Historical Analysis of Compositional Strategies for Squads (2010S)
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CIES Football Observatory Monthly Report n°50 - December 2019 Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) Drs Raffaele Poli, Loïc Ravenel and Roger Besson 1. Introduction Figure 1: study sample AS ST-ETIENNE BAYER LEVERKUSEN Over the decade that is about to end, 42 clubs GIRONDINS BORDEAUX BAYERN MÜNCHEN LIGUE 1 LIGUE have always been present within the five ma- LOSC LILLE BORUSSIA DORTMUND jor European leagues. The 50th Monthly Report BUNDESLIGA MONTPELLIER HSC BORUSSIA M'GLADBACH of the CIES Football Observatory analyses the make-up of these teams over the course of OGC NICE FC SCHALKE 04 the decade with questions such as: how many OLYMPIQUE LYONNAIS FSV MAINZ 05 players did they use? What was the age of OLYMPIQUE MARSEILLE TSG HOFFENHEIM players fielded? Their height? Their origins? PARIS ST-GERMAIN VFL WOLFSBURG STADE RENNAIS WERDER BREMEN The analysis also includes an economic di- TOULOUSE FC mension by taking into account the transfer fees spent or received (including bonuses) ACF FIORENTINA ARSENAL FC AS ROMA CHELSEA FC since the 1st January 2010 by the 42 clubs A SERIE studied. For all variables, the data for 2019 re- GENOA CFC EVERTON FC fer to the period from the 1st January to the 15 INTERNAZIONALE LIVERPOOL FC PREMIER LEAGUE November. JUVENTUS FC MANCHESTER CITY MILAN AC MANCHESTER UNITED SS LAZIO TOTTENHAM HOTSPUR SSC NAPOLI UDINESE CALCIO ATHLETIC CLUB LIGA ATLÉTICO MADRID FC BARCELONA RCD ESPANYOL REAL MADRID SEVILLA FC VALENCIA CF 1 Monthly Report 50 - Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) 2. Turnover Figure 2: number of players used in domestic league games (2010-2019) A first element of analysis is the turnover with- ATHTIC CUB 77 in squads. Very important differences exist BA MCH 83 between clubs. At one extreme, Athletic Club FC ACOA 90 Bilbao only used 77 footballers in domestic OIA MAACH 91 league matches played during the decade BA 92 studied. This result reflects the crucial impor- tance given to the question of identity in the OIA OTM 93 policies of the Basque club. TOTTHAM HOTSPUR 93 A MAI 95 The great stability observed at Athletic Club is MACHT CITY 96 contrasted with that of Genoa. Enrico Prezio- AA FC 97 si’s club used 205 players in Serie A fixtures 98 between 2010 and 2019. Sevilla and Rome, the MACHT IT two teams where Monchi worked as a sport- EVERTO FC 99 ing director, are also among those who fielded CHA FC 103 the most footballers. These findings illustrate PARIS ST-GERMAIN 104 the emphasis placed on trading players in the MOTI HC 104 strategies of these clubs. OMI YOAI 106 C AOI 109 IOO FC 112 ATTICO MAI 114 AIO 115 OMI MAI 117 T FC 121 LOC I 122 FC CHA 04 123 M 123 IOI OAUX 123 FV MAI 05 124 TOO FC 124 T HOFFHIM 125 F OFG 127 VACIA CF 127 I CACIO 131 AS ST-ETIENNE 131 MIA AC 133 STA AI 135 RC AO 135 ITAIOA 139 OC IC 144 A OMA 149 IA FC 160 ACF FIOTIA 161 OA CFC 205 2 Monthly Report 50 - Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) Despite the 2016/17 season at Crystal Palace, Figure 3: % of domestic league minutes of the Steve Mandanda is the footballer who played most used player by club (2010-2019) the greatest percentage of domestic league OMI MAI 84.2% teve Mandanda minutes for one of the 42 teams of the sample. FC ACOA 83.4% ionel Messi During the decade studied, the French goal- 80.9% Stéphane Ruffier keeper took part in 84.2% of minutes played AS ST-ETIENNE by Olympique de Marseille. The highest value MACHT IT 77.1% David de ea for an outfield player was recorded for Lionel BA MCH 76.6% Thomas Müller Messi at Barcelona (83.4%). Paris St-Germain A MAI 74.2% Sergio Ramos is among the six teams whose most used C AOI 72.8% Marek Hamšík footballers during the decade took part in less MOTI HC 72.6% Vitorino Hilton than half of the minutes played (Thiago Silva, ITAIOA 71.3% Samir Handanović 49.6%). ATTICO MAI 71.0% Diego Godín EVERTO FC 70.6% Leighton Baines BA 69.8% Bernd Leno T FC 68.6% Leonardo Bonucci MACHT CITY 68.0% David ilva ATHTIC CUB 65.9% Gorka Iraizoz TOTTHAM HOTSPUR 65.5% Hugo Lloris OIA OTM 64.0% Marcel Schmelzer I CACIO 63.9% Danilo Larangeira AA FC 63.8% Laurent Koscielny CHA FC 63.8% César Azpilicueta VACIA CF 62.9% Dani Parejo IOI OAUX 