A study on the Hungarian freshwater osmylid and sponge-flies fauna (Neuroptera: Osmylidae, Sisyridae)

ABRAHAM LEVENTE

ABRAHAM, L.: A study on the Hungarian freshwater osmylid Hungarian freshwater Neuroptera fauna based on the 'and sponge-flies fauna (Neuroptera: Osmyfidae, Sisyridae). collection of their data from the literature and different Abstract: There are four species in the Hungarian freshwater collections of Hungarian museums. Neuroptera fauna according to the redeterminated collections Besides, the seasonal activity of freshwater neu­ found in six Hungarian museums: Osmylus fulvicephalus, Sisyra fuscata, Sisyra terminalis, Sisyra jutlandica. The author ropteroids species in , the flight activity pat­ gives the collecting data, the distribution maps and both the terns of these species were studied. It gives an impor­ seasonal activity graphs and flight activity patterns of these tant information on their collection possibilities. species. Short evaluations on these species from faunistical, and chorological points of view are also given. Materials and methods Key words: Neuroptera, Osmylidae, Sisyridae, distribution, seasonal activity, day and night activity. The determined collections found in Natural History Museum (), Janus Pannonius Museum Introduction Natural History Department (Pecs), Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM Budapest), Matra Natural Neuroptera species living presently in. the world are History Museum (Gyongyos), Museum known to belong to 17 families (NEW 1989). Most of Natural History Department (Kaposvar) and the Ujhe­ them are considered to be found in terrestrial habitat, Iyi's collection (Budapest) later deposited in HNHM, only five of Neuroptera families (Rapismatidae, were revised. All the other available data from the data­ Osmylidae, Neurothidae, Sisyridae, Polystoechotidae) bases cited in the Hungarian literature were made use .have aquatic larvae or larvae living only near water. of. Besides, several data come from the author's col­ Larvae in family Rapismatidae, Osmylidae and lecting trips. Polystoechotidae are considered to be semiaquatic but Freshwater osmylid and sisyrids were collected by nett­ Neurothidae and Sisyridae species are truly aquatic. ing and beating techniques along the vegetation of Now only Osmylidae, Neurothidae and Sisyridae speci­ watersides and verges. Several specimens were es live in Europe. caught during periods of rest on under bridges, or build­ Osmylidae have about 160 described species distrib­ ings lying close to the water. Light trapping is a very. uted all over the world, expect for North America. Both useful collecting method and, so is collecting them by species occur in Europe, Osmylus fulvicephalus light personally. (Scopoli, 1763) in Hungary, as well, and Osmylus ele­ Summarising the collection data can give a possibility gantissimus Kazanchikov, 1951 in the Crimean penin­ for studying the seasonal activity of imagines. sula and the Caucasian region. Although species Adults are mainly considered to be flying at night, belonging to this genus live near water in damp moss because Malaise traps and suction traps operating by and debris, other species' larvae, being carnivores, are day can catch only few specimens. Adults in the above definitely terrestrial. mentioned collections, collected personally, were pre­ Neurothidae species (10 sp) are mentioned in sumably caught by sweeping. Palaeartic region and in Australia (NEW 1989). The A very simple experiment was carried out to determine only three species, which have not occurred in Hunga­ the activity patterns of these species. ry yet, live in the Mediterranean region in Europe. Its Living specimens were netted and transported into a .larvae are truly aquatic spreading in running streams lab, then they were placed individually in 300-ml glass and rivers. containers covered with paper wadding. Experiments Sisyridae, a small family, is represented by about 50 started in two hours after keeping these insects in glass species all over the world (MONSERRAT 1977), but containers. At least 10 specimens were used in each only five species can be found in Europe (AS POCK­ experiment. Paper wadding were watered moderately HOLZEL 1994). Their larvae are found to be preying on every three hours and temperature was 25 Co ± 1 Co, sponges and bryozoans in deep water lakes and slow­ as DUELLI (1986) pointed out that 100 % of these ly-moving streams and rivers, but in the prepupal and specimens are active above 20 Co. Natural daylight pupal stage within their cocoon, they lie in terrestrial was used in long-day condition but direct sunshine was habitats. avoided. All experiment conditions were kept standard This study summarises the knowledge on the except natural light changes. Activity of these speci- 264 ABRAHAM LEVENTE

