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La Evolución Volcanotectónica Del Noroeste De México Durante El Ccenozoicoenozoico       

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La Evolución Volcanotectónica Del Noroeste De México Durante El Ccenozoicoenozoico        La evolución volcanotectónica del noroeste de México durante el CCenozoicoenozoico LA EVOLUCIÓN VOLCANOTECTÓNICA DEL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO DURANTE EL CENOZOICO: Una sección a lo largo de la autopista MEX 40D a través del campo volcánico de la Sierra Madre Occidental y datos acerca del magmatismo asociado a la extensión en la parte meridional de las provincias tectónicas de Cuencas y Sierras y del Golfo de California José Jorge Aranda-Gómez, Christopher D. Henry, Luca Ferrari, Fred W. McDowell y Martín Valencia-Moreno Todos los Derechos reservados © Número 1, octubre 2015 ISSN: en trámite edición especial bilingüe1 Guías de Excursiones Geológicas de México Esta es una publicación de la: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y el Centro de Geociencias. Todos los derechos reservados ©, ISSN en trámite. Octubre 2015. Patrocinadores: Aranda-Gómez, J,J., Henry, D.D., Ferrari, L., McDowell, F.W., Valencia-Moreno, M., 2015, La evolución volcanotectónica del noroeste de México durante el Cenozoico: Una sección a lo largo de la autopista MEX 40D a través del campo volcánico de la Sierra Madre Occidental y datos acerca del magmatismo asociado a la extensión en la parte meridional de las provincias tectónicas de Cuencas y Sierras y del Golfo de California: Guías de Excursiones Geológicas de México, núm. 1, edición especial bilingüe, 82 pp. Edición técnica y diseño: J. Jesús Silva Corona Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Blvd. Juriquilla No. 3001. Querétaro, 76230, México. 2 La evolución volcanotectónica del noroeste de México durante el Cenozoico LA EVOLUCIÓN VOLCANOTECTÓNICA DEL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO DURANTE EL CENOZOICO: Una sección a lo largo de la autopista MEX 40D a través del campo volcánico de la Sierra Madre Occidental y datos acerca del magmatismo asociado a la extensión en la parte meridional de las provincias tectónicas de Cuencas y Sierras y del Golfo de California CENOZOIC VOLCANIC-TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHWESTERN MEXICO: A transect across the Sierra Madre Occidental Volcanic Field along the toll road 40D and observations on extension-related magmatism in the southern Basin and Range and Gulf of California tectonic provinces Guías: / Co-Leaders José Jorge Aranda-Gómez Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México [email protected] Christopher D. Henry Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NEVADA 89557 [email protected] Luca Ferrari Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México [email protected] Fred W. McDowell Dept. of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TEXAS 78712 [email protected] Martín Valencia-Moreno Estación Regional del Noroeste Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Hermosillo, Son. 83240, México [email protected] 3 Guías de Excursiones Geológicas de México 4 La evolución volcanotectónica del noroeste de México durante el Cenozoico CONTENIDO Prólogo ........................................................................................................................................... ii Introducción .................................................................................................................................. 1 El Complejo Volcánico Inferior: batolito granítico y rocas asociadas ..................................... 2 Supergrupo Volcánico Superior: ignimbritas riolíticas del Campo Volcánico de la Sierra Madre Occidental .......................................................................................................... 6 Andesitas basálticas SCORBA del área de Durango .................................................................. 16 Extension Cuencas y Sierras y del Golfo de California durante el Cenozoico medio y tardío ............................................................................................................. 16 9XOFDQLVPRDOFDOLQRPi¿FRGHO&XDWHUQDULR .............................................................................. 34 Evolución de la composición de los magmas en el occidente de México: 42 de subducción a extensión de intra-placa ................................................................................... Descripción de las estaciones ........................................................................................................ 53 3ULPHUGtDVXUGH6LQDORDH[WHQVLyQ\DÀRUDPLHQWRVGHO&RPSOHMR9ROFiQLFR,QIHULRU .............. 54 Segundo día, extensión (continuación) y el Supergrupo Volcánico Superior ................................ 62 Tercer día la secuencia volcánica de Durango y la Caldera de Chupaderos y el &RPSOHMRGH0DDUHVOD%UHxD(O-DJXH\ ..................................................................................... 