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American Samoa
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M University THE LITHICS OF AGANOA VILLAGE (AS-22-43), AMERICAN SAMOA: A TEST OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCING TUTUILAN TOOL-STONE A Thesis by CHRISTOPHER THOMAS CREWS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2008 Anthropology THE LITHICS OF AGANOA VILLAGE (AS-22-43), AMERICAN SAMOA: A TEST OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCING TUTUILAN TOOL-STONE A Thesis by CHRISTOPHER THOMAS CREWS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Suzanne L. Eckert Committee Members, Ted Goebel Frederic Pearl Head of Department, Donny L. Hamilton May 2008 Major Subject: Anthropology iii ABSTRACT The Lithics of Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), American Samoa: A Test of Chemical Characterization and Sourcing Tutuilan Tool-Stone. (May 2008) Christopher Thomas Crews, B.A., Colorado College Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Suzanne L. Eckert The purpose of this thesis is to present the morphological and chemical analyses of the lithic assemblage recovered from Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Implications were found that include the fact that Aganoa Village did not act as a lithic workshop, new types of tools that can be included in the Samoan tool kit, a possible change in subsistence strategies through time at the site, and the fact that five distinct, separate quarries were utilized at different stages through the full temporal span of residential activities at the village. -
Mavae and Tofiga
Mavae and Tofiga Spatial Exposition of the Samoan Cosmogony and Architecture Albert L. Refiti A thesis submitted to� The Auckland University of Technology �In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Art & Design� Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... i Attestation of Authorship ...................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................ viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ix Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Leai ni tusiga ata: There are to be no drawings ............................................................. 1 2. Tautuanaga: Rememberance and service ....................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Spacing .................................................................................................................................. -
Samoan Ghost Stories: John Kneubuhl and Oral History
SAMOAN GHOST STORIES John Kneubuhl and oral history1 [ReceiveD November 11th 2017; accepteD February 26th 2018 – DOI: 10.21463/shima.12.1.06] Otto Heim The University of Hong Kong <[email protected]> ABSTRACT: HaileD as "the spiritual father of Pacific IslanD theatre" (Balme, 2007: 194), John Kneubuhl is best known as a playwright anD a HollywooD scriptwriter. Less well known is that after his return to Samoa in 1968 he also devoteD much of his time to the stuDy anD teaching of Polynesian culture anD history. The sense of personal anD cultural loss, which his plays often dramatise in stories of spirit possession, also guiDeD his investment in oral history, in the form of extenDeD series of radio talks anD public lectures, as well as long life history interviews. BaseD on archival recordings of this oral history, this article consiDers Kneubuhl's sense of history anD how it informs his most autobiographical play, Think of a Garden (1992). KEYWORDS: John Kneubuhl; Samoan history; concept of the va; fale aitu - - - - - - - John Kneubuhl is best remembereD as a playwright, “the spiritual father of Pacific IslanD theatre,” as Christopher Balme has calleD him (2007: 194), a forerunner who calleD for “Pacific plays by Pacific playwrights” as early as 1947 (Kneubuhl, 1947a). Also well known is that he was a successful scriptwriter for famous HollywooD television shows such as Wild Wild West, The Fugitive, anD Hawaii Five-O. Less well-known, however, is that after he left HollywooD in 1968 anD returneD to Samoa, he devoteD much of his time to the stuDy anD teaching of Polynesian anD particularly Samoan history anD culture anD became a highly regardeD authority in this fielD. -
The Complexity of an Archaeological Site in Samoa the Past in the Present
