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1 This Translation of Book Three of Francisco Suarez' Defense of the Catholic and Apostolic Faith Against the Errors of Anglic

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1 This Translation of Book Three of Francisco Suarez' Defense of the Catholic and Apostolic Faith Against the Errors of Anglic 1 This translation of book three of Francisco Suarez’ Defense of the Catholic and Apostolic Faith against the Errors of Anglicanism [Defensio Fidei Catholicae et Apostolicae contra Errores Anglicanae Sectae] is complete. The translation below of the first five chapters is substantially that of George Albert Moore, PhD (Colonel, US Army, Ret’d.), which he published at his own expense and through his own press in a limited mimeograph edition of 60 copies, Country Dollar Press, Chevy Chase, MD, 1950: Francisco Suarez. Extracts on Politics and Government from Defense of the Faith, Laws and God the Lawgiver, Tract on Faith, Tract on Charity. His translation of those chapters I have revised and adapted, sometimes heavily. The translation of all other chapters is my own. Col. Moore died in 1971 and the press seems to have died with him. At any rate I have not been able to find out any current information about it, nor accordingly who now holds the copyright to his translation. If anyone is able to enlighten me further on the matter I will be most grateful. In the meantime, however, and in the absence of indications to the contrary, I assume that the Colonel would not be upset if at least some fruit of his labors was now made available on this website in a more accessible form and to a wider audience. The Latin text used for this translation and revision of Moore is that of the 1872 reprint, Naples, with some supplementation and correction from the original 1613 text, reprinted in Defensa de la Fe Catolica y Apostolica contra los Errores del Anglicanismo, Instituto de Estudios Politicos, Madrid 1971, with a Spanish translation by Jose Ramon Eguillor Muniozguren, SJ. The Naples reprint is accessible from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=FTNOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb s_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false and http://books.google.com/books?id=4DFOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=defens io+fidei+catholicae&hl=en&ei=y-mYTf- uNcnE0QHAoMGIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEsQ6AE wBzge#v=onepage&q&f=false The 1613 text is accessible at: http://books.google.com/books?id=IpAXXwWVyLYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=related :STANFORD36105012535667&lr=#v=onepage&q&f=false The volume of the Vives edition of the Opera omnia containing the text, vol.24, is accessible at: http://books.google.com/books?id=BCsNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=#v=one page&q&f=false Sydney Penner of Merton College, Oxford, maintains a website with online resources for Suarez and his writings: http://www.sydneypenner.ca/suarez.html Peter L P Simpson. Revised, December 2012 2 BOOK THREE ON THE EXCELLENCE AND POWER OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF OVER TEMPORAL KINGS Preface Chapter 1: Whether political principality be legitimate and from God. Summary. 1. The error of some Jews who acknowledge no human principality. 2. First assertion: a political principality introduced in due manner is just. 3. Proof by reason. 4. For political principality one mystical head is enough. 5. Second assertion: the power of the political prince flows from God. 6. Proof by reason. 7. The foundation for the error at the beginning of this chapter is dissolved. Chapter 2. Whether political principality is immediately from God or divine institution. Summary. 1. King James is of the opinion that political principality is immediately from God. 2. What things are required for some power to be conceded immediately by God. 3. Supreme civil power is immediately conferred by God on a perfect society only. The first part of the assertion is proved. 4. Second proof. 5. Proof of the second part. 6. Objection. 7. How democracy is said to be by right of nature. 8. No political principality is immediately from God. 9. Confirmation from the Fathers. 10. The conclusion is proved by reason. 11. The same conclusion is shown by examples. 12. Objection. 13. Human will can in two ways intercede in the conferring of power that flows from God. First way. 14. Second way. Chapter 3. The foundations and objections of the King of England against the doctrine of the above chapter are satisfied. Summary. 1. First foundation of the king taken from inconvenience. 2. By refutation of the king the illustrious Bellarmine is vindicated. When a people can rise up against the king and exempt itself from his power. 3. The people cannot restrain power once it has been transferred to the king, nor abrogate his just laws. 4. Second foundation of the king. Solution. 5. It is more probable that Saul received his power from the people. 