Elaeagnus Umbellata
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An Assessment of Autumn Olive in Northern U.S. Forests Research Note NRS-204
United States Department of Agriculture An Assessment of Autumn Olive in Northern U.S. Forests Research Note NRS-204 This publication is part of a series of research notes that provide an overview of the invasive plant species monitored on an extensive systematic network of plots measured by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station (NRS). Each research note features one of the invasive plants monitored on forested plots by NRS FIA in the 24 states of the midwestern and northeastern United States. Background and Characteristics Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), a shrub of the Oleaster family (Elaeagnaceae), is native to eastern Asia and arrived in the United States in the 1830s. This vigorous invader was promoted for wildlife, landscaping, and erosion control. Tolerant of poor quality sites and full sun, it was often used for mine reclamation. Autumn olive disrupts native plant communities that require infertile soil by changing soil fertility through fixing nitrogen. Where it establishes, it can form dense thickets that shade out native plants (Czarapata 2005, Kaufman and Kaufman 2007, Kurtz 2013). Aside from the negative impact, autumn olive has important culinary and medicinal properties (Fordham et al. 2001, Guo et al. 2009). Figure 1.—Autumn olive flowers. Photo by Chris Evans, Description University of Illinois, from Bugwood.org, 1380001. Growth: woody, perennial shrub to 20 feet, often multi- stemmed; simple, alternate leaves with slightly wavy margins, green upper leaf surfaces, and silvery bottoms; shrubs leaf out early in the spring and retain leaves late in the fall. -
Elaeagnus Umbellata) on Reclaimed Surface Mineland at the Iw Lds Conservation Center in Southeastern Ohio Shana M
Western Washington University Masthead Logo Western CEDAR Huxley College on the Peninsulas Publications Huxley College on the Peninsulas 2012 Sustainable Landscapes: Evaluating Strategies for Controlling Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) on Reclaimed Surface Mineland at The iW lds Conservation Center in Southeastern Ohio Shana M. Byrd Conservation Science Training Center at the Wilds Nicole D. Cavender Morton Arboretum Corine M. Peugh Conservation Science Training Center at the Wilds Jenise Bauman Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/hcop_facpubs Part of the Botany Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Byrd, Shana M.; Cavender, Nicole D.; Peugh, Corine M.; and Bauman, Jenise, "Sustainable Landscapes: Evaluating Strategies for Controlling Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) on Reclaimed Surface Mineland at The iW lds Conservation Center in Southeastern Ohio" (2012). Huxley College on the Peninsulas Publications. 12. https://cedar.wwu.edu/hcop_facpubs/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Huxley College on the Peninsulas at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Huxley College on the Peninsulas Publications by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation, 2012 Volume 1, Issue 1 SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES: EVALUATING STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING AUTUMN OLIVE (ELAEAGNUS UMBELLATA) ON RECLAIMED SURFACE MINELAND AT THE WILDS CONSERVATION CENTER IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO1 Shana M. Byrd2, Nicole D. Cavender, Corine M. Peugh and Jenise M. Bauman Abstract: Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) was planted during the reclamation process to reduce erosion and improve nitrogen content of the soil. -
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhamnaceae Using Rbcl and Trnl-F Plastid DNA Sequences James E. Richardson
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhamnaceae using rbcL and trnL-F Plastid DNA Sequences James E. Richardson; Michael F. Fay; Quentin C. B. Cronk; Diane Bowman; Mark W. Chase American Journal of Botany, Vol. 87, No. 9. (Sep., 2000), pp. 1309-1324. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28200009%2987%3A9%3C1309%3AAPAORU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 American Journal of Botany is currently published by Botanical Society of America. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/botsam.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. -
Distribution and Growth of Autumn Olive in a Managed Landscape