8 The complexity of an archaeological site in Samoa The past in the present Helene Martinsson-Wallin Gotland University, Visby, Sweden Introduction This paper discusses post-colonial perspectives on archaeology and studies of materiality in the Pacific. It uses the Pulemelei investigations at Letolo plantation on Savai’i Island in Samoa as a case study, including events and activities that have taken place after the completion of archaeological research (Martinsson-Wallin 2007). These investigations shed light on the entanglement of values and actions in the performance of past and present power relations. Archaeology is a relatively young science in the Pacific, developed mainly in the 20th century. Extensive archaeological excavations were not initiated until the 1940s–1950s (Gifford 1951; Gifford and Shutler 1956; Emory et al. 1959; Heyerdahl and Ferdon 1961; Emory and Sinoto 1965), but initial ethnological, anthropological and linguistic studies were made in the 18th and 19th centuries. Before these approaches, traditional history and mythology provided the primary explanation for the origin, migration and structure of contemporary societies in Oceania. The traditional history of Pacific Islanders does not separate the past from the present, as does much archaeological research, and the ‘past’ is seen as living within contemporary culture. There is therefore a divide between a classical evolutionary and a contextual way of looking at culture and the ‘past’. The post-processual archaeological perspective of the 1980s opined that the ‘past’ does not exist in its own right, but is excavated, related and interpreted in relation to the present, including to many subjective elements of contemporary culture (Hodder 1986; Shanks and Tilley 1987). -
Geological Subsidence and Sinking Islands: The
1 Symposium for W. Dickinson – SAA 2015 “Geological subsidence and sinking Islands: the case of Manono (Samoa)” Christophe Sand1, Jacques Bolé1, David Baret1, André-John Ouetcho1, Fiona Petchey2, Alan Hogg2 Tautala Asaua3 Abstract W. Dickinson, as part of his wide study of the geological history of the Pacific islands, has proposed in a series of papers to explainlinked the unique case of the deeply submerged Lapita site of Mulifanua in Western Upolu (Samoa), as linked to the slow subsidence of Upolu Island. Recent archaeological research on the neighbouring small island of Manono, has brought new and detailed data on this geological process. A series of new dates has allowed us to define chronologically the speed of the subsidence and demonstrateas well as the massive environmental changes that the local population had to adapt to over the past 2500 years. 1. Institute of Archaeology of New Caledonia and the Pacific (IANCP) 2. Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, University of Waikato 3. Center for Samoan Studies, National University of Samoa 2 Introduction The geological diversity of the Pacific region defies any simple categorization. The region is, divided between different tectonic plates and, cut in two on its western side by the active “belt of fire”, with iIslands ranking being derived from continental fragments to old eroding or still active volcanic summits to simple coral aAtolls, defies any simple categorization. Volcanic activity, earthquakes and possible tsunami-related events, associated to episodes of extreme weather devastation through cyclones/typhoons or prolonged droughts make Oceania a region that often defies the idyllic image built by Western imagination. -
American Samoa
THE LITHICS OF AGANOA VILLAGE (AS-22-43), AMERICAN SAMOA: A TEST OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCING TUTUILAN TOOL-STONE A Thesis by CHRISTOPHER THOMAS CREWS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2008 Anthropology THE LITHICS OF AGANOA VILLAGE (AS-22-43), AMERICAN SAMOA: A TEST OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCING TUTUILAN TOOL-STONE A Thesis by CHRISTOPHER THOMAS CREWS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Suzanne L. Eckert Committee Members, Ted Goebel Frederic Pearl Head of Department, Donny L. Hamilton May 2008 Major Subject: Anthropology iii ABSTRACT The Lithics of Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), American Samoa: A Test of Chemical Characterization and Sourcing Tutuilan Tool-Stone. (May 2008) Christopher Thomas Crews, B.A., Colorado College Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Suzanne L. Eckert The purpose of this thesis is to present the morphological and chemical analyses of the lithic assemblage recovered from Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Implications were found that include the fact that Aganoa Village did not act as a lithic workshop, new types of tools that can be included in the Samoan tool kit, a possible change in subsistence strategies through time at the site, and the fact that five distinct, separate quarries were utilized at different stages through the full temporal span of residential activities at the village. -
The Influence of Religion and Culture on Planning and Decision-Making Processes in Samoa
