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Basin of ·Moose River

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Basin of ·Moose River REPORT ON TRill BASIN OF ·MOOSE RIVER AND ADJACENT COUNTRY BELONGING TO THE FROVIN""OE OF ON""TARIO. By E. B. BORRO N, EiOO., Stipa~cl.la;4'V MaJi.t1"ate. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. TORONTO: PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 AND 70 FRONT STREET WEiT 1890. CONTEl\T~. PAra:, Introductory remarks....... ................ .. .... ...... .. 3 Boundaries and area uf Provincial Territory nurth of the water-parting on the Height-of-Land Plateau......................................... 3, 4,5 TuPOGRAPHY. :\ aturally diyide,l into three belts . .. ............ 1st, the Southerly or Height·uf-Land Plateau ....... 5 2nd, the Iutermediate Plateau or Belt ........... ,j 3rd, the :Northedy "r C,'asl-Bdt .................. ;) The fundamental rocks in each ......................................... ;) Explallat.iu!,:-. Ilf possible discrepancies in the statenlents contained in report~ for different years in regard of thl' same or uf dift"el'ent sections of the territory Routes followed in l' ,9. .. ...... Ii EXTRACT' FR'n, REPORT OF 1879. Description of the Height·of-Land I lateall £1'0111 replllt for that ,Yt-'al' 6 The N orthedy or Flat Coast Belt. ........ The Intermediate Plateau "f Belt 7 James' Bay exceedingly shallow .... , The Albany River and A bittibi, Mattagami aud ~li8sinaihi branches of IIloos,' River navigable by boats for S"llle distance in spring. , .. , ........ , . , . 7 Few if any mountains in the two northerly divisions ...... , ...... , ......... ,.... H Shalluwuess of rivers, and slight depth below the general surface of the country. H Ice jams at or near 'the lllOuths of l\loosl' ann Albany Rivers ... Moose Factllry, the principal trading post, and :-Iet.tll'ltll'lIt in thl' tClritol",}'. 8 EXTRACTS FRO)l REPORTS OF 1880. Regarding the Northerly Belt or I ;reat Plain un the coast, of .James' Bay R Found to be largely overspread by peat mosses or muskegs, and the cause t hel'e, ,f. !l Description of this Northerly Belt or Plain ........ 10 Large areas may, and will in the future be reclaimed and rendered fertile. , . U The reclamation of peat mosses, costly even in Europe ...... ,.,................. 11 Chat moss in the healt of Lancashire, England, an instance of this. , . ...... .... .. 11 Description of the intermediate Belt or Plateau a" seen this season ..... , 11 Views expressed in first report too sanguine, in I eference to the quality and quantity of arable land ....... ,........... , .......... , . 11 Object of explorations-to acquire a good general idea of the whole territory- rather than an exhaustive examination of" small portion only. 11 iv. BXPLORATIONS IN 1881. PAGE. Routes followed-distance traversed-number of portages necessary .............. 12 Mr. C. H. Gamsby's report on the country lying between the Missinaibi and Mattagami Rivers ...................................................... 13 Dr. Bell's description of the Mattigami River ................. ................ 15 Extract. from oum Report for 1881. .. .......................................... 15 Land in coast or northerly belt available for agricultural or pastoral purposes, consists of three classes ............. 16 I'ossibiMy of draining, burning and reclaiming lOme thousa'ld square miles of this peat covered belt, and thus rendering the same arable .............. 16 and 17 A large proportion of the clays, Fands, gravel and other loose material on the lntermediate Belt or Plateau, and to some extent on the Height-of.Land Plateau also has been brought from the north . .. ...... ........... 17 Description of this Plateau ............. '. .. ........ .. 18 of Height·of.Land Plateau .................. .... ..... 19 RoUTE IN 1882 AN)) EXTRACTS FRO}I REPORT FOR THAT YEAR ....•...................•.•. 19 Dr. Bell's descript'on of Hudson's nay and regions lying adjacent thereto. 20 Shallowness of James' Bay-frontage and harbour . .. .. 22 Land rises very gradually toward the south 22 Clay, or more properly" marl" usually below the peat. .. 22 A blue or slate colored clay-highly calcareous. near coast. .. .. 22 No hills and little bare rock in this belt.. .. 22 The large timber confined to narrow strips along the rivers .... ................. 22 Bnt a .mall proportion of bare rock in the next or intermediate belt . .. 23 Evidences of erosion everywhere ......................................... 23 Probably due to ice in the form of glaciers impelled s(,uthward from a "rolar Ice-Cap." 23 Affording vast stores of raw material for soil. .. ..... ........ 24 That part of the Intermediate Belt lying ,,,uth of the 49th parallel of latitude-more broken, better drained, and more densely timbered than the flat country to the north . .. ...................... - - . .. .............. 