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2013 Distribution and growth of autumn olive in a managed landscape Matthew Ruddick Moore [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Forest Biology Commons, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Moore, Matthew Ruddick, "Distribution and growth of autumn olive in a managed landscape. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1650 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Matthew Ruddick Moore entitled "Distribution and growth of autumn olive in a managed landscape." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Forestry. David S. Buckley, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Arnold M. Saxton, William E. Klingeman III Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Distribution and growth of autumn olive in a managed landscape A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Matthew Ruddick Moore May 2013 ii Copyright © Matthew R. -
Autumn Olive Elaeagnus Umbellata Thunberg and Russian Olive Elaeagnus Angustifolia L
Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata Thunberg and Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Oleaster Family (Elaeagnaceae) DESCRIPTION Autumn olive and Russian olive are deciduous, somewhat thorny shrubs or small trees, with smooth gray bark. Their most distinctive characteristic is the silvery scales that cover the young stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The two species are very similar in appearance; both are invasive, however autumn olive is more common in Pennsylvania. Height - These plants are large, twiggy, multi-stemmed shrubs that may grow to a height of 20 feet. They occasionally occur in a single-stemmed, more tree-like form. Russian olive in flower Leaves - Leaves are alternate, oval to lanceolate, with a smooth margin; they are 2–4 inches long and ¾–1½ inches wide. The leaves of autumn olive are dull green above and covered with silvery-white scales beneath. Russian olive leaves are grayish-green above and silvery-scaly beneath. Like many other non-native, invasive plants, these shrubs leaf out very early in the spring, before most native species. Flowers - The small, fragrant, light-yellow flowers are borne along the twigs after the leaves have appeared in May. autumn olive in fruit Fruit - The juicy, round, edible fruits are about ⅓–½ inch in diameter; those of Autumn olive are deep red to pink. Russian olive fruits are yellow or orange. Both are dotted with silvery scales and produced in great quantity August–October. The fruits are a rich source of lycopene. Birds and other wildlife eat them and distribute the seeds widely. autumn olive and Russian olive - page 1 of 3 Roots - The roots of Russian olive and autumn olive contain nitrogen-fixing symbionts, which enhance their ability to colonize dry, infertile soils. -
Wide Spectrum of Active Compounds in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides) for Disease Prevention and Food Production
antioxidants Review Wide Spectrum of Active Compounds in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) for Disease Prevention and Food Production Agnieszka Ja´sniewska* and Anna Diowksz Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology (TUL), 171/173 Wólcza´nskaStreet, 90-924 Łód´z,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Growing demand for value-added products and functional foods is encouraging manufac- turers to consider new additives that can enrich their products and help combat lifestyle diseases. The healthy properties of sea buckthorn have been recognized for centuries. This plant has a high content of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants, phytosterols, essential fatty acids, and amino acids, as well as vitamins C, K, and E. It also has a low content of sugar and a wide spectrum of volatiles, which contribute to its unique aroma. Sea buckthorn shows antimicrobial and antiviral properties, and is a potential nutraceutical or cosmeceutical. It was proven to help treat cardiovascular disease, tumors, and diabetes, as well as gastrointestinal and skin problems. The numerous health benefits of sea buckthorn make it a good candidate for incorporation into novel food products. Keywords: sea buckthorn; natural antioxidants; bioactive compounds; functional food; nutraceuticals Citation: Ja´sniewska,A.; Diowksz, A. Wide Spectrum of Active Compounds in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae 1. Introduction rhamnoides) for Disease Prevention and Food Production. Antioxidants Sea buckthorn is a plant native to China and is found throughout the major temperate 2021, 10, 1279. https://doi.org/ zones of the world, including France, Russia, Mongolia, India, Great Britain, Denmark, 10.3390/antiox10081279 the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Finland, and Norway [1]. -
Characterization of the Photosynthetic Competitiveness of Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus Umbellata) Michele R