mens was checked visually, every quarter of an hour 1968 20" RL, July 1, 1973 10" RL, Bakonynana July during a 24-hour-period. At night activity of specimens 19, 1985 10" It, Aug. 10, 1985 19 AL, were observed by the reflected light of a torch, which Bakonyszentkiraly Hajmaspuszta June 5, 1973 19 US, was operated for 5 seconds for each sample to be checked. BalatonfLired Koloska valley May 27, 1972 30" 19 TS, May 29, 1974 10" 39 TS, Bozsok July 28, 1991 10" 19 The following abbreviations are used: NL, B6dvaszilas Vecsem spring May 22, 1990 10" 49 AP. Ag6csy P. RL. Rezbtmyai L. PA, BLikkzserc Oldal valley June 27, 196510" JJ, Cse­ AL. Abraham L. SH. Steinmann H. GyP. Gyulai P. SzCs. Szinetar Cs. repfalu H6r valley June 3, 1981 10" ?, Cserepfalu HA. Haris A. SzGy. Sziraki Gy. Szarka valley July 3, 1981 10" ?, Csorotnek July 14, JJ. Jablonkay J. TP. Tall6s P. 199319 NS, Di6sjen6 Kiralyhaza Aug. 20, 1954 ? US, KGy. Kovacs Gy. TS. T6th S. Domos May 26, 1957 19 US, Forestsmecske June 1, KL. Kovacs L. uA. Uherkovich A. 1989 19 It, June 15, 1989 1? It, July 16, 1990 19 It, LB. Liptay B. US. Ujhelyi S. Karasica stream June 8 , 1987 10" uA. - NS, MF. Mihalyi F. VA. Varga A. June 8, 1989 10" uA, Fels6szolnok Torok stream June ML. M6czar L. WT. With T. 7, 1994 19 uA, Felsotarkany Fekete len June 12, 1984 NS. N6gnidi S. Mt. Malaise trap 10" uA, Galosfa Sarkozi forest July 30, 1989 20" KL, PA. Podlusany A. It. light trap PS. Pazsiczky S. Gorica Gorica stream May 12, 1988 10" uA, Gyal6ka July 15, 1979 10" TS, Gyongyoshalasz July 11, 1979 19 It, Aug. 11, 1979 19 It, Gyongyossolymos Cs6r meadow June 14, 197720" 29 US, June 15, 1977 10" Osmy/us fu/vicepha/us (Scopoli, 1763) US, Gyongyossolymos Nyfrjespuszta June 10, 1971 Nyaras valley May 15, 1983 19 uA, 10" Varga Andras, Aug. 14, 1974 10" It, Hajmas stream Bab6tkut June 23, 1993 10" Mt, June 24, 1993 10" Mt, June 5, 1973 10" US, June 20, 1985 29 uA, Hi­ July 6, 1993 10" Mt, Aggtelek Menes valley May 21, das Mecsekn<3dasdi stream June 2,199410" NS, Hont 1990 10" SzGy, Asz6fo Aug. 10, 1958 10" US, June July 2, 1960 19 LB, Hosszuheteny Hidasi valley July 6, 17, 1965 19 US, Bakonybel Szomorke valley July 5, 1951 10" 19 US, May 16, 1994 20" NS. - uA. J6svafo

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Fig. 1.: Distribution map of Osmylus fulvicephalus in Hungary 1. abra: Az Osmylus fulvicephalus elterjedese Magyarorszagon HUNGARIAN FRESHWATER OSMILYD AND SPONGE-FLIES FAUNA 265

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• , Zselic • • Bakony X Borzsony )I( Matra • Biikk + Aggtelek - Zempleni-hegyseg 0 Zalai-dombsag

Fig. 2.: Seasonal activity graph of Osmylus fulvicephalus 2. abra: Az Osmylus fulvicephalus szezonalis aktivitasi diagramja

July 9, 1970 10" uA, July 1, 1980 ? OS, J6svaf6 J6sva lafOred valley May 24-28, 1954 19 Os, May spring May 26,198910" 29 uA, May 26,198919 Mt, 24, 1954 10", April 30, 1957 19 WT, April 30, 195920" July 24, 1990 10" uA, J6svaf6 Kees6 May 27, 1989 ?, June 30, 1959 10" ?, Nagyborzsony Kiraly meadow 40" 99 uA, J6svaf6 L6fej spring May 28, 1989 10" 19 June 13, 1957 10" 4 9 MF, June 5, 1966 10" OS, uA, June 19, 199010" 191t, J6svaf6 Tengerszem lake Nagyvisny6 Leany valley June 3, 1957 10" ?, Noszvaj May 29, 1992 19 SzGy, Kaposmer6 June 16, 1991 10" SikfOkOt Aug. 5, 1956 10" ?, Pale July 9, 1979 10" It, HA, Kemenee Kemenee stream June 25, 1950 ?, Parad July ? 1930 10" 29, ? PS, Paszt6 Olomberc KekestetO Pisztrangos lake July 29, 1958 10" OS, Kis­ June 10, 1975 19 VA, Pees SzentkOt June 9, 1992 39 huta K6kapu June 10, 1958 19 Os, May 19, 196630" AL, Porrogszentpal June 27, 1991 10" 39 uA, SH, Kismaros June 1, 1952 ?, KisOjbanya Pasztor Puspokszentlaszl6 June 20, 1989 10" It, Aug. 8, 1989 spring July 1, 1983 10" uA, Koml6 Manfa June 14, 10" It, Aug. 13, 198929 It, Sop ron Tolvaj valley July 15, 1957 10" ML, Koml6 Manfa K61yuk May 26, 1981 10" 1996 19 AL, Szakonyfalu June 23-25, 1957 19 TP, 19 uA, June 11, 1981 19 uA, June 15, 1981 10" 19 July 16,1957 10" OS, Aug. 18, 1957 19 Os, July 12, uA, June 21, 1981 19 uA, July 1, 1981 20" 19 uA, 1959 ? AP, Szarvask6 Margit spring July 17, 197630" Aug. 9, 1981 10" uA, May 1, 1982 19 uA, June 1, ?, July 17, 1976 10" 29 Zald L, Szarvask6 Margit val­ 1982 20" uA, June 3, 1982 30" 19 uA, July 5, 1982 ley June 2, 1961 10", June 2, 1961 10" JJ, Szigliget Hi­ 10" 19 uA, Koml6 Manfa Melegmanyi valley May 24, deg kut July 25, 1990 19 uA. - NS, Menes valley 1989 10" SzCs, Koml6 Manfa Nagymely valley Aug. 1, 1996 20" NS. - uA, Korpad Sormas valley June 17, Osmylus fulvicephalus 90 1980 10" uA, July 1, 1980 39 uA, Aug. 1, 1980 10" 80 uA, K6szeg Harmas stream May 29, 1986 29 NS. - 70 uA, July 3, 1986 10" NS, June 23, 1987 19 uA, June ~ "">. 60 23, 1988 19 uA, July 3, 1988 20" 19 uA, K6szeg Sta­ <.> c jer houses June 3, 1988 10" uA, June 4, 198830" It, 50 "cr £ June 11, 1988 10" uA, Leanyfalu June 3, 1971 19 Sin 40 K, MagyarkOt July 10-13, 1958 29 1? Szekessy v, 30 Magyarszombatfa Aug. 15, 1985 10" It, Matra ? June 8, 20 1968 19 Os, MatrafUred June 26, 1955 19 OS, July 1, 196910" JJ, July 4,196910" JJ, Aug. 1, 196910" JJ, lO Aug. 4, 1969 1cJ JJ, Matrahaza July 11,1979 19 It, O. Aug. 11, 1979 19 It, Matraszentimre Csorg6 stream 12 17 22 8 June 17, 1977 19 Os, Mecsekrakos June 13,196319 time (b) Kovacs Gy, Mez66rs May 28, 199529 uA, Lil- Fig. 3.: Day and night activity graph of Osmylus fulvicephalus 3. abra: Az Osmylus fulvicephalus napi aktivftasi diagramja 266 ABRAHAM LEVENTE

