Chapter 4: CULTURAL RESOURCE STATUS OF BLOCK

4.1. Introduction

Human resource of an area is considered to be of prime importance is achieving the overall efficiency and sustainability of natural resource management. Better human resource can utilized its natural resource base for the benefit of the society in a sustainable manner. Thus human resource often considered as the focal theme of assessing cultural resource of an area (Human Development Report, 200 I; WB Human Development Report, 2004). As mentioned earlier that the Dhupguri block consists of two parallel administrative set-up from the point of view of development planning under the light of 73'd and 74lh Constitution Amendments i.e., the PR!s that encompasses the rural area consisting of 16 gram pancheyets (GP) and ULBs that consists of Dhupguri municipality encompassing more urbanized area divided into 16 wards.

An attempt has been made in this chapter to visualize the socio-economic status and the level of human resource development of Dhupguri block in the perspective of development planning. The data for such a study has mostly been accessed from the NRDMS centre , CCA village registrar and from the office of District Magistrate, Jalpaiguri. Necessary field verification has been carried out under standard format. Data has been analysed using standard statistical methods.

4.2 Socio-economic Status of Gram Paucheyets

4.2.1 Population and Family set-up

The total population ofDhupguri block was estimated to be 309,729 according to CCA survey conducted in the year 2003-2004. Out of which 161, 511 (%)has been identified as male population and 146,218 (%) female population thus the gender ratio stands as 905.31 female population per 1000 male which is still lower than the national average. The total number of family in Dhupguri block has been identified as 70,350 thus the average family size has been estimated to be 4.40 persons per family. The gram pancheyet wise detail distribution of population, family size and gender ratio has been tabulated in table 4.1.

52 Table 4 I Gram Pancheyet wise Populati on, Family and Gender rati o of Dhupguri block. Name of Gram Population Family Gender Pancheyets Male Female Total % Number Size ratio I 11 377 9732 2 1109 6.82 6008 3.51 855.41 Banarhat II 11 416 10427 2 1843 7.05 4246 5.14 913.37 10737 9945 22682 7.32 5826 3.89 926.24 13338 13642 26980 8.71 5041 5.35 1022.79 Chamurchi 15848 15365 3 12 13 10.08 6062 5.15 969.52 Gadang I 10167 8928 19095 6. 17 4081 4.68 878.14 Gadang II 6269 585 1 12 120 3.91 3300 3.67 933.32 Gadhairkuthi 9285 7858 17 143 5.53 4688 3.66 846.31 Jhar Altagram I 11 364 10255 21619 6.98 4971 4.35 902.41 Jhar Altagram ll 6376 5732 12108 3.91 2277 5.32 899.00 Magurmari I 7838 6902 14740 4.76 3768 3.91 880.58 Magurmari II 9188 7853 17041 5.50 3654 4.66 854.70 Sakojhora I 13499 11 233 24732 7.99 6425 3.85 832.14 Sakojhora II 9728 8848 18576 6.00 3822 4.86 909.54 Salbari I 7570 6855 14425 4.66 336 1 4.29 905.55 Salbari II 75 11 6792 14303 4.62 2820 5.07 904.27 Total 161511 1462 18 309729 100 70350 4.40 905.31 Based on CCA reporl & Vrllage Regrslrar 200-1-2008, NRDMS Centre, Jalparg urr

Figure 4.1 demonstrates gram pancheyet wise fami ly size in Dhupguri block. It is interesting to note that the ST dominated gram pancheyets exhibits larger family size than that SC dominated areas. The largest family size of 5.35 persons per fami ly has been found in Binnaguri GP fo llowed by 5.32 in Jhar Altagram II , 5. 15 in Chamurchi, 5. 14 in Banarhat II and 5.07 persons per family in Salbari II gram pancheyet. Partially urbanized Banarhat I GP recorded the lowest number of 3.5 1 persons per fami ly and this has been fo ll owed by 3.66 in Gadhairkuthi and 3.67 in Gadang II gram pancheyets which are predominately agrarian area dominated by SC population (Figure 4. 1).

Fam ily Size (Number per Family) In Gram Pancheyets In Dhupcurl Block

... I"" .i!: I"" I"" ~ s I!" .. I"" I"" .. ':;;- 4 ~ .. ~ c: ,... !"" ~ ; l Q.. 0 j 1. E z" l ...... 0 - -

Figure No. 4. 1 Gram Pancheyet wise family size in Dhupguri block

53 Figure 4.2 demonstrates gram pancheyet wise gender ratio in Dhupguri block. The most favourable gender ratio has been noticed in ST dominated Binnaguri gram pancheyet which has been estimated to be I 022.79 female per 1000 male population. The most unfavourable gender ratio is identified in Sakojhora II GP with only 832.I4 female per 1000 male population. This is followed by Gadhairkuthi GP with 846.3I, Magurmari II with 854.70, Banarhat I GP with 855.4I and 880.58 female per 1000 male population in Magurmari I GP. Gender ratio has been found more favourable in gram pancheyets like Chamurchi with 969.52, Gadang II with 933.32 and Barogharia gram pancheyet with 926.24 female per I 000 male population (Figure 4.2).

NumberofFemalePopulatlon per 1000 Male In Gram Pancheyets in Dhupguri ~lock l

4.2 .1.1 Caste Composition

Schedule Caste (S~) community constitutes the largest share of families in Dhupguri block which accounts for 50% of the total. This has been followed by Schedule Tribe (ST) community accounts for another 22% of the total. The minority community contributes to 13% of the total family of the block. This is closely followed by other backward communities (OBC) with 7% and Caste Hindu with only 8% of the total family. Large majority of families accounting for 83% of the total has been identified as backward community (Figure 4.3). The gram pancheyet wise caste composition of families ofDhupguri block is tabulated in table 4.2 and also diagrammatically represented in figure 4.4. It is interesting to note that the northern tea garden dominated gram pancheyets are dominated by schedule tribe (ST) population i.e., Banarhat II with 70.44%, Chamurchi with 63.6I% followed by Binnaguri with 46.44% and Banarhat I with 38.47%. While, SC population has

54 C aste Composition of FamUy in Dhupgurl Block

• sc • ST OBC • M mor it y • Caste Htndu

Figure 4.3. Caste composition of fa milies in Dhupguri block been found to be dominated in the agrarian gram pancheyets of Dhupguri block. Such as SC population constitute 86.65% of the total popu lation in Gadhairkuthi gram pancheyet which is followed by Gadang II gram pancheyet with 78.15%, Jhar Altagram I with 77.17%, Jhar Altagram II with 69.65%, Barogharia gram pancheyet with 66.53%, Magurmari I gram pancheyet with 66.30%, Sakojhora II with 61.02%, Salbari I gram pancheyet 59.68% and Gadang 1 with 54.68% of the total famil y ofthe respective gram pancheyets.

T a bl e 4 ..2 G ..P WI Se ca s t e compost 10n off: a miT 1 es m. Dh up gun. bl oc k Name ofG.P. sc ST OBC Minority Caste Hindu Total Banarhat I 1363 2311 820 474 1042 6008 Banarhat II 475 2991 134 204 398 4246 Barogharia 3876 66 239 1507 138 5826 Binnaguri 416 2341 400 1513 371 5041 Chamurchi 429 3856 67 1 210 896 6062 Gadang I 2239 48 89 1 875 28 4081 Gadang II 2579 38 286 255 142 3300 Gadhairkuthi 4062 22 1 34 325 46 4688 Jhar Altagram J 3836 339 286 255 225 4971 Jhar Altagram II 1586 438 90 37 126 2277 Magurmari I 2498 118 38 1 654 117 3768 Magurmari II 2777 146 99 505 127 3654 Sakojhora I 3002 1251 564 539 1068 6425 Sakoj hora II 2332 148 270 992 60 3822 Salbari I 2006 598 60 414 283 3361 Salbari II 1524 451 128 198 519 2820 Tota l 35 000 15361 5353 8957 5586 70350 Based on CCA report & Village Registrar 2004-2008, NRDMS Centre. Ja/pa/guri

The largest concentration of other backward communities (OBC) has been identified in Gadang I gram pancheyet wh ich accounts for 21.83% of the total family in

55 Dhupguri block. Thi s is closely followed by Banarhat I (1 3.65%), Chamurchi (11. 10%) and Magurmari I (I 0.11 %). The largest concentration of minority population has been identified in Binnaguri gram pancheyet wh ich accounted for 30.0 I% of the total population. This is fol lowed by Sakojhora II gram pancheyet with 25 .95% ofthe total family of the GP followed by 21.44% identified in Gadang I gram pancheyet. The largest concentration of caste Hindu fam il ies has been identified in Salbari II gram pancheyet which accounts fo r 18.40% of the total fami ly in the respective GP. Th is is closely foll owed by Banarhat I ( 17.34%), Sakojhora I (16.62%) and in Chamurchi (14.78%).