6. Matthias received his apostleship directly from God. 7. The examples which King James adduces do not prove that political principality is immediately from God. 8. Third objection. 9. Solution. Chapter 4: Whether the civil power among Christians, which Christians are held to obey, is legitimate. Summary. 1. Error of the ancient heretics. First foundation of this error. 2. Second foundation. 3. Rejection of the aforesaid heresy from Scriptures and the Fathers. 4. Rejection of the same heresy by a reason taken from St. Thomas. 5. The force of St. Thomas’ reason is made plain. It is not licit for the faithful again to create voluntarily for themselves an infidel king. 6. A pagan king seizing a Christian city in a just war also secures true dominion over it. When subjection to a prince tends to the detriment of the faith, the faithful can exempt themselves from it. 7. When matrimony between infidels can be dissolved because of the conversion of one of them to the faith. 8. Conclusion: it is de fide certain that there are true kings and princes among Christians. 9. Evasion. It is 3 rejected. 10. The assertion is proved by reason. 11. Response to a tacit evasion. 12. In what Christian liberty consists. 13. The first foundation of the first error is solved. 14. The place in Matt. 17 is expounded. 15. The second foundation is solved. Chapter 5: Whether Christian kings have supreme power in civil or temporal things, and by what right. Summary. 1.What supreme power is. 2. There is a double subjection, direct and indirect, and what each is. 3. The sense of the question is made clear. 4. First opinion for the negative. 5. First foundation. 6. The true opinion is established. 7. An emperor does not have supreme temporal power over the Church. 8. The assertion is proved from the authority of the Supreme Pontiffs. 9. The same conclusion. 10. Supreme civil power does not belong to the Supreme Pontiff by human right. 11. The same is proved of divine right. 12. Objection. It is solved. 13. Objection. First response. 14. Second solution. The response is rejected. 15. The foundations of the contrary opinion are solved. Chapter 6: Whether there is in the Church of Christ a spiritual power of external and quasi political jurisdiction distinct from the temporal. Summary: 1. There is an ecclesiastical power of order and one of jurisdiction. 2. Again, ecclesiastical jurisdiction is double. Sense of the question. 3. The heresy of Marsilius of Padua and the foundation for the Anglican Schism. 4. The foundation of this sort of heresy. 5. First assertion de fide. Proof from Scripture. 6. Evasion of the king of England and his reasons. 7. The evasion of the king is rejected. 8. Satisfaction made to the first proof of the king. 9. The king’s second proof is dissolved. 10. The Holy Spirit cannot properly be called the Vicar of Christ. 11. Christ the Lord conferred true spiritual jurisdiction on Peter. 12. Distinction between the spiritual and temporal power. 13. The foundations of the errors referred to at the beginning of this chapter are solved. Chapter 7: That the power of ruling the Church in spiritual or ecclesiastical matters does not exist in temporal kings or princes is proved by authority. Summary: 1. What the disposition is of the spiritual and temporal power in their order to their subject. Error of the Anglican sect about the subject of spiritual power. 2. First conclusion: to temporal kings, as such kings, no spiritual power belongs. 3. The assertion is proved from the Supreme Pontiffs. 4. The same assertion is confirmed from the emperors. Chapter 8: The same truth is confirmed by reasons. Summary: 1. First reason. 2. Second reason. Evasion of the Protestants. It is rejected. 3. Another evasion is excluded, and it is shown that the supreme head of the Church ought to be one. 4. Objection. Solution. Instance. Response. 5. A certain evasion is refuted. 6. Third reason. 7. Response of the heretics. 8. The same response is refuted most from the principles of the Protestants. 9. The same response is impugned by its disadvantages. First. 10. Second. 11. Evasion. It is rejected. 12. An evasion of this sort is repugnant to King James himself. Chapter 9: Solution to some objections against the truth proved in the previous chapters. Summary: 1. Triple question about the power of ruling the Church. 2. First objection. 3. 4 In the law of nature there was no power of a supernatural order. Nor any spiritual jurisdiction. 4. Objection. 5. Second objection. 6. Third objection from the New Testament. 7. Solution to the two first testimonies. 8. From the third testimony, in 1Timothy 2, nothing against the truth established can be collected. 9. The testimony of Matthew 22 concludes to the opposite. The testimonies also of John 18 and Luke 12 and 22 confirm the doctrine handed down. 10. Fourth objection. 11. Solution. Augustine is wrongly cited for the contrary error. 12. Response to the words of Isidore.
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