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American Strategic Policy and Iranian Political Development 1943-1979
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1985 American strategic policy and Iranian political development 1943-1979 Mohsen Shabdar The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Shabdar, Mohsen, "American strategic policy and Iranian political development 1943-1979" (1985). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5189. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5189 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th is is an unpublished manuscript in which copyright sub s is t s , Any further r epr in tin g of it s contents must be approved BY THE AUTHOR, Man sfield L ibrary Un iv e r s it y of Montana Date : •*' 1 8 AMERICAN STRATEGIC POLICY AND IRANIAN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT 1943-1979 By Mohsen Shabdar B.A., Rocky Mountain College, 1983 Presented in partial fu lfillm e n t of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1985 Approved by: ‘ Chairman, Board of Examir\efs Dean, Graduate School UMI Number: EP40653 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Point Four Program
- [COMMITTEE PRIT]ltE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS POINT FOUR BACKGROUND AND PROGRAM (International Technical Cooperation Act of 1949) Prepared forthe use of the Committee on Foreign'Affairs of the House of Representatives by the Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, largely from materials supplied by the Department of State. JULY 1949 UNITED STATES GOVEIWMENT PRINTING OFFICE 9403 WASflNGTON 1949 3L A u ! ' ' , /' ' ". I I t '.t " .' I " COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS JOHN I&EE, West Virginia, Chairman JAmES P. RICHARDS, South Carolina OHARLES A. EATON, Newlersey jOSEPH L. PFEIFER, New York ROBERT B. OHIFJDRFIELD, Illinois THOMAS S.,GORDON, Iinois JOHN M. VORYS, Ohio 'HELEN GAIAGAN DOUGIAAS; eChIfornladFRANCES p1.-BOLTN, bhio. MIKE MAN5FIEID,.Montana LAWRENCE H. SMITA WisconS~ 'THOMAS E. MORGAN, Fensylvanlma CHESTER E IERROW, New flampshir LAURIE 0. BATTLE, Alabama WALTER H. JUDD, Mumnesgd GEORGE A. SMATHERS, Florida iAMES G: FUtTON,.'urindvahi A. S. J. CARNAHAN, Missouri JACOB K. YAVITS, New York ,THURMOND CHATHAM, North Carolina JOHN DAVIS LODGE, Connecticut , CLEMENT X. ZADLOCKI, Wisconsin DONALD L. JACKSON California A. A. RIBICOFF, Connecticut OMIAR BURLESON, Texas BOYD ORAWFORD, Adminrstrative O0.fer and Committee Clerk ~CiARLEs B. MARSHAL, Staff Cqsintn faA E. BENNETT, Staff Consultant JUNE NIoin, StaffAveitant WINIFRED OSBORNE, SlaffAnifstanl DoRIS LEONE, StaffAsewest MABEL HENDERSON, SlaffAzssua7t MAny G, GRACE, Staff Assstant II -0/- _ 2 S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LEGISLATIVE RrFrRENCE SERVICE, Washington 25, D. C., July 20, Hon. Jon Kmz, 1949. C7 irman, Committee on ForeignAffairs, Uouse of Representatives, Washington, D. C. DEAR JUDGE.Kmg: The report Point Four: Background and Pro gram is trausmitted herewith in response to your recent request. -
The Desire for God and the Transformative Power of Contemplation
Light Burdens, Heavy Blessings Challenges of Church and Culture in the Post Vatican II Era Essays in Honor of Margaret R. Brennan, II-lM Edited by Mary Heather MacKinnon, SSND, Moni Mclntyre, Mary Ellen Sheehan, IHM raneisean CJ?,!;ess QJlinry University Margaret R. Brennan, IHM -------.. The Desire for God and the Transformative Power of Contemplation Constance FitzGerald, oeD ------------------........ INTRoDucnoN All around us today we see a passion to touch the roots of contem plation or mysticism in our history as a people, to hear a muted desire that has existed often only as a subterranean force and to bring it above ground into the public forum in order to understand its power for trans formation in our post-modern world.! Even if it is unrecognized and therefore uninterpreted, the desire for God is apparent everywhere in so many different forms. If we are able to reclaim this muted desire that runs through our history and make available centuries of contemplative tradition, Carmelite in this case, the dominant paradigms of this tradi tion may offer some guidance to our nation, North 1merica, the Western world, called as it is by history and so-called "development" to a contemplative time, challenged to mature beyond being first, beyond being the Center of the world. I often feel that only if we are prepared for transformation by contemplatiod and thereby given a new kind of consciousness and imagination will humanity and the earth, with its various eco-systems, survive. What the Carmelite contemplative tradition reveals is women and men searching for God, desiring God together. -