Castt Composition in Grnm P:mdttytts ofDhupglui Block

7000 • SC • ST 08C • Minority • C•ste Hindu

6000 - ~ E:- 5000 ~ ~ IIIII I I ~ ~ :1000 / Ar- 0 / f- - r- r- r- r- l r- r-- i )000 f- f- ,__ / r-- r- r- r- z 2000 f- f- f- f- f- f- 1- !000 /

/ f- f- f- f- f- f- 0 7

Figure No. 4.4 Gram pancheyet wise caste composition of families in Dhupguri block

4.2.1.2 School Drop-out

School drop-out constitutes an important parameter to apprehend the complex system of societal attitudes towards attaining better human resource. The CCA data as accessed in this regard has been tabulated in table 4.3 and diagrammaticall y represented in figure 4.5. Out of the total II ,349 cases of school drop-out the female constitute 6,661 in Dhupguri block. Gram pancheyet wise distribution of school drop-out has been diagrammatically shown in fi gure 4.5. It reveal s that tea garden dominated gram pancheyets recorded more number of school drop-out i.e., Banarhat I, Banarhat II , Chamurchi, Binnaguri and Sakojhora I gram pancheyet. In contrast the agrarian gram pancheyets like Gadang I, Magurmari II recorded less number of school drop-out. It is interesting to note that a large number of female drop out recorded in Binnaguri gram pancheyet.

56 School Drop-Out in Gram Panclleyets of Dhupgm1 Block

900 aoo

700 ~ ..e 6oo t:'oo0 tl~ ~ JOO :i lOO 100 0

Figure 4.5 School drop-out of different gram pancheyets in Dhupguri block.

Ta bl e 4 3 Gram Pa nc heye t WISe. ShC 00 ID ro p-out 1n. Dh upgun. bl oc k Name of Gram Number of Number of School Drop-out Physically Pancheyets Family Male Female Total challenged Banarhat l 6008 869 900 1769 93 Banarhat II 4246 725 721 1446 19 Barogharia 5826 437 411 42 128 Binnaguri 504 1 448 772 1220 25 Chamurchi 6062 606 715 1321 45 Gadang I 408 1 98 120 218 65 Gadang II 3300 563 558 112 1 69 Gadhairkuthi 4688 410 405 815 116 Jhar Altagram I 4971 240 215 455 192 Jhar Altagram II 2277 291 377 668 90 Magurmari I 3768 339 23 1 570 87 Magurmari II 3654 140 98 238 49 Sakojhora I 6425 590 478 1068 105 Sakojhora II 3822 265 275 540 120 Sa lbari J 3361 275 227 502 174 Salbari II 2820 198 158 356 82 Total 70350 6494 6661 11349 1459 Based on CCA report & Vt!lage Regrstrar 200-1-2008, NRDMS Centre, Ja/patgurr

4.2.1.3 Physically Challenged Persons

Gram pancheyet wise distribution of physically challenged person in Dhupguri block has been tabulated in table 4.3 and diagrammatica lly represented in figure 4.6. Total number of physically challenged persons identified in CCA survey was 1459 in Dhupguri block. However, the di stribution of physical ly cha llenged person in different gram pancheyets is found highl y irregular (Figure 4.6). The concentration of physically challenged

57 persons has been identified in Jhar Altagram I GP, followed by albari I and Barogharia. Less number of physically challenged persons has been identified in Banarhat II and Binnaguri gram pancheyets.

Number of Physically Challenged persons in Gram Pancheyets of Dhupguri Block

100 110 160 1~0 110 .D •E 100 ::s z 80 60 40 r

Gram Pancheyets

Figure 4.6 Gram pancheyet wise distrib ution of disa ble persons in Ohupguri block

4.2.2 Occupation Structure

The occupation structure of the famil ies resided in Dhupguri block is essentially dominated by either agriculture or tea ga rdens. Generally, the dominant occupation of southern part of the block is dominated by primary activities like cultivation and that of the northern part is dominated by secondary activities li ke tea garden workers again that of plantation workers. 46% of the total fa mily has been identified as cultivators and another 40% of the total fa mily has been identified as tea garden workers (as mentioned as others). 7% of the total fa mily depends on business as dominant occu pation and another 5% has been identified as dependent on ervice sector. The remaining 2% has been identified as to be dependent on industry mostly small in sectors. Thus. the primary sector accounted for 46%, Secondary sector contributed to another 42% and the tertiary sector accounted for the remaining 12% of the total available occupation of the bl ock. The gram pancheyet wise occupation structu re in Dhupguri block has been tabu lated in table 4.4 and diagrammatically represented in figu re 4.7.

58 Qc{'l.lpation PattE'I'llS ofHousE-1\olds In Gl'aan PandlE>YE>tsor Dhupgurl Block 1000 / • Asrlculture • Bu ~l ness Service • Industry Other$ r"" / ,... 6000 ~ / ~ :- .::-5000 - ,.. ~ ~ ,.. r-~ / r- t 4000 r"" ~ 0 I"'! ,... r- / r- r- f--- r- " 3000 ,.. ~ r- r- ~ f- t- r- r- z 1000 / r- r- r- r- r- r- r- 1000 / r- r- f- r- f- r- r- r- .L ~ 1:~ ii 7

Figure No. 4.7 Gram Pancheyet wise Occupation Structure in Dhupguri block

Table 4.4 Occupation Structure of Gram Pancheyets in Dhupguri block

Name of Gram Number of Agric Business Service Industry Others & T .G. Pancheyets Family ulture Labour Banarhat I 6008 764 995 604 28 3617 Banarhat IJ 4246 0 26 5 13 4202 Barogharia 5826 1214 133 7 81 4391 Binnaguri 5041 3 335 360 4 4339 Chamurchi 6062 407 396 166 66 5027 Gadang I 4081 3330 109 6 1 13 568 Gadang II 3300 2392 405 422 32 49 Gadhairkuthi 4688 4329 74 55 26 204 Jhar Altagram I 497 1 3890 343 126 172 440 Jhar Altagram II 2277 1923 82 29 13 230 Magurmari I 3768 2535 327 84 146 676 Magurmari II 3654 2684 143 6 1 243 523 Sakojhora r 6425 2385 820 975 45 2200 Sakojhora li 3822 263 1 375 153 112 551 Salbari 1 3361 2625 169 82 3 1 454 Salbari II 2820 1545 251 103 62 859 Total 70350 32657 4983 3293 1087 28330 Based on CCA report & Vtllage Regtstrar 2004-2008, NRDMS Centre, Jalpatgurt

4.2.2.1 Available Idle Mao-Days

CCA field data reveals the existence of large number of idle man-days in Dhupguri block. Lack of job opportunity and adverse man-land ratio aggravates the problem many fo lds in recent years. T he emergence of social unrest and upsurge of so called separatist

59 movements are the outcome of such a situation. The caste wise composition of availability of idle man-days is found to be more-or-less similar with the caste composition. Such as the SC community accounts for about 53% of the total available idle man-days, 3% more than its share in terms of total population. Thus the job opportunity among the SC population is seems to be a real problem. The STcommunity accounted for 21% of the total idle man-days of the block against 22% of their family contribution has been found in better position. The minority community accounts for II% followed by 9% by the OBC community and 6% by the caste Hindu community. The gram pancheyet wise distribution of available idle man-days in Dhupguri block has been tabulated in table 4.5 and diagrammatically represented in figure 4.8.

