These are spring flowering that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Baneberry - White Baneberry - White Baneberry - Red Baneberry-Red

Actaea pachypoda Fruit stalks thick and red. Actaea rubra White form, berry B (Flw. cluster more pyramidal W Leaf similar to Red W (Flower cluster usually more B stalks thin, not red. Toxic B thick flower & fruit stalks) Baneberry. Toxic rounded)

Baneberry-Red Baneberry-Leaf Garlic Mustard Garlic Mustard Garlic Mustard

Red berry form, berry stalks Stems 1-2.5’ hi. Leaf of red Alliaria petiolata Leaves with heart-shaped Plants can be 4 inches to 6’ thin, not red.Toxic B & white similar. Flower B (Invasive) B base, coarse teeth. Flowers B To control remove seed B clusters & fruit different in terminal spike. Biennial heads at maturity or pull root

Serviceberry-Saskatoon* Serviceberry-Saskatoon* Serviceberry-Saskatoon* Serviceberry - Downy* Serviceberry - Downy*

Amelanchier alnifolia Leaf toothed in the upper Pomes to 1/2”, fleshy, red to Amelanchier arborea Leaf -toothed, bronze and W half, no hair at flowering, W purple-black, edible. Trunk W (AKA - Downy Juneberry) W hairy at flowering, pointed W rounded tip to 25’ if growing as a tree To 30’ if growing as a tree tip. Pomes to 3/8” edible

Serviceberry - Allegheny* Serviceberry - Allegheny* Serviceberry - Allegheny* - Sharp-lobed Hepatica - Round-lobed

Amelanchier laevis Leaf ovate, toothed, bronze Pomes to 3/8”, red to purple- Anemone acutiloba Anemone americana W when young, abrupt tip point W black. Edible.Trunk to 30’ W W W when growing as a tree

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 11 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Wood Anemone Wood Anemone Wood Anemone Field Pussytoes Field Pussytoes

Anemone quinquefolia Some flowers can be Leaves basal, 3-5 parted, Antennaria neglecta Stems prostrate, erect only B doubles. Stems 2-8” high B upper half lobed, long stalk, B U in flower 4-16”; leaves U bronze when young woolly. Flowers dioecious

Smooth Rockcress Smooth Rockcress Wild Calla Wild Calla Wild Calla

Boechera laevigata Stem erect, 1-3.5’, stem Calla palustris Leaves basal, waxy green. Fruit cluster reddish, toxic W leaves long, narrow, curling. W (AKA - Water Arum) W Flower stalk single, shorter W when fresh. Flower stalk W Basal leaves obovate L than leaves. 5-10” high L single, shorter than leaves L

Toothwort - Cut-leaved Toothwort - Cut-leaved Toothwort - Two-leaved Toothwort - Two-leaved Pennsylvania Bitter-cress

Cardamine concatenata Stem leaf - 3 deep-lobed Cardamine diphylla Stems have 2 leaves, Cardamine pensylvanica W leaflets, appear to be 5 W (AKA - Crinkleroot) W opposite, 3 lobes, not deeply W (Pennsylvania Bittercress) W lobed. 8-16” high cut. 8-16” high L

Pennsylvania Bitter-cress Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Virginia Spring Beauty Virginia Spring Beauty

Terminal leaflet largest. Cerastium fontanum ssp. Stem to 12” high. Leaves Claytonia virginica 1/2” flowers in loose cluster, Stem leaf shown. Lower leaf W vulgare W opposite, stalkless, fine hair. W W 3-6” high. Basal leaves long W has wider leaflets. 6-24” high L Flowers - 5 deep cleft petals narrow. 1 pair stem leaves

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 12 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Dogwood - Redosier* Dogwood - Redosier* Dogwood - Redosier* Dutchman’s Breeches Dutchman’s Breeches