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Fig. 4.: Distribution map of Sisyra fuscata in Hungary 4. abra: A Sisyra fuscata elterjedese Magyarorszagon June 15, 1987 1917 Bartos - Merkl 0, May 26,19892Cf' 19 uA, May 27, 1989 2Cf' 19 uA, Sz6g­ Palinai forest June 20, 1995 1Cf' AL, July 2, 1995 1Cf' Medvegardeni spring July 25, 1990 1 Cf' uA. - NS, 19 AL, Aug. 1, 1993 19 It, June 22, Szogliget MEmes valley July 15, 1990 39 uA _ NS, 1994 2Q It, Aug. 9, 1994 19 7, Bodrogszegi July 1, Szoee May 31,197819 US, Velem June 4,1981 7 US, 1993 1 Cf' 39 It, B6honye July 25, 1988 29 AL, Csakvar Velem Hosszu valley May 27, 1986 1Cf' uA, Veszprem Hajduvagas Okt. 11, 1961 1 Cf' MF, Csepreg Ablane Sed stream June 4, 1957 19 Papp J, Visegrad July 4, stream May 28, 1986 1Cf' uA, May 28, 1989 19 uA, 195419 US, Zebegeny June 7, 1944 1Cf' 7, Zirc Cuha Darany juniper woodland Aug. 7, 199519 AL, June 18, valley July 30, 1974 1 Cf' RL, Zirc Szarvaskut June 6, 1996 2Cf' 2Q uA, June 29,1996 1Cf' uA, Darany Nagy­ 19741Cf' 29TS, berek May 7, 1990 1 Cf' uA, Dobsza Aug. 14,1984 1Cf' uA, Aug. 25, 1985 1Cf' 39 uA, May 14, Sisyra fuscata (Fabricius, 1799) 1986 1Q uA, May 16, 1986 1Q AL, July 8, 1986 1Cf' Bab6esa Rinya stream July 28, 1995 29 uA, uA, July 23, 1986 1 Cf' uA, July 25, 1986 1 Cf' uA, Dom­ Balatonkeresztur Aug. 26, 1987 19 NS. Banreve Aug. b6var Maszlony Aug. 1, 1986 1Cf' uA, Dravapalkonya 5,198519 It, Aug. 19, 198519 It, Bares Sept. 12,1984 Drava river May 4, 1993 29 uA, Fehergyarmat Birh6 1Cf' NS, Nov. 12, 1984 1Cf' NS, April 24, 1986 1Q AL, Tar stream Aug. 24, 1993 29 Somlai T, July 9, 1994 Bares fish ponds May 4, 1983 1Cf' uA, Aug. 28, 1983 1Cf' NS. - uA, Fehergyarmat Oreg-Tur June 22, 1993 19 uA, Aug. 29,19837 uA, May 27,1984 3Q uA, Aug. 2Cf' 1 Q uA, Fony6d Berek canal July 6, 1985 1 Cf' uA, 6, 1984 7 uA, Aug. 26, 1984 7 uA, Sept. 1, 1984 19 Fony6d Boz6t eanal Aug. 7, 1986 19 It, April 30, 1987 uA, Bares Kisb6k June 8, 1995 19 uA, July 18, 1995 1Q It, Aug. 24, 1989 1Cf' It, Mezocsat Aug. 22, 4Cf' 19 AL, April 22, 1996 1 Cf' 1 Q NS. - uA, June 26, 1995 19 Gyulai P, Gerla Aug. 27, 1962 1 Q It, Sept. 4, 1996 4Cf' 19 AL, Bares Kozeprig6cAug. 29,1984 1Cf' 1962 19 It, June 8, 1963 1Cf' It, July 27, 1963 19 It, uA, June 24, 1986 19 AL, Bares Rinya 6-Drava May July 30, 1963 17 It, Hereegszant6 Budzsak June 5, 18, 1996 5Cf' 209 uA, Bejegyertyanos Aug. 15, 1990 19891 Cf' It, June 6, 1991 1 Cf' SzGy, June 17, 1991 3Cf' 19 It, Belavar Drava river July 7,1995 1Cf' AL, Belavar uA, Hercegszant6 Karapancsa July 3, 1989 1Cf' 19 It, Dzsala May 6, 199629 NS. - uA, July 14, 1996 1Cf' It, July 4, 19891Cf' It, July 5,1989 1Q It, July 7, 19891Cf' Belavar Kerek hill July 18, 1995 1 Cf' AL, Belavar It, July 24, 1989 4Cf' It, Aug. 26, 1989 1Cf' It, Aug. 28, HUNGARIAN FRESHWATER OSMILYD AND SPONGE-FLIES FAUNA 267

• • • • o 0 000- ...... -...... -...... •.. ••...... • _...... • \"".,,' '"''''''!''''''''''' ''''''!'''''''''''''''I' "n'·,,··· 1"""""'"''''''1''''''' "''''''1'''''''''''''''1 ''',,' ""'1'''''' """,,,,.,, "". "" 3.31 4.20 5.10 5.30 6.19 7.9 7.29 8.18 9.7 9.27 10.17 11.6 11.26 time (dd)