Table 4.5 Gram pancheyet wise availability ofldle Man-days

Name of Gram Number of Total Annual Number of Idle Man-days Pancheyets Family S.C. S.T. O.B.C. Minority Caste Hindu Banarhat I 6008 I68233 473768 95043 39626 130885 Banarhat II 4246 127142 487162 27951 58929 110555 Barogharia 5826 668728 8933 36505 206779 17095 Binnaguri 5041 187251 229691 28938 189997 48327 Chamurchi 6062 51603 901565 409871 30156 81808 Gadang I 4081 402255 28190 171680 86013 11610 Gadang II 3300 492737 5755 71390 50348 7853 Gadhairkuthi 4688 904551 30005 7380 46101 9195 Jhar Altagram I 4971 989013 94291 62248 45316 45860 Jhar Altagram II 2277 164106 36382 4649 756 2452 Magurmari I 3768 589206 16336 101861 190936 12919 Magurmari II 3654 469773 2976 14639 50113 13952 Sakojhora I 6425 315419 185737 45308 79468 108560 Sakoj hora II 3822 795297 27869 16065 213396 9442 Salbari I 3361 379677 103229 7540 93574 49242 Salbari II 2820 92077 71785 1560 9798 58280 Total 70350 6797068 2703674 II 02628 1391306 718035 Based on CCA report & Vt!lage Regtstrar 2004-2008. NRDMS Centre, Ja/pmgun

It is a matter of great concern that a huge number of over 12.71 million man-days is found available per annum in Dhupguri block. This clearly exhibits the non-existence of any job opportunity in the villages other than already saturated arable farming and tea gardens. However, its spatial distribution over the different gram pancheyets is found irregular that demands special attention as it is depicted in figure 4.8.

60 Caste Composition of Available 1\l:m-D:ws in Dhnpgurf Blo<-k ·

OBC

• Minority

• Caste Htndu

Figure No.4.8 Caste wise availability of Idle Man-days in Dhupguri block

Field survey reveals that on an average the workable family members in Dhupguri block get job fo r less than half of the days in a year. In fact. the average available idle man-days has been estimated to be as high as 178.33 days in a year. However. gram pancheyet wi se spatial distribution of idle man-days 1s found interesting and diagrammatically represented in figure 4.9. The situation is worse is Sakojhora 11 GP where the workable people on an average three fourth period of a year (76.1 3%) remains jobless or idle. Similar situation has also been noticed in Jhar Altagram I (68.16%), Chamurchi (66.66%), Magurmari I (66.26%) gram pancheyets. The situation was much better in Salbari II GP where the workable people on an average remain jobless during only less than one fourth period of a year (22.69%). Sim ilar situation has also been identified in Jhar Altagram II (25.07%). Sakojhora I (3 1.32%) GP. Generally speaking, gram pancheyets where close tea gardens and forest vi ll ages are located records the higher number of ava ilable idle man-days.

A Yallablt" Idlt> 1\ lau- Da~· s (pt>r Annum) In Gn11n Pancht>yt>ts of Dhupgml Block

)00

l50 :.~ . " lOO "~ 150 ::0 :::.!: 100 50

Figure No. 4.9 Gram Pancheyet wise availibity of Idle Man-days in Dhupguri block

61 Caste composition of available idle man-days in different gram pancheyets is also found interesting and is shown in fi gure 4.10 Large concentration of id le man-days among the ST community has been identified in Chamurchi, Banarhat I, Banarhat II gram pancheyets. These are dominated by tea gardens where job opportunity has not expending rather shrinking over the period and created the situation. Large concentration of idle man­ days among th e SC community has been identified in Barogharia, Gadang I, Gadang II, Gadhairkuthi , Jhar Altagram I, Jhar Altagram II , Sakoj hora II and in Salbari I gram pancheyets. These are dominated by agrarian economy where averse man-land ratio is primaril y responsible for the situation.

AV Ilil:-.bl~ ldJ~ Mnndnysht Gr am P 1mch~y~ts In DhupJllrl Block

1600000 • Caste Hindu • Minority O.B.C. • S.T. • S.C. 1400000 ! uooooo i 1000000 ~ aooooo j 600000 E :> z 400000

lOOOOO

Figure No. 4.10 Gram Pancheyet wise ava ili bity of Idl e Man-days in Dhupguri block

4.2.3 Economic Status of Family

An attempt has been made to apprehend the economic status of family of Gram Pancheyets in Dhupguri block based on data accessed from the CCA village registrar on i) family living below poverty level and ii) culti vable land less family. These two parameters gives a clear picture of different gram pancheyets on its present state of economic status that has have relevance in development planning processes at PRls level.

4.2.3.1 Below Poverty Level Family

37% of the total fami ly of Dhupguri block has been identified as economically backward and defined as BPL (Below Poverty Level). Gram pancheyet wise distribution of BPL population has been shown in table 4.6 and diagrammatically represented in fi gure 4.11.

62 Percentage of BPL {Below Poverty Level) Family to total in Gram Pancheyets of Ohupguri Block

~ "60 ~~.r------:~ 50 .s ~0 E> so t1!. 20 gi 10

Gram Pancheyets

Figure No. 4.1 I Gram Pancheyet wise distribution BPL family

The largest concentration of BPL family has been identified in Banarhat II G.P. where 64.06% of total family has been identified as BPL. This is followed by Jhar Altagram II with 55.95%, Boragari G.P. with 54.25% and Magurmari II with 51.51% of the total family of the respective G.P. The lowest concentration ofBPL family is found in Sakojhora II G.P. with 19.10% followed by Chamurchi 20.69o/o, Gadang I with 22.86% and In Sakojhora I G.P. with 22.96% of total family is identified as BPL (Figure 4.1 1).

Table 4 6 Gram Pancheyet wise economic status of family in Dhupguri block Name of Gram Number of Economic Status % ofBPLto Pancheyets Family APL BPL total Banarhat I 6008 3200 2808 46.74 Banarhat II 4246 1526 2720 64.06 Barogharia 5826 2666 3160 54.24 Binnaguri 5041 3146 1895 37.59 Chamurchi 6062 4808 1254 20.69 Gadang I 4081 3148 933 22.86 Gadang II 3300 2280 1020 30.91 Gadhairkuthi 4688 2717 1971 42.04 Jhar Altagram I 4971 3358 1613 32.45 Jhar Altagram II 2277 1003 1274 55.95 Magurmari I 3768 2552 1216 32.27 Magurmari II 3654 1772 1882 51.51 Sakojhora I 6425 4950 1475 22.96 Sakojhora II 3822 3092 730 19.10 Salbari I 3361 2292 1069 31.81 Salbari II 2820 1968 852 30.21 Total 70350 44478 25872 36.78 Based on CCA report & V11lage Reg1strar 2004-2008, NRDMS Centre, Ja/pmgun

63 4.2.3.2 Cultivable Land Less Families

early 44.48% of the total family in Dhupguri block has been identifies as cultivable land-less family. Dhupguri being a predominantly agrarian society it is quite understandable to apprehend the poor state of rural economy where every alternate family have has to depend on mostly as agricultural labour or to opt for migration to the other part of the country in search of livelihood. The caste wise composition of cultivable land less family is depicted in figure 4.12. The SC community shares the largest number of cultivable land less fam ilies which contributes 42% of the total against its share of 50% of the total fam ily. Thus it is apparent that the SC community cou ld retain more cultivable land and constitute the largest cultivators of the block. The situation is quite opposite for the ST population comprising of about 31% of the total land less family against its share of 22% in terms of total family. In fact, the ST community fail s to retain the arable land to a great extent which has been transferred to other communities and gradually becomes agricultural and plantation labourer. The share of cultivable land less family among the OBC, Minority and Caste Hindu has been more-or-less as per their total share in terms of family which has been estimated to be 6%, 12% and 9% respectively against 7%, 13% and 8% respectively.

C'astt- Composition of C'ttltlvnblt> Ln nd Lt-ss Famlly in Dhup~url Block

• sc • ST OBC • M 1nonty • Caste Hindu Figure 4.12 Caste wise Family of Gram Pancheyets without Cultivable land

Gram Pancheyet wise caste composition of cultivable land less family has been tabulated in table 4.7 and diagrammatically represented in figure 4.13. Banarhat I gram pancheyet contributes the largest share ( 14.32%), fo ll owed by Banarhat II gram pancheyet (13.41%), akojhora I Gram Pancheyet ( 10.61 %) and Chamurchi G.P. with 8.0 1% of the total cultivable land less families in the block. Generally speaking the gram pancheyets consists of tea gardens of the northern part of the block recorded more cultivable land less

64 families. While, the lowest cultivable land less families has been recorded in Jhar Altagram [[ GP (1.87%) foll owed by Gadang I (2.49%), and Salbari 11 GP (2.65%).