Cornus sericea Leaves opposite, entire, Drupes turn whitish-lead Leaves basal, yellow-green, (Stems red Fall to Spring.) W whitish beneath, fine hair on W color with pale red stalks. W W pinnately divided. Flowering W L top. Stems to 9+’ high L Dogwood drupes not edible L scape above leaves to 12”

Shooting Star Shooting Star False Rue Anemone False Rue Anemone White Troutlily

Dodecatheon meadia Flowering scape to 18” high Enemion biternatum Flowers rise from leaf axils. albidum (AKA - Pride of Ohio) U held above basal rosette of U W Leaves 2-3 times 3 parted, W (AKA - White Fawn Lily) W oblong leaves leaflets lobed. 4-16” high Flower 2-7” high

White Troutlily Strawberry - Woodland Strawberry - Woodland Strawberry - Virginia Strawberry - Virginia

Flowers nod, single above 2 Fragaria vesca Flower stalk above leaves. Fragaria virginiana Flower stalk shorter than mottled basal leaves; 1 leaf W U Leaflets often stalkless. Tip U W leaves. Leaflets stalked. Tip W on non-flowering plants tooth of leaflet broad tooth of leaflet shorter

Bedstraw - Cleavers Bedstraw - Cleavers Dame’s Rocket - White Dame’s Rocket - White Dame’s Rocket - White

Galium aparine Weak sticky stems,4-40” Hesperis matronalis Leaves alternate, lance Pink or white flowers; stem (AKA - Stickywilly) B long, sprawling; 4-petal B (AKA - Sweet Rocket) W shape, toothed. Flowers in W little branched, fine hair, 2-5 W Seed pod round, 2-cell, hairy flowers; leaves - whorl 6 to 8 L loose terminal cluster L feet high L

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 13 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Twinleaf Twinleaf Mountain Laurel* Mountain Laurel* Tatarian Honeysuckle*

Jeffersonia diphylla Leaves basal, long stalk, 2 Kalmia latifolia Leaves alternate, leathery, Lonicera tatarica W opposite leaflets. Flowers on W W glossy, evergreen, to 5” W (Invasive) B 4-10” leafless scape long. Low growing. Toxic

Tatarian Honeysuckle* False Solomon’s Seal False Solomon’s Seal False Solomon’s Seal Twoleaf Miterwort

Leaves elliptical, opposite. Maianthemum racemosum Single stem, tiny flowers in Berries red or mottled red in Mitella diphylla Flowers white to pink. Stems B B branched cluster at stem tip; B Autumn. Not considered B (AKA - Bishop's Cap) W shrubby, 3-10’. Berries red stem to 30” long edible

Twoleaf Miterwort Blunt-leaved Sandwort Blunt-leaved Sandwort Chokecherry* Chokecherry*

Leaves mid-stem, 1 pair, Moehringia lateriflora Leaf - oblong, blunt tip, no Prunus virginiana Leaf oval, fine teeth, pale almost stalkless, 3-5 lobes. W U stalk, < 1” long, fine hair. U W under, small glands on leaf W Flower 1/5” wide, 6-16” Plant < 10 inches high stalk. Multiple stems to 20’

Chokecherry* Pussy Willow* Red Elderberry* Red Elderberry* Red Elderberry*

Drupes 1/3”, deep red to Salix discolor Sambucus racemosa Flower cluster domed, leaf 5 Drupes small, birds love dark purplish black. Pit is W W (Flowers white to pinkish) W -7 leaflets, serrate edge. W them, not palatable to W toxic. Makes good jelly L Leafs out before flowering humans. Stems 6-12’

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 14 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Bloodroot Bloodroot American Bladdernut* American Bladdernut* American Bladdernut*

Sanguinaria canadensis 3-8” high. Flowers solitary. Staphylea trifolia Leaf - 3 ovate shiny leaflets, 1 - 4 seeds inside inflated 3- W Leaf single, basal, 5 - 7 W W fine teeth, lateral leaflets not W angled papery pod. W lobes, wraps flower stem stalked Usually multiple stems to 15’