Characterization of the Photosynthetic Competitiveness of Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) Michele R. Ritsema and Dr. David L. Dornbos II Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, USA Abstract: Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), a non-native invasive shrub in the United States, threatens to decrease biodiversity in natural areas throughout Southwestern Michigan. This study conducted at the ecological preserve at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute in Barry County, Michigan, sought to characterize the photosynthetic competitiveness of E. umbellata in comparison with several established native species. Photosynthesis rates of E. umbellata and native species were measured in both open meadow and forest under-story environments. In the meadow site, E. umbellata was found to fix carbon faster than any of the native species tested. In the forest site, the climax community species (Quercus velutina and Acer saccharum) accumulated carbon dioxide faster than E. umbellata at lower photosyntheticly active radiation (PAR) intensities (0- 400 umol/m2/sec), but E. umbellata’s photosynthesis rate surpassed all the native species evaluated at PAR intensities greater than 600 umol/m2/sec. Black Cherry (Prunus Serotina) was the only native species in the under-story community found to have photosynthesis rates similar to those of E. umbellata at the higher radiation intensities. Finally, given that many areas exist that contain heavy infestations of mature E. umbellata, we evaluated the efficacy of glyphosate herbicide as a function of concentration on freshly cut stumps. While a low rate of re-growth occurred even at the highest glyphosate concentrations, a 20.5% solution was the optimum in this study. By knowing more about the physiological advantages of E. -
Threats to Australia's Grazing Industries by Garden
final report Project Code: NBP.357 Prepared by: Jenny Barker, Rod Randall,Tony Grice Co-operative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management Date published: May 2006 ISBN: 1 74036 781 2 PUBLISHED BY Meat and Livestock Australia Limited Locked Bag 991 NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2059 Weeds of the future? Threats to Australia’s grazing industries by garden plants Meat & Livestock Australia acknowledges the matching funds provided by the Australian Government to support the research and development detailed in this publication. This publication is published by Meat & Livestock Australia Limited ABN 39 081 678 364 (MLA). Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However MLA cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. Reproduction in whole or in part of this publication is prohibited without prior written consent of MLA. Weeds of the future? Threats to Australia’s grazing industries by garden plants Abstract This report identifies 281 introduced garden plants and 800 lower priority species that present a significant risk to Australia’s grazing industries should they naturalise. Of the 281 species: • Nearly all have been recorded overseas as agricultural or environmental weeds (or both); • More than one tenth (11%) have been recorded as noxious weeds overseas; • At least one third (33%) are toxic and may harm or even kill livestock; • Almost all have been commercially available in Australia in the last 20 years; • Over two thirds (70%) were still available from Australian nurseries in 2004; • Over two thirds (72%) are not currently recognised as weeds under either State or Commonwealth legislation. -
NAME of SPECIES: Elaeagnus Umbellata Thunb
NAME OF SPECIES: Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. Synonyms: Elaeagnus argyi H.Lev., Elaeagnus crispa Thunb. var. coreana (H.Lev.) Nakai, Elaeagnus crispa Thunb. var. typica Nakai, Elaeagnus parvifolia Royle, Elaeagnus salicifolia D. Don ex Loudon, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. subsp. euumbellata Servettaz, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. subsp. parvifolia (Royle )Servett., Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. coreana (H.Lev.) H.Lev., Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Royle) C.K.Schneid., Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. typica C.K. Schneid (5). Common Name: Autumn olive, Oleaster, Japanese silverberry A. CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION I. In Wisconsin? 1. YES NO 2. Abundance: 24 documented vouchers in Wisconsin, mostly one or a few individuals. One planting of a dozen plants began to reproduce after 6-8 years with dozens of seedlings. (1) This is a vast under-reporting of the occurrence of autumn olive is WI. 3. Geographic Range: Southern Wisconsin and Bayfield, Oconto, and Door counties (1). Especially problematic in SW counties. 4. Habitat Invaded: Mostly old fields, prairies, tree plantations, and forest edges (1). Can spread in savannas, barrens and woodlands. While preferring disturbed habitat, an Illinois study suggested that the species has at least some ability to establish under a forest canopy (3). Disturbed Areas Undisturbed Areas 5. Historical Status and Rate of Spread in Wisconsin: Planted for wildlife cover up until 1980's. Naturalization first documented by herbarium vouchers in 1978. As of Feb 20, 2007 there were vouchered sightings in 13 counties (1). 6. Proportion of potential range occupied: 1/3 of state. II. Invasive in Similar Climate 1. YES NO Zones Where (include trends): New England and Ontario (2) (3). -