• Alf61d .Dunantuli-k6zephegyseg ... Dunantuli-dombsag X Kisalf61d 0 Eszaki-kozephegyseg • Alpokalja

Fig. 5.: Seasonal activity graph of Sisyra fuscata 5. libra: A Sisyra fuscata szezonalis aktivftasi diagramja

1991 19 uA, Hercegszant6 O-Duna May 1, 1990 40" July 3, 1989 10" It, July 5, 1991 19 It, July 13, 1991 uA, Hosszuviz Boronka stream April 16, 1989 20" 29 10' It, Aug. 4, 1991 20" 19 It, June 21, 1992 30' 49 It, It, June 16, 198920" 29 It, June 29,198910" It, July July 22, 1992 10" It, Aug. 22, 1992 10' It, Sept. 20, 11, 1989 20" 19 It, July is, 1989 10" It, July 26, 1989 1992 30' It, Aug. 30, 1994 40' It, 191t, Aug. 10, 1989 191t, Aug. 21,198910" It, July 17, Kanizsaberek July 5. 1988 10' It, 199010" It. Jaszv61gyszallas June 30, 198810" 19 It, gravel pits June 3, 1996 19 NS. - uA, July 23, 1996 July 13, 1988 10" It, July 26, 1988 10" It, Kaposf6 May 10' 19 AL, June 1, 1990 10" It, Suk6sd 3, 1987 10' It, Kaposvar June 30, 1952 19 Pazsiczky Dunav61gyi canal June 22, 1995 10' 19 NS. uA, S, KaIJ6semjen July 19, 1960 10' It, Kemecse Sept. 9, O-Drava Kisinci July 21,199510' NS. - uA, 193710' Satori J, Kocsola July 16,198610' It, Aug. 6, Balata lake Aug. 9, 1988 19 AL. Szentlorinc 198619 It, K61ked Boki gatorhaz July 31,198910" It, 100 K61ked Boki forest June 5, 1989 10' It, July 30, 1989 Sisyra fuscata 90 10' It, K6r6sladany Aug. 24, 1989 10' 19 It, Aug. 25, 1989 10' It, Koszeg Chernel garden May 15, 1985 19 80 It, Koszeg Malom valley July 13, 1988 10' It, Aug. 3, 70 1988 19 uA, Magyarszombatfa July 30, 1985 10' It, ~ 60 >. <.) Aug. 25, 1985 10' It, Mecser Aug. 22, 1992 10' 49 c 50 "=> SzCs, Megyer Marcal river Aug. 20, 1988 10" 19 uA, 0' 40 Mezotur Peresi ox-bow lake May 14, 198820" It, May ..;:;" 30 18, 1988 10' 39 It, June 18, 1988 10' 39 It, July 10, 20 198820" 49 It, July 12,198840' 79 It, July 13, 1988 490' 649 It, July 15, 198820' 169 It, July 17, 1988 10 20' 29 It, July 19,1988530' 549 It, Aug. 10, 198880" 0 99 It, Aug. 12, 1988 170" 219 It, Aug. 14, 1988360" 12 17 22 359 It, Aug. 16, 1988180" 159 It, Aug. 18, 1988 191t, time (h) Sept. 15, 1988 70" 49 It, July 25, 1990 10' It, Miskolc Fig. 6.: Day and night activity graph of Sisyra fuscata LillafUred Hamori lake July 29, 1937 10'19 ?, Nagya­ 6. abra: A Sisyra fuscata napi aktivitasi diagramja tad Rinya stream July 5, 1995 10" uA, Aranyos stream Aug. 8, 198829 AL, Nagyteteny July 31, 1961 10" It, Aug. 2, 1961 10' !t, Nemetker Sept. 3, July 31. 1986 19 uA, Szentl6rinc Okor viz July 8, 1987 1987 10' AL, Olcsvaapati breg-Tur, zsilip July 9, 1994 10" uA, Szentpeterf61de Aug. 1. 1986 19 It, Aug. 15, 19 NS. - uA, Ortilos Drava river April 27, 1992 10' AL, 1986 19 It, June 15, 1990 19 It, Aug. 15, 1990 19 It, 6rtilos railway station May 23, 1992 10' It, June 22, Tard May 23. 196010' T6th S, Tihany Sajkod June 1. 199219 It, July 22, 1992 10' 19 It, July 31,199250' 199020" It, June 15,199010" 29 It, June 19.199019 69 It, Aug. 22, 1992 20' It, Aug. 26, 199240" 29 It, It, Turistvandi Aug. 4, 1994 10" It, Aug. 5, 1994 10' It, Aug. 27, 199249 It, Aug. 28, 199230" 49 It, June 16, Aug. 6, 1994 20' It, Aug. 7, 1994 30' 19 It, Aug. 9, 1993 19 It, Penyige Gogo Szenke June 20, 1995 10" 199410" 19 It. Aug. 10, 199410' It, Aug. 11, 199420' NS. - uA, Sarkad Malom valley June 1, 198920' 29 It, 19, Aug. 12, 1994 10' It, Sept. 1, 1994 20' 19 It. Sept. 268 ABRAHAM LEVENTE

