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Integrative Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Damselfly Genus Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999

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Integrative Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Damselfly Genus Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 77 Autor(en)/Author(s): Pimenta Ana Luiza Anes, Pinto Angelo Parise, Takiya Daniela M. Artikel/Article: Integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of the damselfly genus Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae: Protoneurinae) with description of two new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 397-415 77 (3): 397 – 415 2019 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2019. Integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of the damselfly genus Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 (Odonata: Coen­ agrio nidae: Protoneurinae) with description of two new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Ana Luiza Anes Pimenta 1, 2, Ângelo Parise Pinto 3, * & Daniela Maeda Takiya 2 1 Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (PPGBBE), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil — 2 Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68044, 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil — 3 Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos Aquáticos (LABSIA), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Ângelo Parise Pinto * [[email protected]] — * Cor- responding author Accepted on August 05, 2019. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on December 06, 2019. Published in print on December 20, 2019. Editors in charge: Gavin Svenson & Klaus-Dieter Klass. Abstract. Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 is a small genus of eight forest-dependent damselfy species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain. Some of its species are diffcult to identify due to their strong morphological similarities. Thus, the use of DNA sequences for taxonomic purposes is warranted. This study examined the diversity among mitochondrial COI and 16S and nuclear PRMT markers in Forcepsioneura, identifed discrete evolutionary units based on morphological and molecular characters, and described two new species using an integrative approach to propose species-level hypotheses. The frst molecular phylogeny of Forcepsioneura species, including seven of the 10 valid species, is presented. Forcepsioneura gabriela sp.n. and Forcepsioneura janeae sp.n. are described and illustrated based on males. Forcepsioneura gabriela sp.n. is closely related to F. garrisoni Lencioni, 1999 and F. regua Pinto & Kompier, 2018 and was included in the light blue group, but was recovered with high K2P COI divergence values relative to F. garrisoni. PRMT and ribosomal 16S rDNA sequences were too conservative to distinguish this new species from others of the light blue group. Nevertheless, F. gabriela sp.n. can be distinguished from other Forcepsioneura by its coloration and shape and length of the ventrobasal process of cercus and MP vein. On the other hand, we were unable to get COI sequences for F. janeae sp.n., but morphological diagnostic characters, such as, coloration and shape of the posterior lobe of the prothorax and ventrobasal process of cercus supported its proposal as a new species. A concatenated Bayesian analysis of all markers supported the monophyly of both Forcepsioneura and the light blue group of species. This study affrmed the value of COI sequence variation for species-level studies but did not support the use of PRMT and 16S for this group of damselfies, as there was very little interspecifc variation between some closely related species. Key words. DNA-barcoding, dragonfy, molecular phylogeny, Protoneuridae, Zygoptera. 1. Introduction Recent studies on Odonata phylogeny based on morpho- monophyletic group. This group is currently treated as a logical and molecular characters have resulted in a com- subfamily of Coenagrionidae, with Protoneurinae dam- prehensive family-level phylogenetic hypothesis for the selfies comprising 123 species distributed in 15 genera suborder Zygoptera (damselfies) (DIJKSTRA et al. 2014) (GARRISON & VON ELLENRIEDER 2016). and suggested Protoneuridae as a polyphyletic group Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 is a small genus of (BYBEE et al. 2008; CARLE et al. 2008; PESSACQ 2008; forest-dependent damselfies endemic to the Brazilian DIJKSTRA et al. 2014). These studies, however, recog- Atlantic Forest domain, except for F. sancta (Hagen nize all protoneurid species occurring in the New World, in Selys, 1860), also recorded from the Cerrado of the including the type-genus Protoneura Selys, 1857, as a Central Brazilian plateau. Species in the genus occur in ISSN 1863-7221 (print) | eISSN 1864-8312 (online) | DOI: 10.26049/ASP77-3-2019-2 397 Pimenta et al.: Integrative taxonomy of Forcepsioneura Atlantic Forest remnants from South and Southeastern Different types of analytical methods and molecular Brazil associated with specifc habitats (PINTO & KOMPIER data have been used to investigate species delimitation in 2018). Additionally, an unknown species from the State Odonata. For example, genetic distance- and character- of Rio Grande do Norte, at the northern boundary of the based methods supported the description of new species Atlantic Forest domain, was placed in Forcepsioneura from different regions of Africa (DIJKSTRA et al. 2015), (IRUSTA & LENCIONI 2015), but it was most likely misiden- whereas phylogeographic studies helped distinguish lev- tifed (J. Irusta pers. comm.). Eight species are known for els of polymorphism in specimens of Zygoptera species the genus, two of which (F. serrabonita Pinto & Kompi- (FERREIRA et al. 2014a) and identify a large-scale bar- er, 2018 and F. regua Pinto & Kompier, 2018) were dis- coding gap using the ABGD method (KOROIVA & KVIST covered from material recently collected in the Brazilian 2017). In Odonata, the three molecular markers most states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, and more species are commonly used in taxonomic and phylogenetic stud- yet to be described (see PINTO & KOMPIER 2018; PINTO ies are the genes encoding mitochondrial cytochrome c 2019). oxidase subunit I (COI), ribosomal 12S rDNA, and According to PINTO & KOMPIER (2018), two informal 16S rDNA (WARE et al. 2007; BALLARE & WARE 2011; groups of species can be recognized in Forcepsioneura SÁNCHEZ HERRERA et al. 2010; DIJKSTRA et al. 2014, 2015; based on morphological characters and habitat prefer- KOROIVA et al. 2017). COI is widely used in studies that ences: the light blue group, comprising smaller species address genetic identity in animals, intra- and interspecif- with slender cerci and pale areas predominantly bluish- ic distances, and DNA-barcoding methods. Additionally, green, which includes F. garrisoni Lencioni, 1999 (type- the gene encoding arginine methyltransferase (PRMT), species), F. haerteli Machado, 2001, F. regua Pinto & a nuclear marker, has been proposed by FERREIRA et al. Kompier, 2018, and F. sancta (Hagen in Selys, 1860); (2014a) as suitable for species level studies in several and the orange-black group, comprising larger species Zygoptera but was also used in a study of endangered with robust cerci and pale areas orange-green, which in- populations of a new species of Gomphidae (Anisoptera) cludes F. grossiorum Machado, 2005, F. itatiaiae (San- (FERREIRA et al. 2014b). tos, 1970), F. lucia Machado, 2000, and F. serrabonita. The aims of this study were to examine the genetic di- Species in the frst group are associated with lowland versity among Forcepsioneura species, to identify discrete habitats and have slender cerci with a comparatively long evolutionary units based on morphological and molecu- ventrobasal process, whereas species in the second group lar characters, and to describe the new species identifed. are associated with montane habitats and have robust cer- Additionally, the frst molecular phylogeny of the genus, ci with a short ventrobasal process. In addition, PINTO & including seven of the 10 described species, is presented. KOMPIER (2018) highlighted the morphological similar- ity of species in the light blue group, especially between F. garrisoni and F. regua and a putative undescribed spe- 2. Material and methods cies collected in southern Bahia. These species are diff- cult to identify due to the strong morphological similari- ties that exist in diagnostic characters. Finally, another 2.1. Taxon sampling interesting case that needs to be carefully addressed is that of populations found in the states of Espírito Santo Thirty-four specimens of seven species of Forcep- and Rio de Janeiro identifed as F. lucia, even though the sioneura, including two new species that are described latter was originally described from the state of Minas herein, were used to investigate inter- and intraspecifc Gerais (PINTO & KOMPIER 2018). Any morphological var- genetic distances and infer the genus phylogeny based iation, however subtle it may be, that is eventually found on the molecular markers COI, 16S, and PRMT (Table between these two populations may indicate that they 1). Specimens examined are deposited in the following actually represent distinct species, albeit very closely re- collections: lated to F. lucia. DZRJ – Coleção Entomológica Prof. José Alfredo Pinheiro Du- Although morphology has been the basis for taxo- tra, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade nomic work, in some cases data from other areas of biol- Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; DZUP – ogy may also provide
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