The Influence of Religion and Culture on Planning and Decision-making Processes in Samoa Ekrina Melenuutausi Iose A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Planning at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand November 2nd 2018 i ABSTRACT Culture and religion form the foundation for all political, economic and social organisations in the Pacific Island nation of Samoa, and are inextricably linked (So’o, 2008). They are two of the most fundamental aspects present in the everyday lives of Samoan people. Both aspects dictate the day to day routines and practices of Samoa’s people whether it is in the home, workplace, or social setting. The importance of religion is reflected in the national emblem which states ‘E faavae I le Atua Samoa’ which translates to ‘Samoa is founded in God’. Culture is also important and this is highlighted in the way Samoan people are determined not to abandon their customs and traditions and so, instead of evolving into a government based completely on western democracy, the two world views were combined. It was a case of western democracy meets Samoan customs and traditions, and this is how Samoa has been governed ever since. The overall aim of this study was to establish the extent to which religion and culture influence planning and decision-making processes in Samoa. To answer this aim, four key questions were established. These questions looked at the significance of religion in Samoa, the nature of the relationship between religion and government, the influence religion has on planning and decision-making processes, and lastly, the hierarchy of importance in government of religion and culture. -
A Prehistoric, Noncultural Vertebrate Assemblage from Tutuila, American Samoa1
A Prehistoric, Noncultural Vertebrate Assemblage from Tutuila, American Samoa1 David W Steadman2,3 and Gregory K. Pregill4 Abstract: Ana Pe'ape'a is a small cave on the southern shore ofTutuila, Amer ican Samoa. Excavations at Ana Pe'ape'a yielded 13,600+ bones of small verte brates, dominated (>95%) by the nonnative Pacific Rat, Rattus exulans. Represented in the owl-derived bone deposit are two species that no longer oc cur on Tutuila, the Pacific Boa (Candoia bibroni) and the Sooty Crake (Porzana tabuensis). Based on bone counts, C. bibroni was the second most common species at the site. The third most common, the Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semi caudata), is extremely rare on Tutuila today. Compared with bone records in nearby Tonga, we believe that the deposit at Ana Pe'ape'a, with a radiocarbon date of A.D. 445 to 640, is at least 1,000 yr too young to be dominated by extinct species. THE WEST POLYNESIAN faunal region com and Turner 1985]). Independent (formerly prises Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, and the outlying Western) Samoa comprises the very large is islands of Rotuma, 'Uvea, Futuna, 'Alofi, and lands of Upolu and Savai'i and their small Niue (Steadman 1993a, Steadman et al. offshore islands. American Samoa comprises 2000). Raised limestone islands in Fiji, Ton Tutuila, its offshore island of Aunu'u, the ga, and Niue have yielded rich deposits of Manu'a group (Ta'u, Ofu, Olosega), and the prehistoric bones in caves and rockshelters outlying atolls of Swains and Rose. that represent many extinct species or pop The wet volcanic soils of Samoa are well ulations of lizards, birds, and bats (Pregill suited for sustaining forests (Whistler 1980, 1993, Koopman and Steadman 1995, Pregill 1992, Elmqvist et al. -
Natural History Guide to American Samoa
NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE TO AMERICAN SAMOA rd 3 Edition NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE This Guide may be available at: www.nps.gov/npsa Support was provided by: National Park of American Samoa Department of Marine & Wildlife Resources American Samoa Community College Sport Fish & Wildlife Restoration Acts American Samoa Department of Commerce Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Natural History is the study of all living things and their environment. Cover: Ofu Island (with Olosega in foreground). NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE TO AMERICAN SAMOA 3rd Edition P. Craig Editor 2009 National Park of American Samoa Department Marine and Wildlife Resources Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Box 3730, Pago Pago, American Samoa American Samoa Community College Community and Natural Resources Division Box 5319, Pago Pago, American Samoa NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE Preface & Acknowledgments This booklet is the collected writings of 30 authors whose first-hand knowledge of American Samoan resources is a distinguishing feature of the articles. Their contributions are greatly appreciated. Tavita Togia deserves special recognition as contributing photographer. He generously provided over 50 exceptional photos. Dick Watling granted permission to reproduce the excellent illustrations from his books “Birds of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa” and “Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia” (Pacificbirds.com). NOAA websites were a source of remarkable imagery. Other individuals, organizations, and publishers kindly allowed their illustrations to be reprinted in this volume; their credits are listed in Appendix 3. Matt Le'i (Program Director, OCIA, DOE), Joshua Seamon (DMWR), Taito Faleselau Tuilagi (NPS), Larry Basch (NPS), Tavita Togia (NPS), Rise Hart (RCUH) and many others provided assistance or suggestions throughout the text. -