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Fig. 7.: Distribution map of Sisyra terminalis in Hungary 7. abra: A Sisyra terminalis elterjedese Magyarorszagon 2, 1994 50' 39 It, Sept. 3, 1994 20' 19 It, Sept. 4, 1994 30' 19 It, Sept. 6, 1994 10' It, Sept. 8, 1994 20' 1995 30' uA, Balatonmagyarod pond July 10, 1988 It, Sept. 9, 1994 20' It, Drava river July 20, 1995 19 It, Bares fish ponds Aug. 29, 1983 19 uA, Aug. 6, 29 uA, Vfzvar June 21, 1992 10' It, July 2; 1992 19 It, 1984 20' uA, Bodrogkisfalud Aug. 18, 1992 19 It, Aug. Aug. 3, 1995 19 AL, V6rs Kisbalaton Aug. 24, 1947 1, 1993 19 It, June 22, 1994 10' 29 It, Bodrogszegi 10' ?, Zakany vasutoldal July 8, 1996 10' It, Zire Cuha July 1, 1993 1 Cf' It, 80szenfa Ropolypuszta June 9, valley July 30, 197410' RL, 1996 1Cf' AL, Darany NagyberekAug. 23, 198919 NS, Sisyra terminalis Curtis, 1854 June 18, 1996 1Cf' uA, Dobsza Kisdobsza Aug. 25, 1985 4Cf' 19 uA, Dravapalkonya Drava river May 20, Aba Aug. 2,199619 It, Agard June 16, 197639 US, 1993 1 Cf' UA, July 26, 1993 2Cf' 29 uA, Dravasztara July 4, 1976 19 US, Baboesa Rinya stream July 28, Drava river July 18, 1993 14Cf' 39 UA, Fehergyarmat G6go Szenke June 22, 1993 10' uA, Gulaes Tisza ox- • • • o 00 o xx • ..... • •• ...... • ...... •.. • ...... ""I" , - - '" "I'" , ',,' I' ", ,," "'I'" ., ! • i! 4.20 5.10 5.30 "I" I"" I" 6.19 7.9 7.29 8.18 9.7 9.27 10.17 11.6 11.26 time (dd) • AlfOld • Dunantuli-kozepheh'Yseg • Dunantuli-dombsag X KisalfOld 0 Eszaki-kozephegyseg • Alpokalja

Fig. 8.: Seasonal activity graph of Sisyra terminalis 8. abra: A Sisyra terminalis szezonalis aktivrtasi diagramja HUNGARIAN FRESHWATER OSMILYD AND SPONGE-FLIES FAUNA 269

IOU Sept. 4, 1984 10" 19 It, Mecser Aug. 22, 1992 19 Sisym terminalis SzGy, Mez6tur Peresi ox-bow lake May 18,198810" It, 90 June 10, 1988 10" It, June 18, 1988 10" It, July 12, ~O 198850" 49 It, July 13,198810" 29 It, July 15, 1988 70 10" 59 It, July 17, 198820" 29 It, July 19, 198820" ~ 60 29 It, Aug. 10, 1988 10" It, Aug. 12, 198840" It, Aug. G § 50 14,198830" 29 It, Aug. 16, 1988 10" 59 It, May 31, g. 1989 10" uA, July 25, 1990 20" 29 Ii, Muraratka Mura ¢: 40 river July 13, 199319 uA, NagybajcsAug. 26-29,1996 30 47 exx. ?, 6rtilos railway station May 23, 1992 19 It, 20 July 9, 199220" 29 It, July 22, 1992 149 It, July 23, 10 1992 20" 39 It, July 24, 1992 30" 39 It, July 25, 1992

() 10" It, July 26, 1992 50" 29 It, July 29, 1992 10" It, 12 17 22 8 July 30, 1992 10" It, July 31, 1992 290" 679 It, Aug. time (h) 22, 1992 360" 369 It, Aug. 23, 199220" 39 It, Aug. 24, Fig. 9.: Day and night activity graph of Sisyra terminalis 1992 60" 39 It, Aug. 25, 1992 50" 119 It, Aug. 26, 9. abra: A Sisyra terminalis napi aktivitasi diagramja 1992330" 989 It, Aug. 27, 199280" 259 It, Aug. 28, 1992 60" 329 It, Aug. 30, 1992 40" 59 It, Sept. 22, bow lake July 9, 199410" NS. - uA, Gyula Szana-zug 199210" It, June 14,199319 It, June 15,199329 It, Sept. 5, 1988 10" uA, Halaszi July 2, 1992 10" It, Hol- June 16, 1993 10" 39 It, June 18, 199319 It, June 19, 16haza Aug. 1, 1986 19 AL, Jaszvolgyszallas July 26, 1993 39 It, June 20. 1993 10" 59 It, July 14, 1993 10" 1988 10" It, Aug. 2, 1988 19 It, Aug. 10, 1988 19 It, 19 It, July 15, 1993 19 It, July 16, 1993 50" 99 It, Aug. Ketujfalu July 3, 1993 19 Sar J, Kisszentmarton 3,199319 AL, Aug. 12, 199310" 29 It, Aug. 13, 1993 Majlatpuszta Aug. 11, 1990 19 It, Kbrbsladany Aug. 24, 50" 49 It, Aug. 14, 199320" 29 It, Aug. 15, 199330" 198910" It, Aug. 25,198910" It, K6szeg Malom valley 19 It, Aug. 19, 1993 19 It, Aug. 20, 1993 80" 19 It, June 4, 1988 19 uA, Lip6tfa July 31, 1986 10" It, Aug. Sept. 10, 199320" It, Sept. 11, 1993 10" 19 It, Sept. 17, 1986 10" It, Magyarszombatfa July 12, 1984 10" It,

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Fig. 10.: Distribution map of Sisyra jutlandica in Hungary 10. abra: A Sisyra jutlandica elterjedese Magyarorszagon 270 ABRAHAM LEVENTE