62.7% Cédric Carrasso AIO 62.5% tefan adu A OMA 61.8% Daniele e ossi OMI YOAI 61.2% Anthony Lopes STA AI 60.9% Romain Danzé M 60.7% Theodor Gebre Selassie F OFG 58.5% Diego Benaglio OIA MAACH 57.1% Oscar Wendt IOO FC 56.3% Jordan Henderson LOC I 56.1% Rio Mavuba RC AO 55.6% Javi López T HOFFHIM 55.3% Sebastian Rudy FC CHA 04 54.9% Benedikt Höwedes MIA AC 54.8% Ignazio Abate FV MAI 05 51.0% tefan ell PARIS ST-GERMAIN 49.6% Thiago Silva IA FC 44.7% Jess avas TOO FC 42.0% Etienne idot ACF FIOTIA 41.9% Manuel asqual OA CFC 38.8% Mattia Perin OC IC 38.1% David Ospina 3 Monthly Report 50 - Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) 3. Age Figure 4: average age at matches played (2010- 2019) Over the course of the 2010 decade, no team TOO FC 24.61 has fielded players as old as multiple Ital- T HOFFHIM 25.02 ian champions Juventus: 28.8 years of age BA 25.12 on average when the matches were played. OC IC 25.20 Two other Italian clubs have the highest val- OMI YOAI 25.52 ues: Inter (28.4 years of age) and Lazio (28.3 years of age). French and German teams are OIA OTM 25.61 over-represented among those having fielded FC CHA 04 25.61 the youngest players, with a minimum of 24.6 STA AI 25.78 years of age for Toulouse. OIA MAACH 26.03 TOTTHAM HOTSPUR 26.26 LOC I 26.29 VACIA CF 26.36 FV MAI 05 26.38 IOO FC 26.41 M 26.48 IOI OAUX 26.51 AA FC 26.59 F OFG 26.59 RC AO 26.59 ATTICO MAI 26.73 ATHTIC CUB 26.74 I CACIO 26.74 AS ST-ETIENNE 26.88 OMI MAI 26.94 A MAI 26.95 MACHT IT 27.09 MOTI HC 27.11 ACF FIOTIA 27.16 BA MCH 27.17 PARIS ST-GERMAIN 27.20 IA FC 27.32 MIA AC 27.48 MACHT CITY 27.54 OA CFC 27.59 FC ACOA 27.62 CHA FC 27.64 A OMA 27.84 C AOI 27.86 EVERTO FC 27.86 AIO 28.28 ITAIOA 28.38 T FC 28.81 4 Monthly Report 50 - Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) Eight of the nine clubs having on average re- Figure 5: average age at the time of recruitment cruited the oldest players are Italians, with a (2010-2019) maximum of 26.6 years of age for Lazio. Keen BA 23.38 to win titles, Paris St-Germain and Manches- 23.51 ter City have also targeted experienced play- OIA OTM 23.51 ers. However, with the arrival of Guardiola, A MAI 23.54 Manchester City has changed its strategy by T HOFFHIM 23.99 recruiting younger footballers, similar to the OIA MAACH 24.14 policies pursued by other major teams such M 24.45 as Real Madrid (23.5 years of age at the time TOO FC 24.45 of recruitment) or Liverpool (24.6 years of age). LOC I 24.48 OC IC 24.56 IOO FC 24.61 MACHT IT 24.64 FV MAI 05 24.67 CHA FC 24.69 OMI YOAI 24.77 AA FC 24.83 FC CHA 04 24.87 TOTTHAM HOTSPUR 24.92 IOI OAUX 24.97 I CACIO 25.03 VACIA CF 25.11 F OFG 25.19 ATHTIC CUB 25.23 STA AI 25.27 BA MCH 25.32 FC ACOA 25.38 ATTICO MAI 25.39 MOTI HC 25.44 EVERTO FC 25.45 RC AO 25.51 AS ST-ETIENNE 25.58 OMI MAI 25.60 IA FC 25.69 MACHT CITY 25.73 C AOI 25.78 ITAIOA 25.80 ACF FIOTIA 25.93 A OMA 25.95 PARIS ST-GERMAIN 26.09 OA CFC 26.16 MIA AC 26.18 T FC 26.29 AIO 26.56 5 Monthly Report 50 - Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) 4. Height Figure 6: average height of players used (2010- 2019) Analysis in terms of height also highlights im- FC ACOA 178.66 portant differences with regard to leagues and LOC I 179.96 clubs. Barcelona used the shortest players in OC IC 180.19 absolute terms (178.66 cm on average). The OMI YOAI 180.68 Catalan club is followed by five French and RC AO 180.74 three other Spanish teams. At the opposite end of the scale, six of the seven clubs having VACIA CF 180.86 fielded the tallest footballers are German, with MOTI HC 181.00 a maximum value of 185.05 cm for Schalke 04. IA FC 181.15 The height of the Juventus players was also OMI MAI 181.22 relatively high: 183.76 cm (5th place). C AOI 181.40 EVERTO FC 181.61 PARIS ST-GERMAIN 181.74 MACHT CITY 181.77 AS ST-ETIENNE 181.82 ATTICO MAI 181.84 STA AI 181.88 IOI OAUX 181.93 IOO FC 181.97 AA FC 182.09 A MAI 182.12 TOO FC 182.17 ITAIOA 182.19 I CACIO 182.33 OA CFC 182.46 ATHTIC CUB 182.49 BA MCH 182.59 MIA AC 182.81 TOTTHAM HOTSPUR 182.97 OIA MAACH 183.08 AIO 183.25 A OMA 183.32 ACF FIOTIA 183.33 FV MAI 05 183.33 CHA FC 183.33 MACHT IT 183.35 OIA OTM 183.39 M 183.73 T FC 183.76 BA 183.98 T HOFFHIM 184.31 F OFG 184.66 FC CHA 04 185.05 6 Monthly Report 50 - Historical analysis of compositional strategies for squads (2010s) 5.