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— Carles Riba I La Llengua Literària Durant El I LA LITERÀRIA LLENGUA RIBA CARLES e-ISSN 2610-9360 Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica 11 ISSN 2610-8844 — Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme Exercicis de simplicitat Isabel Turull i Crexells Edizioni Ca’Foscari Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica Serie diretta da Enric Bou 11 Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica Direzione scientifica Enric Bou (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico Raul Antelo (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil) Luisa Cam- puzano (Universidad de La Habana; Casa de las Américas, Cuba) Ivo Castro (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal) Pedro Cátedra (Universidad de Salamanca, España) Luz Elena Gutiérrez (El Colegio de México) Hans Lauge Hansen (Aarhus University, Danmark) Noé Jitrik (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina) Alfons Knauth (Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland) Dante Liano (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano, Italia) Antonio Monegal (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España) José Portolés Lázaro (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España) Marco Presotto (Università di Bologna, Italia) Joan Ramon Resina (Stanford University, United States) Pedro Ruiz (Universidad de Córdoba, España) Silvana Serafin (Università degli Studi di Udine, Italia) Roberto Vecchi (Università di Bologna, Italia) Marc Vitse (Université Toulouse-Le Mirail, France) Comitato di redazione Ignacio Arroyo Hernández (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Vincenzo Arsillo (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Florencio del Barrio (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Margherita Cannavacciuolo (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Vanessa Castagna (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Marcella Ciceri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Donatella Ferro (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) René Lenarduzzi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Paola Mildonian (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) María del Valle Ojeda (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Elide Pittarello (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Susanna Regazzoni (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Patrizio Rigobon (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Eugenia Sainz (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Alessandro Scarsella (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Patrizia Spinato (CNR, Roma, Italia) Direzione e redazione Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Culturali Comparati Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Ca’ Bernardo, Dorsoduro 3199, 30123 Venezia, Italia [email protected] e-ISSN 2610-9360 ISSN 2610-8844 URL http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/collane/biblioteca-di-rassegna-iberistica/ Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme Exercicis de simplicitat Isabel Turull i Crexells Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2018 Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme. Exercicis de simplicitat Isabel Turull i Crexells © 2018 Isabel Turull i Crexells per il testo © 2018 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing per la presente edizione cb Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 3246, 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it | [email protected] 1a edizione dicembre 2018 ISBN 978-88-6969-309-0 [ebook] ISBN 978-88-6969-310-6 [print] Volume pubblicato con il contributo di Sapienza Università di Roma – Dipartimento di studi greco-latini, italiani, scenico-musicali Associazione Italiana di Studi Catalani Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme. Exercicis de simplicitat / Isabel Turull i Crexells — 1. ed. — Venezia: Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing, 2018. — 200 p.; 23 cm. — (Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica; 11). — ISBN 978-88-6969-310-6. 