www.ukrweekly.com I HI" published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit associationl Ukrainian WeeklV Vol. LX No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1992 50 cents Ivan Dzyuba. critic of Russification, On eve of fourth congress appointed head of Culture Ministry Rukh: To be or not to be? said of those days: "Of course, I didn't by Irene Jarosewich lapping one another. Underlying ail mean anything anti-Soviet, I was deeply and Volodymyr Skachko three problems are the questions: concerned with the inadequacy of the Special to The Ukrainian Weekly "What should Rukh be? and "How slogans and the real state of affairs in KIEV - On December 4, Rukh, the should it function?" interethnic relations, and the effects Popular Movement of Ukraine will The most immediate problem, and in that had on the Ukrainian language and begin its fourth congress, many ways the simplest, is the decision whether Rukh will register as a political culture. I just could not keep silent and The organization that began as a pretend everything was OK." party. This decision must be made by supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev's January 1, 1993. He also spoke of his background: "...I perestroika three years ago, moved myself came to this awareness tof In July 1992, the Ukrainian Parlia­ quickly with the times and became an ment passed a law that requires all national identity! through the notion of advocate of Ukrainian independence, justice. I lived in the Donetske region, citizens' groups to register either as studied in a Russian school; we spoke the political ballast of the independence political parties, in which case they can Ukrainian in our family, with friends, and democratic movements during the not be involved in business or have any and the understanding was that the August 1991 coup, and an opposition financial support from outside Ukraine, mother tongue is a 'house' language, force to the entrenched bureaucracy of or as a civic organization, in which case while in the wider world, Russian was former Communist Party apparatchiks they would not be allowed to nominate spoken. Later I studied Russian philo­ still in place as newly independent or promote individual political candi­ logy at college, but I knew Ukrainian Ukraine began its path to nationhood. dates. well and never looked down at my However, one year into independ­ Until now, Rukh has been a "civic- native language. Consequently, 1 began ence, Rukh is at a critical juncture. The political" organization, which has given to wonder why Russian had a priority, organization, confronts three major it broad-based membership and sup­ while Ukrainian was considered se­ problems, each complicated and over- port. condary. Was it any worse? Why such Vyacheslav Chornovil, one of the co- injustice? And it was justice that made Russia and Crimea chairs of Rukh, says, "We will re­ ЩМаіїа Kolomayets me look for answers to the problems register as a political party," which leads Ukraine's new minister of culture, Ivan connected with the language." plot economic ties to the second problem: "how to manage Dzyuba. With the advent of glasnost during the (another) split?" regime of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorba­ by Volodymyr Skachko At the third congress of Rukh in KIEV — History has come full circle chev, Mr. Dzyuba again began writing Special to The Ukrainian Weekly February, Rukh split between those yet again in Ukraine with the appoint­ about the fate of Ukrainian culture. who felt, now that independence was ment of a writer once jailed for "anti- In December 1988 an article he had KIEV — Negotiations took place in won, Rukh must fairly and uncondi­ Soviet agitation and propaganda" as written in a Kiev journal was reprinted Moscow between delegations from the tionally support the new president and the country's minister of culture. in the Moscow-based party journal Crimean and Russian republics on his government, and those who felt, the Ivan Dzyuba, author of the land­ Komunist. If focused on the con­ November 20. The Crimean contingent new president aside, the government mark monograph "Internationalism or tinued official pressure on Ukrainian was headed by the Crimean autonomist and bureaucracy were filled with old Russification?," was named to the post and other non-Russian cultures in the and chairman of the republic's Parlia­ Communist Party apparatchiks who on November 18. He replaces Larysa USSR and argued that such policies ment, Nikolai Bagrov, while the Rus­ should be opposed. Khorolets, a former actress who served only encourage a strong backlash of sian team was led by acting Prime The majority of Rukh chose the as minister of culture since early this anti-Soviet nationalism and put the Minister Yegor Gaidar and Ruslan "constructive opposition" option, and year. Soviet Union's political unity at risk. Khasbulatov, speaker of