C astf' ' Vise Cultivable Land Lf'ss Family iu G .P. of D hupguri Block

4500 • S.C. • s.T. O.B.C. • Minority Caste Hindu <1000 3500 ~ 3000 ~ 2500 'o 2000 ~ 1500 ~ 1000 500 0

Figure 4.1 3 Caste wise Fami ly of Gram Pancheyets without Cu ltivable land

Caste composition of cultivable land less family in different gram pancheyets has been demonstrated in fi gure 4.13. High concentration of ST cultivable land less family has been recorded in the tea garden dominated GPs like Banarhat I, Banarhat II , Binnaguri and

T a bl e 4 7 Ca s t e wtse Fam11 ·1 y o fG ram p anc he yes w1" th out C u Iftv a ble Ian d Name of Gram Number of Agricultural Land Less Families Pancheyets Family S.C. S.T. O.B.C. Minority Caste Hindu Banarhat I 6008 662 2205 581 313 720 Banarhat II 4246 543 2917 137 224 375 Barogharia 5826 888 l 71 494 32 Binnaguri 5041 48 851 254 117 50 Cham urchi 6062 51 2180 79 38 157 Gadang I 408 1 363 8 89 317 2 Gadang II 3300 898 35 163 101 115 Gadhairkuthi 4688 1421 114 12 183 21 Jhar Alta_gram I 497 1 1545 36 57 62 109 Jhar Altagram II 2277 509 9 53 6 8 Magurmari I 3768 1208 76 153 361 73 Magurmari II 3654 1446 33 23 190 70 Sakojhora I 6425 1246 909 127 455 582 Sakoj hora II 3822 947 46 46 584 92 Sa lbari I 336 1 966 216 34 227 127 Sa lbari II 2820 354 6 52 76 340 Total 7035 0 13095 9642 1931 3748 2873 Based on CCA report & Vrllage Regrstrar 2004-2008. NRDMS Centre, Jalpargurr

65 Chamurchi GP. In contrast, the concentration of land less SC community has been found in the GPs characterized by agrarian economy i.e., Gadhairkuthi, Jhar Altagram I, II, Magurmari I, II , Gadang II, Barogharia, Salbari I etc. Large concentration of cultivable land less caste Hindu fam il y has been identified in Banarhat I, II and Sakojhora I GP. Concentration ofOBC land less fam ily has been identified in Banarhat I and Binnaguri GP. The major concentration of minority land less family has been recorded in Barogharia, Gadang I and Sakojhora II GP.

4.2. 4 Animal Resources Status of Gram Pancheyets

Animal resources constitute one of the most important supportive economic activities at household level towards attaining economic sustenance. Gram Pancheyet wise status of domestic animal of Dhupguri block has been tabulated in table 4.8 and diagrammatically represented in fi gures 4.14, 4. 15, 4.16 and 4.17).

Family Cnste C'omposlltloo of 0 1\lltl sbiJ>o fC'ow & Fn mlly Caste Composition of 01meshlp or Goats and Buffnlowtn Dbupemt Block SllHps In Dhu~u rt Block

•Mmonl'/ • caste Hindu

Figure 4.14 Ownership of Cow and Buffalo Figure 4.15 Ownership of Goat and Sheep

4.2. 4.1 Cow and Buffalo

Cow and buffalo constitute the most important domestic and supportive animal resource in rural agrarian economy of Dhupguri block. Out of total 84,902 cows and buffalo during the survey period (2004-06), 60% owned by the family belongs to the SC community. Interestingly, the C community constitutes 50% of the total family that owned 60% of the total animal resources in the block. Conversely, the ST communities owned only 14% of the total cows and buffalo in spite of the fact that ST community constitutes 22% of the total fa mily in the block. Thus, it is very clear that the ST community lacks in animal resources as alternative/supportive economic activity. The minority community holds 12% of the total cows and buffalo against their total share of 13%. The OBC comm unity share 7% of the total and caste Hindu family accounts for 7% of the tota l.

66 Table 4.8 G.P. Wise distribution of Cow, Buffalos, Goat and Sheep in Dhupguri block

NameofGram Cow and Buffalo Population Goat and Sheep Population Pancheyets Caste Caste S.C. S.T. O.B.C. Minority Hindu S.C. S.T. O.B.C. Minority Hindu Banarhat I 977 1145 525 191 474 678 1415 265 195 373 Banarhat II 304 2567 148 229 712 279 2413 146 205 583 Barogharia 7133 84 502 1692 375 4807 37 424 1088 130 Binnaguri 122 2103 56 1090 131 144 623 14 773 80 Chamurchi 393 2018 740 151 343 200 1381 485 71 291 Gadang I 4283 67 1155 1103 46 2365 29 707 703 29 Gadang II 4687 10 355 288 53 2477 9 148 185 42 Gadhairkuthi 5985 125 59 398 26 4317 310 19 307 70 Jhar Altagram I 7348 1071 675 465 346 3473 490 437 103 135 Jhar Altagram II 2588 296 118 119 69 1842 1491 126 125 38 Magurmari I 3998 118 582 546 164 2566 84 364 546 76 Magurmari II 3466 131 230 492 630 2386 44 112 392 88 Sakojhora I 2631 1474 129 773 769 1231 757 103 368 273 Sakojhora II 3774 303 165 1621 70 2392 168 125 883 59 Salbari I 331 36 363 107 1380 1656 202 1930 457 250 Salbari II 2724 733 262 490 470 588 369 70 49 92 Total 50744 12281 6064 9755 6058 31401 9822 5475 6450 2609 Based on CCA report & V1/lage Registrar 2004-2008. NRDMS Centre, Jalpmgun

4.2. 4.2 Goats and Sheep

Goats and sheep constitute another important domestic and supportive animal resource in rural agrarian economy ofDhupguri block. Out of total 111,514 Goats and Sheep during the survey period (2004-06), 56% owned by the family belongs to the SC community. Interestingly, the SC community constitutes 50% of the total family that owned 56% of the total animal resources in the block. Conversely, the ST communities owned only 18% of the total Goats and Sheep in spite of the fact that ST community constitutes 22% of the total family in the block. Thus, it is very clear that the ST community lacks in animal resources as alternative/supportive economic activity. The minority community holds II% of the total cows and buffalo against their total share of 13%. The OBC community share 10% of the total and caste Hindu family accounts for only 5% of the total.

4.2. 4.3 Birds including Chicken and Duck

Chickens and Ducks constitute another important domestic and supportive animal resource in rural agrarian economy of Dhupguri block. Out of total 130,798 Chickens and Ducks during the survey period (2004-06), 48% owned by the family belongs to the SC

67 Chickens and Ducks constitute another important domestic and supportive an imal resource in rural agrarian economy of Dhupguri block. Out of total 130.798 Chickens and Ducks during the survey period (2004-06), 48% owned by the fa mi ly belongs to the SC community. Interestingly, the ST community constitutes 22% of the total family but owned 26% of the total Chickens and Ducks in the block. Thus, it is very clear that the Chickens and Ducks are more commonly raised by the ST community as alternative/supporti ve economic activity. The minority community holds 12% of the total Chickens and Ducks against their total share of 13%. The OBC community share 9% of the total and caste Hindu family accounts for only 5% of the total (Table 4.9).