12, 1993 10' 39 It, Sept. 12. 1993 19 uA, Sept. 15. recorded in the northwestern parts of Europe, especial­ 1993 10' 29 It. Nagyteteny Aug. 11, 1961 10' It, ly in Germany and Great Britain. Panyola 6reg-Tur June 19, 1995 30' NS. - uA, Osmy/us fu/vicepha/us (Scopoli, 1763) July 29. 1986 19 uA, Piliscsaba Aug. 1, 1990 It is a holomediterranean faunaelement. Developing 19 It, Sarkad Malom valley June 5, 1989 110' 69 It, near water it has three larval stages from which proba­ Aug. 4, 1991 30' It, June 21. 1992 19 It, July 22, 1992 bly the second or third instar is overwintering (ASPOCK 30' 79 It, Sept. 20, 1992 30' 59 It. Aug. 30, 1994 10' et al 1980). It. Aug. 5, 1993 10' GyP, Szentborbas July Pupation lasts for about two weeks. Adults can be 5, 1989 19 It, Aug. 23. 1989 10' 39 It, Tihany Sajkod recorded mainly beside shady streams. Fig. 1. shows the distribution of the species in Hungary. It can be con­ June 15. 199019 It, Aug. 2,1990 19 It, Tiszabecs Kut cluded that Osmylus fulvicephalus is definitely spread in June 20, 1993 20' 19 uA, June 22, 1993 mountainous and hilly areas in Hungary but it is missing 20' uA, Turistvandi 6reg-Tur June 23, 1993 10' uA, from the plain territories, such as the Great Hungarian Aug. 5, 1994 70' 49 It, Aug. 6, 1994 10' It, Aug. 7, Plain, the (Kisalf6Id) and the 199410' 29 It, Aug. 9, 199429 It, Aug. 10, 199420' intenSively studied Inner Somogy as well. Although it It. Aug. 11, 1994 10' It, Sept. 1. 1994 19 It, Sept. 4, occurs in the hilly area of the Zselic, Vas and hilly 1994 10' It. Sept. 9, 1994 10' It, Uszka Batar stream areas where the average altitude is below 350 m. June 21, 1993 20' uA, June 21, 1993 10' uA. - Vass According to the collecting sites its habitat is close to l, Vejti Drava river May 17, 1993 19 NS. - uA, Nov. 7, running water, limnokren springs and their surround­ ings, mountainous streams (lower courses) and brooks, 1993 10' uA, Vizvar Drava river July 2, 1992 19 It, rivulets where banks are shaded by the overhanging Aug. 2, 1992 10' 19 It, Aug. 9, 1992 10' It, Aug. 18, vegetation causing colder microclimatological effect 1992 10' It, June 8, 1993 10' 29 uA, July 16, 1993 19 than the open banks. It is an univoltin species. Seasonal NS, July 18, 1995 10' AL, activity graph of the adults is shown in Fig. 2. It is a sen­ Sisyra jutlandica Esben Petersen, 1915 sitive species as to its habitat changes. The metapopu­ lation can be heavily decreased by cutting trees down Megyer Aug. 20. 1988 19 uA, Nagybajcs July? 1995 along the banks. Fortunately, habitat destruction does 1 exx. sticky plate, Rajka dikereev's house Aug. 27, not occur very frequently, land and water pollution are 1994 1 exx. uA, not characteristic which is not suited for agriculture. This species has not been protected in Hungary yet. Results and discussion Sisyra fuscata (FabriCius, 1799) It is widely distributed in the Holartic area. It can be In the course of revision, six museological collections of found in almost all European countries except for the the Hungarian osmylid and sisyrid flies were redeter­ Mediterranean region. Sisyridae in Hungary are char­ mined. Besides, data collected from all papers pub­ acterised by being spread only in the flat areas. As Fig.: lished on the Hungarian Neuroptera fauna were sum­ 4. shows the distribution area of Sisyra fuscata can be marised, as well. found along the large running rivers (lower courses) and different types of stagnant water. Its larvae is par­ I found that the Hungarian freshwater Neuroptera fau­ asitic, their hosts are Ephydia fluviatilis, Spongilla na has one species belonging to Osmylidae and three lacustris and other sponges and bryozoans hosts species belonging to Sisyridae. (WEISSMAIR 1994a). Their habitats are different types Although we can find data about them in several of canals, dykes and ditches, rivulets, rivers and stag­ papers (STEINMANN 1967, SZIRAKI et al. 1992), but nant water, moor, marches and fens, lakes, ponds. Sisyra dalii McLachlan, 1866 has not come up in the Although it is considered to be a bivoltin species, this Hungarian fauna yet. This specimen had been identi­ can not be proved by the data shown in the activity fied wrongly and was actually Psectra diptera graph. The scale of water pollution is not known, either, (Burmeister, 1839) (Tarhos July 13, 1959 light trap) in so it is not yet clear how this species can cope with it. coil.: HNHM. Asp6cK et. al. (1980) did not mention this species in Hungary in their European faunawork. Sisyra termina/is Curtis, 1854 However, ELLIOT (1996) mentioned it with positive It is a polycentric extramediterranean faunaelement. record in east Balkans without citing paper, but I have This species has a life history and way of life similar to not found its reference. This species occurs mainly in Sisyra fuscata. Studying its life cycle and duration of north-west Europe. Collecting site closest to Hungary is larval stage, WEISSMAIR (1994b) found that it depend­ at Polstejn (Czech Republic), where it was caught in ed on water temperature and host conditions. UJH ELYI 1958 (ZELENY 1961). Our knowledge of its habitat and (1978) recorded this species for the first time at Agard distribution is poor (KILLINGTON 1936-37, ELLIOT near Lake Velence in Hungary, although the first speci­ 1996). Records for adults suggest that larvae live in men had been collected in 1961 but it was misidentified fast-floating rivers and streams and near small lakes as Sisyra fuscata. In Hungary it can also be found and canals. Very few specimens have been recently along large rivers and lakes, though it has not been col- HUNGARIAN FRESHWATER OSMILYD AND SPONGE-FLIES FAUNA 271