A Celebration of the Contributions of Dr. Mortimer J. Adler
A Celebration of the Contributions of Dr. Mortimer J. Adler August 19-21,1994 Aspen, Colorado Contents (interactive) Mortimer J. Adler: Philosopher at Midday- Jeffrey D. Wallin...................51 MJA, POLITICS: Summary - John Van Doren............................................76 Mortimer Adler: The Political Writings - John Van Doren........................79 Remarks – Mortimer J. Adler.......................................................................93 From the Editor’s Desk - Sydney Hyman...................................................95 Mortimer Adler and The Aspen Institute - Sidney Hyman........................99 Authors........................................................................................................118 51 Mortimer J. Adler: Philosopher at Midday Jeffrey D. Wallin ortimer J. Adler has made an unusual number of difficult M ideas accessible to “everybody.” Perhaps that is why he has been so uncharitably dismissed as a “popular” philosopher by his critics, a good number of whom come from that narrow breed of specialists once dismissed by Nietzsche as equipped at best to study the lives of a single species of insect, say, the leech, or that being too broad, perhaps only the leech’s brain. Adler is not a spe- cialist. He speaks to broad issues, issues of importance to all of us as men and women. Even more surprising, he speaks without jar- gon, evasion or irony. Unlike the owl of Minerva, which is said to begin its flight at dusk, this is one philosopher who learns and teaches in direct sunlight. Among the most important topics Adler has shed light upon are liberal education, democracy and human nature. Adler favors all of them, by the way. And nothing could further distance him from the strongest trends in American education. * * * In early May 1994 The New York Times carried a story about a controversy raging in Lake County, Florida. -
The Scopic Past and the Ethics of the Gaze
Ivan Illich Kreftingstr. 16 D - 28203 Bremen THE SCOPIC PAST AND THE ETHICS OF THE GAZE A plea for the historical study of ocular perception Filename and date: SCOPICPU.DOC Status: To be published in: Ivan Illich, Mirror II (working title). Copyright Ivan Illich. For further information please contact: Silja Samerski Albrechtstr.19 D - 28203 Bremen Tel: +49-(0)421-7947546 e-mail: [email protected] Ivan Illich: The Scpoic Past and the ethics of the Gaze 2 Ivan Illich THE SCOPIC PAST AND THE ETHICS OF THE GAZE A plea for the historical study of ocular perception1 We want to treat a perceptual activity as a historical subject. There are histories of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, of the formation of a working class in Great Britain, of porridge in medieval Europe. We ourselves have explored the history of the experienced (female) body in the West. Now we wish to outline the domain for a history of the gaze - der Blick, le regard, opsis.2 The action of seeing is shaped differently in different epochs. We assume that the gaze can be a human act. Hence, our historical survey is carried out sub specie boni; we wish to explore the possibilities of seeing in the perspective of the good. In what ways is this action ethical? The question arose for us when we saw the necessity of defending the integrity and clarity of our senses - our sense experience - against the insistent encroachments of multimedia from cyberspace. From our backgrounds in history, we felt that we had to resist the dissolution of the past by seemingly sophisticated postmodern catch phrases, for example, the deconstruction of conversation into a process of communication. -
Markets Not Capitalism Explores the Gap Between Radically Freed Markets and the Capitalist-Controlled Markets That Prevail Today
individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson Individualist anarchists believe in mutual exchange, not economic privilege. They believe in freed markets, not capitalism. They defend a distinctive response to the challenges of ending global capitalism and achieving social justice: eliminate the political privileges that prop up capitalists. Massive concentrations of wealth, rigid economic hierarchies, and unsustainable modes of production are not the results of the market form, but of markets deformed and rigged by a network of state-secured controls and privileges to the business class. Markets Not Capitalism explores the gap between radically freed markets and the capitalist-controlled markets that prevail today. It explains how liberating market exchange from state capitalist privilege can abolish structural poverty, help working people take control