Family Ct It Composition of Ol111tshlp of BIJ'ds F~ mt~· Caslt Compo Ilion or Olmtshlp or ~s In (Chlcktn & Duck5} h1 Dbupgml Block Dhupglll'l Block

• K • K • ST • ST ooc ooc • Mmontv • M1nontv • Caste Htndu • Caste Hindu

Figure 4.16 Chicken and Duck Population Figure 4. 17 Chicken and Duck Population

T a bl e 4 9 G .P. w·t se d'I Stn ' b UtiOn . 0 f Ch't c ke n, Du c k and p·tg popu I at1. on .m Dh up gun. bl ock Name of Gram Chicken and Duck Population Pig Population Pancheycts Caste I Caste S.C. S.T. O.B.C. Minorit)' Hindu S.C. S.T. O.B.C. Minorit)' Hindu Banarhat I 2859 7289 1344 900 1420 205 560 172 0 1: Banarhat II 812 6562 320 530 1092 82 360 14 0 Barogharia 100 17 11 5 831 2476 336 470 20 9 0 Binnaguri 512 4726 11 2 2152 550 144 617 89 0 • Cham urchi 1188 5339 2153 343 953 378 334 73 0 • Gadang I 5407 70 2335 1692 44 294 39 7 4 Gadang II 4475 38 213 796 25 207 7 10 0 Gadhairkuthi 4171 107 7 392 12 254 31 2 0 Jhar Altagram I 7889 11 03 759 443 269 14 1 46 10 0 Jhar Altagram II 5534 3692 1289 209 187 170 111 24 0 Magurmari I 3343 199 375 11 33 170 70 10 3 0 Magurmari II 3434 10 290 688 200 77 27 2 Sakojhora I 4965 3163 655 1323 1148 286 329 4 1 l : Sakojhora II 4215 338 173 1456 58 221 28 9 3 Salbari I 192 2 3 0 9 168 48 9 0 Salbari II 4406 1063 406 663 629 115 172 1 0 Total 63419 3381 6 11 265 15196 7102 3282 2739 438 8 4: Based on CCA report & l'tllage Regtstrar 200./-2008, NRDMS Centre, Jalpatgurt

68 4.2. 4.4 Pigs

Pigs constitute another important domestic and supportive and income generating animal resource in ru ral agrarian economy of Dhupguri block. Out of total 13,890 Pigs during the survey period (2004-06), 47% owned by the fami ly belongs to the SC community. Conversely, the T communities owned about 40% of the total Pi g resource of the block in spite of the fact that T community constitutes 22% of the total family in the block. Thus, it is very clear that the ST com munity prefers Pigs as supportive and income generating animal resource. The OBC community share 6% of the total and caste Hindu family accounts for only 7% of the total Pigs of the block (Table 4.9 and Figure 4.17)).

4.2.5 Land Resource Patterns

As it has already mentioned that Dhupguri block is endowed with rich natural resources including its vast fertile land and soil, priceless forest resources, natural wetlands and vast tracts of rich tea gardens. However, under the present context of PRls development plan only the three areas i.e., arable land, ponds and fallow lands have been considered to be important from the point of view of development planning. Also the PRis has full control on the aspects of further development of such resources on sustainable basis for the overall improvement of its stakeholders.

4.2.5.1 Arable Land

On ly 31.05% of the total geograph ica l area of Dhupguri block has been identified as arable land which comprises of 17766.46 hectare. The gram pancheyet wise distribution of arable land has been tabulated in table 4.1 0 and diagrammatically represented in figure 4.20 .

•-\1 nbl~ Lnuclln Hl'clm I' Itt G t am P:tndttyrls lu D hiii>gmi Block

Figure 4.20 Gram pancheyet wise distribution of arable land in Dhupguri block.

69 Table 4.10 Gram Pancheyet Wise Arable land, Ponds and Fallow land in Dhupguri Block

Name of Gram Area in Arable Land Ponds Fallow Land Pancheyets Hectare Hectare In% Hectare % Hectare % Banarhat I 4162.07 320.81 7.71 16.96 0.41 0.33 0.01 Banarhat II 4479.74 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Barogharia 3837.93 2030.23 52.90 86.89 2.26 18.29 0.48 Binnaguri 4918.24 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Chamurchi 4440.86 15.44 0.35 0 0.00 0 0.00 Gadang I 3973.14 1650.08 41.53 54.44 1.37 46.4 1.17 Gadang II 2200.34 1162.96 52.85 64.74 2.94 26.78 1.22 Gadhairkuthi 3386.41 1599.75 47.24 80.9 2.39 43.58 1.29 Jhar Altagram I 3894.94 2497.84 64.13 156.63 4.02 144.5 3.71 Jhar Altagram II 3432.56 0 0.00 0 0.00 69.19 2.02 Magurmari I 2239.17 1471.16 65.70 37.45 1.67 103.81 4.64 Magurmari II 2521.13 1482.35 58.80 25.1 1.00 12.6 0.50 Sakojhora I 3562.76 1806.6 50.71 12.74 0.36 22.12 0.62 Sakoihora II 2617.7 1554.12 59.37 47.56 1.82 I20.28 4.59 Salbari I 5670.75 I305.68 23.02 I4.87 0.26 67.8 1.20 Salbari II 1887.25 869.44 46.07 55.97 2.97 II9.14 6.3I Total 57224.99 I7766.46 31.05 654.25 I.I4 794.82 1.39 Based on CCA report & Vtllage Regtstrar 2004-2008. NRDMS Centre, Jalpmgun

It is interesting to note that out of the I 6 gram pancheyets in Dhupguri block four gram pancheyets have no arable land at all as they are completely occupied by tea estates namely, Banarhat II, Binnaguri and Jhar Altagram II. In Chamurchi GP only 0.35% of total land has been found available for arable farming and in Banarhat I gram pancheyet only 7. 7 I% of land is under arable faming and in fact the considerable area of these GPs has been occupied by tea gardens. On the other hands the largest coverage of arable land is recorded in Magurmari I (65.70%), closely followed by Jhar Altagram I (64.I3%), Sakojhora II (59.37%), Magurmari II (58.80%), Barogharia (52.90%), Gadang II (52.85%)and Sakojhora I GP (50.71%).

4.2.5.2 Ponds

Water bodies particularly that of ponds often plays an important role in providing necessary supportive economic activities in the rural socio-economic set-up. Field survey during 2004-06 in Dhupguri block under CCA network at gram pancheyet level gathered the necessary information and which has been tabulated in table 4.10 and diagrammatically represented in figure 4.21. Only 1.14% of the total geographical area of Dhupguri block is occupied by ponds again its spatial distribution is also also founc;l highly irregular. It is

70 interesting to note that four G.Ps. has no recorded pond i.e., Banarhar II, Binnaguri, Chamurchi and Jhar Altagram II. These are basically dominated by elevated terraces and land use is characterised by tea plantation. The largest concentration of ponds has been recorded in Jhar Altagram I G.P. which account for 156.63 hectare that covers 4.02% of its total area. This has been followed by Baroghoria (86.89 hectare), Gadhairkuthi (80.9 hectare) and Gadang II (64.74 hectare).

DlstrlbuUon of Ponds In Gram Panclleyets of Dllupgurl Bloclt

160

140 110 . ~0 100 :1i ;-- .s 80 " 60 ~ 40 - 1- - r-- - 20 .Iii - 1- - - .__ !ll g LtJ_ 0 - - - =:=I 7

Figure 4.21 Gran pancheyet wise distribution of Ponds in Dhupguri block

4.2.5.3 Fallow Land

Fallow lands often play an important role in providing necessary space for innovative development plane implementation exercise as supportive economic and income generating activities in the rural socio-economic set-up under the PRis. Field survey during 2004-06 in Dhupguri block under CCA network at gram pancheyet level gathered the necessary information and which has been tabulated in table 4.10 and diagrammatically represented in figure 4.22. Only 1.39% of the total geographical area of Dhupguri block is identified as fallow land again its spatial distribution is also also found highly irregular. It is interesting to note that four G.Ps. has no recorded any fallow land i.e., Banarhat I, Banarhar II, Binnaguri and Chamurchi. These are basically dominated by tea plantation and under more organised and developed sector of economic activities. The largest concentration of fallow land ponds has been recorded in Jhar Altagram I G.P. which account for I44.5 hectare that covers 3.71% of its total area. This has been followed by Sakojhora II (I20.28 hectare), Salbari II (I I9.14 hectare) and Magurmari I (103.8I hectare).

71 Distribution of Fallow Land in Gram Pancheyets of Dhupguri Blocl{

160 140 UD ,---- - r----- ~0 100 - :ll 1-- - .s so • •• r- . i- - i- ~ ,. - i- r- '-- - r- __ :J: __ - r- r- r- - r- "D Jb =!::: ~ ±1: = =!7

4.3 Socio-economic Status of Dhupguri Municipality

4.3.1 Growth of the Municipality

The growth of Dhupguri town is found impressive since the past half century. The past population record of the villages under present Dhupguri municipality has been accessed from the Census reports since 1961 as shown in the following table (No.4. II).

