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UGANDA for Those with Disabilities in Rural Communities

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UGANDA for Those with Disabilities in Rural Communities DESIGN WITH DesigningUGANDA for those with disabilities in rural communities LUIS A. GARCIA Acknowledgements: Special thanks to: Jim Dewar Nelson Mukiika Kio Bjarki Hallgrimsson Jennifer Vandermeer Walter Zanneti Ramathan Kavuma Navin Parekh Zoe Krug Jennifer Tataryn Kisembo Salim Amanda Cox Charles Williams Andrew Dewar Moses Lena Sitnikova Joseph Nate Williams Bja My amazing classmates. i 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Research 3 Ideation 13 Preliminary Design Development 19 Definitive Design Development 27 Final Design Development 37 Appendix A 45 Appendix B 47 Appendix C Executive Summary This project started through a collaboration Having done much research the ideation between the READ Initiative at Carleton phase was started first by the development of University and CanUgan, a non-for-profit a mindmap. This mindmap helped understand organization found in Ottawa, Canada by the many complex problems and, how they Navin Parekh. CanUgan works closely with are related, surrounding the focus of the KADUPEDI, The Kasese District Union of research. This mindmap also helped attain a Persons with Disabilities, in Uganda. Both deeper understanding of each problem and CanUgan and KADUPEDI focus on providing the root source of them. Ideation followed by support through assistive devices to people the development of concepts dealing with in need. CanUgan’s proposal to the School of water management, either water collection Industrial Design at Carleton University was or water distribution. This process proved to design innovative devices for people with helpful but the best solution evetually found disabilities in Uganda. was a very complex system of creating a water source and a pump. This system proved to big Before the ideation phase could start, much a project to be done in an 8 month span of research was needed to be done in order to time. fully understand the many complex problems A change of focus was required. The focus that people face in Uganda, and more became making gardening more accessible. specifically, the Kasese district of Uganda. Two main concepts were developed, an The first step was to identify where Uganda is accessible kitchen garden, and a rolling located, how this location differs from Canada gardening chair to make gardening more and how this different context affects people. accessible in general. After recieving feedback Uganda, located in eastern Africa, is a very from KADUPEDI, it was decided to make lush country with a high annual average the rolling gardening chair the final design rainfall. direction to follow. Uganda, like many countries in the surrounding area, suffers from high poverty The preliminary design development revolved rates. Less common, is also the high around the simplification of an existing north percentage of disabled people, around 10- america gardening chair in order to make 15%. The main focus of the research for this it usable in a Uganda context. This process project developed around accessibility to proved to be successful when the first water and the importance of agriculture in the prototype was made. The first prototype was country. made using the least parts possible. It was The research done through this project also made the most versitile possible, this proved to be crucial in the development of ensured that the prototype could be tested assistive devices for people with disabilities in with many different wheel configurations. in Kasese, Uganda. An important fact found Through the lessons learned while testing with was the hardship that disabled people unable the first prototype, a second prototype was to farm go through everyday in order to made with an improved frame that allowed find sufficient food daily. The solution found for even more possibilities for testing. One of was to create accessible ways for disabled the more imporatnt aspects tested was the people to cultivate and maintain their own maneuverability of the device and the way the crops. This would help disabled people have user would be able to propulse said device. food and would also enable them to become The most succesful steering and propulsion contributing members of society, hopefully system was discovered when the wheels lessening the bad stigma placed on them. were pushed on, similarly to a wheelchair. This method gave the user the most control mechanism also proved to be unsuccessful as possible over the rolling gardening chair. the gear ratio used proved to be too high for Lessons learned in Canada helped prepare us the user to push wheels. for out trip to Uganda. Although neither of the propulsion systems proved to be very successful, many lessons Once in Uganda, we were fortunate enough were learned that were later applied to the to receive invaluable feedback from the many chosen propulsion system. people that we met. Our trip started with a vist