Foamflower Foamflower Trillium - Nodding Trillium - Nodding Trillium - Drooping

Tiarella cordifolia To 14” hi. Leaves all basal, Trillium cernuum Flower nods beneath the 3 Trillium flexipes (AKA - Heartleaf W heart-shape base, 5 to 7 W W bracts. 8-16” high. Green W (AKA - Nodding Wakerobin) W Foamflower) lobes, stalks w/glandular hair reflexed backward

Trillium - Drooping Trillium - Large-flowered Trillium - Large-flowered Trillium - Snow Trillium - Snow

Flower droops but remains Trillium grandiflorum 8-16” hi. Largest flower of Trillium nivale Smallest trillium, sepals with above bracts. Green sepals W (AKA - White Trillium) W white trilliums, erect, facing W W purplish tones, bracts small W partly reflexed, to 16” high outward. Pink with age and more narrow; to 4” high

Nannyberry* Nannyberry* Nannyberry* Highbush Cranberry* Highbush Cranberry*

Viburnum lentago Leaf egg shaped, fine teeth, Drupes to 1/3”, oval, bluish- Viburnum opulus var. Leaf 3-lobed, coarse teeth. W in opposite pairs, stalks W black, red stalks, not W americanum (AKA American W Plant to 15’ high, scaly bark. W reddish with small wings palatable. Stems to 20’ Cranberrybush) L Multiple stems to 15’ L

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 15 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Highbush Cranberry* Highbush Cranberry* European Cranberry* European Cranberry* European Cranberry*

1 to 6 small stalked oil Drupes to 1/3”, deep red in Viburnum opulus var. opulus Leaf 3-lobed, a few coarse Drupes to 1/4”, deep red in glands on leaf stalk W Autumn, acidic but edible - W (Flowers same as Highbush) U teeth, small unstalked U Autumn, not good for U L good preserves L glands on leaf stalk cooking. Multi-stems to 10’

Canada Violet Canada Violet Marsh Marigold Marsh Marigold

Viola canadensis Leaves basal & stem, heart- Caltha palustris Leaves basal & stem, heart (Yellow tinting at petal base) W shape base, vein patterned. W B (AKA - Cowslip) W shaped, basal long stalked. W Basal on long stalks. 8-16” hi L Soft hair under. 8-24” high L

Marsh Marigold Eastern Leatherwood* Eastern Leatherwood* Eastern Leatherwood* Yellow Troutlily

Plants form colonies from Dirca palustris Leaves elliptic, alternate, Drupe elongated, to 1/2”; Erythronium americanum stem nodes rooting and from W W short stalks, unfold after W purplish-red at maturity. W (AKA - Dogtooth Violet) W reseeding L flowering Plant stems to 9’ high

Yellow Troutlily Kidneyleaf Buttercup Kidneyleaf Buttercup Kidneyleaf Buttercup Kidneyleaf Buttercup

Leaf irregularly mottled, Ranunculus abortivus Unique basal leaf. Kidney Stem leaves have 3 to 5 Plant 8 - 20” high, branched, basal, to 6”; two on flowering W (AKA - Littleleaf Buttercup) W shape, long stalk W lobes, usually stalkless W can tolerate standing water W plants, one on non-flowering L L L L

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 16 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Swamp Buttercup Swamp Buttercup Hooked Crowfoot Hooked Crowfoot Hooked Crowfoot

Ranunculus hispidus var. Basal leaf largest, 3 parts, Ranunculus recurvatus Leaves much same shape, Stem 8 to 24” high, nitidus W each divided. Uppers more W (AKA - Blisterwort) W stalked, stem leaf smaller. W occasionally branched; W (AKA - Hispid Buttercup) L simple. Stems trailing to 36” L L White stem hair L purplish appendages at base L

Wood Poppy Wood Poppy Trillium - Yellow Trillium - Yellow Large-flowered Bellwort

Stylophorum diphyllum To 18” high. Leaf lobes 2x Trillium luteum Flower pale yellow, Uvularia grandiflora (AKA - Celandine Poppy) W pinnatifid, rounded, deeply W (AKA - Yellow Wakerobin) W stalkless, slight twist to W (AKA - Merrybells) W divided, most are basal Stem to 15” high petals, sepals reflex.