over the conditions of their labor, and redistribute wealth and social power. Featuring discussions of socialism, capitalism, markets, ownership, labor struggle, grassroots privatization, intellectual property, health care, racism, sexism, and environmental issues, this unique collection brings together classic essays by Cleyre, and such contemporary innovators as Kevin Carson and Roderick Long. It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism. “We on the left need a good shake to get us thinking, and these arguments for market anarchism do the job in lively and thoughtful fashion.” – Alexander Cockburn, editor and publisher, Counterpunch “Anarchy is not chaos; nor is it violence. This rich and provocative gathering of essays by anarchists past and present imagines society unburdened by state, markets un-warped by capitalism. -
The Economics of International Aid
WP 2003-39 November 2003 Working Paper Department of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7801 USA THE ECONOMICS OF INTERNATIONAL AID Ravi Kanbur It is the Policy of Cornell University actively to support equality of educational and employment opportunity. No person shall be denied admission to any educational program or activity or be denied employment on the basis of any legally prohibited discrimination involving, but not limited to, such factors as race, color, creed, religion, national or ethnic origin, sex, age or handicap. The University is committed to the maintenance of affirmative action programs which will assure the continuation of such equality of opportunity. The Economics of International Aid* By Ravi Kanbur Cornell University [email protected] This Version: November, 2003 Contents 1. Introduction 2. The History of Aid 2.1 The Origins of Modern Aid 2.2 Evolution of the Aid Doctrine Before and After the Cold War 3. The Theory of Aid 3.1 Unconditional Transfers 3.2 Conditionality 4. Empirics and Institutions of Aid 4.1 Development Impact of Aid 4.2 Aid Dependence 4.3 International Public Goods and Aid 5. Conclusion References Abstract This paper presents an overview of the economics of international aid, highlighting the historical literature and the contemporary debates. It reviews the “trade-theoretic” and the “contract-theoretic” analytical literature, and the empirical and institutional literature. It demonstrates a great degree of continuity in the policy concerns of the aid discourse in the twentieth century, and shows how the theoretical, empirical and institutional literature has evolved to address specific policy concerns of each period. -
"For Yours Is the Kingdom of God": a Historical Analysis of Liberation Theology in the Last Two Decades and Its Significance Within the Christian Tradition
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2009 "For Yours is the Kingdom of God": A historical analysis of liberation theology in the last two decades and its significance within the Christian tradition Virginia Irby College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Irby, Virginia, ""For Yours is the Kingdom of God": A historical analysis of liberation theology in the last two decades and its significance within the Christian tradition" (2009). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 288. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/288 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “For Yours is the Kingdom of God:” A historical analysis of liberation theology in the last two decades and its significance within the Christian tradition A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in Religious Studies from The College of William and Mary by Virginia Kathryn Irby Accepted for ___________________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) ________________________________________ John S. Morreall, Director ________________________________________ Julie G. Galambush ________________________________________ Tracy T. Arwari Williamsburg, VA April 29, 2009 This thesis is dedicated to all those who have given and continue to give their lives to the promotion and creation of justice and peace for all people. -
Oscar Romero and the Resurgence of Liberationist Thought William David Mccorkle Clemson University