44 URL http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/libri/978-88-6969-310-6/ DOI 10.30687/978-88-6969-309-0 Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme Exercicis de simplicitat Isabel Turull i Crexells Abstract Carles Riba, one of the most relevant personalities in Catalan letters, not only as a poet but also as a linguist, has been considered a difficult writer. This book aims to examine how his theoretical preparation and his ideas in linguistics influenced his work in the particular case of some early stories in which he tries “uns utilíssims exercicis de simplicitat”. Carles Riba did not present his linguistic theories in a single text in a complete and articulated way but we can evaluate them in various papers he wrote and published up until his death in 1959. The first part of this work, after an introduction which sets the author in the context of European linguistics, is a review of the ideas that can be found in the collections of essays: Escolis i altres articles (1921), Els marges (1927), Per comprendre (1937), ... més els poemes (1957), and in a few other particularly interesting papers. This part focuses also on some of the controversies in which Carles Riba is involved as a linguist dur- ing the spanish dictatorship: especially his role on the publication of the second edition of Pompeu Fabra’s dictionary in 1954 and the consequences of the prologue he wrote for the volume. Joan Coromines considers an attack on the linguist Pompeu Fabra the negative comparison Riba proposes with the honnête homme: in our research we re-evaluate this consideration and analyse the historical and semantic value of this expression belonging to 17th-century French culture. The second part of this paper is a strictly linguistic analysis of three texts, chosen among Carles Riba’s works for children. The interest of those texts is in the author’s deliberate intent of using the most simple language, which enables us to determine what he considers the basic aspects of linguistic quality. Furthermore, the existence of different editions of those texts permits a philological analysis of those versions showing Carles Riba’s ‘simple’ language in three very representative moments, from the beginning of his career as a writer to the difficult situation during the dictatorship. Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme Exercicis de simplicitat Isabel Turull i Crexells Sumari Premessa Stefano Asperti 11 1 Introducció 15 2 Teoria lingüística 2.1 El context europeu 21 2.2 El noucentisme 25 2.3 Evolució de l’ideari lingüístic 27 2.4 Algunes conclusions provisionals 72 3 Fabra, Coromines i algunes polèmiques 3.1 Pompeu Fabra, el nostre Vaugelas: el classicisme francès 75 3.2 El classicisme francès en la ideologia ribiana 80 3.3 Joan Coromines: algunes polèmiques que afecten la ideologia lingüística ribiana 86 3.4 Fabra i el ‘gust’ 99 3.5 Primeres conclusions: actuació pública 104 4 Praxi lingüística de Carles Riba 4.1 Corpus i materials 107 4.2 Guillot, bandoler 113 4.3 Sis Joans 125 5 Conclusions 179 Bibliografia 185 Figura 1. Carles Riba, Autògraf a l’àlbum d’Eugènia Crexells. 1936 Figura 2. Pompeu Fabra, Autògraf a l’àlbum d’Eugènia Crexells. 1937 Carles Riba i la llengua literària durant el franquisme Exercicis de simplicitat Isabel Turull i Crexells Premessa Stefano Asperti (Sapienza Università di Roma, Italia) Il volume di Isabel Turull con acutezza, sensibilità e attenzione a contesti e implicazioni affronta quello che mi pare un tema di grande rilievo entro la storia letteraria e culturale della Catalogna nel XX secolo. Carles Riba (1893-1959) è una delle figure eminenti e con ogni probabilità la figura più autorevole e rappresentativa tra i letterati attivi nella Madre Patria dopo la fine della Guerra civile e un breve periodo di esilio. Seguire l’evoluzione del suo pensiero linguistico e sondarne le applicazioni proprio nel cruciale pe- riodo dei primi due decenni della dittatura franchista è sforzo meritorio nei confronti sia del letterato, sia dell’intellettuale impegnato su uno dei fronti cruciali dell’identità catalana nel XX secolo, quello appunto della lingua letteraria e delle istanze normative. In maniera originale, ci si confronta dunque in questa ricerca con l’intreccio tra attenzione al fatto linguistico, aspetto ricorrente e per certi aspetti nodale nella letteratura e in generale nella cultura catalana dalla Renaixença in poi, e creazione artistica, nella dialettica tra ricerca di un pubblico, anche e forse innanzitutto intorno a una lingua comune o ‘condivisa’, e istanze di originalità; la visione teorica dell’intellettuale profondamente inserito nei dibattiti che attraversarono tutta la cultura catalana della prima metà del XX secolo, prima e anche do- po il trauma lacerante della Guerra civile e dell’affermarsi del franchismo, e impegnato anche su un versante amministrativo e istituzionale, in virtù degli incarichi presso l’Institut d’Estudis Catalanas, è messa a riscontro con la sua stessa pratica linguistica, sondata, con felice scelta, su alcuni racconti destinati al pubblico infantile, produzione certamente marginale rispetto all’insieme dell’opera ribiana, ma particolarmente interessante nella prospettiva di studio qui adottata. 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