Table No. 4.11: Population Growth in Dhupguri Municipal area. Year Population Annual Growth Rate % 1961 10637 - 1971 16808 5.801 1981 23098 3.742 1991 30375 3.150 2001 38130 2.553 2008 50258 4.544

Dhupguri recorded 5 fold increases in its population over the past half century. The biggest growth has been recorded in between 1961 to·1971 which has been recorded to be 5.801% per year. The year in between 1991 to 2001 recorded the lowest growth rate of only 2.553% per annum. However, the municipal area of Dhupguri recorded an impressive 4.544% growth rate since the year 2001 (Dhupguri Municipality 2009).

72 4.3.1.2 Projected Population

Population projection has been attempted based on standard methods and has been represented in the table 4.12. The total population of Dhupguri municipality will cross the threshold of 100 thousand marks by the year 2023. By the year 2025, the total population ofDhupguri municipality will touch.double the number of that of the present. Thus, will be a hundred percent increase in population by the next 16 years only. Such an impressive expected population in Dhupguri municipality by year 2025 requires additional infrastructure to absorb the tremendous expected pressure to the multifarious urban services to be provided by the municipal authority. ·

Table No. 4.12: Projected Population ofDhupguri municipal area up to 2025 Year Population Additional Population No. ofHousehold Additional Household 2001 38010 - 7909 - 2008 50258 12248 10850 2941 2011 57624 19614 12110 4201 2021 90254 32630 18542 6432 2025 112494 22240 22332 3790 Data based on 2001 Census, Data based on Mumctpal.. SociO-economtc Survey of Households

4.3.1.3 Ward-Wise Projected Population

Ward-wise projected population growth in Dhupguri municipality also show a wide variety in its spatial distribution (table 4.13). The ward-wise population by the year 2025 will be different than that of2008. The ward no. 16 (1·1,477 persons) will be the most populated word in Dhupguri municipality followed by the ward 4 (11,477 persons) by the year 2025. It is surprising that projected population in ward 14 shows marginal negative growth of population. The socio-economic survey 2008, the data bank for the present analysis should be thoroughly verified before arriving any conclusion. Similar verification should also

be don~ in case of ward no. 12. Ward-wise projected population growth has been tabulated in the fcl:lowing table 4.13. "! .,,_

7.3.1.4 Projected Ward-wise Density Distribution

Ward-wise projected population density in Dhupguri municipality also show a wide variety in its spatial distribution (table 4.13 & figure 4.23). The ward no. 5 will be the

73 most densely populated among the wards of Dhupguri municipality with proj ected density of 30,356 persons/sq. km . by the year 2025 followed by 19789 persons/sq. km in ward no. 4 & 5. In wide contrast the projected population density by the year 2025 will be the lowest in wa rd no. I with only 3 102 persons/sq. km foll owed by 3364 persons/sq. km in ward no. I, 4 167 persons/sq. km in ward 15 and 4368 in ward 2.

T a ble 4 13 Wa r d -wtse p ro.1.ec ted Po pu Ia t10. n o f Dh upgun munt.c .tp a I area up to 2025 Ward Area of the Popu lation Population Density No. Ward 200 1 20 11 202 1 2025 200 1 20 11 2021 2025 I 2. 12 2,940 4224 6070 7131 1387 1993 2863 3364 2 1.96 1,890 3480 6407 8562 964 1775 3269 4368 3 0.53 2.224 2841 3628 4030 4196 5359 6845 7604 4 0.58 1,72 1 3683 7883 11477 2967 6350 13591 19789 5 0.27 2,477 4029 6554 8196 9174 14922 24272 30356 6 0.3 1 1,878 2860 4355 5266 6058 9226 14050 16989 7 0.66 2,600 4094 6446 7927 3939 6203 9766 12010 8 1.0 I 2.125 3248 4964 60 13 2104 32 16 49 15 5954 9 2.48 2.737 4172 6359 7692 1104 1682 2564 3102 10 0.60 2.235 3807 6483 8307 3725 6344 10805 13844 II 0.42 2.3 12 3539 5417 6567 5505 8426 12899 15637 12 0.30 2,556 3087 3729 4039 8520 10291 12431 13464 13 0.52 1.964 2952 4438 533 1 3777 5678 8535 10252 14 0.23 2,605 2550 2495 2474 11326 11085 10849 10757 15 1.52 3.458 4436 5690 6334 2275 29 18 3743 4167 16 1.46 2.288 4622 9337 11477 1567 3166 6395 9005 14.9 38.0 10 57624 90254 112494 255 1 3849 6029 7515 • A fier countmg Average Annua l Growth Rate of popul atiO n [(PopulatiOn of 2008)-(Populatlon of200 I )17]

WARD-WISE PROJECTED POPULATION DENSITY IN DHUPGURil\IUNICIPALin· 35000

• 2001 • 2011 2021 • 2025

Figure No. 4.23 Ward-wise Projected Population Density

74 4.3.2 Demographic Scenario

Present area of Dhupguri Municipality is I 4.9 Sq. Km. inclusive of 0.35 Sq. Km. added area from Gosaihat mauza in ward no. I, 3 and 4. Total number of households has been estimated to be I 0850 as per the survey of 2008. Total population was 50258 persons out of which 27096 male and 23162 was female population. Total number of literate persons was 47,886 as Socio-economic survey 2008. The total number of wards in Dhupguri municipality is I 6. The ward no. 9 is the largest covering an area of 248 hectares and the ward no. I 4 is the smallest covering an area of only 23 hectares. The overall size of the wards under Dhupguri municipality has been shown in table 4.14.

Table No 4.14: Ward-wise demographic details ofDhupguri block**

Ward Area No of Population Population Sex Ratio Illiterate No. in Sq House Per Total M F Density Person F Person % KM hold Household I 2.12 829 4.55 3769 2107 1662 1778 1126 888 367 9.74 2 1.96 601 4.75 2855 1499 1355 1457 1052 951 275 9.63 3 0.53 580 4.54 2633 1387 1246 4968 1055 948 59 2.24 4 0.58 597 4.80 2866 1580 1286 4941 1108 902 57 1.99 5 0.27 802 4.31 3449 1849 1600 12774 1075 930 189 5.48 6 0.31 527 4.75 2503 1361 1142 8074 1091 916 Ill 4.43 7 0.66 798 4.44 3543 1948 1595 5368 1105 905 108 3.05 8 1.01 594 4.78 2839 1570 1269 2811 1112 899 169 5.95 9 2.48 762 4.79 3650 1979 1671 1472 1088 919 189 5.18 10 0.60 684 4.69 3208 1678 1530 5347 1048 955 87 2.71 II 0.42 681 4.54 3092 1526 1566 7362 987 1013 88 2.85 12 0.30 659 4.42 2913 1482 1431 9710 1018 983 Ill 3.81 13 0.52 569 4.56 2595 1446 1149 4990 1122 892 41 1.58 14 0.23 569 4.51 2566 1415 1151 11157 1109 902 89 3.45 15 1.52 838 4.90 4106 2237 1869 2701 1094 914 282 6.87 16 1.46 760 4.83 3671 2033 1638 2514 1114 898 132 3.60 14.9* 10850 4.63 50258 27096 23162 3373 1082 924 2372 4.72 *inc/usrve of added area; **Based on Soc10-economtc Survey Report, 2008

4.3.2.1 Population

The present population of Dhupguri municipality is 50,258 persons as per the record of 2008 Socio-economic Survey. The male population accounts for 53.91% and the female accounts only 46.09% of the total population of Dhupguri municipality. The ward­ wise distribution of population is found highly uneven with the largest concentration of 4, I 06 persons in ward 15 and only 2,503 persons in ward no. 6. The table 4.14 shows the population size of different wards in Dhupguri municipality.

75 4.3.2.1.1 Population Density:

Mean density of population in Dhupguri municipality is 3,371 persons/sq. km. as per 2008 socio-economic survey. Ward-wise population density as reported is highly uneven. The highest population density of 12,774 persons/sq.km. is recorded in ward no. 5, while the lowest of I ,457 persons/sq.km. is recorded in ward no. 2. The spatial ward-wise density distribution of population is represented in figure no. 4.24.

