Entertaining Beliefs in Economic Mobility
Entertaining Beliefs in Economic Mobility Eunji Kim† Abstract Americans have long believed in upward mobility and the narrative of the American Dream. Even in the face of rising income inequality and substantial empirical evidence that eco- nomic mobility has declined in recent decades, many Americans remain convinced of the prospects for upward mobility. What explains this disconnect? I argue that Americans’ media diets play an important role in explaining this puzzle. Specifically, contemporary Americans are watching a record number of entertainment TV programs that emphasize “rags-to-riches” narratives. I demonstrate that such shows have become a ubiquitous part of the media landscape over the last two decades. National surveys as well as online and lab- in-the-field experiments show that exposure to these programs increases viewers’ beliefs in the American Dream and promotes internal attributions of wealth. Media exemplars present in what Americans are watching instead of news can powerfully distort economic perceptions and have important implications for public preferences for redistribution. Word Count: 9,868 *The author is grateful to Larry Bartels, Michael X. Delli Carpini, Josh Clinton, Danny Donghyun Choi, Jamie Druckman, Daniel Q. Gillion, Andy Guess, Jessica Feezell, Daniel J. Hopkins, Yue Hou, Cindy Kam, Yphtach Lelkes, Matt Levendusky, Michelle Margolis, Marc Meredith, Diana C. Mutz, Rasmus T. Pedersen, Spencer Piston, Markus Prior, Hye Young You, Danna Young, and participants at the 2018 MPSA and APSA meetings. Kathleen Hall Jamieson of the Annenberg Public Policy Center generously shared the Nielsen ratings data. This research was funded by the University of Pennsylvania’s Institute for the Study of Citizens and Politics (ISCAP) andthe 2018 GAPSA-Provost Fellowship for Interdisciplinary Innovation.
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