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2015 Oscar Romero and the Resurgence of Liberationist Thought William David McCorkle Clemson University Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation McCorkle, William David, "Oscar Romero and the Resurgence of Liberationist Thought" (2015). All Theses. 2104. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2104 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OSCAR ROMERO AND THE RESURGENCE OF LIBERATIONIST THOUGHT __________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University __________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts History __________________________________________________________________ by William David McCorkle December 2014 __________________________________________________________________ Accepted by: Dr. Rachel Moore, Committee Chair Dr. Rod Andrew Dr. Vernon Burton i ABSTRACT While the slain El Salvadorian archbishop, Oscar Romero, was not necessarily a liberation theologian, he embodied the teachings of liberation theology seen in the work of the Conference of Latin American Bishops and the writings of Gustavo Gutiérrez while also moderating some of the more radical interpretations of the theology. Despite the strong opposition to liberation theology from the Vatican and conservative church officials, Romero’s life and legacy has helped keep the core ideas of the theology alive by serving as an example of a more peaceful version of liberationist thought. Because of his "martyrdom" and his subsequent iconic status throughout Latin America, the church could not simply dismiss his ideas. -
Introduction: Degrowth Futures and Democracy
Futures 44 (2012) 515–523 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Futures jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/futures Introduction Degrowth futures and democracy 1. A degrowth future? Over 40 years have passed since the publication of Limits to growth, a report that warned on the limits of exponential population and economic growth in a planet of finite resources [1]. Meadow et al.’s predictions were forgotten in the frenzy of the post oil-crisis economic growth of the 1980s and the 1990s, a growth that we now know that was fuelled by a fictitious financial economy [2]. It appears in retrospect that most of the Limits to growth predictions were right [3]. Peak-oil, climate change and accelerating ecosystem degradation, coupled with an unprecedented socio-economic crisis with biophysical roots [2,4] have put back in the agenda the idea that growth and sustainability are incompatible [5–7]. A growing coalition of academics and activists is explicitly calling for collectively devising and implementing a degrowth transition, a socially equitable and democratic process of downscaling the economy and bringing it within ecological limits [2,6,8–10]. One of the most influential writers on the topic, Latouche, defines degrowth as ‘‘a political slogan with theoretical implications’’ [54], whose function is to open up conceptual and practical opportunities for escaping the impasse and mentality of the current economy [55]. This requires avoiding the trap of getting tangled in economic proposals and an economic idiom when envisioning the transition to a degrowth society, i.e. avoiding the ‘‘economicism’’ that characterizes industrial society and which is at the heart of the ideology of development [50]. -
Top 10 Punjabi Movies
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Partisan Dealignment and the Rise of the Minor Party at the 2015 General Election
MEDIA@LSE MSc Dissertation Series Compiled by Bart Cammaerts, Nick Anstead and Richard Stupart “The centre must hold” Partisan dealignment and the rise of the minor party at the 2015 general election Peter Carrol MSc in Politics and Communication Other dissertations of the series are available online here: http://www.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/mediaWorkingPapers/Electroni cMScDissertationSeries.aspx MSc Dissertation of Peter Carrol Dissertation submitted to the Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science, August 2016, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MSc in Politics and Communication. Supervised by Professor Nick Couldry. The author can be contacted at: [email protected] Published by Media@LSE, London School of Economics and Political Science ("LSE"), Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. The LSE is a School of the University of London. It is a Charity and is incorporated in England as a company limited by guarantee under the Companies Act (Reg number 70527). Copyright, Peter Carrol © 2017. The authors have asserted their moral rights. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. In the interests of providing a free flow of debate, views expressed in this dissertation are not necessarily those of the compilers or the LSE. 2 MSc Dissertation of Peter Carrol “The centre must hold” Partisan dealignment and the rise of the minor party at the 2015 general election Peter Carrol ABSTRACT For much of Britain’s post-war history, Labour or the Conservatives have formed a majority government, even when winning less than half of the popular vote.