70 CONTENTS Prologue ii Introduction 1 Lower Volcanic Complex: granitic batholiths and associated volcanic rocks ............................. 3 Upper Volcanic Sequence: rhyolitic ignimbrites of the Sierra Madre Occidental Volcanic Field ................................................................................................................................. 7 Basaltic andesites (SCORBA) of the Durango area ..................................................................... 17 Mid-late Cenozoic extension of the Basin and Range and Gulf of California ............................ 17 4XDWHUQDU\PD¿FDONDOLFYROFDQLVP .............................................................................................. 35 Compositional evolution of magmatism in western Mexico: subduction to intraplate extension ........................................................................................................................ 45 Stop descriptions ............................................................................................................................53 First day southern Sinaloa: extension and lower volcanic complex ............................................. 55 Second day, extension (continued) and upper volcanic supergroup .............................................. 63 Third day, Durango volcanic sequence, Chupaderos caldera, and La Breña -El Jagüey Maar Complex ............................................................................................. 71 i Guías de Excursiones Geológicas de México PRÓLOGO El transecto geológico a través de la Sierra Madre Occidental y parte de la provincia tectónica de Cuencas \6LHUUDVHQ6LQDORD\'XUDQJRREMHWRGHHVWDH[FXUVLyQHVXQDYHUVLyQDFWXDOL]DGDGHH[FXUVLRQHVVLPLODUHV llevadas a cabo con anterioridad y que estuvieron asociadas a congresos internacionales que se realizaron en México en 1997 y 2003. Esta vez, gracias a la gentil invitación de la Asociación de Ingenieros de Minas, Metalurgistas y Geólogos de México, a través del Distrito Durango, brindamos la excursión como una actividad preliminar del 4o Congreso Tendencias de la Actividad Minera en México, que se llevó a cabo en Durango del 24 al 27 de agosto de 2014. Los libretos guía de las excursiones de 2003 y 2014 pueden ser considerados como la segunda y tercer ediciones del libreto guía original de 1997. Una buena parte del texto es el mismo, pero en cada edición nueva se trató de actualizar la primera parte del documento, que es un resumen extenso de lo que se conoce acerca de tema, incorporando los avances hechos en el conocimiento de la geología de la región, que se realizaron entre una edición y otra. Otras diferencias fundamentales entre las tres ediciones son que la primera excursión duró seis días, la segunda se programó para cinco días y la tercera para tres días. Consecuentemente, el número de ODVHVWDFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRR³SDUDGDV´HVGLVWLQWRHQFDGDGRFXPHQWR En esta tercera edición decidimos cambiar ligeramente el título del libreto guía, para hacer énfasis en que una buena parte de las estaciones de los dos primeros días son nuevas y se ubican a lo largo de la nueva autopista de cuota (carretera federal MEX 40D) en donde hay grandes cortes que muestran de manera espectacular muchas de las relaciones discutidas. Así mismo, durante nuestra visita preliminar a las estaciones del 2014 se colectaron muestras de roca para fechamientos de U-Pb, que fueron realizados por L. Ferrari en el Centro de Geociencias de OD81$0/RVUHVXOWDGRVSUHOLPLQDUHVGHHVWRVIHFKDPLHQWRVVHLQFOX\HQ\VXVLJQL¿FDGRVHGLVFXWHHQHOWH[WR Finalmente, todos los guías de la excursión estamos conscientes del posible uso didáctico que tienen los libretos guía. Por este motivo, decidimos que el libreto sería puesto a la disposición del público en inglés y cas- tellano. De esta manera, esperamos que los estudiantes de geología, geólogos profesionales y público en general SXHGDQHPSOHDUOR$~QPiVFDGDXQDGHODVHVWDFLRQHVGHOWLHQHFRRUGHQDGDVJHRJUi¿FDVTXHSXHGHQ programarse en un GPS, lo que facilita la ubicación exacta de las mismas, por lo que la guía puede emplearse de manera independiente, sin necesidad de la presencia de los guías. PROLOGUE The geological transect across the Sierra Madre Occidental and part of the Mexican Basin and Range SURYLQFHLQ6LQDORDDQG'XUDQJRZKLFKLVSUHVHQWHGLQWKLV¿HOGWULSLVDQXSGDWHGYHUVLRQRIVLPLODU¿HOGWULSV held in 1997 and 2003. This time, thanks to the generous support of the Asociación de Ingenieros de Minas, 0HWDOXUJLVWDV\*HyORJRVGH0p[LFR'LVWULWR'XUDQJRZHRIIHUHGWKH¿HOGWULSDVDSUHPHHWLQJDFWLYLW\RIWKH “4º Congreso Tendencias de la Actividad Minera en México”, held in Durango from August 24th to 27th, 2014. 7KH¿HOGWULSJXLGHERRNVSXEOLVKHGLQDQGVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGDVWKHVHFRQGDQGWKLUGHGL-
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