24 More <>1' less red and white pine ............. 24 Many lakes in course of being filled up or drained and thus converted into dry land. 24 Climate-one of extremes in regard of temperature ........................ 24 Dr. Bell's opinion somewhat different from that of the writer .......... 24 Rainfall at Moose Factory ................... 25 The healthiness of the climate unq,\estionable 25 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT FOR 1883. Routes followed ......... 25 Physical features and soil of the country traversed .. 25 Dr. Bell's exploration of-and report on I.ong Lake and the country lying to the north west. 26 The water.parting and width of the Height·of-Land Plateau at this point.. ........ 2R General bearing of Kenogami Ri vel' from Lung Lake to the eighteenth or last portage. 28 The Intermediate Belt as seen on the Kenugami . .. 29 The Northerly or Coast Belt . .. .. 29 The Kenogami and Albany Ri vers afford 250 miles uninterrupted canoe navigation and boats also for a limited period ........................................ 29 v. PAGE. EXPLORATIONS IN 1~t'4 SO Specially directed tfl the l'l'lltilmat,iol1 ,II' Iltltt.'l"i~l' of fa\('lIlall\' I'J jIli. 1~::, in Iq':'BJO of the practil'ahiiih and value of 1 hl' 11:\\ ;c,,1>!o strddHs nn the Allany and Kenogami R:n-l's. 1he I't'~lllts disappointing .. EXl'LOIUTI{):".:-' IN 188[1. Dcyoted to an examinatioll of the L'IJlllltr,\ :=-ituatl,d bdWCt'll the l\Ji:::silluibi Hiy,,!" and Kapuskasing Hi\l'l'. nnd frum Lake ;\Ii~~;llaihi l1mthw;uds :~o E.drad$ fron" B,'pu,t.. Topographical feature.- Watershed between Lake ""I" '1"1' and .T:II""· Bay Superior and the htsin of the Mississippi ... 30 Description of Height-of-Land Plateau and of the "the two portages," ................ .. .. ,........ 31 The fall on the Kapuskasing RiYer correEponds with that on the MiEsinaibi .. 32 I ndicating the probable existence at one time of an e\ tensive lake, now nearly drained ........................................................... 32 The hills fewer in number and lower as we proceed northward ............ 32 The lakes also fewer in number and shallower 32 Charac!e, of the Lalld . .But a small portion of that on the Height-of.Lam! Fbte,,,' lying to the south of Lake Missinaibi arable 32 Much of it suited for the growth of f"IeRt trees and mure or less for pasture... 32 Even the lakes may be rtndered productive. 3') More and better la, d in the northern portion of this plateau ................. .. :'l:? A fertile strip betwem the Height-c,f·land Plateau and the Intelmedinte or CUltra! Plateau or belt ... - ......... -- ............. _ . ...... _. _. 32 Descliptinn of this better d ained and more ferWe 'trip 33 Reference to 111 r. Gamsby's report ............ _ . 33 River bottoms on the Kapuskasil'g River _..... .. .............. _ ... _.. _ . .3 Description of country betl\een KOl",J,a.ing Ri,pr al:d Lake 0razatil,a-EOil alld timher, etc ..... General description d La}", Opazatika and adjacent e'll"'try. .. .John Dl'iv,r's exploration of and repOlt on Lake Cpazat.i\,a Good land on Opaz"hka River between the lake anll jnndi<Jn of Big River .... _... 3i North of this junction to Lake Na-sko-si-wa-kan, "(~m,,,y Point Lake," "ery liltle arable lund . ................ _.. Tolerably dry and fairly good lanll between the south end ,f Lake Opazatika and MissinatLi River ............. .................... The greater part of the intermediate strip of country between Lake 0pl1zatika and Missinaibi River found to be s,,"altlpy .............. _.. H8 Goorl bottom land between the )fissinaibi River anll Brunswick Lake 38 Sat",.. and Origin of the Suil 38 The Intermediate Belt or Plateau always supports a growth of trees aT d shrubs of some kind . .......... , . .. 38 The timber not always" safe ~ide as to the character of the .oil 01' land .......... 38 A natural rotation in the crop of forest trees. .. ............................ 39 vi. EXPLORATIONS IN 1885.-( /Inti II lied. PAGE. Too 'T.uch importance ma\' be attached to the influence ofthe underlying rock on the composition, and fertility of the soil ...................................... o!l Professor Johnson's remarks on this subject, ............. "............. 3!1 1 he soil on this plateau "I' belt has little relation to Ihe rocks in situ, the material for the most part haying come from the north. _ . .. .. 41 'This drift or transporte,1 material almost entirely fumished by the Silurian and Devonian ~tl'ata underlying the const belt ..... .. ..... ..... 41 Hence abuudallce of lime a~~otiatt:'(l with the clays. constituting in many instances " marls." and occasionally highly calcareous sand ... ' ......... ' . 41 rrhis fact imp(,rtallt a .. ~'thl'rwixe the soil both un the Intermediate and Height.uf­ Land Plaleau. if not alsu on the north ,hores uf Lakes Huron and Superior, must have been thin and pour.
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