lected near the lower courses of the Danube or the Ti­ and their connection to each other show the probable sza; on the other hand it was abundant in light trap increase of collected specimens. Data on the activity samples at Ortilos next to the Drava River (ABRAHAM graph gives information on microclimatological 1995). Seasonal activity graph is shown in Fig. 8. The changes of the different collection sites. characteristic habitats of Sisyra terminalis are in run­ Seasonal activity of Osmylus fulvicephalus on the ning water: large rivers, rivulets, streams and in stag­ south slopes of the Mecsek Mountains and the Aggte­ nant water: gravel pits, reservoirs, stagnant river leki Karszt, for instance, begins earlier than on the .branches, water body with temporary in-flow, lakes, northern slopes of the same region, which are microcli­ ponds. matologically colder. All those specimens collected in Sisyrajut/andica Esben-Petersen, 1915 the Mecsek Mountains in the first decade of August live At present. categorisation of the faunaelement of this in cooler habitat for example: Koml6 Manfa K6lyuk, species can not be stated yet, as its distribution is not Koml6 Manfa Nagymely valley, Pusp6kszentlaszl6. As sufficiently known. It appears only in Europe, mainly in shown in figure: 2. seasonal activity is influenced by lat­ the countries of the Baltic basin. An isolated population itude and geographical position of collection site in of the species was first discovered at Ilimnitz (HOLZEL Hungary. et al. 1980) near Lake Fert6 in Austria. At first the spe­ A very simple examination was carried out to study the cies was recorded at Megyer next to the Marcal river daytime activity of Hungarian freshwater neuropteroid (ABRAHAM 1989) in Hungary, it also occurred in Szi­ fauna. It gives information on their collection possibili­ getk6z near the Danube river region in northwest Hun­ ties and the distribution of the collected materials. All gary (SZIRAKI 1997). movement types were recorded to define the absolute Sisyra jutlandica seems to belong to bivoltin species, its frequency of their activities. Three movement types life cycle is being studied by WEISSMAIR (1994b). Its were registered for agile antenna movement in resting characteristic habitats are stagnant waters: littoral position, walking and flying. At the end activity graphs lakes, shallow ponds, running waters: rivers, rivulets. were compared with types of flight activity patterns The population in the Little Hungarian Plain (Kisalf6Id) showed by DUELLI (1986). in Hungary is very significant both from zoogeographi­ New information can be concluded from these results cally and nature conservation points. In Hungary it has on freshwater neuropteroids concerning day and night not been protected by law yet. activities. Activity pattern of Osmylus fulvicephalus belongs to Data concerning the appearances of the imagines1 carnea type and it is listed as nocturnal activity. Sisyra were examined by different methods as suggested by fuscata and Sisyra terminalis seem to belong to basalis MONTGOMERY (1942) s06s (1958) DEVAI (1976) type characterised by two activity peaks at dawn and at BENEDEK - JASZAI (1971). According to the assump­ dusk. tion, the diagram of seasonal activity of imagines Activity patterns are strongly modified by temperature should reveal normal distribution. However, due to few changes in nature. Besides, we must take into consid­ sample materials, the above statement could not be eration the homeostasis of insect as well. proved statistically by data of imagines used in this Seeing the last two diagrams on Sisyra species, the study. As a matter of fact, the activity graph from the hypothesis, saying that basalis type flying activity pat­ few available data were unsatisfactory, so another terns with two peaks at dusk and at dawn is probably a method was presented. Seasonal activity graphs as consequence of the island habitat must be rejected, shown in Figs.: 2. 5. 8. were drawn considering each based on the results of experiments on the Sisyra spe­ region in Hungary and the days and months of their cies in Hungary. appearance marked along the time line. The first and None of them are protected in Hungary yet, although last dots inform us about start and end of seasonal these species are listed in Red Books in some of the activity while density of dots point out the frequency of neighbouring countries (Austria, Slovenia, Germany). seasonal activity of imagines, while the dots density

1 Terminology used in Hungarian literature is sometimes confusing. as it also happens with the English literature. Words and phrases denoting seasonal activity are as follows: flight activity, time-distribution of adults, appearances of imagines, phenolo­ gy, voltinims. Phenology and voltinims are not used correctly, the first meaning the complete description of life history and is not limited to the flight activity of the imagines, the latter referring to the entire life cycle. Words and phrases used for day and night activity are: flight activity, and flight activity patterns. Sok publikaci6 helytelenul a fenol6gia sz6t alkalmazza a rajzasi adatok ismertetesekor. A fenol6gia a fejl6desmenet telies lefrasa es nem korlatoz6dik az imag6k repOlesi aktivitasara. A vizsgalat csak az imag6kra terjedt ki, eppen ezert a telies egyedfejlOdes id6be/i lefutasara csak kbvetkeztetni tudunk. A repOlesi aktivitas, rajzasi aktivitas, szezonalis aktivitas es a helytelenOI hasznalt fenol6gia sz6 is ugyanazt a jelenseget takarja. A napi mozgas aktivitasra, mint szinonim megfelel6jet hasznaljak a repOlesi aktivitas sz6t is a magyarban, de emellett e fogalmat alkalmazzuk a gyujtesek soran az allatok abudancia viszonyainak megjelblesere is. 272 ABRAHAM LEVENTE

Literature

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Tanulmany a hazai vizi eletm6du recesszarnyu faunar61 (Neuroptera: Osmylidae, Sisyridae)

