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Cover Figure – Image of St. George Castle, the archaeological camp and the new sea defence‐wall, in Elmina, Ghana. Photo taken by David Stehl, on the 29th of April 2019, during the WHC/ICOMOS/ICCROM Advisory Mission. Photo credits: Photos were taken during the UNESCO‐WHC/ICOMOS/ICCROM Advisory Mission to Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions that took place from the 28th of April to the 2nd of May 2019, in Ghana. Cover image ‐ Photo taken by David Stehl. Figs. 1 to 27, 29, 30 ‐ Photos taken by Mariana Correia. Fig. 28 ‐ Image credited to ARCHXENUS Fig. 31‐ Photo taken by John Tolva (available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/34) Fig. 32 ‐ Drawing credited to Francesco Ernesto Ventura, ONLUS NGO (available in Annex 10.10). Figs. 33, 34, 35 ‐ Photos credited to GMMB (available at: http://www.ghanamuseums.org/forts/forts‐ castles.php) All images in Annex 10.6 ‐ photos taken by David Stehl. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS i - viii 1. BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION 1 1.1. Preamble and Justification of the mission 1 1.2. Inscription history and Statement of Outstanding Universal Value 2 1.3. Terms of Reference 3 1.4. Mission Team 4 1.5. Mission Programme 4 1.6. Examination of the State of Conservation by the World Heritage Committee 4 2. PREVIOUS MISSIONS AND WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE DECISIONS 6 3. OVERALL STATE OF CONSERVATION 8 3.1. National policy for the preservation and management of the World Heritage property 8 3.1.1. Protected area legislation 8 3.1.2. Institutional frameworK 8 3.1.3. Management structure 9 3.1.4. Response to the recognition of values under international treaties and programmes (World 11 Heritage) 3.2. Management 11 3.2.1. Outdated Cultural Heritage laws 11 3.2.2. Integrated planning process and Management Plans 12 3.2.3. Absence of a National Cultural Heritage Inventory 12 3.2.4. Human Resources Capacity 13 3.2.5. Insufficient financial support 14 3.2.6. StaKeholder management framework 14 3.2.7. Buffer zones 14 3.2.8. LacK of buffer zones and development threats at the property 15 3.3. Factors affecting the property 15 3.3.1. Visited components 15 3.3.2. Information on other components not visited 21 3.4. Review whether the values on the basis of which the property was inscribed on the World 22 Heritage List are being maintained 3.5. Overall state of conservation of the components of the World Heritage property, considering 24 their conditions of integrity and authenticity 4. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: CASTLE OF SAINT GEORGE IN ELMINA 26 4.1. Scope, justification and detailed plans for the tourism development project 26 4.1.1. Project presentation 26 4.1.2. Concept and justification of the project 27 4.1.3. Absence of detailed plans for the Tourism Development Project 28 4.2. Impact on the Outstanding Universal Value, conditions of integrity and authenticity 29 4.2.1. Project proposal analysis 29 4.2.2. Impact on the OUV of the World Heritage property 29 4.3. Proposed mitigation measures 31 4.4. Protection and conservation policies of the components, surroundings and wider contexts 32 4.5. Site management system, taKing into account in particular the National Tourism Development 32 Plan (2013-2027) 4.6. Consider the situation with the delineation of the limits of the property components and of their 33 buffer zones 4.7. Involvement and Engagement of local communities and the promotion of cultural expressions 34 5. DEVELOPMENT AND RESTORATION PROJECT AT FORT AMSTERDAM IN ABANDZI 35 5.1. Scope, justification and detailed plans for the restoration project 35 5.1.1. Project presentation 35 5.1.2. Concept and justification of the project 37 5.1.3. Detailed plans for the Restoration project 37 5.2. Restoration impact on the Outstanding Universal Value, conditions of integrity and authenticity 37 5.2.1. Restoration project analysis 38 5.2.2. Impact on the OUV of the World Heritage Property 38 5.3. Proposed mitigation measures 40 5.4. Protection and conservation policies of the components, restoration guidelines and procedures 41 5.5. Site management system, taKing into account in particular the National Tourism Development 41 Plan (2013-2027) 5.6. Consider the situation with the delineation of the limits of the property components and of their 42 buffer zones 5.7. Involvement and Engagement of staKeholders, local communities and the promotion of cultural 42 expressions 6. POTENTIAL PROJECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT AT OTHER COMPONENTS 43 6.1. Potential Projects for development at visited components 43 6.1.1. Fort St. Jago (Elmina) 43 6.1.2. James Fort (Accra) 43 6.1.3. Ussher Fort (Accra) 43 6.1.4. Fort Christiansborg at Osu (Accra) 43 6.2. Potential projects for development at components not visited 44 6.2.1. Project at Groot FredericKsborg at Princess town 44 6.2.2. Encroachment at Fort Patience 44 6.2.3. Development of Fort Metal