Large-flowered Bellwort Downy Yellow Violet Downy Yellow Violet Golden Alexanders Golden Alexanders

Leaves pierced by stem, Viola pubescens Stemmed. Flower solitary Zizia aurea Leaves basal & stem, basal flower stem nods downward. W W from upper leaf axil. Leaves W (AKA - Golden Zizia) U 2 or 3 times divided, long U Tepals twisted. Plant 8-20” basal and stem. To 18” high stalks. Stems 1-4’ tall

Jack-in-the-pulpit Jack-in-the-pulpit Jack-in-the-pulpit Smooth Rockcress

Arisaema triphyllum 3-parted leaf, facing upward. Fruit cluster red at maturity, Boechera laevigata B W Spathe rises beneath leaves W remains after leaves die. Not W W from basal leaf sheath edible fresh. Plants 1-3’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 17 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Smooth Rockcress Blue Cohosh Blue Cohosh Blue Cohosh Sweet Fern*

Stem erect, 1-3.5’, stem Caulophyllum thalictroides One leaf of 3 or 4 3-parted Plant 1-2’ high. Berries Comptonia peregrina leaves long, narrow, curling. W (Flowers very small, 3/8 to W sections on non-flowering W fleshy, 1/3”, blue to very dark W U Basal leaves obovate 1/2 inch) plants; 2 on flowering plants blue with bloom. Not edible

Sweet Fern* Sweet Fern* Lesser Duckweed Lesser Duckweed Swamp Saxifrage

Monoecious. Leaves long, Spring inflorescence: Male Lemna minor Each frond (leaf) has single Micranthes pensylvanica narrow, lobed, gland dotted. U catkins (brown), female U (AKA - Common Duckweed) W root dangling under. Plants W (AKA - Eastern Swamp W Female flw w/nutlets shown ament (red), at end of twigs L usually in clusters up to 5+ L Saxifrage) L

Swamp Saxifrage Common Buckthorn* Common Buckthorn* Common Buckthorn* Common Buckthorn*

Hairy lance-shaped leaves cathartica Leaf has marginal teeth. Dioecious flowers 4-parted: Drupes blue-black at all basal. Flower stalk W W Flowers not stalked, in tight W Top: Female; bottom: Male. W maturity, 1/4”, juicy, 3-4 W w/ glandular hair, to 3’ high L cluster at leaf base Stems to 20’ high seeds per drupe. Not edible

Sumac - Fragrant* Sumac - Fragrant* Sumac - Fragrant* American Black Currant* American Black Currant*

Rhus aromatica Leaf has 3 stalked leaflets, Drupe to 1/4”, densely hairy, americanum Leaf - 3-5 toothed lobes, W variable in shape, aromatic W red at maturity. Not edible W (AKA - Wild Black Currant) W underside with noticeable W when crushed. Stems to 7’ without specific preparation L yellow glands. Stems to 6’ L

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 18 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

American Black Currant* Garden Currant* Garden Currant* Garden Currant* Pussy Willow*

Berry ovoid, smooth, thin Ribes rubrum Leaves almost circular, 3 to Fruit red at maturity, thin Leaves appear after the skin, black at maturity. W W 7 toothed lobes,no glands. W skin, juicy, edible, good jelly W catkins, almost white on W Edible when cooked L when cooked. Stems 2-4’ underside. Multiple stems L

Upright Carrion Flower Upright Carrion Flower Upright Carrion Flower Upright Carrion Flower Common Carrion Flower

