chart is DichotomousKeyFlow_10.11.17.pptx in the “Dichotomous Key” folder. b. The key is alternately displayed as a traditional dichotomous key with a series of questions. It can be found in the same folder. -
Vertical and Onshore-Offshore Distributional Patterns of Tuna Larvae in Relation to Physical Habitat Features
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 21 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 Vertical and onshore-offshore distributional patterns of tuna larvae in relation to physical habitat features George W. ~oehlert',~~*, Bruce C. Mundyl 'Honolulu Laboratory, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2570 Dole St.. Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2396, USA 'Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii. Honolulu. Hawaii 96922, USA ABSTRACT: The seasonal and spatial distributions of larval scombrids in waters off Oahu, Hawaii, were studied in September and December 1985 and April and June 1986 to determine vertical and onshore-offshore patterns. Horizontal distribution was resolved by sampling transects of 3 stations on the windward (east; 3.7, 9.3, and 27.8 km offshore) and leeward (west; 1.8, 9.3, and 27.8 km offshore) sides of the island. Vertical distribution was resolved by sampling with MOCNESS and Manta nets in 8 depth strata (0 to 80 m) at the 2 nearshore stations and 9 depth strata (0to 200 m) at the 4 offshore sta- tions. Scombrid larvae were abundant in all months except December. Collections in September and June were dominated by Thunnus spp.; about half were large enough to be identified to species and were predominantly T. albacares. Thunnus spp. generally were most abundant closest to shore on the leeward slde of the island. Larval Thunnus were not taken at > 60 m, were most abundant in the upper 20 m, and were captured in the neuston at night but rarely in daytime. The other 2 dominant larval scombrids, Katsuwonus pelamis and Auxis spp. -
FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Biological characteristics of tuna Tuna and tuna-like species are very important economically and a significant Related topics source of food, with the so-called principal market tuna species - skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye, albacore, Atlantic bluefin, Pacific bluefin (those two species Tuna resources previously considered belonging to the same species referred as northern bluefin) Tuna fisheries and and southern bluefin tuna - being the most significant in terms of catch weight and utilization trade. These pages are a collection of Fact Sheets providing detailed information on tuna and tuna-like species. Related information FAO FishFinder Aquatic Species - fact Table of Contents sheets Taxonomy and classification Related activities Morphological characteristics FAO activities on tuna Geographical distribution Habitat and biology Trophic relations and growth Reproduction Bibliography Taxonomy and classification [ Family: Scombridae ] : Scombrids [ Family: Istiophoridae Family: Xiphiidae ] : Billfishes Upper systematics of tunas and tuna-like species Scombrids and billfishes belong to the suborder of the Scombroidei which position is shown below: Phylum : Chordata └─ Subphylum Vertebrata └─ Superclass Gnathostomata └─ Class Osteichthyes └─ Subclass Actinopterygii └─ Infraclass Teleostei └─ Superorder Acanthopterygii └─ Order Perciformes ├─ Suborder Scombroidei | └─ Family Scombridae └─ Suborder Xiphioidei FAO Fisheries -
The Italian Annotated Bibliography on Albacore (Thunnus Alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788)
SCRS/2019/156 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 76(8): 7-39 (2020) THE ITALIAN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ALBACORE (THUNNUS ALALUNGA, BONNATERRE, 1788) F. Garibaldi1, P. Addis2, A. Di Natale3, C. Piccinetti4, F. Tinti5 SUMMARY The Italian scientists have a long tradition of studies and research on albacore (Thunnus alalunga). This species is one of the most important for the Italian fishery since many centuries, even if it was often neglected. This is the first attempt to list together the many papers published so far by Italian scientists, concerning the biology of this species, the fisheries and many other scientific and cultural issues. The aim of this paper is to provide a sort of annotated bibliography, with specific key words, even if it is surely incomplete, because of the many papers published over the years. So far, we found 164 papers on albacore. This updated bibliography was set together to serve the scientists and to help them in finding some rare references that might be useful for their work. RÉSUMÉ Les scientifiques italiens ont une longue tradition d'études et de recherches sur le germon (Thunnus alalunga). Cette espèce est l'une des plus importantes pour la pêche italienne depuis de nombreux siècles, même si elle a été souvent négligée. Il s'agit de la première tentative de répertorier les nombreux articles publiés à ce jour par des scientifiques italiens concernant la biologie de cette espèce, les pêcheries et de nombreuses autres questions scientifiques et culturelles. Le but de ce document est de fournir une sorte de bibliographie annotée, avec des mots clés spécifiques, même si elle est sûrement incomplète, en raison des nombreux articles publiés au cours des années. -
Diego Garcia Yellowfin Tuna Tagging Expedition Final
Diego Garcia Yellowfin Tuna Tagging Expedition – Final Report Diego Garcia Yellowfin Tuna Tagging Expedition Final Report, February 2019 Curnick, DJ1., Arida, R2., Chapple, TK2. & Schallert, RJ2 1Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom 2Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, United States of America Funded by the Bertarelli Foundation through the Bertarelli Programme in Marine Science Diego Garcia Yellowfin Tuna Tagging Expedition – Final Report Executive Summary In the Indian Ocean, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) Working Party on Tropical Tunas (WPTT) has classified the ecologically significant and commercially important yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) as ‘Overfished and Subject to Overfishing’. As a global conservation and management strategy, large Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been increasing in number and size with the goal of protecting reef and pelagic species and the ocean ecosystems they occupy. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) Marine Protected Area provides a unique opportunity to investigate the role of MPAs in the protection and management of commercially important pelagic fishes, such as yellowfin tuna. Thus, a team of four BPMS researchers visited Diego Garcia in January 2019 to undertake a trial within its recreational fishery to see if it could serve as a source of valuable year-round data on yellowfin tuna in the central Indian Ocean (tagging, morphometrics, and DNA and stable isotope samples). The expedition demonstrated that the Morale, Welfare and Recreational (MWR) vessels used by the fishery are appropriate platforms for tagging activities. However, due to a combination of adverse weather, mechanical failures and flight cancellations, we were only able to fish for a total of 22 hours (having planned for 48 hours). -
Identification of Selected Tuna Species in Commercial Products
molecules Article Identification of Selected Tuna Species in Commercial Products Eliska Servusova * and Zora Piskata Depatrment of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420730956542 Abstract: This study was conducted to develop systems for the identification of four tuna species (skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares, bullet tuna Auxis sp. and Atlantic bonito Sarda sp). At first, raw samples of these species and a mix intended as internal control were prepared for the authentication of fish muscle tissue of the genus Thunnus sp., Auxis sp. and Sarda sp. DNA from raw muscle tissue, the mix and samples was extracted with the DNeasy mericon Food Kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany). The concentration and purity of DNA in raw samples were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Primers and probe sequences were specifically designed to identify the selected species. In addition, primers and a probe for the endogenous 12S rRNA gene were designed to determine the presence of amplifiable fish (especially tuna) DNA in samples. Furthermore, the species specificity of the designed primers and probes was verified in DNA samples of various tuna and bonito species. Limit of detection for the selected species was calculated as well as the coefficient of determination R2 and efficiency of real-time PCR testing was determined. To evaluate the developed real-time PCR methods, 70 commercial tuna products were analysed. The results show that mislabelling of fish products can still be encountered and, moreover, the presence of an additional species can be identified.