Cross, in Dixcove 45 6.3. Overall Findings on Tourism Developments 45 7. REVIEW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE N°3008 APPROVED BY THE 47 COMMITTEE (DecisiOn 42 COM 13) FOR THE "Preparation of a Management Plan for the Forts and Castles of Ghana" 7.1. Background and context of International Assistance 47 7.2. Scope of International Assistance 47 7.3. State of Preparedness in Implementing International Assistance 47 7.4. Overall Observations and Advice to the State Party 48 7.5. Next Steps on the Implementation of the International Assistance 49 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50 8.1. Findings 50 8.1.1. Governance 50 8.1.2. Conservation 50 8.1.3. Threats from Developments/ livelihoods 50 8.2. Response to TORs 51 8.2.1. State of Conservation at the Forts and Castles 51 8.2.2. Tourism Development at Saint George Castle in Elmina 51 8.2.3. Development and Restoration project at Fort Amsterdam in Abandze 51 8.2.4. Delineation of buffer zones 52 8.2.5. Protection and Conservation Policies 52 8.2.6. Implementation of the International Assistance n°3008 approved by the Committee (Decision 42 52 COM 13) 8.2.7. Additional Actions 53 8.3. Recommendations to the State Party 54 9. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES 60 10. ANNEXES 61 10.1. Terms of reference 61 10.2. Statement of Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage property of the “Forts and 62 Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions”, in Ghana. 10.3. Mission team (with bios) 64 10.4. Itinerary and programme 65 10.5. List of people met and that participated in the meetings during the Advisory Mission 67 10.6. Photographs 70 OTHER ANNEXES 90 Power-point presentation of Elmina Heritage Bay Tourism project Conceptual Note of the Restoration Project of Fort Amsterdam Technical dossier (with architectural drawings) of the Restoration Project of Fort Amsterdam ACRONYMS ARCHXENUS Architectural firm in charge the project for Elmina EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EU European Union GMMB Ghana Museums and Monuments Board GTA Ghana Tourism Authority HIA Heritage Impact Assessment ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property MBM Minor Boundary Modification NATCOM Ghana National Commission for UNESCO NTDP National Tourism Development Plan SEIA Social-Economic Impact Assessment SIA Social Impact Assessment OUV Outstanding Universal Value UNESCO-Ghana UNESCO Office in Accra UNESCO-WHC UNESCO – World Heritage Centre WHC World Heritage Centre ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The members of this mission wish to express their gratitude to the numerous authorities supporting the mission, as well as stakeholders and communities met during the mission, in regard to their hospitality, support, and assistance provided prior to and during the mission. The mission team fully appreciated being personally received by the Hon. Minister, H.E. Ms Barbara Oteng-Gyasi, Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture, as well as the Ambassador Ann Bossman, Ambassador for France, Portugal, OIF, OCDE, and UNESCO, the GMMB Board member, Mr. Agyiri Sackey, and the Secretary-General of the National Committee of UNESCO, Ms Ama Serwah Nerquaye-Tetteh. The mission team also deeply appreciated to be accompanied during the entire mission by GMMB Executive Director, Mr. Kingsley Ofosu Nkansah, as well as GMMB staff, the architect Natalyn Oye Addo, as well as the NatCom representative, archaeologist Christopher Wetcher. It was also greatly appreciated that the Mission team had the opportunity to meet with the representative of Arch Xenues, arch. Abdoul Amadou; The representatives of GTA, Mr. Akwasi Agyeman and Mr. Ekow Sampson, all the chiefs in Elmina, and in particular Mr. Nana Shadwo Condua VI, and Mr. Nana Shodwo Edunakwa; Prof. H.N.A. Wellington; the representative of ONLUS in Ghana, arch. Daniel Ohene, and from GMMB, Mr. Bernard Agyiri Sackey and Mr. Kwame Sowu. Relevant to acknowledge were all the efforts developed by UNESCO-Ghana office, represented by Mr. Abdourahamane Diallo, and Mr. Carl Ampah, without whom the success of the mission would not had been possible to achieve. Finally, a special recognition is dedicated to Ghana population, local authorities, and stakeholders for their kind welcome, engagement and open dialogue during the stakeholders’ meetings, and site visits. The mission team recognizes and values the efforts being undertaken to accomplish significant conservation of the FORTS AND CASTLES, VOLTA, GREATER ACCRA, CENTRAL AND WESTERN REGIONS, in Ghana. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS In response to questions addressed by the World Heritage Centre regarding the Tourism Development project being developed in St. George Castle in Elmina, the Republic of Ghana invited a joint UNESCO/ICOMOS/ICCROM Advisory Mission to the property to contribute to the assessment of the project and its impact on the World Heritage property.
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