Smilax ecirrhata Erect 1-3’, flowers in ball-like Leaves on upper 1/2 to Berries blue-black at Smilax lasioneura B umbel from bracts on stem B 2/3rds of stem, widely oval B maturity, 3/8”, not palatable B B below leaves; no prickles

Common Carrion Flower Common Carrion Flower Common Carrion Flower Early Meadow-rue Early Meadow-rue

Flowers in long-stalked Vining, to 7’, no prickles, Fruit 3/8” blue-black berries. Thalictrum dioicum Plant dioecious, male flower umbels from the leaf axils B tendrils, leaves evenly B Not palatable B (Male flowers shown) W anthers yellowish, leaves 1 W distributed on stem to 4x 3-parted. To 24” high

Early Meadow-rue Veiny Meadow Rue Veiny Meadow Rue Trillium - Yellow Prickly-ash*

Female flowers. Veiny Thalictrum venulosum Plant dioecious, 12-40” high, Trillium luteum Zanthoxylum americanum Meadow Rue similar W (Male flowers shown) W anthers more purplish, leaf W (AKA - Yellow Wakerobin) W (Male flowers shown) W similar to Early Meadow Rue Stem to 15” high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 19 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Prickly-ash* Prickly-ash* Hepatica - Sharp-lobed Hepatica - Sharp-lobed

Leaves pinnate, 5 - 11 Seed capsules red at Anemone acutiloba Anemone acutiloba leaflets, twigs aromatic with W maturity, contain 1 black oily W B (flowers occasionally blue) W W prickles. Old stems to 25’ seed. Most plants dioecious

Virginia Waterleaf Virginia Waterleaf Virginia Bluebells Virginia Bluebells Wild Blue Phlox

Hydrophyllum virginianum Leaves stalked, 3 - 7 lobes, Mertensia virginica Leaves basal & stem, Phlox divaricata (AKA - Eastern Waterleaf) B larger have tip and base B W elliptical, smooth, basal W B segment separated. 6-18” hi larger, floppy. Stem to 24”

Wild Blue Phlox Jacob's-ladder Jacob's-ladder Blue Squill Common Periwinkle

Leaves opposite, sparse, Polemonium reptans Plant under 20 inches high, Scilla siberica Vinca minor clasping, fine hair, no teeth. B (AKA - Greek Valerian) B frequently reclining. Leaf: 7 B (Nodding, 4-8” hi from bulb, W (AKA - Running Myrtle) W Stems 12-18” high -17 leaflets, smooth edges 2 to 4 linear leaves)

Common Periwinkle Common Blue Violet Common Blue Violet Common Blue Violet Common Blue Violet

Creeping stems, leaves Viola sororia Color variation - Flower Stemless - leaf rises directly Flower stem curves at apex, glossy, evergreen, flowers W W color blue to purplish, Lateral W from the root. Leaf is ovate W upper curves back, W solitary petals bearded to circular lower petal has spur at rear

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 20 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Confederate Violet Blue & Confederate Hepatica - Sharp-lobed Hepatica - Sharp-lobed

Viola sororia forma Viola sororia Anemone acutiloba Anemone acutiloba priceana (Considered a color W (Seed pod of cleistogamous W B (flowers occasionally pink) W W variation - leaf the same) flower)

Wild Ginger Wild Ginger Wild Ginger Asparagus Asparagus

Asarum canadense Leaves - 2 per plant, up to 6” Flower is at base of plant Asparagus officinalis Pseudo-leaves (cladophylls) (AKA - Canadian Wild W wide, hairy stalks and W stem. Plant to 8” high; W (Stem erect to 7’, branched) U tiny sticks on side branches. U Ginger) underside; stem prostrate spreading to form colonies Berries red at maturity, toxic