A Foldon a Neuroptera rend 6t csaladjaban DUELLI (1986) mar kimutatta, hogy az allatok aktivita­ (Rapismatidae, Osmylidae, Neurothidae, Sisyridae, sa 22 Co felett 100 %-nak tekinthet6. A fenyviszonyo­ Polystoechidae) talalunk vfzhez k6t6tt fejlodesmenetU kat termeszetes megvilagftasban hosszu nappalos ko­ fajokat. Eur6paban azonban ezek kozul csak harom rulmenyek koz6tt tartottam. de termeszetesen nem al­ csalad fajai fordulnak elo. Hazankban egy faj el az kalmaztam direkt tenyt. fgy megpr6baltam az allatokat Osmylidae csaladban, Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, alland6 kulso kornyezeti viszonyok k6zott tartani. kive­ 1763) es harom faj a Sisyridae csaladban, Sisyra fus­ ve a termeszetes feny valtozasait. cata (Fabricius, 1799), Sisyra terminalis Curtis, 1854, Sisyra jutlandica Esben-Petrsen, 1915. E dolgozat cel­ A kiserlet 24 6ran keresztUl folyt, a vizualis megfigyeles ja, hogy ezekre a fajokra vonatkoz6 informaci6kat osz­ soran 15 percenkent yettem mintat. Az ejszaka folya­ szegezze. man nagyon rovid ideig egy zseblampa visszavert fe­ ·A vfzhez k6t6do Neuroptera fajok adatait hat hazai mu­ nyenel vizsgaltam az altatokat a mintavetelezesi ido­ zeum gyujtemenye, az Uhelyi-fele gyujtemeny anyaga, pontok alkalmaval. A mintavetelek soran rogzitettem az a magyar neuropterol6giai szakirodalom es sajat gyuj­ allatok mozgas aktivitasat. Harom vizualisan megfi­ teseim alapjan vizsgaltam. Megallapitottam, hogy a gyelheto mozgaser6sseg tipust kGI6nftettem el. melyet Sisyra dalii Maclachlan, 1866 a hazai faunaban teve­ mozgasnak tekintettem. elenk csapmozgas, maszka­ sen szerepelt (STEINMANN 1967, SZIRAKI et al las. repules. 1992), mivel a faj emlitett peldanya egy Psectra diptera Az adatokat 6sszesftve, bel610k szazalekos gyakorisa­ (Burmeister, 1839) Tarhos 1959. VII. 13. fenycsapda al­ gi tablazatot keszitettem es ezeket abrazoltam dia­ tai fogott egyed volt. A fajok elterjedesi terkepeib61 grammon. megailapfthat6, hogy az Osmylus fulvicephalus Magya­ rorszagon a kozephegyvidekeken es dombvidekeken A fent emlftett kfserlet hasonl6 valtozataval DUELLI el. A Sisyra fajok pedig ezzel eppen ellentetesen a sfk­ (1986) tobb Chrysopidae faj repules aktivitasi mintaza­ videki kulonbozo tfpusu foly6- es all6vizi eletkozosse­ tat vizsgalta es az alaptipusokat leirta. A most kozolt gek tagjai. adatok viszont teljesen uj informaci6t jelentenek mind az Osmylidae, mind a Sisyridae csaladban a napi moz­ A faunisztikai adatok osszesftese alapjan megadtam a gas aktivitas tekinteteben. vizsgalt fajok rajzasi diagramjait. Az adatokat a diagra­ mon tajegysegenkent pont ok altai kirajzolt vonaldiag­ Az Osmylus fulvicephalus carnea tipusu, tehat tokent ramkent abrazoltam. A kezd6 es vegpontok a rajzas az ejszaka els6 feleben aktiv rovarok, mig a Sisyra fus­ elejer61 es befejezeser61 tajekoztatnak bennunket, mig cata es a Sisyra terminalis pedig basalis napi aktivitasi a pontok surusege a gyujthetosegi valoszinuseget mu­ Upusba, tehat hajnalban es szGrkGletben aktiv tajok tatja (2. 5. 8. abra). csoportjaba sorolhat6. A termeszetben ezt az aktivitast eroteljesen befolyasoljak a kuls6 korulmenyek pI.: a na­ A fajok eves rajzasi diagramjai mellett vizsgaltam meg pi h6mersekleti ingadozas. Emellett a bels6 k6rulme­ a harom leggyakoribb vfzhez kctctt Neuroptera faj napi nyekkel is feltetlenul szamolnunk kell. aktivitasat is. Ez tontos informaci6t biztosfthat a jov6be­ Ii gyujthet6seggel kapcsolatosan. Az ut6bbi esetben kapott eredmeny alapjan, val6szfnu­ leg el kell vetnunk azt a feltetelezest, miszerint a tr6pu­ EI6 peldanyokat fogtam be, majd elkulonftve papfrvat­ si szigetlak6 fajokra jellemz6 csak a hajnali es szurkG­ taval lefedett 300 ml-es uvegpoharba helyeztem oket. leti napi aktivitas kialakulasa. A jelenseg magyarazata A megfigyeleseket az allatoknak az uvegbe helyezese meg tovabbi vizsgalatokat igenyel. utan 2 6ra elteltevel kezdtem el es 24 6nln keresztUi folytattam. A papfrvattat 3 6rankent megnedvesitettem Ma meg a hazai vizhez kot6d6 Neuroptera fauna es a homersekletet a kfserleti helyisegben 25 CO-on ± egyetlen faja sem vedett. bar ezeket a fajokat szamos 1 Co tartottam. [gy a h6mersekleti ingadozas nem befo­ kornyezo orszagban (Nemetorszag, Ausztria. Slovenia) Iyasolta az allatok napi mozgas aktivitasat, mivel mar vedelemben reszesftettek.

A szerzo cfme (Author's address): Dr. Levente ABRAHAM Somogy County Museum H-7400 Kaposvar, Fo utca 10. 'Hungary Bibliography of the Neuropterida

Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 9451

Reference Citation: Abrahám, L. 1998 [1998.??.??]. A study on the Hungarian freshwater osmylid and sponge-flies fauna (Neuroptera: Osmylidae, Sisyridae). Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 13:263-273.

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File: File produced for the Bibliography of the Neuropterida (BotN) component of the Lacewing Digital Library (LDL) Project, 2012.