Russia's Par­ Rukh went on to battle the Fokin Mr. Dzyuba, one of the leading "When whole sections of the people liament. government and the Parliament, which figures of the post-Stalin Ukrainian do not use the Ukrainian language, this On November 23, Mr. Bagrov held a still counted among its members a renascence, is known as a writer, publi­ is colossal impoverishment of spoken press conference in Sevastopil to substantial number of old party hard­ cist and literary critic. He is president of describe the results of these delibera­ liners. In the spring, Rukh warned that the International Association of Ukrai­ Ukrainian as a living language," he wrote. "It limits its intellectual and tions, and said the two sides discussed the incompetence and corruption of nian Studies and co-editor of the the provision of energy, lumber and Prime Minister Vitold Fokin's govern­ journal Suchasnist, now published in spiritual potential and, in the final analysis, it castrates Ukrainian national pharmaceutical supplies for his terri- ment and its reluctance to implement Kiev. Previously he headed the Ukrai­ (Continued on page 3) (Continued on page 4) nian Studies Association of Ukraine. culture." Turning to the substitution of Rus­ In 1965 he authored "Internationa­ sian for Ukrainian in the spheres of lism or Russification?," a treatise on Soviet nationalities policy. The book politics and the social sciences, he Consul general sets priorities was published in the West in 1968. The noted: "Political life at all levels is not voiume was widely criticized by the conducted in Ukrainian, not to speak of nomenklatura in the USSR, while mass political education. ...All this has for effective work in Midwest abroad it received glowing reviews as a led to a significant weakening of the by Marta Kolomayets nian Embassy in Washington. Once the document on Soviet repression and political element in our national cul­ U.S. Department of State gave its Russification. ture." CHICAGO - Proud of its ethnic consent for the opening of Ukrainian Mr. Dzyuba was arrested in April Writing in early 1989 in the Moscow diversity, this "City of Broad Shoulders" consulates in New York and Chicago, 1972 on charges of "anti-Soviet agit­ News, Mr. Dzyuba observed: "The is now home to its 40th consulate — that the self-sufficient Ukrainian commu­ prop," and in March 1973 was sen­ national culture and language are the of Ukraine. nity in the "Windy City" was spurred to tenced to five years' imprisonment. focus of heated debates in Ukraine, But this consulate, the first for action. which for their passion and drama rival After he appealed to the Presidium of Ukraine in North America,was pioneer­ Offering suitable office space in the the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian those about Chornobyl. Ukrainians fre- ed not by Ukraine, but by the Ukrainian quently speak about the 'spiritual American community in Chicago. The heart of the Ukrainian Village, the SSR — which many saw as a recanta­ movers and shakers of this community tion of his views — the writer was Chornobyl' that some feel is threatening brainchild of Drs. Vasyl and Daria pardoned in November of 1973. us, and others believe exploded during Markus, the Consulate General was worked with the Ministry of Foreign In an interview with News From the stagnation years. established to alleviate the escalating Affairs of Ukraine to make the dream of Ukraine published in 1988, Mr. Dzyuba (Continued on page 4) workload of the understaffed Ukrai­ (Continued on page 11) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1992 No. 48 ANALYSIS: The politics of economic reform Newsbriefs by Dr. Roman Solchanyk taken, a change in the structure, cadres, on Ukraine RFE/RL Research Institute and the like. The people and the Parlia­ ment will be told about this." CONCLUSION The Parliament began its work to the ^ WASHINGTON - The United Fleet on November 19, reported Inter­ The anti-Fokin campaign accompaniment of demonstrations States will compensate Ukraine for fax. The Russians reportedly refused to calling for Mr. Fokin's resignation. The dismantling its nuclear warheads an­ establish contact with the vessel and The campaign to force the resigna­ prime minister chose not to address the nounced U.S. Sens. Sam Nunn and prevented it from entering the Crimean tion of Fokin's government took orga­ lawmakers. Instead, parliamentary Richard Lugar on November 23. The port. The ship had dropped anchor off nizational form on July 31, when 23 Chairman Ivan Pliushch read out a U.S. has already agreed to purchase up the coast of the city on November 18, political parties and groups joined statement from Prime Minister Fokin, to S5 billion worth of uranium from following sea trials, and readied for a forces in the coalition For an Indepen­ which described the economy as being warheads dismantled in Russia and celebration the next day.