Virginia Spring Beauty Virginia Spring Beauty Fumewort Fumewort Shooting Star

Claytonia virginica 1/2” flowers in loose cluster, Corydalis solida Leaf pinnate, deeply cleft, Dodecatheon meadia W 3-6” high. Basal leaves long W W dense, terminal lobe with W (AKA - Pride of Ohio) U narrow. 1 pair stem leaves crenations. Stem 12-18”

Shooting Star MN Dwarf Troutlily Wild Geranium Wild Geranium Dame's Rocket -pink

Flowering scape to 18” high Erythronium propullans Geranium maculatum Basal leaves palmate, 5 - 7 Hesperis matronalis held above basal rosette of U (1.5-5” high; 5 tepals only W (AKA - Spotted Geranium) W lobes. Pair small leaves on W (AKA - Sweet Rocket) W oblong leaves not 6) L flower stem. To 24” high L

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 21 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Dame’s Rocket - Pink Dame’s Rocket - Pink Foamy Bells Foamy Bells Wild Honeysuckle*

Leaves alternate, lance Pink or white flowers; stem xHeucherella tiarelloides Garden hybrid of Lonicera dioica shape, toothed. Flowers in W little branched, fine hair, 2-5 W W Foamflower; leaves all basal W (AKA - Limber Honeysuckle) U loose terminal cluster L foot high L in a clump. Stem to 14”

Wild Honeysuckle* Red Elderberry* Red Elderberry* Red Elderberry* Skunk Cabbage

Climbing, vine-like, leaves Sambucus racemosa Flower cluster domed, leaf 5 Drupes small, birds love Symplocarpus foetidus opposite; flowers in tight U (Flowers white to pinkish) W - 7 leaflets, serrate edge. W them, not palatable to W (Early before leaf-out) W cluster at stem tip Leafs out before flowering humans. Stems 6-12’ L

Skunk Cabbage Skunk Cabbage Rue Anemone Rue Anemone Trillium - Sweet Betsy

Flowers are on the spadix Leaves appear after Thalictrum thalictroides Leaf-like bracts form whorl Trillium cuneatum inside the reddish-brown W flowering, all basal, W (Flowers rise from top of 4-8” B under flowers. Stem & basal B (Bracts to 6” long, flower to W spathe L sheathed stalk. Large L stem, not from leaf axils.) 3-parted leaves look similar 3” high, stem to 10”)

Trillium - Sweet Betsy Trillium - Purple Trillium - Purple Trillium - Prairie Trillium - Prairie

Sweet Betsy & Toadshade Trillium erectum Flower facing outward, color Trillium recurvatum Flower erect, petals not have similar but different W W variable, petals & sepals of W W spreading, green sepals W size bracts, no leaf stalks equal length. 10-15” high hang downward. Stem to 16”

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 22 These are spring flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between April & early May. Spring Wildflowers Alternate common names for plants are shown in ( ). Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden Woody plants have an *. Spring flowering time varies yearly. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Trillium - Toadshade Trillium - Toadshade Wild Oats Wild Oats

Trillium sessile Sweet Betsy & Toadshade Uvularia sessilifolia Leaves clasp, but don’t (Bracts to 3” long, flower to W have similar but different W (AKA - Sissileleaf Bellwort) W pierce stem. Flower solitary, W B 1.5” high, stem to 10”) L size bracts and flowers L Under 12” high drooping, tepals flare at tip

Wild Columbine Wild Columbine Sweet Fern* Sweet Fern* Sweet Fern*

Aquilegia canadensis Leaves divided into 3-leaflet Comptonia peregrina Leaves long, narrow, lobed, Nutlets ovoid, 1/4”, in a (AKA - Red Columbine) B groups, each leaflet cleft at B (Spring flowering - male U gland dotted U cluster. Plant 2-4’ high U tips. Stems 1-3’ high brown; female ament red)

Prairie Smoke Prairie Smoke

Geum triflorum Seed head stage; flowers (AKA - Old Man’s Whiskers) U nodding then erect in seed. U Compare G. rivale pg. 170 Stems 4-16” high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 23