to Makere University where we presented Once we were back in Canada, the final our projects to a group of faculty members. design development phase started. This presentation and the feedback received This phase started with the creation of many helped us prepare for what was to come sketches and CAD models dealing with the in Kasese. Once in the Kasese district, we addition of many features. Features added were introduced to many board members included a seat with armrests and a backrest, of KADUPEDI, Kio and his team. No time a basket holder to act as the storage system, was wasted, as a steering handle was added footrests, and more importantly a propulsion to the device after introducing the rolling mechanism. This mechanism was inspired gardening chair to Kio. Kio was able to quickly by the mechanism used in Amos Winter’s understand the concept behind the chair and Leverage Freedom Chair. The mechanism gave feedback and made improvements to was adapted to fit the rolling gardening chair, the design the same day. and instantly became the more successful Our second day in Kasese, we were fortunate mechanism tested. The final prototype was enough to meet Mark, my main user tester. built with feedback from Uganda in mind. Although I was not able to add anything to The design changed in many ways in order to my prototype, I was able to get very valuable withstand the rough Ugandan terrain. feedback from the most important person, Mark. With his help, I was be able to take this project to a level closer to helping people. Through out this project the ability of quick Mark was very interested in my project creative thinking proved to be an advantage and how it can help many people keep a in every situation. This ability makes the kitchen garden. Although he was convinced design process more flexible and able to something as raw as my prototype would help adapt to any situation presented. people as is, he helped me understand a few The project changed direction many different issues that need to be addressed in order to times, but each time lessons learned were improve my design. always applied and kept in mind when moving On the following two days two propulsion in a different direction. mechanisms were explored as possible Perhaps, one of the biggest lessons learned options. The first mechanism explored during this project was to fail quickly. Failing consisted of a ratchet attached to a wheel. quickly is a metaphor for learning quickly. This This mechanism did not achieve the desired is crucial to achieve a successful design. results as not enough force was able to be applied to the wheels. The cost of the ratchet also proved to be too high, making the solution unfeasible. The second mechanism explored consisted of a crank and sprocket system attached to one of the wheels. This RESEARCH Group Research: Project Location UGANDA KAMPALA KASESE Uganda: Kampala: Kasese: » Capital: Kampala » Population: 1,659,600 » Population: 74 300 » Oficial Languages: English » Area: 189 km2 » Main water bodies: Lake and Swahili » Density: 9,429.6/km2 George & Lake Edward » Population: 35.8 Million » Main Language: Luganda » Borders the Congo » 49% are under 15 years of » Elevation: 1190m » Originally built around mining age » Climate: Tropical Monsoon » Close proximity to the » Area: 236 040 km2 » Served by Enetebbe Airport Rwenzori Mountains & Queen » Climate: Tropical; Rainy with » Home to Makerere University Elizabeth National Park two dry seasons » Headquarters to the East » ~350 km from Kampala » Literacy Rate: 73.2% African Development Bank » LIfe Expectancy: 53 years CanUgan & KADUPEDI An Introduction to The Project: Navin Parekh founded CanUgan in 2010. It is a non-profit organization based solely CanUgan in association with KADUPEDI on a volunteer basis and has partnered with presented the need for devices to assist people KADUPEDI (Kasese District Union of Persons’ with disabilities in the rural areas of Uganda. with Disability) to protect, promote, and provide The goal for this project is to design products assistive devices to people with disabilities in that not only assist these users but also create Uganda. KADUPEDI is an organization located in empowerment by allowing these devices to Kasese that was founded in 1996 and has on 9 contribute to the quality of life of the user, their members of the executive committee both who families, and the community. This project is a work on a voluntary basis and all experience a continuation from the previous year’s group disability themselves. The goal of KADUPEDI is who all created devices that were based on to protect and improve the rights of all people KADUPEDI’s current tricycle design. Although with disabilities in the country. Their projects are the objective for this project is to design assistive district wide, and comprise both district level devices for those with disabilities, the focuses and grassroot activities that address the needs of have expanded from the tricycle to other devices, various disabilities (CanUgan, 2013).
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