The Tu'i Kanokupolu Matai Establishment and Why Would Tu'i
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. The Tu’i Kanokupolu Matai Establishment and Why would Tu’i Tonga Fuanunuiava have vied to become one? (A genealogical analysis of post 1550 AD new political hegemony in Tonga) By Siaosi L. ‘Ilaiu A Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy At Massey University – Albany Campus November 2007 2 i Table of contents Declaration ......................................................... page ii Glossary .................................................................................................. page iii-iv Preface .................................................................................................... page v-vii Map of Western Samoa and Tongatapu ............................................ page vii - viii Abstract ................................................................................................... page 1-4 Chapter 1 Introduction.............................................................................................. page 5-16 Chapter 2 Literature review...................................................................................... page 17–25 Chapter 3 Ama’s Plot ............................................................................................... page 26–32 Chapter 4 Sāmoan Polity at Ama’s time (1550 – 1500 AD)................................... -
Issues in the Management of Archaeological Heritage in Sāmoa
Issues in the Management of Archaeological Heritage in Sāmoa Lorena Sciusco, National University of Sāmoa and Helene Martinsson‐Wallin, Uppsala University Abstract Sāmoa was the first nation in the Pacific to gain independence yet it does not have in place legislation to protect its archaeological and historic heritage. This paper examines issues of custom, history, law and land tenure in Sāmoa that may have impeded the formulation of policies. It reviews the way in which these issues have been accommodated in the policy, legislation and implementation of archaeological heritage protection in several of Sāmoa’s Pacific neighbours. It suggests that there may be some useful lessons in these examples for planning future heritage policy and legislation for Sāmoa. Keywords:Sāmoa, cultural heritage management, Pulemelei, land tenure. Introduction This paper will discuss some of the key issues in the management of archaeological heritage; in particular land tenure in a situation where the state has limited legislative authority (see also Martinsson‐Wallin et al. 2006). Our aim is to explore the current system in place for the protection of Sāmoa’s archaeological heritage and compare it to its Pacific neighbours of Fiji, Vanuatu, and American Sāmoa, where heritage legislation has been in place since the late 1970s and early 1990s, respectively. We will also discuss the relevance of customary law and land tenure in Sāmoa, and how this might shape any future heritage legislation for Sāmoa. The Independent State of Sāmoa, formerly known as Western Sāmoa, but hereafter referred to as Sāmoa, consists of the larger islands Upolu and Savai’i and the smaller islands of Manono and Apolima and a number of islets. -
Indigenous Protest in Colonial Sāmoa: the Mau Movements and the Response of the London Missionary Society, 1900 – 1935
INDIGENOUS PROTEST IN COLONIAL SĀMOA: THE MAU MOVEMENTS AND THE RESPONSE OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 1900 – 1935 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY DECEMBER 2017 By Brian T. Alofaituli Dissertation Committee: David Chappell, Chairperson David Hanlon Matthew Romaniello Jeffrey Kapali Lyon Terence Wesley-Smith Copyright 2017 by Brian T. Alofaituli ii Dedicated to Taito Tusigaigoa Failautusi and Susie O’Brien Alofaituli, fa’afetai tele i lā oulua tatalo ma fa’amanuiaga. iii Acknowledgements Words are not enough to express my fa’afetai (thank you) to so many people that supported and helped me as I worked on this project. First and foremost, I want to thank my parents, Taito Failautusi and Susie O’Brien Alofaituli, my siblings, Kaisalina, Gwen, and Kip for their prayers and encouragement during this very long journey. Your support from day one has given me the strength and confidence to achieve this Ph.D. To my extended family, fa’afetai tele lava mo talosaga (thank you for your endless prayers). Many family members have passed on to heaven. I hope and pray that you are all mimita (proud). To the many clergymen and their wives from the Congregational Christian Church of American Sāmoa, thank you. I would like to thank my dissertation committee members Dr. David A. Chappell, Dr. David Hanlon, Dr. Terence Wesley-Smith, Dr. Matthew P. Romaniello, and Dr. Jeffrey K. Lyon for your feedback and support. In particular, I would like to thank my advisor Dr.