It is interesting to note that ...... POPULATION DENSITY OF DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008) the wards having primarily agrarian nature like ward nos. 1, 2 and 9 recorded very low "" population density ( <2000 persons/sq.km). The wards t having mixed land use like 3, 4, 8, 15 and 16 recorded also low density (<5000 persons/sq.km). The highly urbanized and build-up area in ward nos. 5 & 14 recorded ,. ...,.. high density (> 10,000 persons/sq.km). While, the - <2000 moderately urbanized D 2001 -4ooo 0 4001~000 1 0 5 0 1 ~*' residential area of wards 6, 7, D eoo1..sooo 10, 11 and 12 recorded - 8001-10000 ·--=·--=--- 10001 -12000 moderate density between - >12001 5,000 to 10,000 persons/sq.km. Figure No. 4.24 Ward-wise Population Density (persnslsq.km)

4.3.2.1.2 Sex Ratio:

Sex ratio is an important denominator of socio-economic stage of development in an urban centre. It is very interesting to analyze the sex ratio of Dhupguri municipal area since the past half century. The past data has been accessed from the Census India since 1961

76 onward. The progressive improving of sex ratio is noticed from an alarming 736 female per 1000 male population in 1961 to 924 female per 1000 male population (Figure 4.25 & 4.26).

NUMBER OF FEMALE CHILDREN PER 1000 MALE SEX RATIO (NUMBER OF FEMALE/1000 MALE) OF CHILD OF DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008) DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008)

Legend 0 <1100 - 801-825 - ezs.eeo - e51-875 - VT&-1000 !..· -= ·=-:...II::::J·--1- - >1000 !..- -=· -.:.-=-· --·-

Figure 4.25. Female Children Figure 4.26. Sex Ratio

The ward-wise distribution of sex ratio is also found uneven and has been depicted in the figure nos. 4.25 & 4.26. Highly positive sex ratio of 1013 female/1000 persons is reported in ward no. 13, while the most negative sex ratio of 888 fernale/1000 male is reported in the ward no. 1.

4.3.2.2 Education Status:

The Government/Government aided education infrastructure of Dhupguri municipality includes: 15 Primary Schools, 1 Junior Basic School, 6 S.S.P. Centres, 3 High/H.S. Schools including 1 Girl's High School and 1 Degree College. It is interesting to note that 4 out of 16 wards have no Govt./Govt. Aided Primary schools in Dhupguri municipality these includes ward nos. 3, 6, 7 and 8. The strength of students in primary education in Dhupguri municipality was 4473 in 2008 and the actual student has been reported to be 4255. The strength of students in High/H.S. education in Dhupguri municipality was 898 in 2008 and actual student has been reported to be 898.

77 Data related to literacy rate of Dhupguri municipal area has been accessed from the Census report since 1961. As impressive increase in literacy rate has been achieved since the past half century. In the year 1971, only 51.04% of the total population was literate which improves rather slugheshly to 59.04% by the year 1991. This is followed by an impressive increase to 71.94% by 2001 and further accellerated to 95.32% as per the Socio-economic survey 2008.

4.3.2.2.1 Literacy Rate

Ward-wise literacy rate of Dhupguri municipality has been tabulated in the table 4.15. Ward No. 13 is the most literate among the wards in Dhupguri municipality which accounts 98.42% of the total population closely followed by ward no. 4 with 98.1 %. While, ward no I is the least literate among the wards in Dhupguri municipality with 90.26% closely followed by the ward no. 2 with 90.37%.

Table No. 4.15: Ward-wise Literacy· in Dhupguri Municipality Ward No. Population Literate % of Literacy I 3769 3402 90.26 2 2855 2580 90.37 3 2633 2574 97.76 4 2866 2809 98.01 5 3449 3260 94.52 6 2503 2392 95.57 7 3543 3435 96.95 8 2839 2670 94.05 9 3650 3461 94.82 10 3208 3121 97.29 II 3092 3004 97.15 12 2913 2802 96.19 13 2595 2554 98.42 14 2566 2477 96.53 15 4106 3824 93.13 16 3671 3539 96.40 Total 50258 47904 95.32 Based on Socw-econom1c Survey Report, 2008

4.97% of the total adult population is still illiterate in Dhupguri municipality as per the 2008 Socio-economic survey. The regional distribution of illiteracy in Dhupguri municipality has been represented in figure no. 4.27. Clear concentration of adult illiterate people has been identified in ward nos. I, 2 and 15. Perhaps these are the least developed part

78 in Dhupguri municipality. The agrarian economy is still dominated in these areas where farming is the sole occupation. Municipal infrastructure is still scanty as such there exist hardly any pucca road, drainage and sewerage system as well as safe drinking water supply.

CONCENTRATION OF ILLITERATE POPULATION IN PERCENT TO TOTAL POPULATION (2008)

Legend "" 0 <2 0 2-4 - 4-6 t

-6-8-8-1 0

1·- -=0 --=5 =-0 --·1 KllometetS

Figure 4.27 Concentration of illiterate people in Dhupguri municipality

Land use is still dominated by agriculture which covers above 90% of total area. Rural appearance has been very prominent in terms the presence of clusters of settlement amidst arable land in these wards. Only a few people in urbanized wards of Dhupguri have been identified as illiterate. In fact, illiteracy increases with the decreasing urbanization.

4.3.2.2.2 School Education

School education m Dbupguri municipality is by and large dominated by Government aided schools which accounts 79% of the total. Private schools constitute 20% of the total and only 1% may be classified under others category (Figure 4.28).

79 TYPE OF SCHOOLS ATTENDED BY C HILDREN IN DHlfPCliRJ l\Ill"NIC IPALITY

• GOVT. SCHOOLS • PRIVAT[ SCIIOOLS

O THERS

Figure 4.28 : Types of Schools attended by Children in Dbupguri

Over 79% of the total children studies in Government Aided Schools. The spatial ward-wise distribution of children studying in Govt. and Govt. Aided Schools has been shown in the figure no 19. 98% ofthe total Children studies in Govt./Govt. Aided Schools in Ward no. 2 followed by 83% in ward no. 14. Only 66% of the total school going children enrolled in Govt./Govt. Aided Schools followed by 73% in ward no. 8. Only 20% of the total school going children enrolled in private Schools in different wards in Dhupguri municipality. The spatial ward-wise distribution of children studying in private Schools has been shown in the figures 4.28 and 4.29 and 4 .30. Largest number of school going children enrolled in private school in ward no. 12 which accounts 34% of the total. The least number is reported from the ward no. 2 that accounts only 2% of the total.

Ta bl e 7 16 T. ypeso fS c h oo s atten d e db'Y Ch'ldr1 enm Dbupgurt Ward % of Children in % of Children in % of Children in No of Children < 14 yr No. Govt. Schools Private Schools Other Schools not Going_to School l 79 20 I 75 2 98 2 0 87 3 79 20 1 53 4 76 24 0 31 5 80 20 0 8 6 79 20 1 48 7 78 20 2 62 8 73 27 0 133 9 79 20 1 69 10 82 17 1 26 11 79 20 1 62 12 66 34 0 25 13 79 20 1 52 14 83 14 3 108 15 79 20 1 76 16 79 20 1 69 .. Data based on Mumc1pa/ Socw-econom1c Survey

80 CHILDREN STUDYING IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN CHILDREN STUDYING IN GOVT. AIDED SCHOOLS IN PERCENT OF DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008) PERCENT OF DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008)

• ·$· •

Legend - <70

- 7().80 - 110-90 1 oooiii-ciS:...co___ •__ - >90 ·-ii-.:::::li':.-=:o... _lli 'ooo-.

Fig 4.29 Children Studying in Private School Fig 4.30 Children Studying in Govt. School

4.3.2.2.3 Dropout/Non-attending School

984 children below 14 years age of Dhupguri municipality reported not to attending schools from all the 16 wards. The spatial ward-wise distribution of children not to attending schools has been shown in the figure 4.31. It is a matter of grave concern that 12.47% of the total eligible students in Dhupguri municipality are reported not attending school. The situation is worst in ward no. 14 where one in every three eligible children reported not attending school which needs immediate attention. This is closely followed in the ward no. 8 where 27.37% of the total eligible students are not attending school. Situation is much better in ward no. 5 where only 1.69% of the total eligible students are not attending schools closely followed by 5.49% in ward no. 4.