Elaeagnus Umbellata (Autumn Olive, Silverberry) Answer Score
Elaeagnus umbellata (Autumn olive, Silverberry) Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to FL climates (USDA hardiness zones; 0-low, 1-intermediate, 2- 2 high). 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high). 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility). y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized with mean annual precipitation of 40-70 inches. ? 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range. y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture y 4 3.04 Environmental weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 1 4.02 Allelopathic n 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals ? 4.05 Toxic to animals n 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens ? 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans. n 0 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems ? 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle ? 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). y 1 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit n 0 4.12 Forms dense thickets y 1 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y 1 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n 0 6.02 Produces viable seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes naturally 6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic 6.05 Requires specialist -
Hippophae Rhamnoides L. Common Seabuckthorn
H Elaeagnaceae—Oleaster family Hippophae rhamnoides L. common seabuckthorn Richard T. Busing and Paul E. Slabaugh Dr. Busing is an ecologist at the USDI Geographical Survey, Corvallis, Oregon; Dr. Slabaugh (deceased) retired from the USDA Forest Service’s Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Other common names. Sandthorn, swallow-thorn. Figure 1—Hippophae rhamnoides, common seabuckthorn: Growth habit, occurrence, and use. Common fruit and seed. seabuckthorn—Hippophae rhamnoides L.—is native to northwestern Europe through central Asia to the Altai Mountains, western and northern China, and the northern Himalayas. Of the 2 species in the genus, only common seabuckthorn is widely cultivated (Rehder 1940). A very hardy deciduous shrub or a small tree, common seabuck- thorn is used primarily for ornamental purposes. In Europe and Asia, it is used to form hedges and, because of its nitro- gen-fixing symbionts, serves to enrich and protect soils (Bogdon and Untaru 1967; Kao 1964; Stewart and Pearson 1967). A tendency to form thickets by root suckering limits its use in shelterbelts. In Asia, the plant has a variety of medicinal uses (Ma 1989). The berries, which are a rich wet fruits through a macerator and floating off the pulp. source of vitamins (Stocker 1948; Valicek 1978; Zhmyrko Prompt cleaning and drying is advantageous because germi- and others 1978), have been used in making a cordial and nation rate is very low for seeds left too long in the fruits jam in Siberia (Hansen 1931). The plant stems bear many (Eliseev and Mishulina 1977; Rohmeder 1942). From 45 kg sharp, stout thorns and provide protection, cover, and food (100 lb) of fruits, 4.5 to 14 kg (10 to 30 lb) of cleaned seeds for various birds and small rodents (Hansen 1931; Pearson may be extracted. -
Field Guide for Managing Russian Olive in the Southwest
United States Department of Agriculture Field Guide for Managing Russian Olive in the Southwest Forest Southwestern Service Region TP-R3-16-24 September 2014 Cover Photos Top left: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org Top right: J. S. Peterson, USDA-NRCS Plants Database Bottom: USDA-NRCS Plants Database The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TTY). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Printed on recycled paper Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Oleaster family (Elaeagnaceae) Russian olive is widespread throughout the United States • Clusters of small, hard, olive-like, yellowish to red- as a tree and is listed as a noxious weed in New Mexico. brown fruits (drupes, 0.5 inch long) with a dusting of This field guide serves as the U.S. Forest Service’s silver scales; fruit matures August to October. recommendations for management of Russian olive in • Reproduces primarily by seed, although sprouting forests, woodlands, and rangelands associated with its from buds at the root crown and suckers from lateral Southwestern Region.