Causes of Dropout

The socio-economic survey of 2008 also reveals some interesting findings on the causes behind the dropout and for not attending schools by the eligible children in different wards of Dhupguri municipality. Economic constraint has been found responsible for dropout/non-attending schools among the 73.45% ofthe total. In some wards like 2, 5, 10 and

81 16 it is reported to be sole cause for dropout/non-attending school. Lack of awareness is found responsible for about 12.32% of such dropout/ non-attending schools. Lack of awareness is found very acute in ward no.12 which alone responsible for 66.67% of such total cases.

DROP OUT IN PERCENT TO TOTAL CHILDREN OF DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008)

Legend

~llci o.:_ll::::o.___ , ....._.

Figure No. 4.31 School drop-out in Dhupguri municipality

Child labour is also found responsible for quite a large number of such dropouts which account to 10.38% of the total. The problem is reported to be very acute in ward no. 14 where 38.46% of the dropout/non-attending school is caused by child labour. The situation is very grave that need immediate attention.

C'AliSES FOR DROP OUT IN DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY

• ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 4% • DISTANCE OF SCHOOL

• LACK OF AWARENESS

• CH ILD LABOUR

Figure 4.32: Causes of Dropout in Dhupguri

82 Distance of school from the residence is relatively a minor issue in dropout/non­ attendjng schools which accounts only 3.85% of the total. It is reported that the problem of distance is only acute in case of ward no 8 where 20% dropout/non-attending case is due to long distance of schools (figure 4.33).

4.3.2.3 Ward-wise Children Details

15.7% of the total population in Dhupguri block belongs to the category of Children of below l 0 years age. Highest percentage of child population is found in ward no. 4 with 19.71% closely followed by ward no. 2 with 19.05%. Lowest concentration of child population is recorded in ward no. 5 with 13 .7 1%, closely followed by 14.04% in ward no. 12. Ward-wise child ratio in Dhupguri municipality has been represented in figure no 4.33 and table 4.17......

PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN TO TOTAL POPULATION DHUPGURI MUNICIPALITY (2008)

legend 0<14 - 14-16 - 1 ~ 1 8 - 18-20

1·- -==-05--==---- 0 1 KIIomelers

...... Figure 4.33 Children population in percent to total in Dhupguri municipality

83 Table 4.17: Ward-wise Children Details in Dhupguri Municipality

Ward No. Below 10 Year Population Male Female Total 1 305 298 603 2 280 264 . 544 3 213 209 422 4 303 262 565 5 201 273 473 6 194 190 383 7 276 262 538 8 252 234 486 9 280 274 554 10 248 229 477 I I 250 245 495 12 I97 212 409 13 209 205 4I4 14 192 I73 365 15 308 302 609 I6 279 274 553 Based on Socw-economlc Survey Report, 2008

Sex Ratio of Children

The Socio-economic survey 2008 reveals further improvement in child sex ratio in Dhupguri municipality which has been estimated to be 980 female children per 1000 male. The spatial distribution of child sex ratio has been represented in figure 4.33.

It is interesting to note that the number of female children per 1000 male wasl358 in ward no. 5 which is followed by I 076 in ward no. 12. High negative child sex ratio is noticed in ward no. 4 with only 865 female children per 1000 male followed by 90 I in ward no. I 4. Both the wards need special attention in dealing with social justice and women development programme. Perhaps, many of the residents of ward no. 5 belong to working groups mostly settled from the outsides. The migrant nature of the dwellers of the ward is rightly reflected by the male dominated households. Conversely, out-migration for better job opportunity from the ward no. I has been reflected in ward no. I and 4.

4.4 Conclusions

Being strongly influenced by the physical set-up Dhupguri block demonstrates a unique example of diverse level of human adaptation and appreciation of natural resources.

84 There have been three distinctively identifiable zones: i) vast tea garden belt of the northern half, b) rural agrarian area of the southern part and c) vast forest area of north eastern part. Each of the regions has its own level of resource appreciation and level of development. The highest level of intervention has been noticed in the tea garden area and the lowest in forest belt. The agrarian belt again shows varied degree of intervention as well as appreciation. It is interesting to note that the northern tea gardens and forest areas are dominated by schedule tribes while the southern agrarian belt is dominated by schedule caste population.

It reveals that tea garden dominated gram pancheyets recorded more number of school drop-out i.e., Banarhat I, & II, Chamurchi, Binnaguri and Sakojhora I GPs. In contrast the agrarian gram pancheyets like Gadang I, Magurmari II recorded less number of school drop-out.

Generally, the dominant occupation of southern part of the block is dominated by primary activities like cultivation and that of the northern part is dominated by secondary activities like tea garden workers. 46% of the total family has been identified as cultivators and another 40% of the total family has been identified as tea garden workers. 7% of the total family depends on business as dominant occupation and another 5% has been identified as dependent on Service sector. The remaining 2% has been identified as to be dependent on industry mostly small in sectors.

It is a matter of great concern that a huge number of over I2. 71 million man-days are found available per annum in Dhupguri block. This clearly exhibits the non-existence of any job opportunity in the villages other than already saturated arable farming and tea gardens. As a result 37% of the total family of Dhupguri block has been identified as economically backward and defined as BPL (Below Poverty Level).

Cow, buffalo and goat constitute the domestic and supportive animal resource in rural agrarian economy ofDhupguri block. Out of total 84,902 cows and buffalo 60% and out of 111,514 goats during the survey period (2004-06), 56% owned by the family belongs to the SC community. Interestingly, the SC community constitutes 50% of the total family that owned 60% of the total animal resources in the block. Conversely, the ST communities owned only 14% of the total cows and buffalo and 18% of goats in spite of the fact that ST community constitutes 22% of the total family in the block. Thus, it is very clear that the ST community lacks in animal resources as alternative/supportive economic activity.

85 Dhupguri municipality shows tremendous growth potential with its vast rapidly growing agrarian hinterland under the backdrop of its location advantage at the major transport node between Northeast and the rest of the country. The study demonstrates huge spatial disparity among the wards within the municipality. The municipality exhibits densely populated residential cum commercial establishments in some wards at the same time vast tracts of agrarian land with low density rural settlement in other wards.

It reveals the development has been taken place rapidly along the arterial routes i.e., the NH 31 and the SH (Falakata Road). Most of the commercial establishment i.e., shops, hotels, medical outlets, markets etc. are also located along the major transport routes. Socio­ economic analysis also reveals major shortcomings in terms of intervention vis-a-vis development in Dhupguri municipality. Unscientific, unplanned and myopic expansion of the town has already exerted tremendous stress to the urban environment. Inadequate infrastructure aggravates the problem further.

It is expected that the future development vis-a-vis expansion of Dhupguri municipality will take proper care of her vast and very dynamic agriculture sector which still the most important economic activity in municipal area. In fact, the commercial base of Dhupguri is also directly linked with the agro-products of the municipal area and its vast agrarian hinterland.

4.5 References

I. Census Report, 200 I; , Director of Census Operations, West Bengal, Kolkata.

2. Dhupguri Municipality 2009; Socioeconomic Survey report of Dhupguri Municipality, unpublished report.

3. District Statistical Hand Book 2004-2009; Jalpaiguri, Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Govt. of West Bengal.

4. Govt. of West Bengal; Development Plans of 2004-2009; unpublished report, District Collect orate, Jalpaiguri.

5. Govt. of West Bengal, 2004; CCA Report and Village Registrar, Dhupguri block, Jalpaiguri, unpublished report, District Collect orate, Jalpaiguri.

86 6. Human Development Report, 200I; UNDP, New York.

7. Kusari, A.M. et al. I98I; West Bengal District Gazetteer, Jalpaiguri district, Govt. of West Bengal.

8. Mitra, A. I95I; Census of India, 195I; District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Govt. of India.

9. Sanyal, C. C. et. al, (ed.) I970; Jalpaiguri District Centenary Souvenir (I869-I968), Jalpaiguri.

I 0. Sarkar, S & Subbiah, A, 2006; Development Challenges: Geo-ICT Infrastructure and Implementation Scenario of Geospatial Planning in Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, IRMA, Anand, 2006.

II. West Bengal Human Development Report, 2004; Development & Planning Department, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata.

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